GXm\pw {]Xy-bim-kv-{X {]iv-\§sf¸änbp-Å
{]tabw(2012 G{]n 4þ9 Xo-bXn-IfnÂ- tImgn-t¡mSv tNÀ-¶
kn.-]n.sF (Fw) 20-þmw ]mÀSn tIm¬{Kkv- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨Xv)
I
Bap-Jw1.-1 ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ Ct¸m-gs¯ BtKm-f {]Xn-kÔn AXn-sâ ]e {]Xy-£o `mh§fnÂ- 1930Ifn-se alm-am-µy-t¯¡mÄ- IqSp-XÂ- Xo-{ham-Wv-.- AXv- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯nsâ ASn-¨aÀ-¯p-¶Xpw- Nq-jWw- sN¿p-¶Xp-am-b klPkz-`m-hs¯ Hcn-¡Â-Iq-SnAXni-à-ambn {]ISn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.- Cu- {]Xn-kÔn- tem-I P\Xbp-sS hn-]p-eam-b `qcn-]£¯n-sâtaÂ- Iq-Sp-XÂ- hen-b Zp-cn-X§Ä- ASn-t¨Â-]n-¡p-¶p.- km-{am-Py-Xzw- kz´w- \n-e\nÂ-]pw- ]¦pw- ad¨p-shbv-¡m³- {]Xy-bim-kv-{X]cam-b FÃm- bXv-\§fp-wsNbv-Xn-«pw- am-\hcm-in-¡p-t\scbp-Å Cu- IS¶m-{IaW¯nÂ- tem-I ap-Xem-fn¯s¯ AXv- \bn-¡p-Ibm-sW¶v- Cu- {]Xn-kÔn- hÀ-[am-\am-b tXm-XnÂ- sXfn-bn¡p-¶p.- A§s\ BtKm-f ta[m-hn-Xz-¯n-\p-Å km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ Xz-cbm--Wv- am-\hcmin-¡v- ]qÀ-Wam-b hn-tam-N\hpw- kzm-X{´y-hpw- ]p-tcm-KXn-bpw- \n-tj[n-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p¶Xn-sâ {]`htI{µw.1.-2 tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-bsâ XIÀ-¨sb Xp-SÀ-¶v- hÀ-¤iàn-Ifp-sS kmÀ-ÆtZio-b _em_e¯nÂ- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-\v- A\p-Iq-eam-bn- am-äap-−m-bn- F¶ \n-Ka\¯nÂ- 1992
P\p-hcn-bnÂ- kn-]n-sF (Fw-)sâ 14þmw- tIm¬-{Kkv- F¯n-bn-«v- Ct¸mÄ- c−v- ]Xn-äm−m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- Cu- kw-`hhn-Im-k§Ä- cm-{ão-bhpw- km-¼¯n-Ihpw- km-aq-ln-Ihpam-b am-ä§Ä-¡v- tem-I hym-]Iam-bn-¯s¶ CSbm-¡n.- amÀ-Iv-kn-khpw- tkm-jy-enkhpw- ar-Xam-bn-cn-¡p-¶p- F¶ km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ tcm-K Im-cW \nÀ-Wbt¯m-sSbpÅ cq-£am-b {]Xy-bim-kv-{Xm-{IaWw- Cu- am-ä§tfm-sSm-¸ap-−m-bn.- AtXm-sSm-¸w- apXem-fn-¯w- "im-iz-X'-am-sW¶pw- am-\h km-aq-ly- ]cn-Wm-a¯n-sâ Bhiy-am-WvAsX¶pw- AhIm-ihm-Zw- DbÀ-¶p.1.-3 Cu- c−p- ]Xn-äm-−p-IÄ-¡n-SbnÂ,- kw-ibn-¡s¸«Xp-t]m-se,- FÃm- taJeIfn-epw- Cukm-{am-Py-Xz- IS¶m-{IaWw- AXn-cq-£am-bn-«p-−v.- Cu- IS¶m-{IaWt¯m-sSm-¸w- km{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ ta[m-hn-Xz-hpw- \Sam-Sp-¶p.- AXn-sâ \oÀ-¨p-gn-bnte¡v- tem-Is¯ FÃm- cm-Py-§sfbpw- AXv- hen-¨Sp-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.1.-4 A§s\ am-\h hn-tam-N\¯n-\pw- kzm-X{´y-¯n-\pw- th−n-bp-Å \½p-sS bXv-\§fpsS At`Zy-`m-Kam-bn- C¶s¯ tem-I kw-`hhn-Im-k§sfbpw- Ah tem-I Øn-Xn-sb,AXm-bXv- hÀ-¤iàn-Ifp-sS kmÀ-htZio-b _em-_e¯n-sâ k´p-e\s¯ F§s\
_m[n-¡p-¶p,- Ah \½p-sS cm-Py-¯v- \½p-sS X{´{][m-\ hn-¹h e£yw- ssIhcn-¡p¶Xn-\p-Å \½p-sS kac§fp-sS apt¶äs¯ F§s\ _m-[n-¡p-¶p- F¶Xn-s\bpw
Ip-dn-¨v- amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv-þse\n-\nÌv- hn-iIe\w- \S¯m³- \mw- _m-[y-Øcm-Wv.1.-5 C´y³- Iayq-Wn-Ìv- {]Øm-\s¯bpw- AXn-\mÂ- \½p-sS P\§fp-sS tam-N\s¯bpwhgn- sXän-¡p-sa¶v- Kp-cp-Xcam-bn- `o-jWn-s¸Sp-¯n-s¡m-−v- A¶s¯ Ahn-`à IayqWn-Ìv- ]mÀ-Sn-sb ]n-Sn-Iq-Sn-b dn-hn-j\n-Ìv- ]m-fn-¨bv-s¡Xn-cm-bn- \S¶ cq-£am-b
kac¯n-sâ ^eam-bn- sI«n-¸Sp-¡s¸«Xm-Wv- Iayq-Wn-Ìv- ]mÀ-Sn- Hm-^v- C´y- (amÀ-Iv-knÌv-).- C´y³- hn-¹h¯n-sâ X{´hpw- AShp-Ifpw- F¶Xn-s\ tI{µam-¡n-bp-Å Xo{ham-b DÄ-¸mÀ-«n- {]Xy-bim-kv-{X kac¯n-\pw- C´y-bn-se `cWhÀ-¤§fp-sS
LS\bpw- kz-`m-hhpw- kw-_Ôn-¨ icn-bm-b hnebn-cp-¯en-\pw- tijw- dnhn-j-\n-kt¯mSv \nÀ-Wm-bIam-bn hgn ]ncn-ªp-sIm−v kn-]n-sF (Fw-) cw-K{]thiw- sNbv-Xp.amÀ-Iv-kn-kw-þse\n-\n-k¯n-sâ hn-¹hIcam-b ASn-Øm\ {]am-W§Ä- DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn¡m-\pw- aqÀ-¯am-b C´y³- km-lNcy-§fnÂ- Ah {]tbm-Kn-¡m-\pw- {]Xn-Úm_²am-Wv- AXv.
1.-6 A[n-Iw- Xm-akn-bm-sX kn-]n-sF (Fw-) \v- CSXp- km-lkn-I hc«p-XXz-hm-Z ]m-fn-¨sb
t\cn-tS−n-hcn--Ibpw- C´y³- Iayq-Wn-Ìv- {]Øm-\s¯ hgn-sXän-¡p-sa¶v- `o-jWns¸Sp-¯n-b Cu- {]hWXbp-am-bn- Hcn-¡Â-Iq-Sn- aÂ-¸n-Sp-¯w- \S¯p-Ibpw- th−nh¶p.- Cu- {]Xy-bim-kv-{X t]m-cm-«¯n-s\m-¸w- `o-jWam-b im-co-cn-I B{IaW§sf
1.-7
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1.-9
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1.11
1.-12
t\cn-Sp-Ibpw- Ahsb AXn-Po-hn-¡p-Ibpw- sNt¿−n-h¶p.- ChbnÂ- \½p-sS ]e
kJm-¡fpw- càkm-£n-Ifm-bn.Cu- ]m-fn-¨IÄ-s¡Xn-cm-b t]m-cm-«¯n-se hn-Pbhpw- C´y³ P\Xbp-sS aln-abmÀ-¶
Din-c³- kac§fp-sS (1) ss]Xr-Ihpw-- Iq-Sn-t¨À-¶v- kn-]n-sF (Fw-)s\ cm-Py-s¯
Gähpw- iàhpw- ap³-\n-cbn-ep-ÅXp-am-b Iayq-Wn-Ìv-CSXp- iàn-bm-¡n- am-än.- Cu{]Xy-bim-kv-{X t]m-cm-«§fn-se \½p-sS amÀIv-kn-Ìv-þse\n-\n-Ìv- \n-e]m-Sp-Ifp-sS icn-a
CXv- AXn-i-à-ambn- kaÀ-°n-¨p.{]Xy-bim-kv-{X]cam-b ]m-fn-¨IÄ-s¡Xn-cm-b kn-]n-sF (Fw-)sâ kachpw- amÀIvknkw-þ-se-\n-\n-k-¯nsâ hn-¹hIcam-b DÅS¡s¯bpw sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK kmÀh-tZ-iob-X-sbbpw DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡m-\p-Å AXn-sâ Dd¨ bXv-\hpw- B[m-cam-¡n-bXv- FÃmXcw- ]m-fn-¨Itfm-Sp-w- Xp-SÀ-¨bm-bn- AScm-Sn-s¡m-−m-bn-cp-¶p-þB`y-´cam-bpw- kmÀÆtZio-bam-bpw- C¯cw- ]m-fn-¨IÄ- {]Xy-£s¸«p.- ]et-¸m-gpw- AXv- A¡m-es¯
kmÀ-ÆtZio-b Iayq-Wn-Ìv- AXn-Im-b·m-cm-b tkm-hn-bäv-þssN\o-kv- ]mÀ-Sn-Itfm-Spw{]Xy-bim-kv-{X]cam-bn- Gäp-ap-«n-s¡m-−m-bn-cp-¶p.- C¯cw- {]Xy-bim-kv-{X kac§fmWv- Gähpw- iàam-b Iayq-Wn-Ìv- CSXp-]£ iàn-bm-bn- DbÀ-¶p-hcm³- am-{XaÃ,C´y-bn-se tZio-b cm-{ão-b¯nÂ- k½À-±hpw kzm-[o-\hpw- sNep-¯m³- am-{XwsIÂ-]p-t\Sm-\pw- \½p-sS ]mÀ-Sn-sb {]m-]v-Xam-¡n-bXv._À-Zzm³- ¹o-\w- (1968) ap-XÂ- {]iv-\§tfm-Sv- C¯c¯nÂ- {]Xy-bim-kv-{X]cam-bnGäp-ap-«p-¶Xv- \½p-sS ]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS X{´]cam-b e£y-§sf ap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−p-t]m-Ip¶Xn-\v- Ahiy- LSIam-bn-¯oÀ-¶p.- ]gb tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-b\n-epw- In-g¡³- bq-tdm]y³- cm-Py-§fn-epw- tkm-jy-en-kw- s]m-fn-¨Sp-¡s¸«Xn-s\ Xp-SÀ-¶v- 14þmw- tIm¬-{KkvAw-Ko-Icn-¨ ""Nn-e {]Xy-bim-kv-{X {]iv-\§sf¡p-dn-¨v''- F¶ {]tabs¯ Xp-SÀ-¶v- ]n¶o-Sp-−m-b am-ä§sf A]-{K-Yn-¨p-sIm−v 2000Â- \½p-sS ]m-À-Sn- ]cn-]m-Sn- Im-tem-NnXam-¡s¸«p.- tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-bsâ XIÀ-¨bv-¡pw- km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fh¡cW¯n-sâ DbÀ-¨bv-¡pw- tijap-−m-b ]pXn-b tem-I Øn-Xn-sb¡pdn-¨pÅ \½psS hn-iIe\w -]n-¶o-Sv- \S¶ ]mÀ-Sn- tIm¬-{Kkp-Ifn CXn-s\- Xp-SÀ¶v k¼p-jvS-am¡-s¸-«p.
