Limerick
Social Service
Council
Comhairle Sheirbhís Sóisialta Luimnigh
Identifying
the Needs of
Communities
in Limerick
Report
Commissioned to Facilitate
the
Future Planning of the
Limerick Social Service
Council
promoting dignity and
growth of all people
Report Prepared by Mary O’Sullivan
Limerick
Social Service
Council
Comhairle Sheirbhís Sóisialta Luimnigh
Limerick is a place of many contrasts – two neighbouring communities can exist side by side but reflect a
range of different social realities. However, in both communities there is a common spirit that shows
many people who are willing to work hard and sacrifice for future generations. For some segments of the
population, the Limerick of affluence and the Limerick of disadvantage is, at times, two sides of the same
coin where many families face the same challenges to ensure their children have a decent environment
and the best possible start in life. The Limerick Social Service Council works across all community and
social divides to help all families to face those challenges.
The photographic imgaes throughout this report are examples of some of the various sides to Limerick’s
communities, both in terms of affluence and disadvantage.
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
THANK YOU
The Limerick Social Service Council wishes to thank all those who have helped with this research by participating in interviews and surveys and
contributing information and views. In particular we are grateful to the Author, Mary O’Sullivan, the Assistant Researcher, Ann Brosnan and to
Max McClure for the community photographs.
The Council is also grateful to the HSE for funding this research and for the long term support for the Council’s services.
This is a summary of a more extensive research study, undertaken in 2007 which will become available on the Limerick Social Service Council
website in due course. Data contained therein will be update regularly.
DD
Altamira Apartments
Counselling Service
Crèche
Services for Older People/Community Sisters
Family Advocacy Service
Parent Support Programme Limerick
Pre-school Service
Sonas
ii
Contents
Limerick
Social Service
Council
Comhairle Sheirbhís Sóisialta Luimnigh
Foreword by Donal Murray, Bishop of Limerick
Preface
iii
iv
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Aims and Objectives
1.3 Methodology
1
1
2
2
CHAPTER 2
Social Determinants of Health & Well-Being
3
CHAPTER 3
Social Profile of Limerick
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Population
3.3 Vulnerable Children
3.4 Families
3.5 Education
3.6 Minority Groups
3.7 Housing
3.8 Crime
3.9 Conclusions
6
7
7
8
8
10
12
15
18
19
CHAPTER 4
Consultation
4.2 The Family Survey
4.3 Consultations With Service Users
4.4 Consultations with Service Providers and Professionals
4.5 Conclusion
20
21
25
28
31
CHAPTER 5
Conclusions
32
References & Further Reading
Limerick Social Service Council
36
DD
Foreword by Bishop of Limerick
This research is an important development in the history of the Limerick Social Service Council.
The Council was originally established in response to a perceived need by individuals, families
and communities in Limerick at a time when other services were unavailable. Since that time,
much has been achieved by the Council and by a range of other organisations throughout the
City and County.
However, in spite of significant advancements in health and social care, this research also draws
attention to indicators which show that many individuals and families still experience poverty,
disadvantage, ill-health and social exclusion in Limerick today. The format of their suffering and
deprivation may have changed over the years but their needs remain equally pressing.
The research highlights that the growth of individualism and geographical mobility have created
a life for many families that is less supportive and more demanding. The effects of stress and
isolation have become acutely visible in many areas in Limerick. Of particular note is the
situation of parents and families with children of all ages. The task of raising children is seen to
be exceedingly hard for those parents who are young with limited family or community supports
and networks. The research also underlines that while many parents living in a deprived area
are excellent parents, the quality of the social environment can certainly make the task of
parenting more stressful.
The challenge for services like the Limerick Social Service Council is to be in constant touch with
those who experience the greatest need. A simple but effective way to do so is to engage and
consult directly with people. This research is therefore valuable as it documents needs at first
hand through direct feedback from families throughout the City and County. This methodology
helps to ensure that information is current, relevant and practical. By actively involving users in
identifying their own needs, services can be planned in the most appropriate and effective ways.
I hope that this research will contribute to the important work already undertaken by the
Limerick Social Service Council and will build upon the valuable knowledge base it has
developed since its establishment. In a changing economic climate with increasing competition
for funding allocations, effective information will be even more vital to ensuring resources are
targeted where they are needed most. I wish to acknowledge all those who have participated
in this research and to those who continue to work to promote the aims of the Council.
Donal Murray
+ Bishop of Limerick
iv
Limerick
Social Service
Council
Comhairle Sheirbhís Sóisialta Luimnigh
Preface
The Limerick Social Service Council, like many other agencies in the
Community and Voluntary sector are faced with ever changing
challenges to ensure it is responsive to its service users and to the
communities in which it works.
In its many efforts to do this, it must continuously inform itself of
the needs of those individuals and communities so that it can tailor
its services to match those needs. This is not something, however,
which can happen overnight - it requires an on-going commitment
and clarity of purpose. This research was instigated as part of this
commitment and is an important effort to ensure future services by
the Limerick Social Service Council are planned with relevant
information and data. It will also help in pointing the Council in
the direction of improvements to existing services.
As this research highlights, needs are constantly varying and for
many, needs are becoming increasingly complex. In this context,
the Council also recognises that the findings from this research will
require regular updates to ensure responses continue to be
relevant and therefore effective. In line with recognised best
practice, this type of research will thus become an integral part of
the Council’s strategic process.
The Council has for many years worked successfully in partnership
with other agencies in Limerick and gratefully acknowledges the
HSE funding for this project. It is hoped that the findings of this
research will also be of benefit to those and other similar agencies
that are working to support families and communities in the City
and County. Improved communication and information-sharing
with other agencies is acknowledged by the Council as being a key
mechanism to strengthening the Community and Voluntary sector
generally in Limerick and ultimately, to promoting greater capacity
within services and more positive outcomes for its target groups.
This research is welcomed by the Limerick Social Service Council. It
helps us to better understand the individuals, families and
communities that we serve so that resources can be more
effectively channeled to those who need them most.
Flanan O’Neill
Chairman
Report Prepared on Behalf of the Limerick Social Service Council, 2008
Limerick
Social Service
Council
Comhairle Sheirbhís Sóisialta Luimnigh
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.
Introduction
1.1.1 The Limerick Social Service Council (LSSC) was established in 1967 as a local initiative by the
Roman Catholic Church to provide services to meet the social needs of families and
communities. At that time, a number of parishes in Limerick were characterised by a serious
lack of resources where many families were identified as being in need of personal support
and help. As in other parts of the country and in response to such needs, social service
councils like the LSSC emerged as a significant development within the voluntary sector and
formed important building blocks of the community care system that exists today.
Since the time of its establishment and throughout the difficult economic period in the
eighties and nineties, the LSSC continued to work with communities providing crucial
supports to families and individuals of all ages. While the impact and benefit of its services
in many cases remain undocumented, nevertheless, it is widely perceived that the work of
the LSSC has been crucial for numerous families and individuals in both crisis situations and
with on-going chronic problems.
Today, the LSSC is acknowledged as a major provider of personal social services in the
Mid-West region and has adopted the following mission statement:
Limerick Social Services Council through a caring response, aims to promote the
dignity and growth of individuals, families and groups.
1.1.2 One of the main contributing factors for the agency’s success is believed to be how its staff,
volunteers and Council members, over the years, have been enthused to make a major
personal commitment to the LSSC’s mission and to a shared purpose of working for the most
vulnerable in Limerick’s society.
The LSSC currently employs approximately 80 staff members and receives the assistance of
over 100 volunteers and funding from the HSE, from other statutory bodies and through its
own fund-raising activities such as FÁS, the Crisis Pregnancy Agency, the Family Support
Agency, the Dept of Education and Science, Pobal and the Limerick City Council. The LSSC
has developed an extensive range of services for families, children, young people, adults
and the elderly from a variety of backgrounds and for those in particularly vulnerable
circumstances.
Such services include a crèche and pre-school facility for toddlers and young children; a
Young Parents' Support Programme; a Community Mothers’ Programme; pre-natal
residential accommodation; residential accommodation with educational programmes for
young mothers with their babies; a counselling service; an advocacy service and support
group for parents of children in care; a Family Conference Co-ordinator; and support services
for the elderly.
A number of self-help groups meet at the LSSC Centre and the LSSC also shares its premises
with other voluntary and statutory groups, including the HSE, which uses the centre as a
local venue for the delivery of such services as aftercare and youth homelessness, family
therapy and child psychiatry. A CURA service is also based at the LSSC Centre.
1.1.3 Each service initiative undertaken by the LSSC has been developed in response to what has
been perceived to be the unmet needs of a number of vulnerable client groups. In recent
years, this has been assisted by the drawing up by the LSSC of its strategic plan 2006-2011,
which places greater emphasis on the use of evidence-based data in determining priorities,
reviewing existing services and planning for the future. A parallel approach has been
adopted by the HSE which supports regular assessments. This study is therefore of mutual
benefit to both agencies in identifying where gaps existed in service provision and how
resources can be better used to support children and families at an interagency level.
Limerick Social Service Council
2
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.2
Aims and Objectives
1.2.1 The aim of the research is to identify and analyse existing and emerging unmet needs for
people in Limerick City and County in the areas of health and personal social services with a
particular focus on the needs of children and families. ‘Needs’ are understood within the
context of poverty, health inequalities and social exclusion. In line with the HSE’s child care
services, ‘services’ relate to family support services, prevention, early intervention and
protection services. The research approach involved an examination of the following:
1.3
•
the socio-economic environment of communities in key urban and rural areas of Limerick
within the context of the social determinants of health and poverty;
•
the current policies and responses provided by the health and social services locally and
nationally;
•
the challenges for statutory, voluntary and community services currently and in the
future to ensure successful outcomes for local communities;
•
recommendations for possible interventions by the Limerick Social Service Council in
relation to the findings of the needs assessment.
