Table of Contents
Standard/
Benchmark
Indicators
Letter to the Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Letter to the Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Ohio Correlation Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Pretest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chapter 1
Vocabulary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Lesson 1
Prefixes and Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6.V.E
6
Lesson 2
Synonyms and Antonyms . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.V.B
3
Lesson 3
Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6.V.A
1
Lesson 4
Using a Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.V.F
8
Lesson 5
Connotation and Denotation . . . . . . . . . 54
6.V.C
2
Chapter 1 Ohio Achievement Test Review . . . . . . . 58
Chapter 2
Reading Comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Lesson 6
Text Features and Graphics . . . . . . . . . 64
6.I.A
1, 5
Lesson 7
Recognizing Stated Information . . . . . . 70
6.P.C
6
Lesson 8
Identifying Main Idea and Details . . . . . 74
6.I.C
3
Lesson 9
Summarizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
6.P.B
4
Chapter 2 Ohio Achievement Test Review 1 . . . . . . 82
Lesson 10
Comparison and Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . 90
6.P.B
3
Lesson 11
Cause and Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
6.I.B
2
Lesson 12
Lesson 13
Fact and Opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Author’s Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6.I.B
2
6.P.A
6.I.D
1
6, 7
Lesson 14
Text Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
6.I.E
8
Chapter 2 Ohio Achievement Test Review 2 . . . . . 110
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Ohio Achievement Test Coach, Reading, Grade 6
Chapter 3
Literary Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Lesson 15
Genres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.L.F
6
Lesson 16
Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
6.L.A
1
Lesson 17
Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
6.L.B
2
Lesson 18
Plot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
6.L.C
3
Lesson 19
Theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
6.L.E
5
Chapter 3 Ohio Achievement Test Review 1 . . . . . 138
Lesson 20
Figurative Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
6.L.G
7
Lesson 21
Point of View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
6.L.D
4
Lesson 22
Making Inferences and
Drawing Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
6.P.B
3
Lesson 23
Making Predictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
6.P.B
2
Lesson 24
Rubics for Scoring Constructed
Response Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Chapter 3 Ohio Achievement Test Review 2 . . . . . 166
Posttest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Rubrics for Scoring Open-Ended Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Note: Abbreviations for Standards are: V = Acquisition of
Vocabulary; P = Reading Process; I = Reading Applications:
Informational Text; L = Reading Applications: Literary Text
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5
Connotation and Denotation
Benchmark: 6.V.C
Indicator: 2
Getting the Idea
When you look in a dictionary, you are looking for the denotation of a word—its literal
meaning. Besides a denotation, a word may have a connotation, as well. A connotation
is an implied meaning. The feelings, images, and memories that are attached to a word
make up its connotation.
Think about the words house and home. These words are synonyms; they have the
same general definition, or denotation. Many people associate such things as comfort,
love, and family with the word home, however, that they do not link with the word
house. The word home has a positive connotation. A synonym for home, hovel, has
a negative connotation. People would like to live in a house, but not a hovel. The word
house has a neutral connotation, meaning it is neither positive nor negative.
Look at these pairs of synonyms. Decide if the words have a positive or negative
connotation.
thrifty/cheap
slender/skinny
stubborn/
determined
robust/fat
conceited/proud
aggressive/pushy
Writers often choose specific words that will influence how readers feel. To create
a scary mood for a suspense story, for example, a writer might use words such as
strange and grotesque, instead of unusual and unattractive.
To give the reader a clear image of how someone speaks, for example, an author
might use words such as whispered, whimpered, hissed, barked, rasped, ordered,
demanded, yelped, or whined instead of said. Each one carries a different connotation
and meaning.
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Coached Example
DIRECTIONS
Read this selection and answer the questions.
Jordan skipped down the sidewalk. She could smell the odor of the
blooming rose bushes and hear the bluebirds chirping in the trees. Every
part of the world seemed to be alive and thriving. Across the street, Mrs.
Jimenez tended to her vegetable garden. She glanced up to wave warmly at
Jordan. Jordan’s friend ran out of her house to greet her. They were going
to play in her yard. Jordan loved the spring; it was her favorite season.
Thinking It Through
1.
“She could smell the odor of the
blooming rose bushes. . . .”
2.
What is the denotation of the word
blooming in the sentence?
Which synonym for odor has a positive
connotation?
A. blossoming
A. smell
C. weak and sickly
B. fragrance
D. struggling
B. having a waxy finish
C. stench
D. stink
HINT
Think about the context of the word. What
does blooming describe?
The correct word is usually used for
something that smells nice, such as
perfume.
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HINT
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Lesson Practice
Coached Reading
DIRECTIONS
As you read the selection, ask yourself the questions in the margin.
You’re Never Too Old to Learn
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
The front door slammed and Rosalinda heard a voice call out,
“I’m home!” She hurried out into the hallway to greet her father.
She was as excited as a five-year-old child on her birthday. Her
father was bringing home a computer!
Rosalinda ran to hug her father. “Did you get it?” she asked.
Mr. Ramonez chuckled. “Yes, I got it. The boxes are in my
car. Please help me bring them inside.”
They brought the boxes into the family room and set them
carefully on the floor. After getting the parts out, Mr. Ramonez
looked perplexed. “I don’t know which cable fits into which port.”
“I do,” said Rosalinda, “My teacher taught us how.” They
placed the tall tower, monitor, printer, and keyboard on an old
wooden desk. Then Rosalinda showed her father the way to plug
in each cable. Rosalinda held her breath, turned the computer
on, and relaxed as several lights on it began flashing. “So far, so
good,” she said, smiling.
Mr. Ramonez began to study the owner’s manual, then shook
his head. “I don’t know how to load the software programs.”
“I do,” said Rosalinda. “My teacher taught us that, too.” She
put the disk in and waited for the instructions to appear on the
screen. “See, it’s easy. The software basically tells you what to do.”
Mr. Ramonez watched Rosalinda follow the instructions.
“When did our roles become reversed? I’m the father. I’m
supposed to help you learn things, Rosalinda. You’re getting too
smart for me.”
Rosalinda smiled. “You’re never too old to learn new things,”
she said.
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Does chuckled have
a positive or negative
connotation?
Think of five synonyms for
smart and decide whether
each one has a positive,
negative, or neutral
connotation.
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Lesson 5: Connotation and Denotation
Independent Practice
DIRECTIONS
Use the selection to answer questions 1–5.
1.
“Mr. Ramonez chuckled. ‘Yes, I got it.’”
4.
What is the denotation of chuckled?
In this selection, what does manual
mean?
A. a laugh that makes fun of someone
B. a laugh of amusement
A. a book of directions
C. a very loud laugh
B. done by hand
D. a nervous laugh
2.
C. a stick shift
D. a keyboard
What is the denotation of excited?
A. eager
B. worried
“Mr. Ramonez began to study the
owner’s manual, then shook his head.”
5.
Which word from the selection has a
negative connotation?
C. expected
A. relaxed
D. fantastic
B. watched
C. carefully
3.
“After getting the parts out, Mr.
Ramonez looked perplexed.”
D. old
Which synonym has a similar
connotation to perplexed?
A. puzzled
B. curious
C. knowing
D. personal
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