km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cWw- am-\hcm-in-bp-sStaÂ- CXn-\p-ap-¼p-−m-bn-«n-Ãm-¯
tXm-XnÂ- Zp-cn-X§Ä- ASn-t¨Â-]n-¡p-t¼mÄ,- Cu- IS¶m-{IaW¯n-s\Xn-cm-b P\Io-b
sNdp-¯p-\nÂ-¸pw- DbÀ-¶p-hcn-Ibm-Wv.- CXv- C¶s¯ tem-I Øn-Xn-bnÂ,- {]tXy-In-¨vem-än-\tacn-¡bp-tSXnÂ,- hy-àam-bn- {]ISn-¸n-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p.- C§s\ DbÀ-¶p-hcp¶ kac§Ä- tem-I¯n-sâ aäp- `m-K§fn-epw- DbÀ-¶p-hcp-¶p.- hmÄ-kv-{So-äv- ]n-Sn-s¨Sp¡Â- {]Øm-\¯n-epw- AXn-t\¡mÄ- {it²bam-bn,- bqtdm-¸n P\§fp-sS D]Poh\¯n-\p-t\sc km-{am-Py-Xz- \hen-_dÂ- BtKm-fhÂ-IcW IS¶m-{IaW§Ä-s¡Xnsc \S¡p-¶ sNdp-¯p-\nÂ-]p-Ifn-epw.-- Ct¸m-gs¯ BtKm-f ap-Xem-fn-¯ {]Xn-kÔnbn-epw- am-µy-¯n-epw- CXv- Iq-Sp-XÂ- Xo-{ham-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- `m-hn-bn-se hn-¹h kac§fpsS sI«p-d¸n-\pw- ap-t¶m-«p-Å KXn-¡pw- Dd¨ ASn-¯d ]m-Ip-¶Xv- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯nsâbpw- aäv- Nq-jn-X P\hn-`m-K§fp-sSbpw- D]Po-h\\n-ehm-cs¯ ImÀ-¶p-Xn-¶p-¶Xns\Xn-cm-b C¯c¯nÂ- hfÀ-¶p-hcp-¶ kac§fm-Ip-¶p.C¶s¯ kmÀ-htZio-b hÀ-Kiàn-Ifp-sS _em-_e¯nÂ- aq-e[\hm-gv-Nbv-s¡Xn-cmb IS¶m-{IaW¯n-sâ \n-ehm-c¯n-te¡v- Cu- kac§sf DbÀ-¯p-¶ ISa ]e
shÃp-hn-fn-Isfbpw- adn-IS¶p-sIm-−p- thWw- GsäSp-¡m³.- aq-e[\hm-gv-Nbv-s¡Xn-cmbn- hÀ-K]cam-b IS¶m-{IaWw- Xp-S§p-¶Xn-te¡v- A¯cw- kac§sf cq-£am-¡p¶Xn-sâ hn-Pbw- XoÀ-¨bm-bpw- B{ibn-¡p-¶Xv- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- hÀKkac¯n-\p- aqÀ-¨ Iq-Sp-¶Xn-s\bm-Wv.- CXv- km-[y-am-Ip-¶Xv- hn-¹hkac¯n-sâ
"BXv-a\n-jv-TLSIw'- iàn-s¸Sp-Ibpw- sI«p-d¸p-ÅXm-Ibpw- sN¿p-t¼m-gm-Wv.- AXmbXv,- kzm-X{´y-¯n-\pw- hn-tam-N\¯n-\p-am-bp-Å FÃm- hn-`m-Kw- Nq-jn-X P\§fpsSbpw- kac¯n-se hÀ-KsFIyw- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- iIv-Xn-s¸Sp-IbpwsI«p-d¸p t\Sp-Ibpw- sN¿p-t¼m-gm-Wv.Cu- kv-Yn-Xn-KXn-IfnÂ,- {]tXy-In-¨v- io-{LKXn-bnÂ- kw-`hhn-Im-k§Ä- D−m-bn-s¡m−n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ,- am-\htam-N\¯n-\m-bn- hÀ-Kkac§sf iIv-Xn-s¸Sp-¯p-I F¶
GIe£y-t¯msS,- Cu- kw-`hhn-Im-k§fn-eq-sS {]Xy-bim-kv-{X§fp-sSbpw- shÃp-hnfn-Ifp-sSbpw- imkv-{Xo-bam-b amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv-þse\n-\n-Ìv- A]{KY\¯n-eq-sS \mw- \½p-sS
hn-¹h]cam-b \nÝ-b-ZmÀVys¯ iIv-Xn-s¸Sp-t¯−Xv- {][m-\am-Wv.2
II
BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW Ime-L«¯n-se
km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ {]hÀ-¯\w2.-1 amÀ-Iv-kn-kw-þse\n-\n-ks¯bpw- "aqÀ-¯am-b kv-Yn-Xn-KXn-Isf aqÀ-¯am-bn- A]{KYn¡p-I'- F¶ AXn-sâ At`Zy-am-b D]I cWs¯bpw- Dd¨v- DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-t¼mÄXs¶,- kn-]n-sF Fw- C¶s¯ aqÀ-¯am-b kv-Yn-Xn-KXn-IfnÂ- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ
{]hÀ-¯\s¯bpw- C´y-bnÂ- AXp-−m-¡p-¶ BLm-Xs¯bpw- hn-ebn-cp-¯p-¶p.\½p-sS X{´]cam-b e£y-§sf ap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−p-t]m-Ip-¶ icn-bpw- DNn-Xhp-am-b
AShp-IÄ- X¿m-dm-¡p-¶Xn-\p- Ahkm-\w- ]dªXv- AXy´m-t]£n-Xam-Wv.2.-2 BtKm-fhÂ-¡cWs¯- AXn-sâ km-Iey-¯nÂ- a\Ên-em-t¡−Xm-Wv.- amÀ-Iv-kv- ImWn-¨p-X¶Xp-t]m-se,- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ B´cn-IKXn-im-kv-{Xw- aq-e[\w- Hcp- ]n-SnssIIfnÂ- k©bn-¡s¸Sp-Ibpw- Ip-¶p-Iq-Sp-Ibpw- sN¿m³- CSbm-¡p-¶p.- Cu{]hWXbp-sS hnIm-k¯n-sâ im-kv-{Xo-b hn-iIe\¯n-sâ ASn-kv-Ym-\¯n-em-Wv,- Ip¯Iap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-s³d L«¯nÂ-\n-¶v- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ DZbhpw- hfÀ-¨bpwse\n³- Xn-cn-¨dn-ªXv.- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ cm-jv-{So-bs¯¡p-dn-¨p-Å se\n-sâ hniIe\am-Wv- þ ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ Gähpw DbÀ¶ L«w- þ sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K hn¹h¯n-te¡v- 1917se al¯m-b HIv-tSm-_À- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- hn-¹h¯n-te¡v,- am-\hcm-inbp-sS Ncn-{X¯nÂ- BZy-am-bn,- \bn-¨ hÀ-Kkac§sf aqÀ-On-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å icn-bmb hn-¹hIcam-b X{´¯n-\pw- AShn-\p-ap-Å ASn-¯d ]m-In-bXv.2.-3 km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ L«¯n-\p-Ån-se BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ Ct¸m-gs¯ Zi aqe[\¯n-sâ h³-tXm-Xn-ep-Å Ip-¶p-Iq-«en-\pw- tI{µo-IcW¯n-\pw- CSbm-¡n.A§s\ Ign-ª c−p- ]Xn-äm-−p-IÄ-¡n-SbnÂ- A´À-tZio-b [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ
t\Xr-Xz-¯n-ep-Å k©b¯n-\pw- CSbm-¡n-.- (2) em-`w- ]cam-h[n- hÀ-[n-¸n-¡m-\m-bp-Å
X{X¸m-SnÂ- tem-I¯n-\p-Np-äpw- Hcp- sI«p-]m-Sp-an-Ãm-sX Np-äm-\p-Å kzm-X{´yw- aqe[\¯n-\v- e`n-¡p-¶ Xc¯n-ep-Å tem-I¯n-sâ ]p-\x-{Iao-IcW¯n\v- CXv CSbm¡n.- CXv- X¶¯m³- aq-e[\¯n-sâ Hgp-¡n-\p-Å FÃm- \n-b{´W§fpw- Hgn-hm-¡m-\pÅ hy-hkv-YIÄ- Np-a¯p-¶p.- AXm-Wv- [\DZm-chÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ A´x-k¯.CtXm-sSm-¸ap-Å km-¼¯n-I ]cn-jv-Im-c§Ä-¡p-Å \hen-_dÂ- IS¶m-{IaWw,tZicm-jv-{S§fp-sS,- hn-tijn-¨v- hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§fn-se,- km-¼¯n-Ihpw- AXn-\mÂ- cmjv-{So-bhp-am-b ]cam-[n-Im-cs¯ Ku-cham-bn- `o-jWn-s¸Sp-¯p-Ibpw- XInSw- adn-¡pIbpw- sN¿p-¶p.2.-4 ap-¼v- \mw- I−n-cp-¶Xp-t]m-se,- Ncn-{X¯nÂ- Hcp- ]p-Xn-b L«w- DbÀ-¶p-hcp-¶Xv- B
L«w- Xs¶ AXn-sâ \n-e\nÂ-]n-\n-SbnÂ- kv-Yn-cam-bn- \n-e\nÂ-¡p-sat¶m- Hcp- amä¯n-\pw- hn-t[bam-Ip-Ibn-sÃt¶m- AÀ-Yam-¡p-¶n-Ã.- Iayq-Wn-k¯n-te¡p-Å ]cn-hÀ¯\¯nÂ- tkm-jy-en-kw-t]m-se,- tkm-jy-en-k¯nÂ- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K `cWIq-S¯nsâ {]hÀ-¯\w-t]m-se,- AsænÂ,- F´n-\v,- km-{am-Py-Xz-L«¯nÂþ- A§s\ Hm-tcmL«¯n-epwþ- KW]cam-b amä§fp-sS ^eam-bn- Kp-W]cam-bn- ]p-Xn-sbm-cp- Zibnte¡p- \bn-¡p-¶ ]e ZiIfpw- DbÀ-¶p-hcp-¶p.- Ncn-{X¯nÂ- Hcp- L«¯n-sâ Imebfhv,- AXn-\mÂ- Hcp- tcJo-b {]{In-btbm- "h¬-th {Sm--^n-t¡m'- AÃ.- km-{am-Py-Xz¯n-sâ Ct¸m-gs¯ Zi km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ L«¯nÂ- [\aq-e[\¯n-s³d kz-`mhhpw- ta[m-hn-Xz-]cam-b ]¦pw- kw-_Ôn-¨ se\n-\n-Ìv- \nÀ-Wbs¯ XÅn-¡fbpIbÃ,- km-[q-Icn-¡p-Ibm-Wv- sN¿p-¶Xv.2.-5 BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ Ct¸m-gs¯ Zi,- hÀ-KiIv-Xn-Ifp-sS cm-jv-{So-b _em-_ewkmÀ-htZio-bam-bn- AXn-\p- A\p-Iq-eam-bn- am-dn-b L«¯nÂ- Dcp-¯n--cn-ªp-hcpt¼mÄ,- ]cam-h[n- em-`¯n-\m-bp-Å AXn-sâ At\z-jWw- Xp-Scm³,- P\§fp-sS
P\Io-b kac§Ä- ^e{]Zam-b sNdp-¯p-\nÂ-]v- kw-LSn-¸n-¨ cm-Py-§fn-sem-gn-sI
km-{am-Py-Xz-s¯ A\p-hZn-¡p-¶p.- C¯cw- At\z-jWw- AXn-`o-aam-b tXm-XnÂ- aqe[\k©b¯n-\pw- A´À-tZio-b [\aq-e[\w- (sFF^v-kn)- AXn-s³d \n-e Iq-SpXÂ- Dd¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- CSbm-¡p-¶p-.- CXv- io-Xbp-²m-\´c tem-Iap-Xemfn-¯¯n-sâ
khn-tij e£W§fnÂ- H¶m-Ip-¶p.- tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-b\n-sebpw- In-g¡³- bq-tdm¸n-sebpw- {]Xn-hn-¹hhpw- BtKm-f aq-e[\¡t¼m-f¯n-sâ ]n-Sn-bn-te¡p-Å AXn-sâ
Xn-cn-¨p-hchpw- aq-e[\k©b¯n-sâ tXm-Xn-s\ KWy-am-bn- klm-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.- Iq-SmsX,- BtKm-fap-Xemfn-¯¯n- h¶ LS-\m-]-c-amb am-ä§fpw- Ahbv¡v- ]n-´p-Wbm3
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bn- hnti-jn¨v hn-hcþhn-\n-ab taJebn- h¶ km-t¦Xn-I apt¶-ä-§fpw DÂ-]mZ\s¯- ]p-Xn-b kv-Ye§fn-te¡v- am-än- kv-Ym-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- _n-kn-\kv- \S¯n-¸v- {]IrXn-hn-`h§Ä- [m-cm-fam-bp-ÅXpw- Iq-en-s¨ehv- Ip-dªXp-am-b kv-Ye§fn-te¡v- ]p-\xkvYm-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-w- CSbm-¡n.- C¯c¯nÂ- em-`s¯ ]cam-h[n-bm-¡p-¶Xv- aqe-[\
k©-b-¯nsâ \n-ehm-cw- DbÀ-¯p-¶Xn-s\ h³-tXm-XnÂ- klm-bn-¨p.F¶mÂ,- se\n-sâ Im-et¯XnÂ-\n-¶v- hy-Xy-kv-Xam-bn- \nÀ-Zn-jv-Sam-b tZicm-jv-{S§fpsS \nÀ-Zn-jv-Sam-b X{´]c XmÂ-]cy-§Ä- \n-dthäp-¶Xn-\p- am-{Xaà sFF^v-kn- {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xv,- A´À-tZio-b XmÂ-]cy-§Ä- kw-c£n-¡p-¶Xn-\m-Wv.- hn-Ikn-X ap-Xem-fn¯ tZicm-jv-{S§Ä- X§fp-sS \nÀ-Zn-jv-S XmÂ-]cy-§Ä ap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−p-t]m-Im³- XpSÀ-¶pw- {ian-¡p-t¼mÄ,- sFF^v-kn- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶Xv Xo-{ham-b km-{am-Py-Xz-§ÄX½n-ep-Å In-SaÕcw--sIm-−v- hn-Åep-−m-Im-¯ Hcp- tem-I¯n-em-Wv.- AXv- {]hÀ-¯n¡p-¶Xv- XmÂ-¡m-en-Iam-sb¦n-epw- A¯cw- In-SaÕcs¯ ab-s¸-Sp-¯m³ {iaw\S¡p-¶ tem-I¯n-em-Wv.- A´m-cm-jv-{S [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ kz`m-hw- Xs¶ tem-IamsI XSÊsas\y- {]hÀ-¯n-¡m-\p-Å AXn-sâ bXv-\§sf \nÀ-hNn-¡p-¶p.- CuIW¡p-¡q-«en-\\p-kcn-¨v- se\n³- [\aq-e[\s¯bpw- km-{am-Py-Xz-s¯bpw- Ip-dn-¨p\S¯n-b hn-iIe\¯n-\p- A¸p-dt¯¡v- tem-Iw- \o-§n-bXm-bn- ]et¸m-gpw- sXäm-bnhm-Zn-¡s¸Sp-¶p.- AXn-\m km-{am-Py-Xz-s¯¡p-dn-¨p-Å At±l¯n-sâ hn-iIe\wC¶v- Im-elcWs¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p- F¶pw- AXn-\mÂ- A{]kIv-Xam-sW¶pw- hm-Zn-¡s¸Sp¶p.-[\aq-e[\¯n-sâ DbÀ-¶p- hchn-s\,- _m-¦n-Mv- aq-e[\hpw- hym-hkm-bn-I aq-e[\hpwH¯p-tNcp-¶Xn-s\ hn-iIe\w-sNbv-Xp-sIm-−v- se\n³,- At±l¯n-sâ Im-e¯v- Cu{]Xn-`m-k¯n-sâ {]Xym-Lm-Xs¯ aqÀ-¯am-bn- hn-iIe\w-sNbv-Xp; ap-Xem-fn-¯w- KpW]cam-b am-ä¯n-\v- hn-t[bam-bn- F¶pw- [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ ]c¼cm-KXam-b ]¦n-\pwA¸p-dap-−m-b Cu- am-äw- Hcp- ]p-Xn-b L«¯n-sâþkm-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâþDbÀ-¶p- hchn\v- CSbm-¡n- F¶p-Å \n-Ka\¯nÂ- At±lw- F¯n.- CXn-\v- khn-tijam-b A©vLSI§fp-−v- (3) ChbnÂ- H¶m-bn-cp-¶p- km-{am-Py-Xz- tI{µ§Ä- X½nÂ- X½n-ep-Å
