School of Distance Education
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
(2011 Admn. onwards)
V Semester
Core Course for B.Sc. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Question Bank & Answer Key
1) __________ introduced the notion that the presence of others can facilitate certain behavior.
A) Bandura.
C) Festinger.
B) Allport.
D) Milgram.
2) The concept of cognitive Dissonance was proposed by
A) Allport
C) Festinger.
B) Weiner.
D) Bandura.
3) __________ is a branch that study the origin, development, structure, and functioning of social
groups
A) Sociology.
C) Antropology.
B) Social Psychology.
D) Personality Psychology.
4) __________ is the key to uncovering causal relationships between variables.
A) Observation.
C) Case study.
B) Experimental Method.
D) Survey.
5) __________ is the treatment variable that is manipulated by the experimenter.
A) Dependent variable.
C) Control variable.
B) Intervening variable.
D) Independent variable.
6) Which of the following is not a core value that the field of social psychology is committed to?
A) Open-mindedness.
C) Intuition.
B) Objectivity.
D) Accuracy.
7) Social psychology seeks to understand __________ in social situations.
A) Individual Behavior.
C) Group behavior.
Social Psychology
B) Individual thought.
D) Both A and B.
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8) Which of the following factors that can affect an individual’s behavior in social settings?
A) Cognitive processes.
C) Biological factors.
B) Cultural context.
D) All of the above are correct.
9) Social psychologists currently view cognition and behavior as
A) Two distinct groups.
B) Two distinct, but mutually exclusive concepts.
C) Two intimately and continuously linked concepts.
D) Social psychologists still have not come to a unified view of these concepts.
10) The practice of systematic observation is a(n) __________ practice of observation.
A) Formal.
B) Informal.
C) Careful.
D) Both A and C.
11) If a researcher wanted to determine how consumers felt about a particular detergent, he would
ideally use which research method?
A) Systematic observation.
C) A correlational study.
B) The survey method.
D) The experimental method.
12) Which of the following represents the strongest correlation
A) .51
C) -.91
B) .02
D) .00
13) Which of the following elements does an experiment require to be considered successful?
A) The lack of confounding variables. B) The presence of confounding variables.
C) Random assignment of participants to conditions. D) Both A and C are correct.
14) A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between event is
A) Hypothesis.
C) Research topic.
B) Theory.
D) Direction to research.
15) The study of the naturally occurring relationship among variables is
A) Experimental research.
C) Field research.
B) Correlational research.
D) Interpretative research.
16) The procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of
inclusion is
A) Survey.
C) Controlled sample.
B) Equal sample.
D) Random sample.
17) A person’s answer to the question “who am I” is
A) Possible selves.
C) Self esteem.
Social Psychology
B) Self concept.
D) Self scheme.
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18) Beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information is
A) Self-esteem.
C) Self-schema.
B) Self-reference effect.
D) Self-concept.
19) The term “possible selves” does not include
A) Self-schema.
C) The self we dream of becoming.
B) Self-esteem.
D) The self we fear we might become.
20) Self-esteem is
A)
B)
C)
D)
The total of our possible selves.
The sum of all our self-schemas.
The total sum of our thoughts about ourselves.
A person’s overall evaluation of oneself.
21) The art of expressing oneself in ways designed to create a favourable impression is
A) Self-presentation.
B) Self-monitoring.
C) Self-handicapping.
D) Egocentric role playing
22) __________ is defined as the study of how we form impression of and make inferences about
other people
A) Social perception.
B) Social facilitation.
C) Social loafing.
D) Social cognition.
23) __________ states that first impression are very important
A) Recency effect.
C) Hallo effect.
B) Placebo effect.
D) Primacy effect.
24) __________ is the extent to which other people behave in the same way in similar situation.
A) Distinctiveness.
C) Consistency.
B) Consensus.
D) Validity.
25) The originator of message or the information source selects desire message.
A) Sender.
C) Decoder.
B) Encoder.
D) Noise.
26) “ABX” model of communication was proposed by
A) Shannon.
B) Weaver.
C) Newcomb.
D) De Fleur
27) __________ model describes the circular process of communication with feedback from the
receiver.
A) De Fleur.
B) Weaver.
C) Newcomb.
D) Shannon.
Social Psychology
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28) __________ refers to vocal communication that is separate from actual language
A) Gestures.
C) Posture.
B) Paralinguistics.
D) Facial expression.
29) Communication through touch is known as
A) Proxemics.
B) Paralinguistics.
C) Haptics.
D) Gazes.
30) __________ proposed the Helical Model of communication
A) Frank Dance.
C) Newcomb.
B) De Fleur.
D) Shannon.