Methodology
1.3.1 The research adopted a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods with an explicit
focus given to the client participation/user involvement. In so doing, the research
complemented the quantitative data analysis and ensured input from both LSSC service
users and residents of a number of communities in the research geographical area. The
research involved a three-strand approach as follows:
•
A literature review examining discussions relating to the social determinants of health
within the context of a voluntary agency;
•
A review of the SAPS 2006 National Census per DED of Limerick City and County and
other relevant satistics;
•
Surveys and semi-structured interviews involving a sample of families, service users and
service providers in Limerick City and County.
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
Limerick
Social Service
Council
Comhairle Sheirbhís Sóisialta Luimnigh
CHAPTER 2
Social
Determinants
of Health &
Well-Being
4
CHAPTER 2
Social Determinants of Health & Well-Being
2.1.1 This section of the research presents an overview of the social determinants of ill-health and
social exclusion and the wider implications of poverty and it looks at the linkages between
social, mental and physical health.
Numerous reports have highlighted that poverty, poor housing, social isolation, the physical
environment as well as behaviour, diet and lifestyle must be taken into consideration when
examining health determinants of children, families and communities. Recent policy also
acknowledges that no one category can be viewed in isolation from another as children live
in families and families within communities. This ecological approach allows attention to be
paid to the interconnectedness of child/family and community life and the importance of
the impact that one has on another and the linkages that exist between the three.
2.2.1 Child care and family policy1 has been developing steadily since the early 1990’s. An
important product of this process to date is the development of a child-centred focus where
the child is placed at the centre of the picture. (Quin et al,1999). A central theme that
emerged with the Child Care Act, 1991 was that the welfare of a child was to be regarded as
the first and paramount consideration in all situations relating to children, a principle that
underpins all child care and family policy since.
In this context, policies have stressed that young children also need to spend their time in
caring and responsive environments with opportunities to explore their world, to play, and
to socially interact with others. Policies recognise that parents, their carers and communities
should be supported to provide these opportunities for their children.
The UN International Year of the Family in 1994 catapulted ‘the family’ into the policy arena
and this is evidenced in the impetus towards policy development relating to families since
then. In 1996 ‘The Commission on the Family’ was set up and in 1998 ‘Strengthening
Families for Life’ set out future policy developments that would strengthen families in Irish
society. ’Family well-being’ was identified as the main goal informing policies and service
developments and recognised that family and the community are central to the fabric of
society as a whole.
2.2.2 The social context in which these policy initiatives have happened and are happening is a
rapidly changing one. Irish society, in general, has experienced economic developments,
social and demographic changes, migration, cultural changes, technological changes,
changing employment patterns, quest for individualism and quest for gender equality and
more. While some of these changes have been beneficial and have created opportunities
for families and communities, they have also created new pressures.
New pressures combined with low income, relationship problems, depression, alcohol abuse,
physical and mental ill health can bring families to breaking point (Commission on the
Family, 1998).
While the one parent family is the fastest growing family type in Ireland due to the
continuing rise in births outside of marriage and the increased rate of marital breakdown,
the one-parent family is also a high-risk group for poverty2.
1
2
3
Key legislation regarding children from
the 90s: Children’s Act, 1997; Family
Law Act, 1995; Family Law (Divorce)
Act, 1996; Domestic Violence Act, 1996;
Child Care (Placement of Children in
Foster Care) Regulations, 1995; Child
Care (Placement in residential care)
Regulations; 1995 Child Care
(Placement with relatives) Regulations,
1995; Child Care (Pre-School Services)
Regulations, 1996; Children Act, 1997;
Protections for Persons Reporting Child
Abuse Act, 1998; Protection of Children
(Hague Convention) Act, 2000; Children
Act, 2001; Ombudsman for Children Act,
2002.
McCashin, 1996;
Women’s Health Council, 2003; Combat
Poverty Agency, 2004
Interlinked with poverty and lone parenthood are factors such as non participation in the
labour market, poor educational attainment and welfare dependency. Reduced family
income and limited opportunities to work creates financial uncertainty and additional
problems for families. Moreover, the vast majority of lone parent families are headed by
women, who have been found to face a higher than average risk of poverty and therefore a
higher risk of ill-health3.
Quality of life issues such as stigmatisation, loneliness and the pressures of parenting alone
also contribute to poor health and wellbeing. (Combat Poverty, 1997, 2006;) A recent HSE
Report entitled ‘Health and Social Well-being in the Mid West’ identified teenage pregnancy
and the rise in lone parent families as routes to poor socio-economic health outcomes for
both parents and children. (HSE, 2004).
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
5
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
2.3.1 In seeking to address these pressures facing families, a range of national policy documents
such as the National Development Plan 2007-2013 and local policy reports such as the
Fitzgerald Report 2007, draws attention to the significant benefits of helping children and
families through community services and the importance of investing in local communities
as a means of tackling social exclusion and disadvantage. In terms of how the community
can play a role in promoting health and well-being, the research also refers particularly to
the 2001 Primary Care Strategy which established the concept of the Primary Community
and Continuing Care (PCCC) within the HSE, a development that promotes the partnership
and networking between health services and community and voluntary agencies.
2.3.2 The starting point therefore for this research is a look at the community and how the
quality of the social environment in which children grow up and families live has a
significant bearing on children’s development and welfare and for the overall health of both
children and adults. It accepts that parents, particularly parents at vulnerable stages in the
family life cycle, cannot always provide strong nurturant environments without help from
services and often, an individual service alone is not enough.
Therefore, this report’s principal contribution is to identify the areas in Limerick that could be
identified where the health and well-being of families and children may be deemed to be at
higher risks than in other areas; where gaps exist in the availability of essential services to
respond to those needs, and where services like the LSSC can focus its resources in future
service planning.
Limerick Social Service Council
Limerick
Social Service
Council
Comhairle Sheirbhís Sóisialta Luimnigh
CHAPTER 3
Social Profile of
Limerick
DD
7
CHAPTER 3
Social Profile of Limerick
3.1
Introduction
This Chapter provides an overview of Limerick City and County based on data primarily from
the 2006 Census statistics and secondly, from other relevant local and national reports. The
purpose of this analysis is to identify key characteristics in areas of Limerick with reference
to selected indicators as identified in the previous chapter. These relate to the general
population, child population, vulnerable children, families and lone parenthood, education,
minority groups, housing and crime.
3.2
Population
3.2.1 Change in population or age structure has implications for health and social services
nationally and the population in Ireland has been growing steadily in the past decade4. The
rising trend is set to continue with the expectation5 that by 2021 the population will have
reached five million. The Mid-West region is expected to increase by 8.1%6.
The 2006 Census registers Limerick City’s population as 52,539 which was a marginal
decrease (2.7%) on the 2002 figure. Compared with other cities in the country, only
Limerick City and Cork City were the two cities in the State that registered a population
decrease7 during this period. County Limerick on the other hand has the highest population
within the Mid-West region. In the 2006 Census, an 8.4% increase brought the number of
persons living in the County up to 131,516 compared with 121,281 persons in 2002.
3.2.2 Of particular interest to this report is examining the demographics of an area by age. The
younger age groups constitute the largest proportion of the population, with over a third of
the population in both City (36.3%) and County (36%) being under 25 years. The 25-44
years olds comprise a little over 30% of the population in the City and 23% in the County.
The 65 years and over group form over 12% of the population of Limerick City and 10% in
the County.
In 2006, 22% of the City’s population was under 18 years. However, Galvone B, Kileely A,
John’s A, Prospect B and Ballynanty EDs (see page 42 for location of EDs) all demonstrate
above 30% of their population as being under 18 years and above the City average. A
similar analysis was applied to the County which include the Limerick suburbs Ballycumin,
Ballysimon, Limerick North Rural, Roxborough and Ballyvarra. In line with the total Limerick
population (City and County combined), 24% of the county’s population was under 18 years
of age, amounting to 32,078. However, a number of EDs had notably higher ratios such as
Ballybracken, Roxborough, Patrickswell and Cappamore with over 27% of their population in
the under 18 year cohort.
3.2.3 Within the child population there are further differences when broken into the pre-school,
primary school and adolescent cohorts. The City breakdown shows a fairly consistent
division across the three age bands with 6% of the total City comprising 0-4 year olds,
6% of the City were 5-9 year olds and 6% were 10-14 year olds. It was 7% across these
age bands in the County. The smaller age cohort, 15-17 year olds, resulted in a 4% of the
City and County populations.
At ED level, Galvone B, John’s A and Abbey B had over 9% of their totals in the 0-4 year old
cohort compared with 6% of the City. Galvone B and Rathbane had 10% of their totals in
the 5-9 year old age band.
In the County, Ballybricken (10.5%) and Ballycummin (8.5%) showed particularly higher
concentrations of 0-4 year olds; Ballybricken had also the highest concentration (9.2%) of
5-9 year olds; Roxborough (9.8%) and Cappamore (8.5%) had high proportions of 10-14
year olds.
Limerick Social Service Council
4
5
6
7
The population of Ireland in 2002 was
3,917,203 and in 2006 it had increased
by 8.1% to 4,234,925.
(projected increase using Scenario M1F2
– CSO, 2005a)
The projected growth for the Mid-West
is predicted at 70,000 (1%) up to 2021.
(CSO, 2006)
The fall in population was likely due to:
adult children leaving the family home,
urban renewal schemes and
regeneration projects involving the
demolition of older housing.