In-SaÕcw-; X§fp-sS em-`w- ]cam-h[n-bm-¡p-¶Xn-\p-th−n- tem-I¯n-sâ ]p-\À- hn`P\¯n-\m-bp-Å ]cn-{ia¯nÂ- CXv- km-{am-PyXz- cm-Py-§Ä- X½n-ep-Å bp-²§Ä-¡nSbm-¡n.- Ccp-]Xmw- \q-äm-−n-sâ BZy- ]Ip-Xn-bnÂ- \S¶ c−v- tem-I bp-²§Ä- CXvkw-ibm-Xo-Xam-bn- Øn-co-Icn-¡p-¶p.- A§s\,- "km-{am-PyXz- irw-Jebn-se ZpÀ-_eamb I®n- s]m-«n-¨p-'sIm-−v,- djy³- hn-¹h¯n-s³d ap-t¶äs¯ klm-bn-¡p-¶Xn-\vXsâ Im-eL«¯n-se hÀ-Kiàn-Ifp-sS A´m-cm-{ã _em-_ew- Ir-Xy-am-bn- Xn-«s¸Sp¯m³- se\n³-, "aqÀ-¯amb km-lNcy-§fp-sS aqÀ-¯amb hn-iIe\w'- F¶ Xsâ
Xs¶ Aew-L\o-b XXz-w- {]tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibm-Wp-−m-bXv.F¶mÂ,- km-{am-Py-Xz-L«¯nÂ,- [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ DbÀ-¶p-hcthm-Sp-Iq-Sn,- "ap-Xem-fn¯ Ip-¯IIfp-sS ""hym-]m-c CS]m-Sp-IÄ''- [\m-[n-]Xy-hm-gv-Nbp-sS A[o-iXz-¯n-\vA\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- CSbm-¡pw'- F¶v- Xp-f¨p-Ibdp-¶ hy-àXtbm-sS se\n³- ap³-Iq-«nI−p.- [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ A[o-iXz-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b km-{am-Py-Xz-s¯ At±lw- \nÀ-hNn¨Xv- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ ]ctam-¶X L«w- F¶ \n-ebn-em-Wv.- AXnÂ- aq-e[\¯n-sâ
asäÃm- cq-]§Ä-¡pw-taÂ- [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ taÂ-t¡m-bv-a Øm-]n-¡s¸Sp-¶p.- "aqe[\¯n-sâ Ibäp-aXn'- F¶ LSIs¯ Iq-Sp-XÂ- hn-iIe\w- sNbv-Xp-sIm-−v- `m-hnsb kw-_Ôn-¨v- se\n³- C§s\ ZoÀ-LZÀi\w- sN¿p-¶p-: ""A§s\ A£cmÀ°¯nÂ-Xs¶,- tem-I¯n-se FÃm- cm-Py-§Ä-¡pw-taÂ- [\aq-e[\w- AXn-sâ he hoin-bncn--¡p-¶p- F¶v- ]d-bm-hp-¶-XmWv.'-'- ho−pw,- ""km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ khn-tij
e£Ww- hy-hkm-b aq-e[\aÃ,- adn-¨v-, [\-aq-e-[-\-am-Wv.''- (4)
A§s\,- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ L«¯nÂ- [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ A[o-iXz-s¯bpw- t\XrXz-s¯bpw- kw-_Ôn-¨v- am-{XaÃ,- se\n³- ap³-Iq-«n- ImWp¶Xv-; adn-¨v- em-`w- ]cam-h[nbm-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bp-Å ]cn-{ia¯nÂ- [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- aq-e[\¯n-sâ
FÃm- cq]-§-sfbpw hebnÂ-s]Sp-¯m³- Cu- {]{In-b CSbm-¡pw- F¶v- At±lw- Nq−n-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p.- BbXn-\mÂ,- km-{am-Py-Xz-s¯ kw-_Ôn-¨ se\n-sâ hn-iIe\aÃ
Akm-[p-hm-¡s¸«Xv- F¶v- hy-àam-Wv.- se\n³- ZoÀ-Lho-£Wt¯m-sS hn-iIe\wsN¿p-Ibpw- aXn-¸v- Im-Wp--Ibpw- hn-ebn-cp-¯p-Ibpw- sNbv-X,- AXn-sâ `m-hn-hn-Im-k
KXn-{Ia§sf ap³Iq«n ImWp-Ibpw sNbvX,- At±l¯n-sâ Im-eL«¯n-se kaqÀ¯ km-lNcy-§fm-Wv- Akm-[p-hm-¡s¸«Xv.- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n³-Io-gnÂ- A´m-cm-{ã
[\aq-e[\w- hln-¡p-¶ t\Xr-Xz-]chpw- A[o-iXz-]chp-am-b ]¦n-s\ kw-_Ôn-¨
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se\n-sâ {]hN\w- C¶v kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambn- icn-hbv¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p.- Hm-tcm-- cm-Py-¯nsebpw- X{´]cam-b hn-¹h e£y-§sf- ap-t¶m-«p-t]m-Ip¶-Xn-\mbn km-{am-Py-Xz-¯nsâ Ct¸m-gs¯ L«¯nÂ- [\aq-e[\w- hln-¡p-¶ ]¦n-s\¡p-dn-¨v- hn-iIe\w\S¯p-Ibpw- aXn-¸v- Im-Wp-Ibpw- hn-ebn-cp-¯p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶Xn-\v A§s\ C¶s¯
amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv-þse\n-\n-Ìp-IÄ- _m-[y-Øcm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.F¶mÂ,- A´m-cm-{ã [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ Cu- {]_eam-b A[o-iXzw- km-{am-Py-Xziàn-IÄ-¡n-Sbn-ep-Å sshcp-²y-§Ä- CÃm-Xm-¡p-sa¶v- [z-\n-¸n-¡p-¶n-Ã.- Ch \ne\nÂ-¡p-¶p-−v- F¶p-am-{XaÃ,- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ ASn-Øm-\ \n-baw- Akaam-b hnIk\am-bn-cn-s¡ `m-hn-bnÂ- Ah cq-£am-Ip-sa¶v- XoÀ-¨bp-am-Wv.- C¶s¯ tem-I¯nse hn-`h§Ä-¡p-taep-Å XmÂ-]cy-kw-L«\s¯- AYhm- tem-Is¯ ]p-\:{Iao-Icn¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å {ias¯-þ{]tXy-I kzm-[o-\taJeIÄ- kr-ãn-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bp-Å ]p-Xn-b
Hcp- ]p-\À-hn-`P\s¯þAhbp-sS `m-hn-bn-se Bt]£n-Iam-b iàn- {]Xn-^en-¸n-¡psa¶n-cn-s¡ CXv- ap-Xem-fn-¯ tI{µ§Ä- X½n-ep-Å XmÂ-]cy- kw-L«\§Ä-¡vCSbm-¡p-¶p.- hn-hn-[ km-{am-Py-Xz-iàn-IÄ- X½n-ep-Å `m-hn-bn-se Id³-kn- bp²§fnepw- CXv {]ISam-tb¡mw.- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-\v- t\«ap-−m-Ip-¶Xn-\m-bn-- tkm-jyen-Ìv- cm-Py-§fp-sSbpw- hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§fp-sSbpw- \m-Wb§fp-sS (Id³-kn-) hn-\nabaq-eyw- hÀ-[n-¸n--¡p-¶Xn-\v- C¯cw- kw-L«\§Ä- Ahbv-¡p-taÂ- k½À-±w- sNep¯p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n³-Io-gnÂ- an-¨aqeyw- AXn-sâ DÂ-]m-Z\{]{In-bbnÂ- am-{Xta DÂ-]m-Zn¸n-¡m³- Ign-bq.- Ch F§s\ kzmb-¯-am¡s¸SpIbpw hn-\y-kn-¡s¸SpIbpw
sN¿p¶p F¶p--ÅXv- IqSp-X ]W {]hm-ls¯ kr-ãn-t¨¡pw.- A´m-cm-{ã [\aqe[\¯n-sâ A\p-im-k\§Ä-¡p-Io-gnÂ- DÂ-]m-Z\{]{In-bbn-eq-sS X«n-sbSp-¡s¸Sp¶ an-¨w- ho-−pw- C§s\ hn-hn-[ coXn-IfnÂ- hn-\y-kn-¡s¸Sp-¶p.- AXn-\p-]p-dsa,- Dul¡¨hS¯n-eq-sS tImÀ-¸tdäp-Ifp-sS hn]Wn aq-e[\hÂ-¡cWw- hn-]p-es¸Sp-¯p¶Xn-\p-Å ]p-Xn-b [\ D]IcW§fp-sS kr-ãn-bn-eq-sS ]W{]hm-l§Ä-¡p-Å amÀK§Ä- hfsctbsd hn-]p-eam-¡s¸Sp-¶p.- A§s\ "Ip-an-fIÄ'- kr-ãn-¡s¸Sp-¶p-;
AXv- XmÂ-¡m-en-Iam-bn- k¼Zv-LS\sb Du-Xn-hoÀ-¸n-¡p-¶p-; ]t£ Ch A\n-hm-cy-ambpw- s]m-«n-¨n-Xdp-t¼mÄ- k¼Zv-LS\ {]Xn-kÔn-bnÂ- AIs¸Sp-¶p.C¶v- A´m-cm-{ã [\aq-e[\w- em-`w- ]cam-h[n-bm-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å AXn-sâ ]cn{ia¯nÂ- hym-hkm-bn-I aq-e[\hpambpw- aq-e[\¯n-sâ aäv- cq-]§fpambpw- Iq«ns¡-«-s¸-Sp¶p.- aq-e[\ k©b¯n-sâbpw- em-`w- ]cam-h[n-bm-¡en-sâbpw- Xe§Ä]n-s¶bpw- hen-btXm-XnÂ- hÀ-²n-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- ]p-Xn-b IS¶m-{IaW§Ä- sI«gn-¨phn-Sp-¶Xn-\v- Ct¸mÄ- A´m-cm-{ã [\aq-e[\w- s]m-Xp e£yt_m[-t¯m-sS \bn-¡p¶p.A´m-cm-{ã [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ I¸-\-IÄ A\p-k-cn¨v- em-`w- ]cam-h[n-bm-¡p-¶Xn\p-th−n- C§s\ tem-Is¯ ]p-\x{Iao-Icn-¡p-¶Xn-s\bm-Wv- \hen-_den-kw- F¶vhn-tijn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv.- Nc¡p-IÄ-¡pw- aq-e[\¯n-\pw- AXn-À-¯n-IÄ- ap-dn-¨p- IS¡p-¶Xn\p-Å \n-b{´W§Ä- \o-¡w-sN¿p-¶ \b§fn-eq-sSbm-Wv- H¶m-aXmbn- AXv- {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xv.- B`y-´c A] hy-hkm-bhÂ-¡cWw- Dfhm-¡n-s¡m-−v-, hn-in-jym- hnIkz-ccmPy-§fnÂ,- hym-]m-c DZm-chÂ-¡cWw- Xt±io-b DÂ-]m-ZIsc ]pdw-X-Åp¶p.DÂ-]m-Z\s¯bpw- hm-Wn-Py- CS]m-Sp-Isfbpw- cm-Py-¯n-\p-]p-d¯v- Ip-Sn-bn-cp-¯p-¶Xp-aqew-- hn-Ikn-X cm-Py-§fn-epw- CXv- kw-`hn-¡p-¶p.- C§s\Xs¶,- aq-e[\ {]hml§fpsS DZm-chÂ-¡cWw- _lp-cm-{ã tImÀ-¸-td-j-\p-IÄ¡v hn-tZi§fnÂ- B`y´c DÂ-]m-Z\ Bkv-Xn-IÄ- (\½p-sS s]m-Xp-taJesbt¸m-se) kzm-b¯am-¡m³- Ahkcw- \Â-Ip-¶p-; CXv- aq-e[\ k©bs¯ hfsctbsd hn-]p-eam-¡p¶p.tem-I k¼Zv-LS\bnÂ- sam-¯w- tNm-Z\ \n-ehm-cw- Xm-gv-¯p-¶Xn-\v- CSbm-¡p-¶
[\]cam-b A¨S¡¯n-sât]cnÂ- kÀ-¡mÀ- Nn-ehp-IÄ- \n-b{´n-¡p-¶Xp-t]m-sebpÅ \m-Wy-¨p-cp-¡ \b§Ä- (Nq-Xm-«]cam-b em-`w- s]cp-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\v- A´m-cm-{ã
[\aq-e[\¯n-\v Af-h-ä-tXmXnÂ- ]We`y-X D−m-¡ns¡m−v-) ASn-t¨Â-]n-¡p-¶Xv-;
hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§fn-se IÀjI P\-X-bvs¡-Xn-cmbn hym-]m-c hy-hØIfnÂ- am-äw- hcp¯p-¶Xv-; hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§fnÂ- Iq-Sp-X {]I-S-ambn- {]m-_ey-¯nÂ- hcp¶ hn[¯n hÀ-²n-¨tXm-XnÂ- kz-Im-cy-hÂ-¡r-Xam-bn-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-¶ km-aq-ly-tkh\§Ä{]Zm-\w-sN¿p-¶XnÂ-\n-¶v- kÀ-¡mÀ-taJe BtKm-fm-Sn-Øm-\¯nÂ- ]qÀ-®am-bn- ]n-·mdp-¶Xv-; em-`w- ]cam-h[n-bm-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- s]m-Xp tkh-\-§-fpsS- hfscb[n-Iw- ]p5
¯³-taJeIÄ- Xp-d¶p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xv-þF¶n-hbm-W-v aqe-[\ k©bw kp-Zr-Vam-¡p¶Xn-\p-Å aäp- amÀ-K§Ä. _u²nI kz¯-h-Im-i-§fpw Adn-hn\p taepÅ Ip¯I
\nb-{´-W-¯nsâ aäv cq]-§fpw Adn-hnsâ D¸m-Z-\-¯n-sâbpw ]p\-cp¸m-Z-\-¯nsâbpw taepÅ \nb-{´-W-¯n-eqsS h¼n¨ em`-§sf krjvSn-¡p-¶p.- C§s\,- kaImen-I km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ ]p-Xn-b khn-tijX,- em-`w- ]cam-h[n-bm-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- CXp
hsc \n-ehnÂ- CÃm-Xn-cp-¶ ]p-Xn-b amÀ-K§Ä- _ew-{]tbm-Kn-¨v- Xp-d¶p-sIm-Sp-¡emWv.2.-15 km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ Cu- ]p-Xn-b L«w- hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§fn-se h³InS _qÀ-jzm-kn-bnse hfsc hen-b hn-`m-Ks¯ AXn-sâ Iq«mfnIfm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- Cu- cm-Py-§fnÂ]eXn-epw- A]tIm-f\n-hÂ-¡cW¯n-\m-bp-Å t]m-cm-«w- Xt±io-b _qÀ-jzm-kn-bp-sS
