Rainer Dormels (2014) Profiles of the cities of DPR Korea – Haeju This work was supported by the Academy of Korean Studies (KSPS) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOE) (AKS-2011-BAA-2105) Find an introduction to the project at http://www.univie.ac.at/koreanologie/index.php?id=digital-north-korea0 This work has been published as a chapter in: Rainer Dormels (2014): North Korea's Cities. Jimoondang. Seoul. IV.2.17. Haeju An important city in the Koryo and Joson era 7KHSRUWFLW\RI+DHMXKDVEHHQVHYHUDOWLPHVXQGHUFRQVLGHUDWLRQDVDSRVVLEOHVLWHIRUD VSHFLDOHFRQRPLF]RQHGXHWRLWVSUR[LPLW\WR6RXWK.RUHD7KHFDSLWDORIWKH+ZDQJQDP 3URYLQFHKDVDJUHDWVWUDWHJLFPLOLWDU\LPSRUWDQFHDQGLVORFDWHGGLUHFWO\QHDUWKHPDULWLPH ERUGHUEHWZHHQWKHWZR.RUHDV7KHLQGXVWU\RIWKHFLW\LVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\VPHOWHUV DJULFXOWXUDOHQJLQHHULQJDQGDFHPHQWIDFWRU\)XUWKHUPRUH+DHMXKDVDWRXULVWLFSRWHQWLDO +DHMXLVRQHRIWKHJHRJUDSKLFDOO\VPDOOHVWFLWLHVRIWKH'35.RUHD Table Haeju-I. Basic data Population 273,300 (Rank 13) Area 207 km² (Rank 24) Population density 1,320 I./km² (Rank 6) Administrative units 26 dong/5 ri (84%) (Rank 5) “Urban” population/“rural” population 88.4%/11.6% (Rank 9) $OUHDG\LQWKH.RU\RDQG-RVRQSHULRG+DHMXZDVDQLPSRUWDQWVWUDWHJLFWUDI¿FSRLQW EHWZHHQ3\RQJ\DQJ.DHVRQJDQG6HRXO&RQVHTXHQWO\DORWRIUHOLFWVRIWKHROGWLPHV H[LVWLQWKHGRZQWRZQDUHDRIWKHFLW\:KHQ.RUHDZDVGLYLGHGLQWRWZHOYHPRN⢗LQ +DHMXPRNZDVRQHRIWKHP$WWKHHQGRIWKH-RVRQSHULRG+DHMXEHORQJHGDORQJZLWK 6HRXO3\RQJMDQJ-RQMXDQG.DHVRQJWRRQHRIWKH¿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ǂQ A city between sea and mountains &KDUDFWHULVWLFRI+DHMXLVLWVORFDWLRQEHWZHHQWKHVHDDQGPRXQWDLQV,QIURQWRI+DHMX .\RQJJLED\KDVGHYHORSHGZLWKQXPHURXVLVODQGV)URPWKHJURXQGDQGWKHFOLPDWH+DHMX LVDFWXDOO\EDODQFHG+DHMXLVLQWHUPVRIWUDGLWLRQDO.RUHDQVWDQGDUGVJHRJUDSKLFDOO\ZHOO VLWXDWHGRQDULYHUWKH.ZDQJVǂNFKǂQZKHUHE\DEXLOWXSXUEDQDUHDRQWKHRSSRVLWH ,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD Figure Haeju-I. Forest area in the ri QRUWKHUQ 6X\DQJVDQ P DQG WKH -DQJGDHVDQPLVOHDQWDJDLQVWDQGWKH 1DPVDQPLVRSSRVLWH)URP+DHMX WKH5\RQJGDQJSHQLQVXODSURWUXGHVLQWR WKH+DHMXED\DQGRSSRVLWHLVWKH-LQSKR SHQLQVXODVRWKDWEHWZHHQWKHVHWZRLVODQGV OLHVRQO\DQDUURZQHFN7KHUHJLRQDURXQG