(Finfacts, 06)
8
3.3
Vulnerable Children
3.3.1 Within the context of this report, data in relation to specific categorise of children were seen
to be of particular value to identifying areas of need. These categories relate to children
who come to the attention of the HSE Child Protection Services, children where there are
welfare concerns and children whose family situation becomes so difficult that they are
placed in care.
In 2006, the number of child protection reports to the HSE Social Work Department was 953
of which 902 involved an initial assessment. Almost 70%, of those assessed comprised
cases where the primary reason for reporting was welfare concerns. 306 cases that were
assessed for welfare concerns were substantiated. In 2006, 302 children and 194 families
were offered a service from the HSE Social Work Service. The number of children admitted to
care in 2006 was 103 of which almost a third was due to ‘neglect’ and a further 50% was
due to family problems.
3.3.2 The proportion of children who were admitted to care at one year of age and younger
amounted to over 21% of the total admissions reflecting the pressures placed on parents
with the arrival of a new baby. Moreover, the increased risks of being placed in care for
children from lone parent type families is also borne out by the number of children in care
by family type at point of admission. This is shown in Figure 1 which shows that over 63%
of children in care were from lone parent families in 2006.
Figure 1: Children in Care by Family Type, Limerick 2006
139
139
61
61
19
19
Lone Parent
Couple
Other
(Source: HSE 2006 Interim Dataset)
3.4. Families
3.4.1 From the 2006 Census data, there were 29,770 households comprising families in
Limerick. Of these, almost 7,900 were in the City and almost 21,900 in the County. The
number of family units was 32,048 units which would indicate that in a number of
situations, an individual household could contain more than one family unit. Most family
units (74%) comprised between one and two children. 2% of family units comprised five
children or more.
The breakdown by family type of households with families shows that 78% of all
households with children comprised at least two adults i.e. a co-habiting /married couple.
22% comprised children with a lone mother or lone father. The breakdown by family type in
the City showed that there were 34% of households comprising children with a lone mother
or lone father whereas this figures was 18% in the County (Figure 2).
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
9
Figure 2: Limerick City & County Households with Children by Family Type, 2006
Other
Other
82%
82%
Other
Other
66%
66%
Lone Parent
34%
Lone Parent
34%
Lone Parent
18%
Lone Parent
18%
City
County
(Source: CSO, 2006)
3.4.2 Given the particular vulnerability of lone parent families, particularly where the
lone parent is female with above average risk levels of disadvantage, poverty and ill-health,
the following is of interest in identifying areas where there are high concentrations of
female lone-parent families in Limerick. The EDs in Limerick City and County with the
highest numbers of families headed by lone mothers are outlined in Table 1.
Table 1: Limerick City & County Lone Mother Family Units by ED, 2006
ED
Ballynanty
Galvone B
Rathbane
Abbey A
Singland B
Killeely A
John's A
Singland A
Family Units
406
195
166
166
152
140
139
139
As % of Total Family Units in ED
51%
56%
48%
20%
19%
44%
54%
39%
ED
Family Units
As % of Total Family Units in ED
Ballycummin
Limerick North Rural
Ballysimon
Newcastle Urban
Castleconnell
Abbeyfeale
Kilmallock
(Source: CSO, 2006)
Limerick Social Service Council
472
370
200
171
99
93
88
19%
29%
15%
27%
19%
21%
23%
10
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
3.4.3 A further dimension to the vulnerability of parenting is the age of the parent to take on the
responsibilities of caring for others. While many young people are adequately mature and
equipped to deal with the responsibilities of family life, many are less likely to have
acquired the economic stability to maintain a household without some or a number of
external supports. The following illustrates the percentage of young mothers within the City.
Figure 3: % of Young Mothers (Aged below 20 Years) 2004-2007, Limerick City
% of Young Mothers (Aged below 20 Years) 2004-2007
20
17%
17%
17%
16%
9%
10
4%
4%
Mid West
Limerick
0
Rathbane
Galvone B
Prospect B
Ballynanty
John’s A
(Source: HSE 2008)
3.5
Education
3.5.1 The research recognises the link between educational disadvantage, poverty8 and as an
important determinant of health and well-being. In a recent Annual Report, the United
Nations ranked Ireland in the top 20 countries in the world based on Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) regarding education levels, adult literacy and life expectancy (United Nations, 2001).
In spite of these statistics, research has clearly shown that the benefits of the Irish economy
in recent years have not been evenly distributed across Irish society. At a local level a
review of studies into disadvantage in Limerick City depict ‘chronic’ area-based educational
problems, such as early school leaving, non-attendance, discipline issues and adult literacy
needs9.
Behavioural problems, absenteeism / truancy are part of the interlinking complex routes to
early school leaving. McCafferty & Canny (2005) point out that housing has an impact on
educational attainment. Their survey of local authority housing estates in Limerick City show
high percentages of ‘early school leavers’ in these areas. This finding is echoed in
McCafferty’s (2005) profile of Limerick City which pointed to a correlation between low
socio-economic status, poor educational attainment and local authority housing.
8
9
Kellaghan et al, 1995; Combat Poverty
Agency, 1999, 2003; Clancy, 2005
Nolan et al, 2005; McCafferty & Canny,
2005; McCafferty, 2005; Fitzgerald 2007;
Finneran, 2000; Curriculum
Development Unit, 1996, 2003
3.5.2 Within this context, the following Census data provides an outline of educational attainment
per ED in Limerick City together with an indicator of employment status for the same areas.
From this data, a number of EDs typify the link between educational attainment and
environment. In particular, Ballynanty illustrates the highest number of people (855) who
ceased education at 15 years with only a primary level education. Furthermore, Ballynanty
also saw the highest number, 262, within the unemployed category yet only 68 persons had
completed their education at or above 3rd level. In contrast, Castle D had a significant
number of persons who completed 3rd level education yet the same ED illustrates the
lowest number of persons with only a primary school education or in the unemployed
category.
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
11
Table 2:
Persons in Limerick City Aged 15 Years and Over whose Full-time Education
Ceased by Highest Level of Education Completed & by Unemployed Status, 2006
Area
No Formal
At Primary
Prof Qualification Unemployed
Education
Level
And/or 3rd Level
Limerick City
158
7698
5086
7698
6
855
68
855
Killeely A
1
457
22
457
Galvone B
12
426
26
426
Rathbane
3
406
27
406
Abbey D
5
385
61
385
Abbey A
9
367
617
367
Singland A
2
348
42
348
Singland B
4
338
240
338
Galvone A
Ballynanty
14
299
66
299
Ballinacurra B
3
245
117
245
Coolraine
1
136
227
136
Castle A
1
125
213
125
Abbey B
4
120
271
120
Dock A
Ballinacurra A
Castle D
7
115
364
115
13
59
427
59
2
40
496
40
(Source: CSO, 2006)
The following figure also highlights areas of particular concern regarding early school leaving.
Figure 4:
% of Early School Leavers 2006, Limerick City
55.4%
46.3%
42.6%
42.2%
33.7%
22.2%
17.9%
State
Limerick City
(Source: HSE, 2008)
Limerick Social Service Council
Rathbane
Galvone B
Prospect B
Ballynanty
John’s A
12
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
3.5.3 Data relating to County Limerick, however, illustrates a trend that is not as obviously clear
cut as in the City, possibly reflecting the rural and agricultural environment, when data for
the EDs in County Limerick is conveyed as a percentage (Figure 3), it is more clear that areas
where persons had no formal education or ceased education at primary school level e.g. in
Rathkeale Urban, there was a greater proportion of persons in the area that were also
unemployed. The same is seen with the area (Ballysimon) with the highest proportion of
persons having completed a professional qualification or 3rd level degree, the unemployed
percentage is much lower here than in other areas.
Figure 5: Persons in Limerick County Aged 15 Years and Over whose Full-time Education Ceased,
by Economic Status & Highest Level of Education Completed, 2006
100%
90%
100%
80%
100%
70%
100%
60%
100%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
ick
er
Lim
l
ll
n
n
le
in
ra
ck
ra
on
ne
ba
ba
m
ar
lo
ea
Ru
al
m
Ur
Ur
sim
yf
yv
on
l
h
u
c
y
e
l
m
t
e
e
l
c
l
e
l
r
b
n
Ba
stl
Ki
lly
stl
Ba
Ab
No
ba
ca
Ba
Ca
th
w
ick
Ra
er
Ne
Lim
ty
un
Co
No formal education
Primary Educ Only
m
oo
Cr
Prof Qualif & 3rd level
e
ar
Ad
h
ut
So
l
a
ra
rin
Ru
Cla
e
l
st
ca
w
Ne
Unemployed
(Source: CSO, 2006)
10
11
12
Assimilist policies is aimed at
‘absorbing’ Travellers into the
mainstream of ‘settled’ society. This
approach has been replaced by a policy
of respect for ethnic cultures (including
the culture of the Travelling
Community). Also there is growing
recognition and appreciation that
‘identity and belonging is vital to
everybody, and is equal to physical
wants and needs’.
(Fountain, 2006, p 27)
Other Acts include: Children’s Act
(1991); Housing (Traveller
Accommodation) Act (1998); Housing
(Miscellaneous Provision) Act, Section
24 (2002); Education and Welfare Act,
(2000).
Fountain, 2006; Cabinet Committee on
Social Inclusion, 2006; Fay et al, 2005.
3.6
Minority Groups
3.6.1 Much has been said, written and reported on the health status, health inequalities,
poverty, discrimination and social exclusion of the Travelling community in Ireland. It is
argued extensively that policies of assimilation in the 1960’s and until recent years have
exasperated and institutionalised the marginal position of this group of people. Efforts to
counteract the negative impact of such policy is clearly manifest in equality / anti
discriminatory legislation such as the Employment Equality Act, (1998) and the Equal Status
Act, (2002). Despite a strong anti-discriminatory agenda and framework, there is still much
ground to be covered to ensure respect for difference, equality in education and
accommodation, improved health status and also access and uptake of training /
employment of the Travelling community in Ireland.