31) __________ Model of communication is used to enhance the individual’s perception on others.
A) Helical Model.
C) De Fleur Model.
B) Johari Window Model.
D) Shannon-Weaver Model.
32) __________ bias occurs the sample studied in an experiment does not correctly represent the
population the researcher wants to draw conclusions about
A) Subject bias.
C) Experimental bias.
B) Sample bias.
D) Variable bias.
33) Mental summaries that are abstracted from repeated observation of other’s behavior
A) Exemplars.
C) Impression.
B) Implication.
D) Abstractions
34) Information Integration Theory was developed by
A) Norman Anderson.
C) Kelley.
B) Rotter.
D) Jones.
35) Internal attributions are often referred to as
A) Situational.
C) Dispositional.
B) External.
D) Correspondent inference.
36) Co-variation model of attribution was developed by
A) Jones.
B) Davis.
C) Kelley.
D) Heider.
37) In Johari window model, information about yourself that others know in a group but you will
unaware of it is known as __________.
A) Blind self.
C) Hidden area.
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B) Unknown area.
D) Open area.
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38) __________ refers to concrete example of behavior others have performed that are consistent
with a given traits
A) Abstractions.
C) Impression.
B) Exemplars.
D) Implication.
39) According to Kelley __________ is the extent to which the person behaves like this every time
the situation occurs
A) Consistency.
C) Consensus.
B) Distinctiveness.
D) Validity.
40) Which is true of social stereotypes?
A) They are always negative.
B) They tend to be rational.
C) Likable members of a rejected group are perceived as an “exception.”
D) University students show more evidence of ethnic stereotyping now than they did in the past.
41) Social psychologists and personality psychologists differ in that
A)
B)
C)
D)
Social psychologists use scientific experimentation while personality psychologists do not.
Social psychologists believe that individual differences do not contribute to behavior.
Social psychologists focus on the power of the situation to shape behavior.
Personality psychologists believe that the situation does not influence behavior.
42) The idea that we will protect our self-esteem by attempting to justify past behavior leads to the
prediction that
A)
B)
C)
D)
We will attempt to gather accurate information about our social world.
Expectations about the behavior of others can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy.
We will appreciate things that were easy to achieve over things that were difficult.
Choosing to go through an unpleasant experience will lead us to value the outcomes of that
experience.
43) People would be less likely to help a man who fainted in a busy shopping mall, but more likely
to help a man who fainted small convenience store. This behavior explains
A) Bystander effect.
C) Reciprocity norm.
B) Cognitive dissonance theory.
D) Social comparison
44) Internal and external attributions are distinguished in terms of
A) The locus of causality.
B) The co-variation model.
B) The dimension of illusory correlation.
D) Correspondent inference theory.
45) Jones and Davis suggest that we arrive at a correspondent inference by processing three kinds of
information. Which of the following is not one of the three they suggest
A) Multiple instances.
C) Choice.
Social Psychology
B) Social desirability.
D) Non-common effects.
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46) The advantages of the co-variation model compared to correspondent inference theory are that it
can account for __________ instances of behavior and that it can explain __________ attributions as
well. The appropriate blanks are
A) Single, internal.
C) Multiple, internal.
B) Single, external.
D) Multiple, external.
47) The fundamental attribution error is thought to occur due to
A) Familiarity.
C) Conformity.
B) Perceptual salience.
D) Diffusion of responsibility.
48) The actor observer-bias states that we are more likely to make __________ attributions or our
own behavior and __________ attributions for someone else’s behavior. The appropriate blanks are
A) Internal, internal.
C) External, internal.
B) Internal, external.
D) External, external.
49) According to the self-serving attribution bias, when you have just failed a test you are most
likely to make what kind of attribution?
A) Internal.
B) External.
C) Either internal or external are equality likely. D) Not make any attribution.
50) There is a perspective in social cognition that suggest that perceives are reluctant to expend
cognitive resources and look for any opportunity to avoid doing so. This perspective is known as
A) The cognitive miser perspective.
C) The native scientist perspective.
B) The motivated tactician perspective.
D) None of the above.
51) They are time-saving mental shortcuts that reduce complex judgements to simple rules of
thumb. They are quick and easy, but can result in biased information processing. They are known as
A) Biases.
C) Errors.
B) Heuristics.
D) None of the above.
52) The tendency to judge the frequency or probability of an event in terms of how easy it is to
think of examples of that event is known as
A) The availability heuristic.
C) The false-consensus effect.
B) The representativeness heuristic.
D) The actor-observer bias.
53) The tendency to exaggerate how common one’s own opinions are in the general population is
known as
A) The availability heuristic.
C) The false-consensus effect.