t\Xr-Xz-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p- \S¶Xv-; kzm-X{´ym-\´cw- Ah Xm-cXtay-\ kzbw-`-cW apXem-fn-¯ hn-Ik\]m-X ]n-´p-Scm-\m-Wv- {ian-¨Xv.- C´y-bn-set¸m-se Xt±io-b `q-{]`pXz-hp-am-bn- Iq-«p-sI«nÂ- GÀ-s¸Sp-Ibpw- hn-tZi [\aq-e[\hp-am-bn- A\p-cRv-P\¯n-emhp-Ibpw- sN¿p-t¼mÄ-Xs¶ Hc-f-thmfw kz-X{´am-b ap-Xem-fn-¯ hn-Ik\]m-X ]n´p-Scm-\m-Wv- AXv- {ian-¨Xv-; hn-tZi \b¯nÂ- tNcn-tNcm-bv-a ]n-´p-SÀ-¶Xv- km-{am-PyXz-hp-am-bn- hn-et]iÂ- \S¯m³- tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-bs\ D]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xn-\v- AXn-s\
{]m-]v-Xam-¡n.- F¶mÂ,- C¯cw- hm-gv-NIfp-sS klPam-b B`y-´c sshcp-²y-§Äs¡m-¸w- tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-bsâ ]X\hpw- em-`w- ]cam-h[n-bm-¡p-¶Xv XpS-cp-¶-Xn\vCu- k¼Zv-LS\IÄ-¡p-Ån-te¡v- IS¶p Ibdm³- {ian-¡p-¶ A´m-cm-{ã [\aqe[\¯n-sâ DbÀ-¶p-hchpw- Iq-Sn-t¨À-¶v- hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§fn-se _qÀ-jzm-kn-bp-sS
Im-gv-N¸m-Sn-s\bm-sI am-än-adn-¨p.- Xm-cXtay-\ kzbw-`-c-W-]-c-amb \n-e]m-SnÂ-\n-¶v- hnIkz-c cm-Py-§fn-se Xt±io-b `cWhÀ-¤§Ä,- XmÂ-]cy- kw-L«\§fp-tSXmb Nn-e
taJeIÄ- D−m-bn-cp-¶n-«p-t]m-epw,- A´m-cm-{ã [\aq-e[\hp-am-bn- Iq-Sp-XÂ- klIcn¨p-sIm-−v- ap-Xem-fn-¯ hn-Ik\ ]Xbn-eq-sS ap-t¶dp-¶Xn-\v- B¡w-Iq-«n--bncn-¡p-IbmWv; A§s\ Ah \hen-_den-ks¯ hcn-¨ncn-¡p¶p.2.-16 ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ Ncn-{X¯n-ep-S\o-fw,- c−p-hn-[¯n-em-Wv- aq-e[\k©bw- \S¡p¶Xv.- H¶v- AXn-sâ DÂ-]m-Z\{]{In-b CXÄ hnSÀ¯p-¶-Xn-eqsS aq-e[\ hn-]p-eoIcW (ssI-¡-em-¡Â)¯n-sâ km-[m-cW KXn-X{´¯n-eq-sS; c−m-at¯Xv,_e{]tbm-K¯n-eq-sSbpw- X\n- sIm-ÅbSn-¡en-eq-sSbp-am-Wv- (_e{]tbm-K¯n-eqsSbp-Å ]n-Sn-s¨Sp-¡Â-). aq-e[\¯n-sâ BZn-a k©bw- F¶ \n-ebn-em-Wv- AXn-sâ
ar-Ko-bXsb amÀ-Iv-kv- \nÀ-hNn-¨Xv.- BZn-a k©bw Ncn-{X]cam-b Hcp- kwhÀKw (ImäKdn-) F¶ \n-ebnÂ- ]et¸m-gpw- sXäm-bn- hym-Jym-\n-¡s¸Sm-dp-−v-þBZn-aw hn]-coXw
B[p-\n-Iw- F¶ \n-ebnÂ. amÀ-Iv-kn-s\ kw-_Ôn-¨n-St¯m-fw,- AXp-sIm-−p-Xs¶
amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìp-Isf kw-_Ôn-¨n-St¯m-fhpw,- BZn-ak©bw- A]{KYn-¡m-hp-¶ H-cpkw-hÀ--Kam-Wv-; ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ km[m-cWKXn-bn-ep-Å KXn-X{´ \n-bat¯m-sSm-¸wAXv- Ncn-{X]cam-bn- klhÀ-¯n-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶p.- Ign-ª Im-e§fnÂ- BZn-a
k©b {]{In-b t\cn-«p-Å tIm-f\n-hÂ-¡cWw- DÄ-s¸sS ]e cq-]§Ä- kzo-Icn-¨n-«p−v.- BZn-a k©b¯n-sâ B{IatWm-Õp-IX,- GXv- Im-eL«¯n-epw- {]Xy-£am-bpwhÀ-¤iàn-Ifp-sS A´m-cm-{ã _em-_es¯bm-Wv- B{ibn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- AXvC¯c¯n-ep-Å ap-Xem-fn-¯ ar-Ko-bXbp-sS aqÀ-¯o-`m-hs¯ A\p-hZn-¡p-Itbm- XSÊ-s¸-Sp¯pItbm- sN¿p-¶p.- kaIm-en-I km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ Ct¸m-gs¯ Zi-bnÂ
BZn-a k©b¯nsâ arKo-bX C¯-c-¯n Xo-£v-Wam-Ip-¶Xv- tem-I P\X-bn-se,hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§fn-sebpw- hn-Ikn-X cmPy-§-fn-sebpw alm-`q-cn-]£w- hcp-¶ hn-`mKs¯ IS¶m-{Ian-¡p-¶p.2.-17 ap-Xem-fn-¯ tem-I¯p-S\o-fw,- hn-in-jym- C´y-sbt¸m-sebp-Å hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§fnÂ,s]m-Xp-taJebp-sS Hm-lcn- hn-ägn-¡en-\pw- kz-Im-cy-hÂ-¡cW¯n-\pw- CSbm-¡p-¶
C¯cw- ssItbä§Ä- s]m-Xp- Bkv-Xn-Ifp-sS ]n-Sn-¨S¡en-eq-sSbp-Å kz-Im-cy- aqe[\ k©baÃm-sX asäm-¶p-aÃ.- shÅw,- DuÀ-Öw- F¶n-ht]m-sebp-Å s]m-XpD]t`m-Kkm-a{Kn-Ifpwhn-Zym-`ym-kw,Btcm-KywF¶n-§s\bp-Å
s]m-Xptkh\§fpw- kz-Im-cy- aq-e[\ k©b¯n-sâ aÞe§fm-bn- hen-btXm-XnÂ- am-dns¡m-−n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- J\n-P hn-`h§fp-sStaep-Å \nb-{´Ww kz-Im-cy-taJebv-¡mIp-¶Xpw- hÀ-²n-¨p-hcn-Ibm-Wv.- _lp-cm-{ã hn-¯v- I¼\n-¡pw- hn-]W\I¼\n-IÄ-¡pam-bn- ImÀ-jn-Icw-Kw- hen-btXm-XnÂ- Xp-d¶p-sIm-Sp-¯p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶Xv- hn-Ikz-ccmPy-§fn-se kzbm-{inX Ir-jn- -XoÀ-¯pw- \in-¸n¡s¸Sp-¶Xn-\n-Sbm-¡p-¶p-; CXv- IÀjI P\km-am-\y-s¯ ISp-¯ Zp-cn-X§fn-te¡v- XÅn-ho-gv-¯p-¶p.- hym-]m-c Np¦-§Ä
6
\o-¡w-sN¿p-¶Xpw- kz-X{´ hym-]m-c¡cm-dp-IÄ- ASn-t¨Â-]n-¡p-¶Xpw- ]e hn-Ikz-c
cm-Py-§fn-epw- A]hy-hkm-bhÂ-¡cW¯n-\n-Sbm-¡p-¶p.- aq-e[\¯n-\p-Å Ne\kzmX{´y-¯nÂ-\n-¶v- hy-Xy-kv-Xam-bn,- hn-Ikn-X cm-Py-§fn-se IÀ-¡iam-b B`y-´c Ip-Sntbä \n-ba§Ä- cq-£am-b Nq-jW¯n-\pw- ASn-¨aÀ-¯en-\pw- CSbm-¡p-t¼mÄ,- em-`w]cam-h[n-bm-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.- h\§Ä,- J\n-IÄ,- shÅw- Xp-S§n- FÃm-hÀ¡pw
Ah-Im-i-s¸« s]mXp hn-`h§Ä- kz-Im-cy-kz-s¯¶ \n-ebnÂ- GsäSp-¡p-¶Xv- hÀ-²n¨p-hcn-Ibm-Wv.2.-18 ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n³-Io-gnÂ- `cWIq-Sw,- AXn-sâ cq-]w- F´p-Xs¶bm-bm-epw,- _qÀ-jzmkÀ-hm-[n-]Xyw- Xs¶bm-bn-cn-¡pw.- kaIm-en-I km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n³-Io-gnÂ,- A´m-cm-{ã
[\aq-e[\¯n-sâ XmÂ-]cy-§Ä- ap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−p-t]m-hp-I F¶ AXn-sâ Ct¸mgs¯ Bhiy-§Ä-¡v- A\p-kr-Xam-bn- `cWIq-S¯n-sâ ]¦nÂ- am-äw- hcp-¶p.- Cu`cWIq-Sw- ]et¸m-gpw- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶Xv- A´m-cm-{ã [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ BÚIÄ¡\p-kcn-¨m-Wv.- BbXn-\mÂ,- km-aq-ly- D¯chm-Zn-Xz-§fpw- P\§tfm-Sp-Å _m-[yXIfpw- `cWIq-Sw- ssIshSn-bp-¶Xn-sâ AÀ-°w- km-¼¯n-I {]hÀ-¯\§fnÂ-\n¶pw- `cWIq-Sw- ]n-·m-dp-¶p-sh¶Ã.- A´m-cm-{ã [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ XmÂ-]cy-§Ä\nÀ-eÖw- kw-c£n-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- `cWIq-S¯n-sâ ]¦v- am-dp-Ibm-Wv.- Cu- {]{InbbnÂ,- `cWIq-Sw- AXn-sâ km-aq-ly- D¯chm-Zn-Xz-§Ä- ssIshSn-bp-¶p-sh¶v- am{XaÃ,- P\m-[n-]Xy- Øm-]\§sf XIÀ-¡p-Ibpw- \n-ba\nÀ-½m-W{]{In-b¡p-taep-Å
P\§fp-sS ]cam-[n-Im-cs¯ A«n-adn-¡p-Ibp-w- Aan-Xm-[n-Im-c- kz-`m-hw hÀ²-am-\-amb
tXmXnÂ- kzo-Icn-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.2.-19 kz-Im-cy- aq-e[\ k©b{]{In-bbp-sS C¯c¯n-ep-Å IS¶p-Ibäw- h³-tXm-Xn-ep-Å
Agn-aXn--¡v- Ct¶hsc Adn-bs¸Sm-Xn-cp-¶ hgn-IÄ- Xp-d¶n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- Agn-aXnBtcm-]W§sf Xp-SÀ-¶v- hn-Ikn-X cm-Py-§fn-sebpw- hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§fn-sebpw- ]e
`cWm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw- \n-ew-]Xn-¨p.- (5) km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n³-Io-gnÂ\hen-_dÂ- ]cn-jv-IcW§Ä- kr-ãn-¨ C¯cw- ]p-¯³- amÀ-K§Ä- aq-eam-Wv- ap-Jy-ambpw- h¼³- Agn-aXn-Ifn-eq-sS C´y-bnÂ- h³-tXm-Xn-ep-Å sIm-Å \S¡p-¶Xv.2.-20 aq-e[\ k©b¯n-sâ c−v- {]{In-bIfpw- Htckabw kam-´cam-bn- {]hÀ-¯n-¡pt¼mÄ-Xs¶, apX-em-fn-¯-¯nsâ "ssIhis¸Sp-¯en-eq-sSbp-Å aq-e[\ k©bw'F¶ {]{In-b-bnÂ\n¶v hyXn-cnàam-bn- "_ew- {]tbm-Kn-¨p-Å ]n-Sn-s¨Sp-¡en-eq-sSbpÅ aq-e[\k©bw'-,- kaIm-en-I km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ AXn-{][m-\ khn-tijXbm-bnam-dn-bn-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.-
III
\hen-_dÂ- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ
\n-e\nÀ-¯m-\m-hm-bv-abpw- ap-Xem-fn-¯ {]Xn-kÔn-bpw3.-1 km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ C¯c¯n-ep-Å DbÀ-¨,- \½p-sS ]mÀ-Sn {]tab-§-fnÂ- \mw- hn-iIe\w- sNbv-Xn-«p-ÅXp-t]m-se,- \n-e\nÀ-¯m-\m-hm-¯Xm-Wv.- am{XaÃ,- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-\v- Nq-jWcln-Xtam- {]Xn-kÔn- cln-Xtam- Bb hy-hØn-Xnbm-Im³- Ign-bn-à F¶ amÀ-Iv-kn-sâ hn-iIe\¯n-sâ {]kàn- hy-àam-¡p-¶ \½psS 14þmw- ]mÀ-Sn- tIm¬-{Kkn-sâ {]tab¯n-se [m-cW \½p-sS ]mÀ-Sn- ]cn-]m-Sn-bnÂBhÀ-¯n-¨v- hy-àam-¡n-bn-«p-ap-−v.- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ Cu- au-en-Iam-b c−v- khntijXIsfbp-tam- AXnÂ- GsX¦n-epw- H¶n-s\tbm- CÃm-Xm-¡m³- Hcp-hn-[¯n-ep-Å
]cn-jv-IcW¯n-\pw- Ign-bn-Ã.- Im-cWw-; ap-Xem-fn-¯ DÂ-]m-Z\{]{In-bbnÂ-Xs¶ thÀs]Sp-¯m-\m-hm-¯hn-[w- sI«p-]n-Wªv- ØnXn sN¿p-¶-h-bmWv Cu- khn-tijXIÄ.AXnÂ-\n-¶v- D−m-Ip-¶Xm-Wv- DÂ-]m-Z\¯n-sâ km-aq-ly-kz-`m-hhpw- ssIhis¸Sp¯en-sâ hy-àn-KX kz-`m-hhpw- X½n-epÅ AXn-sâ ASn-Øm-\ sshcp-²yw.- ap-Xemfn-¯¯n-\v- "am-\p-jn-Iap-Jw'- D−m-¡p-¶ ]cn-jv-Im-cw- kw-_Ôn-¨v- tkm-jyÂ- Utam-{Ikn- ]c¯p-¶ FÃm- hym-tam-l§sfbpw- AXv- kz-bw- \n-tj[n-¡p-Ibm-Wv.3.-2 sXm-gn-en-sâ kz-`m-hhpw- LS\bpw-þ Im-bn-Itam- am-\kn-Itam- (_p-²n-]ctam)-- GXpsXm-gn-em-bm-epwþ-- Cu- Nq-jW {]{In-bbnÂ- hen-b am-äsam-¶pw- hcp-¯p-¶n-Ã.- sXm-gnem-fn-hÀ-K¯n-sâ (Im-bn-ItPm-en- sN¿p-¶)- kz-`m-hw- amÀ-Iv-kn-sâ Im-et¯XnÂ-\n-¶vB[p\n-I Im-eL«am-bt¸m-tg¡v- hfsctbsd am-dn-bn-«p-s−¶pw- Im-bn-ItPm-en- sN¿p¶hcp-sS A\p-]m-Xw- amÀ-Iv-kn-sâ Im-et¯Xn-s\ At]£n¨v- FSp-¯p-]db¯¡hn7
3.-3
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[¯nÂ- Ip-dªn-«p-s−¶p-w- AXn-\mÂ- amÀ-Iv-kn-sâ hn-iIe\¯n-\v- C\n-sbm-«pw- km[p-Xbn-söpw- DÅ hm-ZKXn-bp-sS bpàn-cm-ln-Xy-s¯-bmWv CXv- Xp-d¶p-Im-Wn-¡p¶Xv.- ap-Xem-fn-¯ DÂ-]m-Z\{]{In-bbnÂ- A[zm-\-iIv-Xn- DÂ-]m-Z\w- \S¯p-¶n-St¯mfw- Im-ew,- AXv- Nq-jWw- sN¿s¸Sp-¶p--; AXm-Wv- an-¨aq-ey-¯n-sâbpw- AXp-hgn- em`¯n-sâbpw- {]`hØm-\w-þ AXm-Wv- apX-em-fn-¯-¯n\v apJy \nZm-\w.