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
13
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
3.6.2 Health status figures in the 2006 Census reveal continued low life expectancy, and
problematic age structure. Those aged over 65 in the general population amounted to 11%
in the 2006 Census, compared to those of the Travelling community at 2.6%. The national
average for those aged 15 years and less compared unfavourably to that of Travellers with
two in every five Travellers under the age of 15. (CSO, 2006) The difference in the age
structure of the Travellers (i.e. a substantial younger population and relatively small older
population) is arguably attributable to higher birth rates and mortality rates among the
Travelling People. However it is agreed that interlinking social and economic processes are
central to understanding Travellers’ poor health status14.
3.6.3 Results from the 2006 Census suggest that there are 22,435 travellers in the State,
representing 0.5% of total population. However, other estimates indicate that the number
of Travellers in Ireland may be over 30,00015. According to the 2006 Census, there were 271
(140 Male, 131 Female) Travellers resident in Limerick City. When including the data for
suburbs and environs, this figure rose to 386 Travellers.
Data by ED according to the 2006 Census showed 0.52% of the total City population
comprising Travellers. Kileely A and Galvone B EDs had notably higher concentrations than
the City average with 3.8% and 2.8% respectively.
There were 1,158 (532 male, 626 female) Travellers resident in County Limerick and 469
families16. The main locations where Travellers reside includes Abbeyfeale, Askeaton, City
Environs, Kilmallock, Newcastle West and Rathkeale. Traveller families are also located in
Athea, Ardagh, Banogue, Bruree, Cappamore and Patrickswell. Rathkeale Urban ED has the
highest concentration compared with both County and the City averages with 27.92% of the
ED comprising Travellers. Abbeyfeale ED follows with 7.21% and Newcastle Urban with
3.09%.
3.6.4 Ireland’s change from being a homogenous society to a multicultural one has occurred
recently and rapidly. The term ‘new communities’ i.e. migrant workers - EU and non-EU
workers, Programme Refugees, Convention Refugees, Asylum Seekers, Undocumented
Immigrants, with a further category being the returning Irish emigrants has been used to
describe these new arrivals. (Rourke, 2003)
These ‘new communities’, spread throughout Ireland, add a range of cultural, ethnic and
religious diversity previously not experienced in Ireland on such a scale. For some, within
these groups, the change is monumental with language presenting a major barrier to
integration. Most health and social services have been developed throughout the years with
the majority population in mind. The challenge in Ireland nationally is to develop services
that take into account the ‘new communities’ that avail of services, to ensure equality of
access and quality of services. (NCCRI, 2007)
The 2006 Census provides an indication17 of the national diversity in Ireland. The
nationalities in Ireland include: the UK (103,500), EU 25 (38,400), rest of Europe (14,700),
Africa (21,000), USA (11,400), other countries (11,200). A Census question asked for the
first in 2006 related to ethnic or cultural background. Results from this showed
unsurprisingly the dominant category to be White (95%). Asian or Asian Irish accounted for
1.3%, while Black or Black Irish accounted for 1%.
3.6.5
13
In terms of the local profile, the following tables provide a breakdown of groups by ED
areas. Some EDs in the City show a significantly larger cluster of non-Irish nationals than
others. Of note are Dock A and Dock B, the Market, Abbey A and Abbey B. In the County,
Ballycummin, Ballysimon, Newcastle Urban and Rural, and Limerick North Rural.
14
15
16
17
Limerick Social Service Council
These complex factors include: poverty;
inadequate accommodation; poor
sanitation on halting sites; low uptake of
medical services, e.g. dental care; lack
of availing of preventative health
treatments; a lack of basic health
education; and racial discrimination
resulting in poor access to services’
(Traveller Health Strategy Statement and
Action Plan, 2002, p12)
Traveller Health Strategy Statement and
Action Plan, 2002-2005
(Limerick County Council, 2005)
Ibid
It is suggested that non national
statistics exceed those shown in the
Census.
14
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Table 3: Usually Resident Population by Ethnic or Cultural Background, Limerick City 2006
Geographic
Area
White
Irish
White
Other
Irish
White
Traveller
Black /
Black
Irish
Asian /
Asian
Irish
Other
Not
stated
Total
Dock A
762
2
827
184
132
80
43
2030
Market
763
0
364
37
69
45
79
1357
Abbey A
4082
0
345
12
55
37
23
4554
522
2
207
30
30
29
15
835
1680
36
196
27
40
18
26
2023
Shannon A
182
1
159
2
30
18
20
412
Custom House
236
1
154
14
48
14
23
490
Ballinacurra A
1705
22
129
10
15
26
15
1922
286
0
117
8
4
11
6
432
3617
27
106
2
37
26
29
3844
Abbey C
408
1
102
25
13
19
14
582
Shannon B
298
0
99
34
32
12
14
489
Dock D
726
0
90
48
38
11
7
920
Dock B
Abbey B
John's C
Singland B
(Source: CSO, 2006)
Table 4: Table 4: Usually Resident Population by Ethnic or Cultural Background, Limerick
County 2006
Geographic
Area
White
Irish
Other
White
White
Irish
Traveller
Black /
Black
Irish
Asian
Other
/ Asian
Irish
Not
stated
Total
12878
18
1599
516
496
262
277
16046
Ballysimon
9372
51
920
109
212
116
95
10875
Newcastle Urban
3165
119
433
7
23
44
64
3855
Limerick Nth Rural
6517
76
295
68
48
63
127
7194
Newcastle Rural
1631
2
212
6
6
27
27
1911
Ballyvarra
3718
5
196
17
51
22
36
4045
Adare South
1462
0
163
1
26
13
30
1695
Abbeyfeale
2079
178
108
0
35
29
40
2469
Castleconnell
2426
0
100
5
6
20
36
2593
Kilmallock
1964
61
99
1
9
14
36
2184
Rathkeale Urban
940
395
62
0
0
7
11
1415
Askeaton West
900
24
49
2
10
7
6
998
1436
25
33
2
12
3
9
1520
925
11
32
0
6
0
14
988
1287
53
32
6
22
14
7
1421
Ballycummin
Patrickswell
Bruree
Limerick Sth Rural
(Source: CSO, 2006) White
Black
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
15
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
3.7
Housing
3.7.1 ‘Shelter is …. one of the most basic of human needs’18. Poor housing conditions is linked to
ill health, underachievement in education through inferior study circumstances,
unemployment, stigma, employability (e.g. implications of living at a particular address),
lack of services, all of which partly present a picture of disadvantage and poverty19. The
Department of the Environment, Heritage & Local Government’s ‘Statement of Strategy,
2005- 2007 key objective is
‘to enable every household to have available an affordable dwelling of good quality, suited
to its needs, in a good environment and, as far as possible, at the tenure of its choice.’
Concern for social equity is expressed in the Department’s stated commitments to look after
the housing needs of vulnerable groups including the elderly, disabled, homeless and
Travellers. A key policy aspiration is that the provision of affordable and suitable housing
should be part of the bigger picture of combating poverty, social exclusion and resulting
health problems. Part of this capacity building has been the introduction of the Social
Inclusion Units embedded within the Local Authorities. Traditionally, Local Authority
Agencies’ sole remit was to provide accommodation. However, as poverty and social
exclusion are synonymous with Local Authority Estates, expanding the role of Local
Authorities to tackle both social exclusion issues and other social concerns has occurred. A
key component within this development is the adoption of an interagency approach which
involves working alongside other agencies such as voluntary groups, the HSE, etc.
3.7.2 Social housing in Limerick City has become widely recognised as a significant issue in terms
of disadvantage and social deprivation. As stated in the Fitzgerald Report 2007,
‘of the approximately 18,900 houses in the City Council area, 8,000 were constructed as
social housing. Limerick is unique in having such a high concentration of social housing
within the city boundary, and this in turn poses certain unique problems and challenges for
the city and the region.’ The report had highlighted specific local areas in Limerick that
required immediate attention such as areas of the North City to include Moyross, areas of
the South City, St Mary’s Park and Ballinacurra Weston.
The following table provides 2006 Census data on households in the rented sector such as
Rented from Local Authority and Rented from Voluntary Body. This data also includes
Occupied Free of Rent which may also be viewed within the disadvantaged grouping.
18
19
Limerick Social Service Council
Silke, 1999
Silke, 1999; McCafferty et al 2005.
16
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Table 5: Households Rented from Local Authority & Voluntary Body, 2006
City EDs
As % of ED
County EDs
As % of ED
Galvone B
48%
Ballylanders
28%
Custom House
47%
Knocknascrow
22%
Ballynanty
46%
Ballycummin
21%
John's A
45%
Caherconlish West
20%
Killeely A
37%
Kilmoylan
19%
John's B
36%
Kilflyn
19%
Abbey C
36%
Croom
19%
Prospect B
32%
Shanagolden
19%
Killeely B
32%
Kilmallock
18%
Rathbane
29%
Bruree
18%
John's C
27%
Monagay
16%
Shannon A
27%
Abbeyfeale
16%
Market
27%
Adare South
16%
Dock C
25%
Hospital
16%
Dock A
22%
Kilfinnane
15%
Shannon B
22%
Fedamore
14%
Prospect A
22%
Tobernea
14%
Glentworth C
20%
Dromcolliher
14%
(Source: CSO, 2006)
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
17
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
3.7.3 A number of other indicators of social need have also been used to illustrate particular areas
of disadvantage. Households without cars or central heating access are also useful indicators
of affluence or disadvantage within the City and County.