WKH6X\DQJVDQZDVSURFODLPHGDVDQDWXUDO UHVHUYHE\WKH1RUWK.RUHDQDXWKRULWLHV2I WKHWRWDODUHDPRUHWKDQDUHKLOOVDQG ULGJHVZKLFKDUHORFDWHGEHORZVHDOHYHORI P 7KH .ZDQJVǂNFKǂQ IORZV WKURXJK WKH FLW\ IURP WKH 1RUWK WRZDUGV 6RXWKHDVW DQGHDVWRIWKH5\RQJGDQJSHQLQVXODLWIORZVLQWRWKHVHD2QLWVEDQNVLQWKHUHJLRQ RI .ZDQJKDGRQJ .ZDQJVǂNGRQJ +DHFKǂQJGRQJ WKH .ZDQJVǂNFKǂQSDUN ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG 7KHDYHUDJHDQQXDOWHPSHUDWXUHVDVZHOODVWKH$XJXVWWHPSHUDWXUHVDUHWKHKLJKHVWRI DOOFLWLHVRIWKH'35.RUHD7KHVWURQJZLQGWKDWEORZVKHUHLVYHU\FKDUDFWHULVWLFIRUWKLV FLW\ Table Haeju-II. Climate values Annual average January temperature August temperature Precipitation 11.1°C (1) -3.4°C (4) 24.5°C (1) 1,080.80 mm (9) 7KHIRUHVWPDNHVXSRIWKHWRWDODUHDRIWKHFLW\,Q&KDNFKǂQULWKHUHDUHDORW RIIUHVKZDWHU¿VKKDWFKHULHV7KHSHDULVFRQVLGHUHGWREHDVSHFLDOLW\RIWKLVFLW\ Smelters, cement factory and manufacture of agricultural machinery $PRQJWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWLQGXVWULDOFRPSDQLHVRI+DHMXDUHWKHDJULFXOWXUDOHTXLSPHQW IDFWRU\DFHPHQWIDFWRU\WZRFDELQVDQGDJODVVSODWHIDFWRU\+RZHYHU+DHMXDOVRKDV DILVKLQJSRUWDQGLVDQDYDOEDVHRI1RUWK.RUHD+DHMXLVORFDWHGLQWKHVRXWKRIWKH FRXQWU\IDUDZD\IURPWKHSRZHUSODQWVLQWKH1RUWK7KXVWKHUHDUHPDMRUSUREOHPVGXH WRWKHODFNRISRZHUVXSSO\ 1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV Table Haeju-III. Ranking (in parenthesis: number of industrial factories or cultural institutions) Haeju KOFC MOU IPA KCNA KIET Summary Companiestotal 9 (17) 11 (25) 12 (16) 16 (9) 8 (43) 10 Companiesimportant 19 (2) 15(2) 16 (5) 12 (12) 14 (7) Cultural institutions 8 (15) Table Haeju-IV. Ranking (Total number of companies in relation to population) Haeju KOFC MOU IPA KCNA KIET Summary Companies - total 8 9 9-17-6 14 8-15 6-18 1RZDGD\V+DHMXLVEHWWHUSRVLWLRQHGLQWKHQXPEHURIFRPSDQLHVUDQNLQJWKDQLQWKH SRSXODWLRQUDQNLQJ5DQN+RZHYHUPRVWFRPSDQLHVRI+DHMXDUHQRWDPRQJWKHPRVW VLJQL¿FDQWRQHVRIWKHFRXQWU\ Table Haeju-V. Specification (in parenthesis: number of industrial companies) Haeju Light Industry Heavy Industry Mining Energy KOFC 5 (6) 17 (10) - 11 (1) MOU 11 (16) 8 (9) - - IPA 21 (5) 5 (10) 12 (1) - KCNA 14 (4) 5 (5) - - KIET 20 (15) 3 (25) 18 (1) 7 (2) ([FHSWLQ.2)&+DHMXVKRZVDVSHFLDOL]DWLRQRQKHDY\LQGXVWU\ZKHUHVPHOWHUVDQG