]-t£- am-\-kn-I-am-b- (_p-²n-]-c-am-b-)- tPm-en- sN-¿p-¶-h-cp-sS- A-\p-]m-Xw- hÀ-[n-¡p-¶tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn,- X-§Ä- Ct¸mÄ Nq-j-Ww- sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶-hc
- -sÃ-¶pw- ap-X-em-fn-¯-¯n-sâ- ""]¦m-fn-IÄ''--BsW-¶pw- D-Å- an-Yym-[m-c-W- A-h-cnÂ- Nn-e- hn-`m-K-§Ä-¡n-S-bnÂ- D-−m-¡s¸-Sp-¶p.- Nq-j-Ww- sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cp-sS- hÀ-K-sF-Iy-s¯- X-IÀ-¡p-¶- A-h-k-c-¯n¯-s¶,- C-h-cnÂ- Nn-e- hn-`m-K-§Ä- A-¯-cw- hym-tam-l-§Ä-¡v- C-c-bmbn¯o-cp-Ibpw
A-§-s\- \-h-en-_-d-en-k-s¯ Xm§n-\nÀ¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.- Cu- {]-h-W-X-sb- {]-Xy-bim-kv-{X-]-c-am-bn- shÃp-hn-fn-¡p-Ibpw t\cn-Sp-Ibpw- sN-t¿-−-Xp-−v.AsX´m-bm-epw- C¶s¯ \hen-_dÂ- IS¶m-{IaWw,- AXn-s\ `w-Kp-cam-¡p-¶ {]hW-X-I-sfbpw D−m-¡n-bn-«p-−v.- Cu- Im-cyw- kv-Ym-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn,- BtKm-fh¡cW¯n-sâ c−v- {][m-\ khn-tijXIÄ- Du-¶n-¸dtb−Xm-bn-«p-−v.- H¶m-aXv,- Cu{]{In-btbm-sSm-¸w, Hm-tcm- cm-Py-¯n-\I¯pw-- [\n-Icpw- Zcn-{Zcpw X½n-epw- hn-Ikn-X cmPy-§fpw hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§fpw X½n-epw- DÅ hÀ-[n-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶ km-¼¯n-I
AkaXz-§fpw- D−m-Ip-¶p-−v.- (6)- c−m-aXv,- ""sXm-gn-en-Ãm-¯ hfÀ-¨''- F¶ {]Xn-`mk¯n-\m-Wv- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cWw- P·w- \Â-In-bn-«p-ÅXv.- ]cam-h[n- em-` kw-`cW¯nsâ k©m-c]Yw,- a\p-jym-[zm-\s¯ am-än- ]Icw,- a\p-jy-hn-`htijn- hn-Ikn-¸n-¡p¶Xn-t\¡mÄ- km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy- hn-Ikn-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- Iq-Sp-XÂ- \n-t£]w- \S¯p¶Xn-\m-Wv- A\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- {ian-¡p-¶Xv F¶Xm-Wv- AXn-\p-Im-cWw.- Cu- ImebfhnÂ- BtKm-fXe¯nÂ- Pn-Un-]n- hfÀ-¨tb¡mÄ- FÃm-bv-t¸m-gpw- Xm-gv-¶Xmbn-cp¶p-- sXm-gnÂ- hfÀ-¨.- (7)- Cu- c−v- khn-tijXIfpw- Iq-«n-t¨À-¯p-sh¨mÂ,- temIP\kw-Jy-bnÂ- alm-`q-cn-]£¯n-sâbpw- hm-§Â-¡gn-hv- CSn-ªp-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-IbmWv- F¶m-Wv- e`n-¡p--¶ AÀ-Yw.DÂ-]m-Zn-¸n-¡s¸«h hnÂ-¡s¸Sm-Xn-cn-¡p-t¼m-Ä- an-¨aq-eyw- em-`am-¡n- am-äm³- Ign-bm¯Xp-Im-cWw- ap-Xem-fn-¯w- A\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- {]Xn-kÔn-bn-te¡v- ap-Xe¡q-¸v- Ip-¯p¶p.- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-s³d Cu- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW ZibnÂ- A¯cw- {]Xn-kÔn- hn-hn[ cq-]§fnÂ- BhÀ-¯n-¨m-hÀ-¯n-¨v- D−m-bn-s¡m-t−bn-cn-¡pw.- (8)- CXv- ap-Xem-fn¯s¯ \n-e\nÂ-¡m-\m-hm-¯-Xm-¡n-¯oÀ-¡p-¶p.- {]Xn-kÔn- L«s¯ A`n-ap-Jo-Icn¡p-t¼mÄ,- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ kv-Yn-cw- kz-`m-h¯n-¶\p-kcn-¨v,- Cu {]Xn-kÔn-sb hnhn-[ amÀ-K§fn-eq-sS adn-IS¡p-¶Xn-\v- - ap-Xem-fn-¯w- {ian-¡p-¶p.- Cu- {]{In-bbv-¡nSbnÂ- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-\v- Hcp- hÀ-¯am-\Im-e {]Xn-kÔn-sb XmÂ-¡m-en-Iam-bnXcWw- sN¿m³- Ign-tª-¡mw.- F¶mÂ- AXv- `m-hn-bn-se- Iq-Sp-XÂ- AKm-[am-b {]XnkÔn-bv-¡p-Å ASn-¯dbn-Sp-Ibm-Wv- A\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- sN¿p-I.Cu- ]cn-Xx-kv-Yn-Xn-bnÂ- X§fp-sS em-`\n-ehm-cw- \n-e\nÀ-¯p-¶Xn-\pw- hn-]p-es¸Sp-¯p¶Xn-\p-am-bn- ap-Xem-fn-¯w- Hcp- amÀ-Kw- Xn-csªSp-¯p- þ hm-bv-]sbSp-¡m³- P\§sf
t{]cn-¸n-¨p-sIm-−v- Ahcp-sS hm-§Â-¡gn-hv- hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-Ibm-bn-cp-¶p- AXv.- A§s\
P\§Ä- sNehgn-bv-¡p-¶Xp- hgn- X§fp-sS em-` k¼m-Z\ \n-ehm-cw- \n-e\nÀ-¯n.F¶mÂ- Cu- hm-bv-]IÄ- Xn-cn-¨Sbv-t¡− L«w- hcp-t¼mÄ- A[-aÀ-WcnÂ- alm-`q-cn]£¯n-tâbpw- km-¼¯n-I kv-Yn-Xn- CSn-ª ]iv-Nm-¯e¯nÂ,- A\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- Xncn-¨ShnÂ- ho-gv-N kw-`hn-bv-¡pw.- Atacn-¡bnÂ- kw-`hn-¨Xv- icn-¡pw- CXp-Xs¶bm-Wv.Cu-bn-sSbp-−m-b k_v-ss{]w- hm-bv-]m- {]Xn-kÔn- hym-]Iam-b ]Ww-- Xn-cn-¨Shv- ho-gvNbn-te¡v- \bn-¡p-Ibpw- AXv- tem-Iap-Xem-fn-¯ hy-hkv-Ysb hn-gp-§p-Ibpw- sNbvXp.- (9)F¶p-Xs¶bÃ,- DbÀ-¶ em-`w- tXSp-¶ aq-e[\w,- ]p-Xn-b ]pXn-b Nc¡p-IÄ- Xp-SÀ¨bm-bn- DÂ-]m-Zn-¸n-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-Ibpw- AXn-eq-sS X§fp-sS hn-]Wn-bn-S]m-Sp-IÄhn-]p-es¸Sp-¯n-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.- amÀ-Ivk
- v- ]dªn-«p-ÅXp-t]m-se,- ""DÂ]m-Z\w- Bfp-IÄ¡p th− DÂ-]¶§Ä- D−m-¡p-I am-{XaÃ, DÂ-]¶§Ä¡p-th−
Bfp-Isf D−m-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p-−v''.- (10)- A´mcm-jv-{S [\aq-e[\¯n-s³d \nbaw- A\p-kcn-¨v,- em-`w- ]cam-h[n-bm-¡n-¯oÀ-¡p-¶Xn-\p-th−n- Nq-Xm-«kz-`m-hap-Å
taJeIÄ- h³-tXm-XnÂ- hn-Ikn-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- ap-Xem-fn-¯w- ]p-Xn-b [\]cam-b-
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Nc¡p-Isf DÂ-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶p.- \m-iw- hcp-¯n-sh¨Xpw- C¶s¯ {]Xn-kÔn- D−m-¡nsh¨Xp-am-b C¯cw- Nc¡p-Ifn-sem-¶v- ""sUdn-thäo-hp-Ifp''-sS hym-]m-cam-Wv-.- (11)ap-Xem-fn-¯ hy-hkv-YbnÂ- A´À-eo-\am-bn-«p-Å kz-`m-ham-b,- F´p- sNbv-Xpw- em-`w]cam-h[n- hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å tcm-K\n-Zm-\]cam-b Cu- Xz-cbm-Wv- (GsX¦n-epw- Nnecp-sS hy-Iv-Xn-]cam-b BÀ-¯n-tbm- AYhm- \n-b{´W kw-hn-[m-\§fp-sS ZuÀ-_eytam- AÃ)- C¶s¯ {]Xn-kÔn-bp-sS aq-eIm-cWw.t\Sn-b em-`w- hn-]p-eo-Icn-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶ DÂ-]m-Z\¯p-dIfnÂ- ho-−pw- \n-t£]n-¨ncp-¶p-sh¦nÂ,- AXn-sâ ^eam-bn- D−m-Ip-¶ sXm-gnÂ-kr-jv-Sn-bn-eq-sS P\§fp-sS hm§Â-¡gn-hv- hÀ-[n-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p-; AXv- sam-¯¯n-ep-Å Un-am³Uv- hÀ-[n-bv-¡p-¶Xn-¶nSbm-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p-; AXn-sâ ^eam-bn- hy-hkm-bhÂ-¡cW¯n-\pw- bYmÀ-° k¼Zvhy-hkv-Ybp-sS hfÀ-¨bv-¡pw- AXv- Dt¯P\w- \Â-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p-þ AXm-bXv- hnIk\¯n-eq-sSbp-Å aq-e[\ k©bhpw- A§s\ AXn-sâ ssIhis¸Sp-¯epw\S¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p.- ]t£,- A´m-cm-jv-{S [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ AXn-`o-aam-b k©bw,Aan-Xam-b em-`w- BÀ-Pn-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å hy-{KXbv-¡n-SbnÂ,- Cu- {]{In-bbv-¡¸p-dw]cam-h[n- em`w- D−m-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å Nq-Xm-« kz-`m-hap-Å ]p-Xn-b Xp-dIÄ- \n-c´cwBcm-ªp-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶p.Npcp-¡n-¸-d-ªmÂ,- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯ns³d-Io-gnÂ,- tem-IP\kw-Jy-bnÂ- alm-`qcn-]-£-¯n-sâbpw hm-§Â-¡gn-hv- Ip-¯s\ CSn-ªp-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ,- hfsc
thK¯nÂ- em-`w- D−m-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å Xz-ctbm-Sp-Iq-Sn,- [\aq-e[\w,- ]en-i Ip-dª
(k_v-ss{]w)- hm-bv-]IÄ- \Â-In-s¡m-−pw- Du-lm-[n-jvT
- n-Xam-b ""Ip-an-fIÄ''- D−m-¡ns¡m-−pw- Ir-{Xn-aam-bn- hm-§Â-¡gn-hv- hn-]p-eam-¡p-I F¶ Du-lm-[n-jv-Tn-Xam-b amÀKam-Wv- Xn-csªSp-¡p-¶Xv.- C¯cw- hm-bv-]IÄ- sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xn-eq-sS em-`ap-−m¡s¸Sp-¶p-−v.- F¶mÂ- Xn-cn-¨Sbv-t¡− L«w- hcp-t¼mÄ- ho-gv-N kw-`hn-¡p-¶p.- AXvhm-bv-]sbSp-¯hsc \in-¸n-¡p-Ibpw- hy-hkv-Ysb¯s¶ hn-Ieam-¡n-¯oÀ-¡p-IbpwsN¿p-¶p.- Ct¸m-gs¯ BtKm-f ap-Xem-fn-¯ {]Xn-kÔn-bv-¡v- CShcp-¯n-s¡m-−v,CXm-Wv- icn-¡pw- AXn-`o-aam-b AfhnÂ- kw-`hn-¨Xv.iIv-Xam-b Hcp- cm-jv-{So-b _Zen-sâ A`m-h¯nÂ,- ap-Xem-fn-¯w- Cu- {]Xn-kÔn-bnÂ\n-¶v- c£s¸s«¶p-hcm-w.- F¶m-eXv- Nq-jWw- Iq-Sp-XÂ- Xo-£v-Wam-¡n-s¡m-−pw- BZna aq-e[\k©bw- Iq-Sp-XÂ- cq-£am-¡p-¶ {]{In-bbn-eq-sSbpw- Bbn-cn-¡pw.- C¶nt¸mÄ- FÃm- taJeIfn-epw- {]ISam-bn-«p-Å km-{am-Py-Xz- IS¶m-{IaW Xz-c AXm-WvIm-Wn-¡p-¶Xv.C-¶p CXÄ- hn-SÀ-¯n-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-¶Xv- B-hÀ-¯n-¨p-sIm-t−-bn-cn-¡p-¶- {]-Xn-k-ÔnI-fp-sS- A¯csam-cp-- {]-{In-b- X-s¶-bm-Wv-.- ap-X-em-fn-¯- `-c-W-Iq-S-¯n-s³d- kz-`m-h-a\p-k-cn-¨v,- Cu- {]-Xn-k-Ôn-bv-¡v- {]m-Y-an-I-am-bpw- Im-c-W-¡m-cm-b- A-tX- [\]cam-b- `o-a·mÀ-¡v,- A-¼-c-¸n-¡p-¶- hn-[w- hen-b- Xp-I-bp-sS- c£s¸Sp-¯Â- klm-bw-- \Â-In-s¡m−v,- {]-Xn-k-Ôn-sb- X-c-Ww- sN-¿m-\m-Wv- A-Xv- {i-an-¨-Xv.- D-bnÀ-s¯-gp-t¶Â-]v- \-S-¯p-¶Xn-\pw- h-¼n-¨- em-`w- D-−m-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- C-Xv- [\`o-a-·m-sc- A-\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- A-\p-h-Zn-¨p(12)- AtX Ahkc¯nÂ-¯s¶,- A¯cw- c£s¸Sp-¯Â- klm-bw-- \nÀ-hln--¡m³Bhiy-am-b ]W¯n-\p-th−n- h¼n-¨ AfhnÂ- hm-bv-]IÄ- hm-§m³- \nÀ-_Ôn-XamIp-¶ ap-Xem-fn-¯ cm-Py-§fn-se Kh¬-saâp-IÄ-¡p-taÂ- AXv- \Sp-shm-Sn-¡p¶ `m-cwIbän-shbv-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.- -ap-Xem-fn-¯w- AXn-s³d bYmÀ-Xv-Y kz-`m-h¯n-¶\pkcn-¨v,- h¼n-¨ AfhnÂ- cm-Py-§fp-sStaÂ- hm-bv-]m- _m-[y-X hcp-¯n-shbv-¡p-t¼mįs¶ em-`w- D−m-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å Xp-dIsf kw-c£n-¡p-Ibpw- bYmÀ-Xv-Y¯nÂ- hn-]pes¸Sp-¯p-I Xs¶bpw- sNbv-Xn-«p-−v.- C§s\ tImÀ-¸tdäp-Ifp-sS ]m-¸c¯s¯ cmPy-§fp-sS ]m-¸c¯am-bn- am-än-¯oÀ-¡p-¶p; bq-tdm-]y³- bq-Wn-b\n-se ]e cm-Py§sfbpw- Atacn-¡sb¯s¶bpw- AXv- _m-[n-¨n-«p-−v.ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ bYmÀ-° kz-`m-h¯n-¶\p-kcn-¨p- Xs¶,- ]cam-[n-Im-c cm-Py-§fpsS Cu- ]m-¸c¯¯n-sâ `m-cw,- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯n-sâbpw- A[zm-\n-¡p-¶ P\§fpsSbpw- (13)- taep-Å A`q-X]qÀ-ham-b `m-c¯n-sâ cq-]¯nÂ- Ahcp-sS XebnÂ- sI«ntbÂ-¸n-¡s¸Sp-¶p.- C¯cw- hm-bv-]IÄ- Xn-cn-¨Sbv-¡p-¶Xn-\v- ]Ww- Is−¯p-¶Xn-\pth−n,- sNehp-Np-cp-¡en-sâ t]cnÂ,- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-Khpw- A[zm-\n-¡p-¶ P\hn-`mK§fpw- C¶v- A\p-`hn-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶ B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw- AhIm-i§fpw- Ip-¯s\