Figure 6: Households in Limerick without Central Heating, 2006
9.3%
15.6%
19.6%
46%
33%
29%
46%
10%
20%
22%
19%
88.1%
81.8%
79.2%
51.5%
63.5%
68.7%
50.7%
87%
79.6%
77%
79%
State
Limerick
City
John’s A
Limerick
County
Hospital
Kilfinane
Glin
Rathbane Galvone B Prospect B Ballynanty
Yes
No
(Source: CSO, 2006)
Figure 7: Households in Limerick without Cars, 2006
64%
59%
60%
47%
47%
38%
30%
24%
23%
Newcastle
Urban
Abbeyfeale
14%
Limerick City Rathbane
Galvone B
(Source: CSO, 2006)
Limerick Social Service Council
Prospect B
Ballynanty
John’s A
Limerick
County
Rathkeale
Urban
18
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
3.8
Crime
3.8.1 There is a general awareness of the effect that crime can have on individuals, families and
communities20 and as with many social problems, those affected by crime are also
vulnerable to other social deficits e.g. poverty, social exclusion, dis-advantage21 and
particularly ill-health. Fear associated with intimidation or personal insecurity is a major
stressor and can contribute to poor health outcomes22. Exposure to domestic violence23,
family violence24 and community violence25 has the potential to negatively impact on the
behavioural, emotional, social and cognitive development of children. Moreover, fear of
crime can also significantly reduce the independence and social life of older people which,
may lead to depression and isolation. The effects of crime are far reaching with the high
health related costs being a major concern26.
3.8.2 Data in relation to crime is based on the statistics as compiled by An Garda Siochana but was
not available by ED. The number of headline crimes nationally increased by 1.4% in 2006 i.e.
from 102,258 recorded crimes in 2005 to 103,710 in 2006 with 2005 registering a 3%
increase. Table 6 outlines a sample of headline offences recorded for Dublin and Limerick in
2005 and illustrates notable statistics for ‘Homicide’ in Limerick City.
Table 6:
Households Rented from Local Authority & Voluntary Body, 2006
Drugs
Homicide
Location
Burglary
155
(100%)
3,064
(100%)
26,400
(100%)
Dublin City
73
(47%)
1,651
(54%)
10,897
(41%)
Limerick City
32
(20%)
109
(3.6%)
900
(3.4%)
Limerick Co.
6
(4%)
21
(.06%)
470
(2%)
Cork City
1
(.06%)
114
(.04%)
856
(3%)
State
(Source: Annual Report of an Garda Siochana, 2006)
From the following table, burglary and robbery offences in 2004 where firearms were used
registered an 18% decrease at national level. However, Limerick registered a 46% increase
for this same period. Limerick also registered an increase of 25% on burglaries compared to
6% nationally. A 50% increase occurred in Limerick for thefts from shops and unattended
vehicles compared to a drop in such crimes nationally (-2%). A similar trend was registered
for non-headline offences where proceedings commenced in 2005, Limerick saw a 24%
increase whereas the national increase was 12%.
21
22
23
24
25
25
Berhmar, 1999
Van Doorslaer, 2001, Barrington, 2004
Domestic violence definition = refers to
violence between intimate partners,
including marital partners, cohabiting
partners, and former partners, as well as
non cohabiting dating couples.(Berhmar,
R.E. 1999, p2)
Family Violence definition ‘encompasses
a broad set of familiar relationships,
includes child maltreatment, elder
abuse, violence between siblings, and
intimate partner abuse. (Berhmar, R.
1999, p2)
Witnessing violence / crime such as
shootings, drug related crime,
intimidation and so on can be a
common enough experience in some
Limerick City communities. (Fitzgerald,
2007)
University of Birmingham, 2000
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
19
Table 7:
Households Rented from Local Authority & Voluntary Body, 2006
Location
State
Southern
Region
Limerick
Location
% Change
% Change
% Change
155
3,064
46%
Burglaries
73
1,651
25%
Thefts from shops & unattended vehicles
32
109
50%
Non-Headline Offences
(where proceedings commenced)
6
21
24%
Unauthorised Taking of Vehicles
1
114
Data n/a
Aggravated Burglaries & Robberies
(where firearms were used)
(Source: Annual Report of an Garda Siochana, 2006)
3.8.3 While statistics provide a snapshot of the problem, they fail to convey the ‘complete’
picture of those living in communities where a high prevalence of crime and disorder exists
and where quality of life is severely hampered. The recent Report by John Fitzgerald (2007)
captured the magnitude of the problem of criminality and deprivation within some of the
Limerick City communities.
3.9
Conclusion
3.9.1 This Chapter utilises a number of social indicators as a means to profile Limerick’s
communities on a geographic basis. Within this framework, the findings show a number
of areas that illustrate densities of children and young people, families, households
headed by lone parents, low education levels, unemployed, local authority housing and
minority groups. While there are limited data available per ED regarding crime, other
reports such as the Fitzgerald Report 2007, has highlighted the concerns regarding crime
in Limerick City and the concentrations of factors such as unemployment, poor
educational achievement and general depravation. Data in this Chapter is based on
secondary sources and although it may be limited in the range of information made
available, it forms an important foundation for the findings in the remainder of the
report.
Limerick Social Service Council
Limerick
Social Service
Council
Comhairle Sheirbhís Sóisialta Luimnigh
CHAPTER 4
Consultation
21
CHAPTER 4
CONSULTATION
4.1
4.2
The chapter presents the findings from a number of surveys and consultations undertaken
with
• Families in Limerick;
•
Service users;
•
Service providers and other professionals.
The Family Survey
4.2.1. In total, 200 adults participated from 200 families in seventeen areas in the City and the
County. The survey involved one-to-one structured interviews covering respondents’
perceptions of the adequacy of services for children and families, their awareness of services
provided by the LSSC and the need for additional services in their locality.
The methodology used convenience sampling and responses cannot be taken as
representative of the population but should be viewed as a snapshot of householders views
in each of the survey areas.
Figure 8: Responses on Service Satisfaction, Services Required, Key Issues
Issues re Support for Carers
Issues re Support for Parents
Perceived Isolation / Lack of support within area
Issues re Drug abuse/Alcohol problems - adults
Anti-social behaviour in young people
Issues re Drug/Alcohol abuse - young people
Priority for services for adolescents
Priority for services - school-going age
Priority where services required - pre-school age
Satisfied with services for adolescents
Satisfied with services for school-going age
Satisfied with services for pre-school age
00%
10%
0.1
20%
0.2
30%
0.3
40%
0.4
50%
0.5
60%
0.6
70%
0.7
80%
0.8
4.2.2 Generally, the majority of respondents expressed a moderate degree of satisfaction with
services for children and young people in their localities. Satisfaction was the highest for
services for children in the pre-school age group and responses by individual areas showed
marked differences with the highest levels of satisfaction emerging in Castleconnell,
Corbally, Caherdavin, Kilmallock and Croom.
A number of respondents had identified their low level of satisfaction with the lack of
specialist services for the primary school age group particularly for children with behavioural
problems with no additional supports for the child within the school or for the parents of the
child.
The differences between the areas regarding responses on the teenage category were less
evident and the overall satisfaction rating was much lower across all the areas compared
with the other age categories. Most ratings were in the 40-50% range of satisfaction and
the need for support and activity services for teenagers was consistently voiced across all
areas. Parents stated their concerns that where teenagers were not involved in sports, there
was very little places for them to go.
Limerick Social Service Council
22
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Table 8:
Satisfaction Levels Regarding Children’s & Young People’s Services by Area
Area
Services for
Pre-school
Age
Services for
School Age
Services for
Teenage
Ballynanty/ Thomondgate/ Farranshone
67%
60%
47%
Islandgate /St Mary’s
53%
40%
40%
Corbally
80%
80%
40%
City Centre/ Glentworth/Dock
47%
33%
47%
Ballinacurra Weston/ Prospect
70%
70%
50%
Rathbane/Janesboro
70%
60%
40%
Garryowen
60%
60%
40%
Dooradoyle / Fr Russell Road
53%
53%
47%
Caherdavin (City)
80%
90%
60%
Castletroy/Monaleen
67%
47%
53%
Annacotty
60%
60%
40%
Raheen/Ballycummin
33%
40%
47%
Kilmallock
80%
50%
30%
Abbeyfeale
70%
60%
50%
Patrickswell
60%
60%
50%
Croom
80%
50%
40%
Castleconnell
90%
70%
40%
4.2.3 The following Tables 9 and 10 provide a summary of responses on the key issues that
people felt were a concern for residents generally in their areas. It should be noted that
these concerns may not have been an issue for the individual respondent but rather it was
how the respondent viewed their area and the problems for other neighbours.
In terms of adult’s drug abuse and alcohol problems, the overall rating was 55%. The focus
of this topic was broader than the illegal use of drugs and included questions on addiction
problems generally, and perceived dependency on prescription drugs and alcohol.
Responses covered perceptions on the need for services to help adults deal with this issue in
their locality. Respondents stressed that the misuse of drugs and/or alcohol can be used as a
coping strategy by families in dealing with family crisis or conflict and therefore services that
would address these underlying issues would be more beneficial than a specific focus on the
addiction problem. Respondents also highlighted the need for affordable or free addiction
counselling and the establishment of support groups that promote healthy lifestyles.