Social Psychology
B) The representativeness heuristic.
D) The actor-observer bias.
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54) The process of understanding what something is by knowing what other things it is equivalent
to, and what other things it is different from” describes the process of
A) Individuation.
C) Illusory correlation.
B) Categorization.
D) Differentiation.
55) __________ __________ describes the belief that two variables are associated with one another
when in fact there is a little or no actual association. The appropriate blanks are
A) Illusory correlation.
C) Correlated categories.
B) Illuminated correlation.
D) Shared distinctiveness.
56) Behavior that is valued by others in a particular culture is known as:
A) Prosocial behavior.
C) Altruism.
B) Helping behavior.
D) None of the above.
57) Helping behavior:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Is defined as behavior that only benefits others and does not benefit the self
Includes actions that only benefit the self
Includes actions that benefit others and the self in the same instance.
None of the above.
58) Which of the following normative beliefs provides an explanation for why we have a tendency
to help others?
A) Social responsibility.
C) Audience inhibition.
B) Diffusion of responsibility.
D) Bystander apathy.
59) The belief people have that the world is a fair place where good things happen to good people
and bad things happen to bad people leads perceivers to be:
A) More likely to help others.
B) Less likely to help others.
C) More likely to help those who are not responsible for their situation.
D) None of the above.
60) When an individual observes another person in an emergency and actively decides to help that
person, this is known as
A) Bystander apathy.
C) Diffusion of responsibility.
B) Bystander intervention.
D) Audience inhibition
61) The failure to act in an emergency due to concern over what other people will think of you
and/or because you think the situation isn’t an emergency because no-one else is reacting is known
as
A) Audience inhibition.
C) The bystander calculus model.
Social Psychology
B) Diffusion of responsibility.
D) Costs of helping.
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62) Which of the following people are less likely to help?
A) Those with an altruistic personality.
C) Those with high dispositional empathy.
B) Those with an internal locus of control.
D) Those who are low in social responsibility.
63) In general __________ moods __________ helping behavior. The most appropriate blanks are
A) Good, decrease.
C) Bad, decrease.
B) Bad, increase.
D) Good, don’t influence.
64) The idea that if we empathise with someone in need we are more likely to help them is known
as
A) The helping oneself hypothesis.
C) The affect-priming model.
B) Egotistic helping
D) The empathy-altruism hypothesis.
65) The state of arousal that is victim-focused, involving feelings of sympathy and compassion for
the sufferer, is known as
A) Reciprocity.
C) Personal distress.
B) Empathic concern.
D) Altruism.
66) A perceiver is more likely to feel empathy when the victim is
A) Similar to them
C) Crying
B) Female
D) Stupid
67) The term that describes our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in relation to other individuals is
A) Intergroup relations.
C) Affiliation
B) Interpersonal relation
D) Attraction
68) The idea that our need for affiliation is satisfied by aligning our desire for privacy with our
actual level of contact is outlined by the
A) Dialectic principle
C) Privacy regulation theory
B) Optimization principle
D) Social affiliation model
69) People generally prefer other people whose faces are
A) Asymmetric.
C) Small
B) Symmetric
D) Oval
70) The matching hypothesis says that couples who are matched in terms of __________ will be
better suited to one another
A) Attractiveness
B) Intelligence
C) Hobbies and interests
D) Number of other friends
Social Psychology
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71) The way in which we compare ourselves to others in order to provide our attitudes and behavior
with validity is known as:
A) Social competition.
C) A self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Social comparison
D) An evolutionary explanation
72) The idea of complementarity suggests that a perceiver may find someone who is powerful
attractive because __________. The most appropriate blanks are
A) They are weak
C) Powerful people are always attractive
B) They are not powerful
D) None of the above.
73) Knowing that another person likes us might increase our attraction to them via
A) Social comparison.
C) A self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Social cognition
D) Mere exposure
74) Scientific research in social psychology began around the end of the
A) 1600’s
C) 1800’s
B) 1700’s
D)1900’s
75) Relative to individuals with low self-esteem, individuals with high self-esteem are
A)
B)
C)
D)
Less likely to benefit from social comparisons.
More likely to react to rejection violently
More likely to have realistic appraisals of themselves
More likely to engage in self-handicapping.
76) Which of the following is least characteristic of research in social psychology between the
1930s and 1950s?
A)
B)
C)
D)
The use of experimentation in research
An emphasis on the application of social psychology to practical concerns
An integration of social and cognitive processes that determine behavior
Attention to the topics of conformity and prejudice
77) Sociologists tend to study behavior at the __________ level, whereas the social psychologists
study behavior at the __________ level.