sh«n-¡p-dbv-¡p-¶ hn-[¯n-ep-Å ""sNehp-Np-cp-¡Â- \S]Sn-IÄ''-- sI«n-tbÂ-¸n-¡s¸Sp¶p.- A§s\,- P\§fp-sS taep-Å Nq-jWw- Iq-Sp-XÂ- cq-£am-¡n-s¡m-−v,- Cu {]Xn9
3.-14
3.-15
3.-16
3.-17
kÔnbnÂ-\n-¶v- c£s¸Sp-hm³- ap-Xem-fn-¯w- Hcn-¡Â-¡q-Sn- {ian-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-IbmWv.BtKm-f ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ Cu- {iaw- Xs¶,- Iq-Sp-XÂ- AKm-[am-b {]Xn-kÔn-bv-¡pÅ hn-¯p-IÄ- kz-bw- ]m-In-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-¶p-−v.- AXv- Ct¸mÄ-¯s¶ Bcw-`n-¨p-Ignªp.- sXm-gn-en-Ãm-bv-a Ip-¯s\ hÀ-²n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw- P\§fp-sS hm-§Â- Ign-hv- Ip¯s\ CSn-¨p- Xm-gv-¯p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶ C¯cw- sNehp-Np-cp-¡Â- \S]Sn-Ifp-sS ^eambn,- am-µy-¯n-sâ ]cn-Xx-kv-Yn-Xn- Iq-Sp-XÂ- cq-£am-bn-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv-.- (14)AsX´m-bm-epw- t\ct¯ kq-Nn-¸n-¨t]m-se,- {]Xn-kÔn- F{Xam-{Xw- aqÀ-NvOn-¨XmsW¦nÂ-¯s¶bpw- ap-Xem-fn-¯w- Hcn--¡epw- Xm-t\- XIcp-Ibn-Ã.- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n³IognÂ- \n-e\nÂ-¡p-¶ DÂ-]m-Z\_Ô§fpw- DÂ-]m-Z\iIv-Xn-Ifp-sS hfÀ-¨bpwX½n-ep-Å k´p-e\w- ]p-\x-kv-Ym-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-th−n,- DÂ-]m-Z\iIv-Xn-Ifn-se Hcp- `mKs¯ \in-¸n-¨p-sIm-−v,- Hm-tcm- {]Xn-kÔn-bnÂ-\n-¶pw- ap-Xem-fn-¯w Iq-Sp-XÂ- iIvXam-bn- DbÀ-¶p-hcp-¶p- F¶ amÀ-Iv-kn-s³d hn-iIe\w- A\p-kv-acn-¡p-I.- Nq-jWs¯
Iq-Sp-XÂ- cq-£am-¡n-¯oÀ-¡p-¶ Hcp- {]{In-bbm-Wn-Xv.AXp-sIm-−v- ap-Xem-fn-¯s¯ Io-gv-s¸Sp--t¯−Xp-−v.- aq-e[\¯n-sâ hm-gv-Ns¡Xn-cmbn- cm-jv-{So-b IS¶m-{IaWw- sXm-Sp-¯p-hn-Sp-¶Xn-\v- P\Io-b kac§fn-eq-sS hÀKkacs¯ cq-£am-¡n-¯oÀ-¡p-hm³- sIÂ-¸p-Å sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯n-sâ t\Xr-Xz¯nÂ- kaq-l¯n-se `u-Xn-IiIv-Xn-sb Iq-Sp-XÂ- iIv-Xn-s¸Sp-¯p--¶Xn-s\bm-Wv,- AXv\nÀ-Wm-bIam-b hn-[¯nÂ- B{ibn-¨p- \nÂ-¡p-¶Xv.- Cu `u-Xn-IiIv-Xn-sbbpw- AXnsâ Icp-¯n-s\bpw- sI«n-¸Sp-¡p-¶Xm-Wv- ""BXv-a\n-jv-T LSIw''- þ -AXn-s\ Iq-Sp-XÂiIv-Xn-s¸Sp-t¯−Xv- A\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- AXy-´m-t]£n-Xam-Wv.- ""hkv-Xp-\n-jv-T''LSIw- ({]Xn-kÔn-bp-sS aqÀ-¯am-b ]cn-Xx-kv-Yn-Xn)- hn-¹hIcam-b ap-t¶ä¯n-\vF{Xam-{Xw- A\p-Iq-eam-sW¦nÂ-¯s¶bpw,-- ""Cu- BXv-a\n-jv-T LSIs¯''- iIv-Xns¸Sp-¯m-sX,- aq-e[\¯n-sâ hm-gv-Ns¡Xn-cm-b hn-¹hIcam-b IS¶m-{IaWam-bnAXn-s\ am-än-¯oÀ-¡m-\m-hn-Ã.AXXp- cm-Py-§fn-se ""BXv-a\n-jv-T LSI''-s¯ iIv-Xn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-\pw- A§s\
hn¹-h-I-c-amb ]cn-hÀ-¯\ {]{In-bsb ap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−p-t]m-Ip-¶Xn-\p-am-bn,- hÀKkac§sf aqÀÑn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Cu bYmÀ-Xv-Y ]cn-Xx-kv-Yn-Xn-Isf t\cn-Sp-¶Xn-¶pwth−n,- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯n-\v- \n-ch[n- CS¡m-e ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-§fpw- \S]Sn-Ifpw- AShpIfpw- ssIs¡m-tÅ−n-hcpw.-
IV
km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ
cm-jv-{So-bhpw- {]Xy-bim-kv-{Xhpw4.-1 A´m-cm-jv-{S- hÀ-Kiàn-IfpsS _em-_-e-¯n km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-\v- A\p-Iq-eam-b Znim-am-äw- D−m-bXn-s\¯p-SÀ-¶v,- Atacn-¡,- AXn-sâ aq-¶v- {]Jym-]n-X e£y-§Ä- t\SnsbSp-¯p-sIm−v- X§fp-sS BtKm-f A[o-im-Xz-w- Iq-Sp-XÂ- Zr-Vo-Icn-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å
DZy-a¯nÂ- hym-]r-Xam-bn.4.-2 _m-¡n-bp-Å tkm-jy-en-Ìv- cm-Py-§sf CÃm-Xm-¡p-I F¶Xm-bn-cp-¶p- AXnÂ- H¶mas¯ e£yw.- A]tIm-fWn-hÂ-¡cWs¯¯p-SÀ-¶v- cq-]w-sIm-− tNcn-tNcm- {]kvYm-\¯n-\v- \n-Zm-\am-b aq-¶mw-tem-I tZio-bXsb tXmÂ-¸n-t¨m- Iq-«¯n-tebv-s¡Spt¯m,- \nÀ-ho-cy-am-¡n-¯oÀ-¡p-I F¶Xm-bn-cp-¶p- c−m-at¯Xv.- tem-I¯n-\p-taÂs]m-Xp-hn-epw- X§fp-am-bn- aÂ-kcn-¡p-sa¶v- Icp-Xp-¶hcp-sStaÂ- {]tXy-In-¨pw- hy-IvXhpw- Akµn-Kv-[hp-am-b,- ssk\n-Ihpw- km-¼¯n-Ihp-am-b ta[m-hn-Xzw- kv-Ym-]n-¡p-I
F¶Xm-bn-cp-¶p- Ahkm-\t¯Xv.4.-3 Cu- ]p-Xn-b tem-Ihy-hkv-Y,- FÃm- taJeIfn-epw- (15)- {]m-hÀ¯n-Iam-¡s¸Spw- hn[¯n-em-Wv- Bkq-{XWw- sN¿s¸«n-cp-¶Xv.- CXv,- Hcp- hi¯v,- Cdm-¡n-\p-taÂ-GI]£o-bam-b bp-²hpw- ssk\n-I A[n-\n-thihpw- sI«gn-¨p-hnSp-¶Xn-te¡v- \bn¨p.- adp-hi¯m-Is«,- Atacn-¡bp-sS ssk\n-Ib{´s¯ iIv-Xn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-te¡pw\bn-¨p. (16)- AtX Ahkc¯nÂ-¯s¶ km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ BtKm-fbp-²b{´wF¶ \n-ebnÂ- \m-täm-hn-s\ io-Xbp-²¯n-sâ Ahkm-\t¯m-sS (AXn-sâ \n-e\nÂ10
4.-4
4.-5
4.6
4.-7.-
¸n-sâ Bhiyw- Xs¶ CÃm-Xm-bn-¡gn-ªn-cp-¶p)- IqSp-XÂ- iIv-Xn-s¸Sp-¯p-IbpwsNbv-Xp.- (17)tNm-Zyw- sN¿s¸Sm-¯ X§fp-sS ta[m-hn-Xzw- kv-Ym-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- Xp-SÀ-¶v- \n-e\nÀ¯p-¶Xn-\pw-th−n,- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-\v,- tem-I km-¼¯n-I hn-`h§sf ({]tXy-In-¨pwCÔ\hn-`h§sf,- AXn-epw- {]tXy-In-¨v- F®t{km-XÊp-Isf)- X§fp-sS \nb{´W¯n³-Io-gnÂ- Iq-Sp-XÂ- Iq-Sp-XÂ- sIm-−p-htc−Xv- Bhiy-am-bn-cp-¶p.- (18)AXp-sIm-−m-Wv- ]iv-Nn-tajy-bnÂ- Ahcp-sS A[n-\n-thiw- D−m-bXv.- ]iv-Nn-tajybnsebpw- at[y-jy-bn-sebpw- F®þ{]Ir-Xn-hm-XI t{km-XÊp-Ifp-sStaÂ- km-¼¯n-I
\n-b{´Ww- kv-Ym-]n-¡p-I F¶ Atacn-¡³ X{´s¯ kw-_Ôn-¨n-St¯m-fw- A^v-Km\n-kv-Ym-\v- aÀ-a {][m-\ kv-Ym-\w- Xs¶bp-−v.- (19)- Cu- taJebn-se `cW§sfbpw- cmjv-{So-bt¯bpw- \n-b{´n-t¡−Xv- Atacn-¡¡v- Bhiy-am-bn- h¶Xn-sâ {]Xy-£¯nep-Å A\´c^eam-Wv,- C{ktben-s\ ssk\n-Iam-bn- Xm-§n-\nÀ-¯p-¶Xpw- ]iv-Nntajy³- {]Xn-kÔn-sb im-iz-Xam-¡n- \n-e\nÀ-¯p-¶Xpw-.- Cu- taJebn-se hn-`h§fpsS taÂ- \n-b{´Ww- kv-Ym-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-th−n- ""`cWam-äw''- kw-LSn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv- km{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ \ym-bam-b AhIm-iam-Wv- F¶ hm-Zw- AhÀ- DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-¶XvAXn-\p-th−n-bm-Wv.Sp-Wo-jy,- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv,- sba³- Xp-S§n-b cm-Py-§fnÂ- Atacn-¡³- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ
]n-´p-Wbp-ÅtXm- AYhm- Atacn-¡³- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯m-Â- Xm-§n-\nÀ-¯s¸Sp-¶tXmBb Aan-Xm-[n-Im-c tkz-Nv-Om-[n-]Xy- hm-gv-NIÄ-s¡Xn-cm-bn- P\§Ä- Iem-]w- \S¯p¶Xm-Wv- ""Ad_v- hk´''-¯nÂ- I−Xv.- P\m-[n-]Xy-¯n-\pw- kn-hnÂ- kzm-X{´y-§Ä¡pw- sa¨s¸« Po-ht\m-]m-[n-IÄ-¡pw-th−n-bp-Å P\§fp-sS Xz-cbm-Wv- CXnÂ- {]Xn^en-¨p- I−Xv.- Cu- taJebn-se X§fp-sS Gähpw- hn-iz-kv-Xcm-b Nn-e kJy-I£nIsf \jv-Ss¸«Xn-\mÂ,- Atacn-¡³- km-{am-Py-Xzw- ]p-Xn-bXm-bn- DbÀ-¶p-hcp-¶ hm-gvNIfp-sStaÂ- kzm-[o-\hpw- \n-b{´Whpw- t\Sp-¶Xn-\m-bn- en-_n-bbnÂ- F¶t]m-se
ssk\n-Iam-bpw- AYhm- _lv-do-\nÂ- ku-Zn- Atd_n-bbp-sS CSs]Sen-s¶¶t]m-se
]n-´p-W \Â-In-bp-sam-s¡- Cu- taJebnÂ- \Kv-\am-bn- CSs]Sp-Ibm-Wv.- C¯cw- kw`hhn-Im-k§Ä- Iq-Sp-XÂ- hn-SÀ-¶p- hcp--¶tXm-sS,- km-{am-Py-Xz iIv-Xn-IÄ- X½n-ep-Å
sshcp-²y-§Ä- Cu- taJebn Iq-Sp-XÂ- cq-£am-bn-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- Cdm³,XpÀ-¡n,- kn-dn-b Xp-S§n-b ]iv-Nn-tajy³- iIv-Xn-Ifpw- X§fp-sS taJem-Xe kzm-[o\¯n-sâ \n-ebnÂ- am-äw- hcp-¯n-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- Fhn-sSsbm-s¡ `cWam-äw- \S¸m-¡p-¶XnÂ- km-{am-Py-Xzw- hn-Pbn-¨n-«p-t−m,-- AhnsSsbm-s¡ AXv- CSap-−m-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¯Xv- Xo-{h heXp-]£¯n-\m-Wv-; ]et¸m-gpw- aX
Xo-{hhm-Z iàn-IÄ-¡m-Wv-.- AXm-hs« Nn-«bm-bnCSXv- ]ptcm-Ka\ iàn-Isf
B{Ian-¨p-sIm-−m-Wv F¶v- HmÀ-¯n-cn-t¡−Xm-Wv-. HSp-¡w- ]dªhÀ IeÀ-¸n-Ãm¯Xpw- am-äan-Ãm-¯Xp-am-b- km-{am-Py-Xz-hn-cp-² iàn-sbbm-Wv- -{]Xn-\n-[o-Icn-¡p-¶XvF¶Xn-\mÂ- Ahsc ZpÀ-_es¸Sp¯p-I,- F¶pw- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ Hcp- {]Jym-]n-X
e£y-am-Wv.- km-{am-Py-Xz-hpw- aXau-en-Ihm-Z iàn-Ifpw- CSXp-]£ iàn-Isf ZpÀ_es¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-\m-bn- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶p.- Cdm-JnÂ- Atacn-¡ \S-¯nb A[n-\nthiw Ahn-Ss¯ aX-]-c-amb- AIÂ-¨-sb aqÀ-Ñn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw- B kaq-l¯n-sâ aX\nct]£ _Ô§sf \in-¸n-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- ap-¼v F®-bpsS- \nb-{´Ww Xn-cn-¨v- ]nSn-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- Cdm-\nÂ- Atacn-¡ jm- hm-gv-Nsb Ahtcm-[n-¨Xv- Iayq-Wn-Ìp-Imscbpw- ]p-tcm-Ka\ tZio-bhm-Zn-Isfbpw Nn-«bm-bpw-- `o-Icam-bpw- ASn-¨aÀ-¯p-¶Xn-\vCSbm-¡n.- AXv- CÉm-an-I ]p-tcm-ln-X hn-`m-K¯n-\p-am-{Xw- ap-Jy-{]Xn-]£am-bn- hfÀ¶p-hcp-¶Xn-\v- Ahkcw- \Â-In.- A^v-Lm-\n-Øm-\nÂ- A¶s¯ tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wnbsâ ]n´p-W-tbmsS \n-e\n-¶n-cp-¶ ]p-tcm-Ka\ iàn-Ifp-sS `cWs¯ XIn-Sw- -adn¡m³- \S¯n-b \o¡w- ap-Pm-ln-Zo³-þXm-en-_m³-þHkm-a _n³- em-Z³- Ahn-ip-²