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
23
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Table 9:
Issues Raised Regarding Young People’s Behaviour & the Misuse of Alcohol & Drugs
Area
Drug Abuse
Drug/Alcohol Anti-social
Behaviour in /Alcohol
Abuse re
Young People Young People Problems re
Adults
Ballynanty/ Thomondgate/ Farranshone
40%
47%
47%
Islandgate /St Mary’s
53%
47%
67%
Corbally
50%
40%
40%
City Centre/ Glentworth/Dock
47%
27%
47%
Ballinacurra Weston/ Prospect
80%
80%
70%
Rathbane/Janesboro
70%
80%
70%
Garryowen
60%
80%
80%
Dooradoyle / Fr Russell Road
33%
33%
60%
Caherdavin (City)
50%
80%
60%
Castletroy/Monaleen
27%
33%
40%
Annacotty
30%
50%
40%
Raheen/Ballycummin
27%
33%
53%
Kilmallock
50%
70%
70%
Abbeyfeale
40%
30%
60%
Patrickswell
40%
60%
60%
Croom
30%
50%
40%
Castleconnell
30%
40%
60%
4.2.4 Responses to questions regarding perceived isolation or a lack of support within areas were
highlighted by respondents for a particular number of groups. While some respondents
stated that they were very happy living in their area and commended the support they
knew was available from their neighbours and from local services, they also acknowledged
that there were particular vulnerable groups who they perceived as being very isolated.
Respondents who were resident in the newer housing estates had mixed responses with
some stating that there was a degree of unity or camaraderie with other residents i.e. they
were all starting out together in a new area at the same time. A significant number,
however, stated that with no communal facilities in their neighbourhood it was almost
impossible to make contact with other families ‘as most couples are out of the estate
working all day’. Some had stated that in the event of an emergency, they would not know
what house to go to for help as it was unlikely that anyone would be in. Other respondents
had highlighted that in rural areas, older people and women with young children were very
isolated particularly those with limited access to transport.
The rating in this category regarding isolation or a lack of support in the community varied
across the areas and reflected the various factors that were specific to the rural /urban
breakdown, and to the age and socio-economic profile of particular estates.
Limerick Social Service Council
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Introduction
4.2.5 The issue regarding ‘service support for parents’ follows closely to issues relating to isolation
and interviews focused more specifically on the more ‘vulnerable parent’ such as the lone
parent, the parent with a new baby, the parent on welfare or low income, parents within
minority groups, etc. Many respondents were aware of at least one household where a
woman was parenting alone (unmarried or separated) and over a third of respondents
themselves were currently in this situation or had been in the recent past. The general
response was that the isolation experienced of being a lone parent together with the
‘constant struggle’ to manage employment and the care of children created enormous
stress.
The rating in relation to the need for parent support was highest compared with all other
issues. The recurring type of support that was required related to support for parents with a
new baby, support for parents dealing with children (of all ages) with challenging behaviour,
support for parents recently moved to Ireland from non-English speaking countries, support
for parents experiencing relationship difficulties and support for parents with teenagers.
4.2.6 Finally, responses were compiled regarding support for carers. A number of respondents
were acutely aware of the difficulties and the lack of formal supports for carers in the
community. The increased difficulty for parents caring for young children and elderly or ill
parents at the same time was cited as a critical issue for some families.
Table 10: Issues Raised Regarding Support within the Community
Area
Support for
Parents
Support for
Isolation/
Lack of Support Carers
within the
Community
Ballynanty/ Thomondgate/ Farranshone
73%
47%
67%
Islandgate /St Mary’s
80%
33%
33%
Corbally
70%
60%
70%
City Centre/ Glentworth/Dock
53%
73%
40%
Ballinacurra Weston/ Prospect
80%
50%
50%
Rathbane/Janesboro
90%
60%
50%
Garryowen
70%
70%
60%
Dooradoyle / Fr Russell Road
87%
53%
53%
Caherdavin (City)
70%
60%
60%
Castletroy/Monaleen
60%
47%
47%
Annacotty
60%
80%
60%
Raheen/Ballycummin
80%
60%
53%
Kilmallock
70%
50%
60%
Abbeyfeale
80%
70%
60%
Patrickswell
70%
60%
70%
Croom
60%
70%
50%
Castleconnell
60%
60%
50%
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
25
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
4.3
Consultations With Service Users
4.3.1 Twenty-seven individuals were interviewed exploring how well services in Limerick
responded to their needs and the needs of their families. The interviewees were drawn from
a sample of service users who availed of services dealing with children, young people and
families in Limerick City and County.
Questions focused on the extent that the needs of individuals and families were being met
and the perceived gaps in services in Limerick in responding to those needs. Given the
range of interlocking needs that many of the service users were experiencing, it was
deemed impossible to capture the complexity of the issues for those with multiple and
multifaceted needs. Questions were therefore confined, as far as possible, to childcare and
family well-being issues. Feedback relating to services for people with severe and complex
learning disabilities or with severe and lasting mental health problems was not included.
Similarly feedback relating to services relating to education, housing or the criminal justice
etc. was also excluded.
The following is a summary of the findings and is broken into three categories:
4.3.2 Were Current Services in Limerick Adequate to Meet Needs?
A
Group A: Seven participants
(Mothers with Young Children)
Location: City & County
All of those interviewed were availing of a LSSC service which
they stated was a very important benefit for them as mothers
and in terms of promoting well-being within the overall family.
For these mothers who all stated that they had previously high
expectations and good intentions, parenting had at times
become a stressful experience and left them feeling
overburdened about the level of demands placed upon them.
Some stated that they frequently lacked the patience, energy or
time to meet all the needs of their children and they did not
know where to turn to seek help or advice. Some expressed that
they were better prepared to return to work or education as a
result of their involvement in the service.
Others stated that without the service, they would have been
unaware of where to obtain some very basic and relevant
information on health and social welfare entitlements. For those
with low levels of English, difficulties in accessing services and
information were cited as a major problem that was alleviated
through their contacts with the LSSC service.
The issues of isolation, low levels of confidence and self-esteem,
un-preparedness for parenthood and the awareness regarding
other relevant services were recurring needs for many of those
interviewed. In the absence of this service, it was felt that there
was little else where on offer in terms of basic parental guidance
and support. Opportunities for social interaction with other
parents and children were also seen to be limited in Limerick.
Parent and toddler groups were useful but limited in their
availability. Additional parks and playgrounds, and affordable
indoor recreational facilities, particularly during inclement
weather, were seen to be needed in most areas.
Limerick Social Service Council
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CHAPTER 1
Introduction
B
Group B: Nine participants
(Parents/Carers)
Location: City - Area of Disadvantage
Similar issues were raised by interviewees in Group B. These
respondents were availing of a similar service as that provided
by the LSSC but with a specific area identified as being of
significant disadvantage in Limerick. Within this environment,
interviewees highlighted the difficulties for them in accessing
services as few health and social care services are located
directly in their community. The prevalence of crime created a
sense of fear and affected their ability to travel to appointments
and raised safety issues for health and social care staff visiting
them in their own homes. It also compunded their feelings of
isolation.
Services were most frequently seen to be inadequate in
situations where the family had a number of problems with
complex and multiple causes. In such cases, family members
might be availing of a number of health and social services.
Interviewees complained of the disconnectedness between
organisations in responding to the family as an entity where
services tended to treat individual problems in isolation. While a
need might be met at one level or with one member of the
family, the failure of the system to approach needs holistically
and in an integrated way resulted in user dissatisfaction and
overall ineffectiveness in the long-term.
Many of the interviewees also stated their difficulty in navigating
through the various service systems within the statutory sector
which they felt were complex and frustrating. The issue of low
educational attainment and low literacy levels was also
particularly significant for this Group not only with respect to
their difficulties in accessing information but also in terms of
their confidence and capacity to understand and communicate
with professionals.
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
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CHAPTER 1
Introduction
C
Group C: Ten participants
(Mothers Experiencing Domestic Abuse)
Location: City & County
Service users in Group C were women who used one or more
social or health service in Limerick. While their primary
presenting problem of domestic abuse was the common factor
for these interviewees, they all experienced a range of other
problems as individuals and as parents with children. Given the
multi-faceted nature of the problem, the overall feedback from
interviews pointed to a serious lack of an integrated and
effective service response to all of these women. Each stated
that in the process of seeking help or being referred on to
another service, one or other issue was evidently lost. Due to
the tendency for agencies and professionals to work within
separate and discrete frames of reference, individuals' needs
were perceived as not being met.
Of those interviewed from outside the City, service users stated
that women in rural areas faced problems of access due to the
location of services and inadequate transport facilities. The
importance for outreach services where service users are visited
in their own homes was highlighted. Problems of access to
services were seen to be exacerbated for non-nationals, as
language difficulties and cultural differences made it difficult to
know who to contact or how to initiate a request for help.
In terms of the overall adequacy of services in Limerick, the
interviewees pointed to a lack of awareness and understanding
by most professionals in services regarding the complexity of
domestic abuse. Few services attempted to look beyond the
presenting problem and there was no uniform assessment or
response when domestic abuse was identified. Due to the
variety of services required by many of the women, there was
additional stress experienced in trying to seek out the various
relevant services, undergo the various necessary assessments as
well as managing everyday child care responsibilities.
Limerick Social Service Council
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CHAPTER 1
Introduction
4.4
Consultations with Service Providers and Professionals
4.4.1 Personnel from a range of agencies in the statutory, community and voluntary sectors were
contacted in the course of this project. Reports on local studies and any relevant datasets
were also requested in order to ensure that duplication of effort in terms of any local needs
assessment was avoided. The following are the key points expressed in relation to this
consultation process. The views are a composite of the general issues identified for Limerick
City and County but where possible, the needs for specific geographic areas are
documented. The issues are broken down into a number of categories with some overlaps
of issues being common to all target groups.
4.4.2 Are there Needs not being met by Services in Limerick and What are the Key Issues where
Inadequacies are Identified?
Babies /Pre-school Children & School-going /Pre-teenage Children
•
The lack of affordable childcare was cited as an issue in most areas.