DJULFXOWXUDOPDQXIDFWXULQJSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROH ,QFKDSWHU,,,VHYHQFRPSDQLHVDUHLGHQWL¿HGDVLPSRUWDQWWKH+DHMX2FWREHUWK <RXWK6PHOWHU\WKH+DHMX6PHOWHU\WKH+DHMX7UDLOHG)DUP0DFKLQH)DFWRU\WKH+DHMX &HPHQW)DFWRU\WKH+DHMX3ODWH*ODVV)DFWRU\WKH+DHMX.QLWWHG*RRGV)DFWRU\DQGWKH +DHMX6KRH)DFWRU\ 7KH +DHMX 2FWREHU WK<RXWK 6PHOWHU\ LV ORFDWHG LQ 6ǂNPLGRQJ DQG KDV DWRWDO DUHDRIPð+HUHOHDGRUHLVPHOWHG7KHVPHOWLQJIXUQDFHDQGWKHHOHFWURO\VLV SODQWZHUHLQWURGXFHGE\WKH-DSDQHVHFRPSDQ\7RMR.2)&,QWKH FRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHSODQWZDVVWDUWHGDQGLQWKHEXLOGLQJZDVFRPSOHWHG,3$ 7KH+DHMX6PHOWHU\GDWHVEDFNWRWKHSHULRGRIWKH-DSDQHVHRFFXSDWLRQ)RUH[DPSOH ,93UR¿OHVRIWKHFLWLHVRI'35.RUHD 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NLL and MDL, which is proclaimed by the DPRK 7KH1//WKXVZDVSURFODLPHGDVDQQXOOHG6RXWK.RUHDDQGWKH81&KRZHYHULQVLVW RQWKHYDOLGLW\RIWKH1//DVWKHGHIDFWRPDULWLPHERUGHUXQWLODQHZPDULWLPH0'/LV 1RUWK.RUHD¶V&LWLHV GHWHUPLQHGE\D-RLQW0LOLWDU\&RPPLVVLRQLQDFHDVH¿UHDJUHHPHQW7KHGLIIHUHQWYLHZV RQWKHPDULWLPHERUGHUEHWZHHQWKHWZR.RUHDVDUHDFRQVWDQWVRXUFHRIFRQÀLFW Haeju as a touristic and cultural center +DHMXLVRSHQWRIRUHLJQHUV$PDMRUDWWUDFWLRQLVWKH3X\RQJ3DYLOLRQLQ3X\RQJGRQJ ZKLFK RULJLQDWHV IURP WKH WK FHQWXU\ ,W ZDV GHVWUR\HG GXULQJ WKH .RUHDQ:DU DQG UHVWRUHGLQ 7KH6X\DQJVDQLVNQRZQIRULWVZDWHUIDOOVWKDWSOXQJHPDVZHOODVGXHWRWKH 6X\DQJIRUWUHVV2QWKH6X\DQJVDQDQDPXVHPHQWSDUNLVORFDWHGIRUWKHSRSXODWLRQRI WKHFLW\ ,Q+DNK\ǂQGRQJWKHUHPDLQVRIWKHLQEXLOW.ZDQJMR7HPSOHDUHORFDWHG +DHMX LV DOVR D FXOWXUDO FHQWUH RI WKH SURYLQFH RI +ZDQJQDP7KHUH DUH VHYHUDO XQLYHUVLWLHVLQWKH¿HOGVRIDJULFXOWXUHWHDFKHUWUDLQLQJHQJLQHHULQJDQGPHGLFLQH Developments of the city after 1945 and development centers ,QDQGWKHFLW\DUHDKDVEHHQLQFUHDVHGE\WKHUXUDOFRXQWU\VLGH7ZRULHDFK IURPQHLJKERXULQJNXQZHUHLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWRWKHFLW\RI+DHMX 7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHFLW\RI+DHMXZDVIRFXVHGRQWKHFLW\FHQWUH7KH5\RQJGDQJ SHQLQVXOD WKH DUHD RI<ǂQKD LQ WKH :HVW DQG WKH UHJLRQ RI +DN\ǂQ ZKLFK ZDV LQFRUSRUDWHGLQDUHIXUWKHUGHYHORSPHQWFHQWUHVRIWKHFLW\ Figure Haeju-III. 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