kJyw- cq-]s¸Sp-¶Xn-te¡v-þ Atacn-¡³- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ Xs¶ i{Xp-hm-bn- AXvhfcp-¶Xn-te¡v-þ \bn-¨p.- Ct¸m-gs¯ "Ad_v- hk´'- kw-`hhn-Im-k§Ä- \S¶ cmPy-§fnÂ- ]eXn-epw-- A¯cw- A]IS km-[y-XIÄ- Bk¶am-sW¶v- tXm-¶p-¶p.km{am-PyXz¯nsâ GI-{[ph temI-{Iaw ASn-t¨Â¸n-¡Â \S-]-Sn¡v ià-amb {]Xyb-imkv{X B{I-aW¯nsâ ]n³_eap−v. km-{am-Py-Xzw- P\m-[n-]Xy-s¯ kz-X{´ hn]Wn-bpambn Xp-eys¸Sp-¯p¶p.-- Cu- aq-Sp-]Sap-]tbm-Kn-¨pw- H¸w-Xs¶ P\m-[n-]Xyk¦Â-]\w- DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡m-s\¶ t]cn-epw km-{am-Py-Xzm-[n-]Xy-s¯ FXnÀ-¡p-Ibpwkz-X{´ hn-]Wn-Isf ASn-t¨Â-]n-¡p-¶Xn-s\bpw-- - \hen-_dÂ- km-¼¯n-I ]cn-jv-Im11
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c§sfbpw- shÃp-hn-fn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶- A¯cw- hm-gv-NIÄ-s¡Xn-sc- AXv- cm-{ãobam-bpw- ssk\n--Iam-bpw- - CSs]Sp-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.km-{am-Py-Xzw- ""a\p-jym-hIm-i§Ä'',- kmÀh{Xn-I aq-ey-§Ä Fs¶m-s¡ hn-fn-¡s¸Sp¶Xn-s\ DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡m-s\¶t]cnÂ- kz-X{´þ]cam-[n-Im-c cm-Py-§fnÂ- ssk\nIam-b CSs]SÂ- \S¯p-¶p.- ssk\n-I CSs]Sep-Ifn-eq-sS kz-´w- [n-¡m-c]cam-b
a\p-jym-hIm-i ew-L\§sf aq-Sn-shbv-¡p-t-¼mÄ-Xs¶,- ap³- bp-tKm-Ém-hn-bsb
X½nÂ- XÃp-¶ sIm-¨p-sIm-¨p- cm-Py-§fm-¡n- ]n-fÀ-¯m³- AXv- CSs]Sp-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.ap³\nc apX-em-fn¯ cmPy-§-fnse hfÀ¶p-h-cp¶ apX-em-fn-hÀKw X§-fpsS hÀKhmgvN Ac-¡n-«p-d-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn ap¼v tZiob ]c-am-[n-Im-cs¯ ]hn-{X-sa¶p
]dªv s]m¡n-¸n-Sn-¨n-cp-¶p. C¶v- "a\p-jym-hIm-i'- kw-c£W¯n-sâ t]cnÂ- kzX{´ cm-Py-§fp-sS tZio-b ]cam-[n-Im-cs¯ \n-tj[n-¡m-\pw- XInSwadn-¡m-\pw-th−nkm{am-PyXzw ssk\n-Iam-bn- CSs]«p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.\yq-tbmÀ-¡n-se thÄUv- t{SUv- skâdn\p-t\sc 9/11\v- \S¶ B{IaWs¯ Xp-SÀ-¶vAtacn-¡³- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- Bcw-`n-¨ "`o-IcXbv-s¡Xn-cm-b BtKmf bp-²w'-,- Cdm-Jn-epw- A^v-Lm-\n-epw- I−Xp-t]m-sebpw- Cdm-t\m-Sp-Å `o-jWn--bnÂC¶v- Im-Wp-¶Xp-t]m-sebpw DÅ \nÀ-ePv-Pam-b ssk\n-I CSs]Sen-\p-Å \ym-boIcWam-bn- D]tbm-Kn-¡s¸Sp-¶p; tZio-b ]cam-[n-Im-cs¯ Nhn-«n-¯m-gv-¯m-\pw- kz´w- XmÂ-]cy-§Ä-¡\p-Kp-Wam-b co-Xn-bnÂ- "`cWam-äw'- ASn-t¨Â-]n-¡m-\pw- D]tbmKn-¡s¸Sp-¶p.- km-{am-Py-Xzw- \S¸m--¡p-¶ `cWIq-S `o-IcXbpw- au-en-Ihm-Zn-IÄ- sI«gn¨p-hn-Sp-¶ hy-àn-]c `o-IcXbpw- ]ckv-]cw t]m-jn-¸n-¡p-¶p.- - Cu- c−v- A]IS§Ä¡p-saXn-sc ^e{]Zam-bn-- t]m-cm-Sn-bn-sænÂ- `o-IcXbv-s¡Xn-cm-b t]m-cm-«¯n\p-- hnPbn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã.- km-{am-Py-Xz- ssk\n-I CSs]Sen-s\ \ym-bo-Icn-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- io-Xbp²Im-e¯v- "Iayq-Wn-k¯n-s\Xn-cm-b bp-²w'-- D]tbm-Kn-¡s¸«Xp-t]m-se,- "`o-IcXbvs¡Xn-cm-b bp-²w-' C¶v- kz-X{´ cm-Py-§fp-sS tZio-b]cam-[n-Im-cs¯bpw Ahbnse - P\§fp-sS ASn-Øm-\]cam-b am-\p-jn-Im-hIm-i§sfbpw- ew-Ln¡p-¶Xn-\m-bnD]tbm-Kn-¡s¸Sp-¶p.km-{am-Py-Xzw- AXn-cq-£am-b Iayq-Wn-Ìv-hn-cp-² {]Nm-cthe Agn-¨p-hn-«n-cp-¶p.-- Ct¸mÄIayq-Wn-ks¯ ka{Km-[n-]Xy-¯n-\pw- ^m-kn-k¯n-\pw- kam-\am-bn- Nn-{Xo-Icn-¡p-Ibpam-Wv.- bq-tdm-]y³- ]mÀ-esaâv- Iayq-Wn-ks¯ ^m-kn-k¯n-\v- kaam-bn- IW¡m-¡p¶Xn-\v- \n-ba\nÀ-½m-Ww- \S¯p-¶Xn-\pw- \S]Sn-IÄ- kzo-Icn-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- {ian-¡pIbm-Wv.- sNIv- dn-¸»n-¡v,- t]m-f−v- Xp-S§n-b cm-Py-§fnse¶-t]mte ]e Ing-¡³
bqtdm-]y³ cmPy-§-fnepw Iayq-WnÌv- Nn-Ó§fpw- {]hÀ-¯\§fpw- \n-ba]cam-bn¯s¶ \n-tcm-[n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.tkm-jy-en-kw- GIm-[n-]Xy-]cam-sW¶pw a\p-jym-hIm-i§fp-sSbpw-- kmÀ-h{Xn-I am\p-jn-I aq-ey-§fp-sSbpw- km-{am-Py-Xz- \nÀ-hN\¯n-\v- hn-cp-²am-sW¶pw- \n-µn-¡s¸Sp¶p.- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- cm-Py-§Ä-s¡Xn-cm-b {]Xy-bim-kv-{X]cam-b IS¶m-{IaWw- tI{µoIcn-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶Xv- a\p-jym-hIm-iew-L\§Ä,- hy-àn-]cam-b kzm-X{´y§fp-sS \n-tj[w-- Fs¶m-s¡ hn-fn-¡s¸Sp-¶hbp-sS t]cn-em-Wv.- Cu- Hgn-hp-Ign-hn-sâ t]cnÂIyq-_bv-s¡Xn-cm-b Ip-äIcam-b km-¼¯n-I D]tcm-[w- Atacn-¡³- km-{am-Py-Xzw- XpScp-Ibm-Wv.km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâbpw- \hen-_den-k¯n-sâbpw- _u-²n-Ihpw- kmw-kv-Im-cn-Ihp-am-b
taÂ-t¡m-bv-a Øm-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-th−n-bp-Å {]Xy-bim-kv{- Xbp-²w- C¡m-ebfhnÂB{IatWm-Xv-kp-Iam-bn-cp-¶p.- Cu- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW {]{In-bbp-sSbpw- km-t¦XnIhn-Zy-bp-sS hfsc DbÀ-¶ \n-ehm-c¯n-sâbpw-- klm-bt¯m-sS hn-hcw,- hn-\n-abw,hn-t\m-Zw- (sFkn-C)- F¶n-h-bpsS km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy-IÄ- GtIm-]n-¸n-¨v- saKm- tImÀ¸tdj\p-Ifm-bn- XoÀ-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. (20)-- a\p-jy-sâ _u-²n-I {]hÀ-¯\taJebpw- hnhc hn-\nab \n-b{´Wm-[n-Im-chpw- tImÀ-¸tdäv- am-[y-a§fmÂ- Ip-¯Im-[n-]Xy-¯n-em¡s¸«Xv- ap-Xem-fn-¯s¯¡p-dn-¨p-Å hn-aÀ-i\¯n-\pw- AXn-\p-Å _Zen-\pw- FXn-cmb {]Xy-bim-kv-{X B{IaW¯n-sâ tI{µam-bn- Xp-Scp-¶p-sh¶Xv- Cu- Im-eL«¯n-se
Hcp- ap-Jy- khn-tijXbm-Wv.- s]m-Xp-hm-b - A`n-cp-Nnbp-sS- GIo-IcWw- kr-jv-Snt¡−Xn-sâ Bhiyw- {]ISn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv- C¯csam-cp- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW {]{In-b
B{Kln-¡p-¶ kmw-kv-Im-cn-I taÂ-t¡m-bv-asbbm-Wv.- A`n-cp-Nn- Iq-Sp-XÂ- GIo-`hn-¡p¶tXm-sS hn-]p-eam-b P\hn-`m-K§Ä-¡p-th−n- "kmw-kv-Im-cn-I DÂ-]¶§Ä'- bm-{´nIam-bn- ]p-\cpÂ-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-th− km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy-IÄ- hn-Ikn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv- Ffp12
¸am-hpw.- A¯c¯n-ep-Å BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ kzm-`m-hn-I Dt]mÂ-]¶am-Wvkw-kv-Im-c¯n-sâ hym-]m-chÂ-¡cWw.- hÀ-¤]cam-b taÂ-t¡m-bv-abp-sS `m-jbnÂt\m-¡n-bmÂ,-- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ kw-kv-Im-cw- P\§sf Ahcp-sS ssZ\w-Zn-\
Po-hn-X bm-YmÀ-°y-§fnÂ-\n-¶v- thÀ-s]Sp-¯m³- {ian-¡p-¶p.- kw-kv-Im-cw- Chn-sS
{]hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶Xv- ku-µcym-ßIXtbm-Sp-Å Hcp- A`yÀ-°\bm-bÃ,- adn-¨v- Zm-cn-{Zy-¯nsâbpw- Iã¸m-Sp-Ifp-sSbpw- ASn-b´n-c {]iv-\§fnÂ-\n-¶p-Å {i² Xn-cn-¡epwhnt\m-Zhp-am-bm-Wv.4.13 sFknC kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS hnI-k-\hpw Ah-bpsS taepÅ \nb-{´-Whpw,
anI¨ ]cy-th-£W kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v km{am-Py-Xzs¯ A\p-hZn-¡p-¶p. km{am-Py-Xz-¯nsâ taÂt¡m-bvasb shÃp-hn-fn-¡p¶ P\-Iob {]Øm-\-§fn ]e-Xn-s\bpw \nco-£n-¡m\pw kzm[o-\n-¡m\pw XIÀ¡m-\p-ambn C¯cw kmt¦Xn-I-hn-Zy-IÄ hÀ²-am-\-amb tXmXn D]-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.
4.-14 km-{am-Py-Xzw- AXn-sâ taÂ-t¡m-bv-a iàn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-\m-bn- \S¯n-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p¶ sam-¯¯n-ep-Å {ia§fp-sS `m-Kam-bn- sI«gn-¨p-hn-Sp-¶ {]Xy-bim-kv-{X]cam-b
B{IaWs¯ Zr--V\n-Ýbt¯m-sS FXn-cn-tS−Xv- am-\hcm-in-bp-sS hn-¹hIcam-b apt¶äw- ssIhcn-¡p-¶Xn-\p- Bhiy-am-Wv.-
V
]cn-hÀ-¯\Im-ehpw -C¶s¯ tem-I ap-Xem-fn-¯hpw5.-1 Nn-e {]Xy-bim-kv-{X {]iv-\§sf¸än- F¶ ]Xn-\m-emw- tIm¬-{Kkn-sâ {]tabw,-- -tkmhn-bäv- bq-Wn-bsâbpw- In-g¡³- bq-tdm-]y³- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- cm-Py-§fp-tSbpw- XIÀ-¨
amÀIvkn-kw-þ-se\n-\n-k-s¯tbm tkm-jy-en-Ìv- Bibs¯tbm- \n-tj[n-¡p-¶n-Ã
F¶ \n-Ka\¯nÂ- F¯n-bn-cp-¶p.-- Iq-Sm-sX am-\h Pohn-X-s¯bpw \mK-cn-I-X-sbbpw
Ct¶hsc AÚm-Xam-bn-cp-¶ DbÀ-¶ Xe§fn-te¡v- DbÀ-¯n-s¡m-−p-hcp-¶Xn-Âtkm-jy-en-kw \nÀ-®m-bIam-b ]¦v- hln-¨p- F¶ hkv-Xp-Xsb Cu- Xn-cn-¨Sn-IÄ-¡v- XpS¨p-am-äm-\p-am-hn-Ã.- (21)5.-2 20þmw- \q-äm-−nÂ- A`q-X]qÀ-Æhpw- ]p-Xn-b ]m-X sh«n-¯p-d¶Xp--am-b ap-t¶ä§Ätkm-jy-enkw- \S¯n- F¦n-epw-, In-g¡³- bq-tdm-¸n-se Nn-esXm-gn-sI (FÃm-aÃ) \S¶
tkm-jy-en-Ìv- hn¹-h-§-sfÃmw \S¶Xv-,- Xm-cXtay-\ Ipdª ap-Xem-fn-¯ hn-Im-kwt\Sn-b cm-Py-§fn-em-bn-cp-¶p- F¶ hkv-Xp-Xbpw- Im-tW−Xp-−v.- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- cm-Py§Ä- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ tem-I h]Wn-bnÂ-\n-¶v- aq-¶n-sem-¶n-s\ Cf¡n-am-än.F¶mÂ,- CXv- tem-I ap-Xem-fn-¯w- DÂ-]m-ZIiàn-Isf hn-Ikn-¸n-¡p-¶XnÂ- t\SnsbSp-¯n-cp-¶ ap-t¶ä¯nsâ \n-ehm-cs¯tbm- im-kv-{Xþkm-t¦Xn-I ap-t¶ä§fp-sS
ASn-Øm-\¯nÂ- DÂ-]m-ZI iàn-Isf Xp-SÀ-¶v- hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n\p-Å tijn-tbtbm-- \nÀ-Wm-bIam-bn- _m[n-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã.- 20þmw- \q-äm-−nse- tkm-jy-en-Ìvhn-¹h§Ä- tem-I ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-\v- DÂ-]m-ZIiàn-Isf hn-Ikn-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\pw-- apXem-fn-¯ hn-]Wn-sb Xp-SÀ-¶v- hn-]p-es¸Sp-¯p--¶Xn-\p-w- D−m-¡n-b Xn-cn-¨Sn-IÄ- adnIS¡p-¶Xn-\pw- Ahkcw- \Â-In.- A¶v- A´m-cm-{ãXe¯nÂ- \n-e\n-¶n-cp-¶ hÀ¤iàn-Ifp-sS _em-_e¯nÂ- km-{am-Py-Xzw- \h sIm-tfm-Wn-ben-k¯n-eq-sS ap-Xemfn-¯ hn-]Wn-bp-sS hn-Im-kw- t\Sn-sbSp-¯p.5.-3 adp-hi¯m-hs«,- Ip-dª Im-ebfhn-\p-ÅnÂ- tkm-jy-en-kw- t\Sn-sbSp-¯ IqSnb
KXn-th-Khpw Kp-W]cam-bn- DbÀ-¶ ap-t¶ä§fpw-, {]tXy-In¨v km{am-PyXzw krjvSn¨
{]Xn-Iq-e-amb A´m-cmjv{S ]cn-k-c-¯nÂ, A¯cw- ap-t¶ä§Ä- Xn-cn-¨n-Sm--\m-hm-¯XmsW¶ hn-izm-kap-−m-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- ]cm-Pbs¸Sp-¯s¸« _qÀ-jzm-kn- \q-dp-aS§viàn-tbm-sS Xn-cn-¨Sn-¡p-sa¶ se\n-sâ ap-¶dn-bn-¸ns\ Ip-d¨p- aXn-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.5.-4 ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ tijn-Isf¡p-dn-¨v- A¯c¯n- Xm-gv-¯n aXn-¡epw- tkm-jy-enk¯n-sâ tijn-Isf Iq-«n aXn-¡epw tem-I Iayq-Wn-Ìv- {]Øm-\¯n-sâ hn-ebn-cp¯en-Â- {]Xn^en-¨p.-- 1960Â- 81 Iayq-Wn-Ìv- ]mÀ-Sn-IÄ- ]s¦Sp-¯ kt½f\w- sNbv-X