•
Mothers with babies and very young children were identified as requiring particular
supports as many areas provided limited or no social supports for mothers and families
following the birth of a baby.
•
Given the crime and traffic situation in some areas, the safety of play for young children
on the streets and the need for safe public play facilities was cited.
•
The need for after-school and affordable activities during holiday periods was
highlighted.
Adolescents/Young People
•
General attitudes were characterised by a tension between sympathy for and concern
about teenagers. Youth crime-related problems and the link between areas of
deprivation and teenage crime, school drop-outs and low educational attainment were
common. While attention was drawn to a specified number of estates, the concerns
regarding binge drinking, drug misuse and unhealthy promiscuous behaviour was city
and countywide.
•
The vulnerability of the service users and the nature of the problems were intensified as
the age of the young people was lowering.
•
It was seen that some services and professionals lacked the understanding and
awareness of the ‘nature’ of the young person and highlighted the importance of
appropriate methods of communication and the development of trust between the
service user and service provider.
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
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CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Parents and Families
•
The need for additional home support for some very vulnerable families was cited and
supports such as the LSSC Community Mothers Programme was seen to be a potential
benefit in a number of areas. The demand for Parenting Skills Courses was prioritised
particularly for parents who have teenagers.
•
Isolation as a factor impacting on the health and wellbeing of families was identified as an
increasing problem for families in all areas, particularly for families who are caring for
children as well as caring for their elderly parents.
•
The employment status of the adults in a family can also impact considerably on the health
of the family as a whole. The pressures to combine the multi-tasks of parent, employee and
carer are reported to significantly contribute to the stress and ill-health of parents and
particularly mothers.
•
Agencies have cited an increased use or dependency on alcohol and smoking as being as a
result of these types of pressures. There was an increasing need identified for specialist
counselling services in dealing with issues such as substance abuse, addiction and
marital/relationship problems.
Minority Groups & Non- Irish Nationals
•
Language difficulties for non-Irish nationals is a problem for agencies who have limited
resources in terms of accessing appropriate translators – this was cited particularly in
reference to mothers with new babies and who are non-English speakers.
•
For families in the private rented sector and particularly young lone parents and families
who are non-Irish nationals on low incomes, interviewees stated that there were few
opportunities for these families to establish informal local networks within the communities
in which they lived. The need for outreach services for these groups was cited as essential
but also a challenge for agencies in terms of the difficulties for staff to contact the target
group was, at times, extremely difficult.
Women and Children in Domestic Abuse Situations
•
There appears to be a general lack of clarity on definitions of domestic violence in all
agencies surveyed and good practice guidelines and domestic violence policies are not
readily available. Although many agencies ensure that staff undertake some training at
some point in their employment, it does not appear to be updated regularly.
•
While agencies reported that they felt multi-agency working was the best approach,
difficulties exist when agencies do not collaborate with each other due to differences in
organisations’ practices and protocols.
Limerick Social Service Council
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CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Services Generally
• Problems of crime and order appeared to be more significant in local authority areas and in
some estates in particular within these areas, staff in agencies were also fearful sometimes
when working there. ‘After dark’ or during times when there were increased periods of
‘gangland incidents’, the provision of outreach services, relevant for particular target groups,
was a challenge for services.
•
There is a need for services to ensure a wider dissemination of information on parenting
themes and courses, on rights and obligations as service users, for carers about their rights
and options, about how to complain about a service and about how to gain access to
independent advocacy. For those with literacy problems and who are non-English speakers,
the methods of disseminating information should be frequently revised to ensure greater
awareness of and access to the relevant services that are available.
•
There was little evidence of structured user involvement in strategic planning generally in
city and county services. Staff in services contacted stressed that participation and user
consultation demand a great deal of effort and energy from staff and service users, which is
only worthwhile if the exercise is perceived as useful and not just a window dressing
exercise with decisions being taken elsewhere.
•
A 'silo mentality' restricts the effectiveness of inter-agency working which is essential for
those families considered to be vulnerable living in disadvantaged circumstance. People
with multiple needs are frequently passed between services, because they are assessed as
being 'too complex' or 'too challenging' for the service. Some voluntary agencies
complained of how they frequently were dealing with clients who had fallen between
agencies because the relevant statutory bodies could not work together where multiple
needs were diagnosed.
•
Families experiencing the most disadvantaged were seen to frequently require strategies for
the long-term. In these cases, strategies need to be flexible as the family dynamics change
and as needs vary. In such caseloads, funding streams and stability are critical to longerterm family support requirements.
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
31
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
4.5
Conclusion
4.5.1 This chapter provides an overview of the types of issues and areas that can inform the
LSSC in its future planning. The issue of isolation experienced by many families appears
to be widespread and combined with varying levels of poverty, social exclusion and poor
health, there is increasing risks of poor outcomes for many families in Limerick.
Serious social problems, lawlessness and gangland crime in some areas of the city has
meant that services are challenged to ensure that service users and particularly the ‘hard
to reach’ can access services within their communities. Accessibility to services is
therefore another identified issue in this chapter and relates not only to the City but also
to rural areas where there are limited transport facilities.
The needs of parents dealing with adolescents and the difficulties that adolescents
themselves experience are issues that face parents nationwide. However, for those
parents in Limerick where poverty, social exclusion and poor health are also issues,
services that target adolescents must also respond to the complexity of the adolescent’s
family background and the environment in which he/she lives.
The availability of information for all target groups on what services are available, what
these can offer, and how to access them was identified as requiring greater investment if
those who are in most need in the community are to seek and access the necessary
supports.
Finally, for most service users, a “joined-up approach” or “partnership working” is in
their best interests. While many service users may require a single service at any one
time in their lives, many others will have complex needs requiring a range of services to
address their needs.
Limerick Social Service Council
Limerick
Social Service
Council
Comhairle Sheirbhís Sóisialta Luimnigh
CHAPTER 5
Conclusions
33
CHAPTER 5
Conclusions
This research, commissioned by the LSSC, has sought to identify unmet needs in the Limerick
area. In the course of the project timeframe, an extensive consultation process was
undertaken in Limerick City and County with a range of stakeholders and in particular service
users and potential service users. This process sought to ensure a broad picture of the range
of issues and needs that impact on the health and well-being of individuals, families and
communities in Limerick.
Limerick City is known to be an area of social need, with a disproportionately high density of
local authority housing. Economic growth over the past 15 years has benefited some areas
of the City and County but has also had little impact on areas of deprivation and high social
need, leading to greater social and economic inequalities and a widening gap between the
haves and the have nots. Serious social problems, lawlessness and gangland crime in some
of the city’s housing estates have attracted national attention to Limerick and given it the
dubious honour of having the most socially deprived areas in the country which require
significant structural and community investment and interventions.
Broader changes in society have had a direct bearing on family life and the task of raising
young children is undoubtedly made harder if parents are inexperienced and young, with
few family and neighbourhood supports, low levels of educational attainment and reduced
life chances. While living in a deprived area does not make someone an inadequate parent,
it certainly makes the task of parenting more difficult.
The experiences of non Irish nationals, asylum seekers, refugees and economic migrants
entering the country in search of safety, security and prosperity has created new challenges
for agencies like the LSSC. Many people from ethnic minority groups feel an acute sense of
displacement, disorientation, insecurity and social isolation and experience problems of
integration and discrimination.
This research project has explored the link between poverty, social exclusion and poor
health. Overtime these factors can combine to increase risk of poor outcomes for family
members. In short, unhappy parents raise unhappy children and the cycle of deprivation is
likely to be repeated in subsequent generations unless it is arrested by positive
interventions or improved family circumstances.
Agencies such as the LSSC are at the forefront of making this happen. Its purpose and
function is to provide services that are responsive to the needs of disadvantaged and
marginalised groups and tackle the causes of hardship and adversity. For many families over
the years, raising children in Limerick in less than ideal circumstances, the LSSC has been a
crutch to call upon in times of need, and assistance has always been forthcoming. Recipients
of the LSSC Services reported that they felt listened to and respected and that they were
offered a service that left their dignity intact.
The Parent Support Programme, the Teen Parent Support Service and the Community
Mother’s Programme are examples of how universal services can be deployed to establish
contact with and support vulnerable new mothers many of whom experience isolation and a
sense of detachment from the world around them. The needs of parents dealing with
adolescents and the difficulties that adolescents themselves experience can also be
addressed through these services.
The LSSC has a long established counselling service which in recent years has expanded to
areas of County Limerick. This type of service, particularly as it develops, is vulnerable
groups identified e.g. families where members are dealing with addictions, marital
breakdown, relationship problems, stress and depression. Counselling for specific age
groups may also be considered e.g. adolescents, the elderly, etc in the future.
The Community Workers who have been working in seven parishes for a number of years
have also an important role in their support and encouragement to older people in dealing
with isolation.
Limerick Social Service Council
34
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
An overriding issue for service users and funders is that services are accessible in terms of
location, physical convenience, opening hours and appointment arrangements. The LSSC by
it central location in Limerick City, its recent structural improvements to its building and its
reputation of providing services at flexible times for service users is characterised as being
an accessible service.
This is particularly relevant for those living in rural areas and for those living in areas where
local transport is limited. As previously stated, the LSSC also offers a range of outreach
services that offer valuable alternatives and can complement the centre based service for
those most vulnerable and hard to reach.
A particular issue identified in course of the research was the relevance of the ‘whole
person’ approach to identifying and meeting needs rather than treating people's needs in
isolation. Again, the LSSC has advocated for a ‘whole needs approach’ in supporting
individuals and families and within the current range of LSSC services, can offer many
service users a whole package of support in a single access point or ‘one stop shop’.