A) Interpersonal; cultural
C) Social; cognitive
B) Specific; general
D) Group; individual
78) What factor does not initiate attraction?
A) Long distance
C) Similarity
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B) Physical attractiveness
D) Feeling liked
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79) According to the text, geographical nearness is
A) Closeness
B) Nearness
C) Proximity
D) Immediacy
80) The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after the rater has repeatedly exposed to them is
A) The novel stimuli effect
C) The repeated exposure effect
B) The mere-exposure effect
D) The nonsense effect
81) Which of the following is supported by research on social attraction?
A) Distance makes the heart fonder.
C) Opposites
B) Beauty and brains are equal
D) Familiarity produces fondness
82) The tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are similar in attractiveness
and other traits is
A) The partner effect
C) Similarity phenomenon
B) The attractiveness effect
D) Matching phenomenon
83) The presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits is the
A) Attractiveness effect
C) Reciprocity effect
B) Physical-attractiveness stereotype
D) Matching phenomenon
84) Opposites attract is an aspect of the
A) Matching phenomenon
C) Complementary hypothesis
B) Reward theory of attraction
D) The ingratiation effect
85) A motive to increase another’s welfare without conscious regard for one’s self-interests is
A) Empathy
C) Altruism
B) Reciprocity
D) Personality trait
86) The theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards is
A) Social-exchange theory
C) Reciprocity theory
B) Social-interaction theory
D) Social norms theory
87) A motive to increase one’s own welfare is
A) The illusion of control effect
C) Self-efficacy
B) Achievement motivation
D) Egoism
88) An expectation that people will help those who have helped them is
A) Social norm
C) Reciprocity norm
Social Psychology
B) Social-responsibility norm
D) Restitution norm
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89) An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them is
A) Social-responsibility norm
C) Dependent norm
B) Reciprocity norm
D) Social norm
90) The idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one’s close relatives to enhance the
survival of mutually shared genes is
A) Evolutionary altruism
C) The close relatives effect
B) Kin selection
D) The mutually shared genes effect
91) The finding that a person is less likely to help when there are other people around is
A) The bystander effect
C) The situational effect
B) The reciprocity effect
D) The negative empathy
92) Which of the following moods is most likely to motivate altruism?
A) Depression
C) Guilt
B) Grief
D) Anger.
93) According to the text, people are likely to help when
A) Other people are around
C) They are depressed
B) They feel happy
D) They are well educated
94) From an evolutionary perspective it would be most difficult to explain why
A) Someone risked his life to help a stranger
C) Someone risked his life to help his father.
B) Someone paid his daughter’s hospital bill
D) Someone risked his life to help his daughter
95) The degree of attraction among group members relates to the dimension of
A) Compatibility
C) Cohesiveness
B) Structure
D) Conformity
96) Attribution theory concerns our tendency to explain our behavior and that of others
A)
B)
C)
D)
By external causes rather than internal causes
By inferring causes on the basis of internal or external factors
By internal rather than external causes
Based on personality factors.
97) Physical proximity increases attraction because it
A) Increases frequency of contact
C) Establishes common norms
Social Psychology
B) Enhances social comparisons
D) Reduces development of incompatible roles
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98) Negative attitudes that are tinged with fear, hatred, or suspicion is a definition of
A) Prejudice
C) Discrimination
B) Authoritarianism
D) Displaced aggression
99) Interpersonal attraction is encouraged by which one of the following?
A) Personal space
C) Competition
B) Proxemics
D) Similarity
100) When making the “attribution error,” we tend to overestimate the importance of __________
in judging the behavior of others.
A) Personal factors
C) Intelligence
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B) Situational factors
D) Motivation
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ANSWER KEY
1
B
26
C
51
B
76
C
2
C
27
A
52
A
77
D
3
A
28
B
53
C
78
A
4
B
29
C
54
B
79
C
5
D
30
A
55
A
80
B
6
C
31
B
56
A
81
D
7
D
32
B
57
C
82
D
8
D
33
D
58
A
83
B
9
C
34
A
59
C
84
C
10
D
35
C
60
B
85
C
11
B
36
C
61
A
86
A
12
C
37
A
62
D
87
D
13
D
38
B
63
C
88
C
14
A
39
A
64
D
89
A
15
B
40
C
65
B
90
B
16
D
41
C
66
A
91
A
17
B
42
D
67
B
92
C
18
C
43
A
68
C
93
B
19
B
44
A
69
B
94
A
20
D
45
A
70
A
95
C
21
A
46
D
71
B
96
B
22
A
47
B
72
B
97
A
23
D
48
C
73
C
98
A
24
B
49
B
74
C
99
D
25
A
50
A
75
B
100
A
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Social Psychology
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