U.S. History
Lesson 1
Four Goals of Progressivism
- progressive movement Æ restore economic opportunities &
correct injustices in American’s lives.
A. Protecting Social Welfare
1. Help
l the
h poor – community
i centers, churches,
h h social
i l services.
i
2. Young Men’s Christian Assoc. - YMCA
a) sponsored classes – rec. activities
3. Florence Kelley – fought for child & women’s labor rights.
B. Promoting Moral Improvement
1 Prohibition – wanted to ban alcoholic beverages
1.
a) WCTU – Women’s Christian Temperance Union
b) Carry A. Nation – took a hatchet to saloons
c) lots of tension – people took opposing sides.
C. Economic Reform
1. Big business got special treatment from the govt.
2. muckrakers – journalists who write about corruption
3. Ida M. Tarbell – wrote about how Rockefeller never
played fair w/ other companies.
D. Fostering Efficiency
1. scientific management – see how fast a task can be done.
2. assembly lines make production faster.
Reforming the States
A. Reform Governors
1. WI Gov. Robert M. Lafollette
- attacked big business & corruption
corruption.
B. Working Children
1. Worked for less $$ Æ lots more accidents
2. Keating- Owen Act 1916 – goods made w/ child labor cannot
be transported across state lines.
Sup Ct
Ct. said unconstitutional
unconstitutional. in 1918.
1918
- Sup.
3. Some progress was made – limited hours, etc.
C. Limits to Working Hours
1. Muller vs. Oregon 1908
- women 10 hrs/day max.
2. Bunting vs. Oregon 1917
- men 10 hrs/day
y max.
3. Workers compensation for injured workers.
D. Election Reform
1. initiative - bill originating w/ the people, not the lawmakers.
2. referendum – people vote on the initiative.
3 recall – vote to remove someone from office.
3.
office
E. 17th Amendment
1. Allowed voters, not the state legislature to choose Senators.
Women At Work
- before the Civil War – women stayed home.
A. On the Farm
1. Women helped w/ livestock and raising crops.
B. Women in Industry
1. 1/5 of women held a job by 1900.
a) garment industry
b) ½ pay
c) mostly single ladies
2. 1890 – more women high school grads. than men.
a) worked in offices, stores, etc.
C. Domestic Work
1. maids, cooks, etc.
Women Lead Reform
A. Women in Higher Education
1. Many attended women’s colleges.
2 V
2.
Vassar C
College
ll
– provided
id d women an excellent
ll t education
d ti
3. Used their new skills to fight for reform
B. Women & Reform
1 14th & 15th Amend.
1.
Amend – gave
ga e rights to Af
Af. Am
Am. men – not women.
omen
2. Susan B. Anthony – wanted voting rights (suffrage) -NWSA
a) suffrage – right to vote
(Nat. Women’s Suffrage Assoc.)
3. Liquor industry worried women would vote for prohibition.
4 Factories worried women would vote out child labor.
4.
labor
5. Men were afraid of women’s new role.
C. Strategy for Suffrage
1. Convince state legislatures to give women rights
a) WY, UT, CO, ID – 1st states to do so.
2. Court cases test the 14th Amendment
a) courts said women were citizens, but not ALL citizens
could vote.
3. Amendment to allow women to vote
a)) always
l
killed
kill d by
b state
t t legislatures.
l il t