The LSSC recognises that some service users will require a joined up approach and in this
context, the LSSC has endeavoured to work in partnership with a number of agencies, like
the HSE, in the community. However, it also recognises a number of challenges and
shortfalls for joint partnership working and has identified such mechanisms as common
assessment tools that should be considered for enhancing future arrangements between
agencies to develop a shared understanding and avoid replication.
Finally, it should be mentioned that in a research study undertaken in Limerick over forty
years ago at the time of the establishment of the LSSC, similar issues identified in this
current report were also documented. While significant advancements have been made in
society generally in terms of addressing social inequality, poverty and disadvantage, the
nature of existing problems is in essence fundamentally the same. Moreover, in addressing
the problems, the overriding approach to devising solutions is not too dissimilar to four
decades ago. As Ryan (1966) in his study of one particular housing estate in Limerick
concluded ‘if you are going to tackle the problem of Parkland in an empirical fashion, then
you must tackle parents and children together. They must be given a sense of well-being,
a sense of importance, and a sense of their own dignity’.
Services like the LSSC have moved on some way since it first opened doors. It has replaced
the outdated thinking of ‘tackling parents and children’ to one of working together as
partners. Moreover, through this research, it acknowledges the importance of services
having an information base in order that they are better equipped to understand the needs
of those they seeks to support. Within this context, the progressive thinking and leadership
that prompted the setting-up of LSSC in the sixties is evident today and will no doubt
continue to work in line with social justice in a bid to give hope and improve the lives of
Limerick’s most disadvantaged in the future.
The Future
The overall aim of this research was to examine the needs of communities in Limerick
within the context of how a service like the LSSC can respond to those needs and how it
can do so by working in close partnership with other agencies such as the HSE. The
research highlights that needs cannot be responded to in isolation but must also be
addressed by taking account of the social, economic and environmental factors that
generate the needs or determine poor health in the first place.
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
35
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Arising from the themes that have been identified in this report, a number of recommendations are
proposed which promote the current LSSC scope and strategy, and which are therefore viable and
achievable activities in the short- and medium-term and a means to sustain success into the future.
Area
Recommendations
PARENT SUPPORT
Investment in the Parent Support Programme, the Teen Parent Support Service
and the Community Mother’s Programme should be continued and extended
to respond to a clearly identifiable need in the population.
COUNSELLING
The availability of counselling services throughout the City and County should
continue to be supported and more extensively promoted. The need for
personal support such as counselling services was extensively highlighted
where factors such as isolation, relationship difficulties, parenting problems,
alcohol and drug abuse are increasingly impacting on the health and
wellbeing of individuals and families.
ADVOCACY SERVICE USERS
This research has highlighted the importance of ensuring that service users
are consulted in all matters that affect them. The LSSC should continue to
assist the most vulnerable segment of service users and their families through
its advocacy service for families with children in care. The LSSC as an
independent advocate can be a valuable interface between the family and
children’s services by helping families and children articulate their needs and
concerns and to develop methods of moving individual issues into a collective
agenda and a collective voice.
ADVOCACY COMMUNITIES
The LSSC through its daily work within communities and based on its
extensive network and connections is in a unique position to develop the
understanding and knowledge base of the needs of communities from a
range of perspectives. It could therefore become more established as the
‘watchdog’ on issues and needs of Limerick communities at local and countywide levels.
INTEGRATION
OF SERVICES
The provision of a range of services by LSSC enables service users to avail of
an integrated package of care under ‘one roof’ whereby the complex nature
of their needs can be identified and addressed. The ability of the LSSC to offer
such packages from a central location (either in-house or by outreach) in
addition to its connections to other relevant statutory and community services
means it is strategically placed to be a central hub of information for other
services as well as users and the general pubic. It is recommended that this
position should be further strengthened by the LSSC taking a leadership role in
the community and voluntary sector by promoting a ‘whole systems’ and
standardized approach to assessment, referral and service delivery. This
should be devised to follow the principals underpinning the current HSE
Primary Care model.
TRAINING
The investment in staff, an organisation’s most important asset, is essential for
any agency or organisation committed to promoting quality services. An
essential dimension to this investment is the provision of staff training aimed
at ensuring appropriate levels of knowledge and skills so that service-users
receive the best outcomes. It is recommended that all staff and volunteers
have the qualifications and/or training to deliver services at a recognised
level while at the same ensuring they are committed to the ethos and values
of the LSSC.
Limerick Social Service Council
Limerick
Social Service
Council
Comhairle Sheirbhís Sóisialta Luimnigh
References &
Further
Reading
37
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Limerick Social Service Council
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CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Curriculum Development Unit (2003) Working Together Project Interim Report, Limerick: Curriculum
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39
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
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40
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Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
41
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Limerick Social Service Council
42
ELECTORAL DIVISIONS (EDs)
Electoral Divisions (EDs) are the smallest legally defined administrative areas in the State for which Small Area
Population Statistics (SAPS) are published from the Census. There are 3,440 legally defined EDs in the State. The
following are some of the key Limerick EDs with some of the corresponding streets see (www.CSO.ie for full listings):
ABBEY A
Corbally, Lower Park (Pt), Old Park Road, Abbey Lock, Student Village Grove Island,
Fisherman's Quay Grove Island, Ard Na Luachra, Lockmills Grove Island
ABBEY B
Canal Bank (Pt), Clare St. (Pt), Dublin Road (Pt), Rhebogue Road, St Lelia Place, Cherrydale
Court (Dublin Road), Clareview Ave., Upper Clare St., Plassey Walk, Saint Lelia St
ABBEY C
Broad St. (Pt), Clare St. (Pt), Davitt St., Johns St. (Pt), Lock Quay, Mitchell St., New Road
(Pt), St Lelia St., Grattan Court, New Road (St Johns Gate) (Pt), Pennywell (Pt),
Roxtown Terrace, Johns Gate Village
ABBEY D
Cathedral Court, Downey Ave., Flood St. (Pt), Garryowen Road, Good Shepard Villas, New
Road (St Johns Gate) (Pt), Newcastle View Terrace, Pennywell Road (Pt),
Roxtown Terrace, Sarsfield Ave., Sarsfield Court, The Gables, Kilmurry Ave. & Road
CUSTOM HOUSE
Arthurs Quay, Bank Place, Broad St. (Pt), Charlotte's Quay, Cornmarket Row, Denmark St.,
Ellen St., Francis St., High St. (Pt), Michael St., Mungret St. (Pt), Patrick St., Robert St.,
Rutland St., St Michaels Court
SINGLAND A
Singland Ave., South Claughaun Road, Singland Park, Fairgreen, St Patricks Road,
Churchfield, Singland Crescent, Greenhill Road, Pike Ave., East Singland Road (Pt), West
Singland Road, St Lawrences Park
SINGLAND B
Aspen Gardens, Dublin Road (Pt), Norwood Park (Pt), Singland Road (Pt), Childers Road,
Ballysimon Road
MARKET
Barrack Lane, Brennan's Row (Pt), Cathedral Place (Pt), Chapel Lane, Parkview Terrace,
Garryowen Villas, Lower Gerald Griffin St., Johns Square, Johns St. (Pt), Markets Field
Terrace, Mulgrave St. North (Pt), Mungret St. (Pt), Old Windmill Road, Rossa Ave., Sean
Heuston Place, Upper William St.
GLENTWORTH A
Carey's Road (Pt), Upper Gerald Griffin St., Hyde Road (Pt), Little Wickham St., Parnell St.
(Pt), Roxborough Road, Sexton St., Upper Careys Road, Upper William St.,
Wickham St. (Pt), Presentation Court, Glasgow Park
GLENTWORTH B
Marian Ave., Marian Drive, Marian Place, Mc Donagh Ave. (Pt), O'Donoughue Ave. (Pt),
Pearse Ave. (Pt), Roxborough Road (Pt),
GLENTWORTH C
Ballyclough Ave., Carey's Road (Pt), Garryglass Ave.- Hyde Ave. (Pt), Hyde Road (Pt)
PROSPECT A
Byrne Ave. (Pt), Hyde Road (Pt), Lenihan Ave. (Pt), Talbot Ave.
DOCK B
Barrington St., Bowman St., Bowman St., Catherine Place, Emmett Place, Grennan Villas,
Hartstonge Place, Hartstonge St., Lord Edward St., Upper Mallow St.(Pt), O'Connell Ave.,
St Josephs St.
DOCK C
Barrack Hill, South Circular Road (Pt), Clonard Terrace, Lord Edward St., Mount Pleasant
Ave., O'Connell Ave. (Pt), St Alphonsus Terrace (Pt) Quin St., Westland Terrace, Wolfe Tone
St. (Pt), Sarsfield Park, Kickham Ave., Lord Edward Court, Quins Cottages
BALLINACURRA A
Ballinacurra Road (Pt), Ferndale, Ballinacurra Terrace, Boreen Na Tobar,
Circular Road South (Pt), Greenpark Villas, Lifford Ave., Lifford Gardens, New St.
BALLINACURRA B
Ballinacurra Road (Pt), Greenfields, Greenmount Ave., Oakview Drive
GALVONE A
Bawnmore Road (Pt), Cedar Court, Galvone Road (Pt), Linden Court, Roxboro St, Colbert
Ave, Marian Ave, O'Donoughue Ave (Pt)
GALVONE B
Clonlong Halting Site, Galtee Drive - Donough O'Malley Park, Lilac Court
Identifying the Needs of Communities in Limerick
43
Limerick Social Service Council
Limerick
Social Service
Council
Comhairle Sheirbhís Sóisialta Luimnigh
Limerick Social Service Centre,
Upper Henry Street, Limerick
Tel:
Fax:
Email:
Web:
(061) 314111
(061) 314069
[email protected]
www.lssc.ie
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