{]kv-Xm-h\bnse C¯cw- aXn-¸p-Isf 14þmw- ]mÀ-Sn- tIm¬-{KÊn \mw- ho−pw hnebn-cp-¯p-I-bp-−m-bn. 81 ]mÀ-Sn-Ifp-sS \n-Ka\w,- "s]m-Xp- {]Xn-kÔn-bp-sS aq-¶mw- ZibnÂ' F¯n-bXp-aq-ew- ap-Xem-fn-¯w- XIcp-¶Xv- Bk¶am-b A\n-hm-cy-Xbm-Wv
F¶m-bn-cp-¶p-.- kaIm-en-I tem-I bm-YmÀ-°y-§sf hn-ebn-cp-¯p-¶XnÂ- h¶ Kp-cp-
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Xcam-b B sXäv- tem-I tkmjy-en-k-¯nsâ ap-t¶ä¯nsâ thKw Ipd¨p F¶m-bn-cp¶p- \½p-sS \n-Ka\w.Iq-Sm-sX t\À- tcJbn-eq-sS ]p-tcm-Kan-¡p-¶ H¶m-bm-Wv- tkm-jy-en-kw- a\Ên-em¡s¸«n-cp-¶Xv.- Hcn-¡Â- tkm-jy-en-kw- ssIhcn-¨p-Ign-ªmÂ,- hÀ-¤cln-Xam-b IayqWn-Ìv- kaq-l¯n-te¡v- XSʧfn-Ãm-sX t\À-tcJbn-eq-sS AXv- ap-t¶dp-sa¶v- sXämbn- Icp-Xs¸«p.- A\p-`hw- hy-àam-¡n-bXv- tkm-jy-en-kw,- Hcp- ]cn-hÀ-¯\L«w,AsænÂ- amÀ-Iv-kv- ]dªXp-t]m-se,- Iayq-Wn-k¯n-sâ BZy- L«w- B-sW¶m-Wv.hÀK hn-`Pn-Xam-b,- Nq-jWm-[n-jv-Tn-Xam-b ap-Xem-fn-¯ hy-hØbv-¡pw- hÀ-¤cln-Xamb Iayq-Wn-Ìv- hy-hØbv-¡pw- CSbn-ep-Å L«w.- ]cn-hÀ-¯\¯n-tâXm-b Cu- L«w,AXn-\mÂ,- \nÀ-ÆN\a\p-kcn-¨v- kq-Nn-¸n--¡p-¶Xv- hÀK sshcp-²y-§Ä CÃm-Xm-Ip-¶pF¶Ã.- Ah aqÀ-NvOn-¡p-¶p- F¶m-Wv.- B kab¯v-v tem-I ap-Xem-fn-¯w- AXn-\p\ãam-b {]tZiw- ho-s−Sp-¡p-¶Xn-\p {ian-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿pw.- -AXp-sIm-−p-Xs¶ CuIm-eL«w-- ZoÀ-Lhpw- k¦oÀ-®hpw- BIm³- km-[y-Xbp-−v; AXv- \n-ch[n- hfhp-Xn-cnhp-Ifp-ÅXp-am-bn-cn-¡pw.- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- hn-¹hw- \S¡p-t¼mÄ- ap-Xem-fn-¯]cam-bn- ]nt¶m-¡w- \n-¶ cm-Py-§Ä-¡p- CXv- {]tXy-In-¨pw _m-[Iam-bn-cn-¡pw-.- (22)
Cu- ]cn-hÀ-¯\ L«¯n-Â,- GXv- kab¯pw,- Cu- kac¯n-se - tem-I tkm-jy-en-Ìviàn-Ifp-sS hn-Pb ]cm-Pb§Ä- \n-Ýbn-¡p-¶Xv,- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- \nÀ-½m-W¯n (23)t\Sn-sbSp-¯ hn-Pb§fpw- kmÀ-ÆtZio-bþtZio-b Xe§fn-se hÀ-¤iàn-Ifp-sS
_em-_ehpw- Ahbp-sS icn-bm-b hn-ebn-cp-¯ep-am-Wv.- - tkm-jy-en-Ìv- cm-Py-§Ä¡I¯pw- ]p-d¯p-ap-Å hÀ-Ki{Xp-hn-s\ Ip-d¨p- aXn-¡p-¶Xn-te¡v- \bn-¡p-¶ sXäm-b
aXn-¸p-Ifpw- tkm-jy-en-ks¯¡p-dn-¨p-Å Iq-Sn-b aXn-¸pw- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- cm-Py-§Ä- A`nap-Jo-Icn-¡p-¶ {]iv-\§fpw- - tem-I ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-\p-−m-Ip-¶ ap-t¶ähpw- Zr--VoIcWhpw- AhKWn-¡p-¶ kv-Yn-Xn-hn-tijw- kr-jv-Sn-¨n-«p-−m-bn-cp-¶p.AXn-\mÂ- bp-Fkv-Fkv-Bdn-tebpw- In-g¡³- bq-tdm-]y³- cm-Py-§fn-tebpw- A\p`h§fnÂ-\n-¶v- 21þmw- \q-äm-−nÂhn-eaXn-¡m-\m-hm-¯ ]m-T§Ä- ]Tn-¡p-t¼mÄXs¶, 21þmw- \q-äm-−nÂ- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯nÂ-\n-¶v- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-te¡p-Å ]cn-hÀ¯\ {]{In-b Cu- A\p-`h§fp-sS BhÀ-¯\am-bn-cn-¡n-à F¶p- hy-Iv-Xam-Wv.Ccp-]Xmw-- \q-äm-−n-se tkm-jy-en-k¯mÂ- {]tNm-Zn-¸n-¡s¸«Xpw- tem-Isa¼m-Spw\S¶ P\-Iob t]m-cm-«§fp-sS {][m-\s¸«Xpw- am-bv-¡m-\m-hm-¯Xp-am-b BLmX§fn-sem-¶v- P\m-[n-]Xym-hIm-i§fpw- kn-hnÂ- kzm-X{´y-hpw- iàn-s¸«Xpw- (DZmlcW¯n\v, aäp ]e-Xn-sâbpw Iq«-¯nÂ- kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v- thm-«hIm-iw- \Â-In-bXv-)
AtXm-sSm-¸w- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀK¯n-\pw A[zm-\n-¡p-¶ P\§Ä-¡pw- km-aq-ly- kpc£bn-epw- t£a¯n-epw- ap-Xem-fn-¯w- A\p-hZn-¡m³- \nÀ-_Ôn-Xam-b- AXp-hsc
AÚm-Xam-bn-cp-¶ t\«§fp-−m-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¯Xpw- Bbn-cp-¶p.- AXn-\mÂ,- C¶v"kmÀ-Æ{Xn-I'sa¶v- Icp-Xs¸Sp¶ Cu- AhIm-i§Ä- _lp-P\ t]m-cm-«§fp-sS ^eamWv-.- AÃm-sX "_qÀ-jzm-kn-bp-sS Zbm-Zm-£n-Wy'-aÃ.21þmw- \q-äm-−nÂ- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-te¡p-Å ]cn-hÀ-¯\¯n-tâbpw- cq-]m-´coIcW¯n-tâXp-am-b Cu- bp-Kw, BXy-´n-Iam-bn-- Ncn-{X]camb ho-£W¯nÂ- A\nhm-cy--am-sW¦n-epw,- XoÀ-¨bm-bpw \o-−p-\nÂ-¡p-¶ kacam-bn-cn-¡pw.-- A¯csam-cpkm-[y-Xsb- ]n-dtIm-«Sn-¸n-¡p-hm³ km-{am-Py-Xzw-- \n-c´cam-b {iaw- \S¯p-sa¦n-epw
AXXv- cm-Py-§fnÂ- hÀK-k-a-c-§sf Xo-{ham-¡n-s¡m-−v- Cu- {]{In-bsb Xz-cnXs¸Sp¯m³- {]hÀ-¯n-t¡−Xv- Iayq-Wn-Ìp-Im-cp-sSbpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯n-sâbpwFÃm- ]p-tcm-Ka\ hn-`m-K§fp-sSbpw- IÀ-¯hy-am-Wv.21þmw- \q-äm-−nÂ- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-\p-th−n- \S¯p-¶ t]m-cm-«w- AXn-\mÂ,-- a\p-jy³a\p-jy-s\bpw- cm-{ãw- cm-{ãs¯bp-w- Nq-jWw- sN¿p-¶XnÂ-\n-¶v- ap-àam-b Hcp- hyhØ Øm-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-th−n-bp-Å kacam-bn-cn-¡pw.- A¯csam-cp- hy-hØ
P\§fp-sS P\m-[n-]Xym-hIm-i§sfbpw- kn-hnÂ- kzm-X{´y-§sfbpw- Iq-Sp-XÂiàn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-s\ ASn-Øm-\am-¡n-bp-ÅXm-bn-cn-¡Ww-.- A¯csam-cp- hy-hØ
DÂ-]m-Z\£aXsbbpw DÂ]m-Z-\-i-àn-I-sfbpw- DbÀ-¶ Xe¯nte¡v- - hfÀ-¯n-s¡m−v- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-\p-taÂ- ta· Øm-]n-¡p-¶Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.-- ""Hm-tcm-cp-¯\nÂ\n¶pwAh\hsâ Ign-hn-\\p-kcn-¨pw- Hmtcm-cp-¯\pw Ah-\-hsâ tPmen-¡-\p-k-cn¨pw'' e`n¡p-¶,- ]cn-hÀ¯\ XXz-¯nÂ\n¶v ""Hm-tcm-cp-¯\pw- Ah\hsâ Bhiy-¯n-\\pkcn-¨v-'' e`n-¡p-¶ XXzw \ne-\n¡p¶ I½yq-WnÌv kaq-l-¯n-te¡v AXv BXy-´nI-ambn \bn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. A¯csam-cp- ta·- Øm-]n-¡p-¶Xv- _lp-P\ ]¦m-fn-¯w14
km-aq-ln-I Akv-Xn-Xz-¯n-tâXm-b cm-{ão-bþkm-aq-ln-Iþkm-w-kvIm-cn-I taJ-e-I-fnÂ
hÀ-²n-¸n-¨p-sIm-−m-bn-cn-¡pw.5.-11 14þmw- tIm¬-{Kkv- {]tabw- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-\p- Io-gn-se P\m-[n-]Xyw-,- tkm-jy-enk¯n-\p- Io-gn-se kz-¯p-Sam- _Ô¯n-sâ cq-]§Ä-; Bkq-{XWhpw- hn-]Wn-bpwX½n-ep-Å _Ôw- ap-Xem-b Im-cy-§fnÂ- \½psS [mcW hyà-am-¡n. AhbnÂ]eXpw- \mw- Im-tem-Nn-Xam-¡n-b ]mÀ-Sn- ]cn-]m-Sn-bnÂ- DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.Ch- \½p-sS [m-cWIÄ-¡v- Xp-SÀ-¶pw- hgn-Im-«n-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-¶p.-5.12 tkmjy-en-k-¯n\v Iognse DÂ]m-Z-t\m-]m-[n-I-fpsS kmaq-lnI DS-Ø-Xsb `c-W-IqS
DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ taJ-e-bm-bn am-{Xw-, AXmWv AXnsâ BWn-¡sænepw, bm{´n-Iambn Xpe-\w sN¿m-\m-hn-Ã. hnhn[ cq]-§-fn-epÅ kz¯p-S-a-Ø-X-I-fpsS \ne-\nÂ]neqsS tkmjy-enÌv `c-W-IqSw km¼-¯nI Pohn-X-{Iaw `c-W-Iq-S-¯nsâ \nb-{´-W¯n-emWv F¶v Dd-¸m-¡-Ww. asämcp Xc-¯n ]d-ªmÂ, 21-þmw \qäm-−nse tkmjyenkw apX-em-fn-¯-¯n³ IognÂ- ""km-¼¯n-I imkv{Xw (em`w ]c-am-h-[n-bm-¡Â)
BWv cmjv{SX{´s¯ \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-Xv''- F¶- XXz-¯n\v ]Icw ""cmjv{SX{´-amWv
km¼-¯nI imkv{Xs¯ \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶Xv''- F¶v Øm]n-¡-Ww.
temI kmaq-ln-I sshcp-²y-§Ä
5.13 km{am-Py-Xz-¯nsâ Ct¸m-gs¯ Zibn-se Cu ]cnhÀ-¯\ L«w FÃm auenI -tem-Ikm-aq-lnI sshcp-²y-§fpw hyXykvX tXm-Xp-Ifn-epw- hyXykvX taJ-e-I-fnepw aqÀÑn¡p¶ L«-am-Wv. {]Xn-k-Ôn-bp-tSXpw amµy-¯n-tâ-Xp-amb C¶s¯ ØnXn
hntij¯nÂ- apX-em-fn-¯-¯n\v Iognse A[zm-\hpw aqe-[-\hpw X½n-epÅ auenI
sshcp²yw Kp-cp-Xcam-bn- aqÀ-Ñn-¡p-¶p.- kz´w taÂt¡mbva ZrVo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v
th−n km{am-PyXzw Hcp hi-¯v- hnI-kzc cmPy-§-fnse `c-W-hÀK-§sf kz´w
c£m-IÀXr-Xz-¯n³ Iogn-te¡v sIm−p-h-cm³ {ia-§Ä \S¯p-¶p. adp-h-i¯v- hnIkz-c cmPy-§-fnse P\-§fpw km{am-Py-Xzhpw X½n-epÅ sshcp²yw cq£-am-Ip-¶-Xnte¡v Ah \bn-¡p-¶p. em`w ]c-am-h[nbm¡p-¶-Xn\pth−n BtKmf NqjWw
iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\mbn km{am-PyXz cmPy-§Ä X½n-epÅ sshcp²yw Ct¸mÄ \nÈ_vZ-am-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nepw, hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn hnhn[ cq]-§-fn {]I-S-amhp-¶p. ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯n-tâ-Xmb Cu Ime-L-«-¯nse tI{µ-ssh-cp²yw Ct¸mgpw
km{am-Py-Xzhpw tkmjy-en-khpw X½nÂ- Xs¶bm-bn-- XpS-cp-¶p. Cu tI{µ-ssh-cp²ys¯ {]Xn-kv-Ym-]n-¡m-sX Xs¶ temI-kw-`h KXn-I-fpsS hfÀ¨-bpsS GXv kÔnbnepw CXn-teXv sshcp-²yhpw ap³]-´n-bn-te¡v hcmw.
5.14 GXv ka-b¯pw \ne-\n¡p¶ \nc-h[n sshcp-²y-§-fnÂ, temI I½yq-WnÌv
{]Øm\w taÂ]-dª \mev temI kmaq-ly-ssh-cp-²y-§-fmWv Cu Ime-L-«-¯nse
]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ KXn-thKw,- kz`m-hw F¶n-hsb kzm[o-\n-¡p-Ibpw \nÀW-bn-¡pIbpw sN¿p-¶-sX¶v Xncn-¨-dn-ªn-«p-−v. F¶mÂ, Cub-Sp¯ hÀj-§-fn-embn DÂ]mZ-\-¯nsâ kmaq-lnI kz`m-hhpw kzmb-¯-am-¡-ensâ kzIm-cy-kz-`m-h-hpw X½n-ep-Å
ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ au-en-I sshcp[yw- em`w ]c-am-h[nbm¡p-¶-Xn\v th−n BtKm-f]-cn-Øn-Xn¡v AXoh Kpcp-X-c-amb At[m-KXn- D−m-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS {]I-S-am-bn-s¡m-−ncn-¡p-¶p. km{am-PyXz BtKm-f-h¡-cW Ime¯v CXv IqSp-X aqÀÑn¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.Cu sshcp²yw BtKm-f Im-em-hkv-Ym- am-ä§fn-eqsS Kp-cp-Xcam-b Ak-´p-en-XmhØ kr-jv-Sn-¡p-¶ Afhn-te¡p- hfcp-sa¶v- `o-jWn-s¸Sp-¯p-Ibpw- AXv am\-h-cmin-bpsS \ne-\nÂ]n\v Xs¶ Kpcp-X-c-amb A]-I-S-`o-jWn- DbÀ-¯p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.
km{am-PyXzhpw- hnI-kzc cmPy-§fpw X½n-epÅ sshcp²yw Xo{h-X-c-am-¡p-¶-Xn\v
CSbm-¡p-¶ Hcp ]pXnb LS-I-s¯, BtKm-f-Xm-]-\-t¯bpw lcn-X-Kr-l-hm-XI ]pd´-Å-en-t\bpw XS-bp-¶-Xn-\pÅ _m[yX hnI-kzc cmPy-§-fpsS Npa-en sh¨p-sI-«p¶-Xn-\p-Å {ia§fn-eq-sS sXm-Sp-¯p-hn-«n-cn-¡p-¶p.- Imem-hØ hyXn-bm-\s¯ Ipdn-¨p
Ct¸mÄ- \S¶p-hcp-¶ NÀ¨-I-fn CXp- {]Xn-^en-¨p- Im-Wmw.- "s]m-Xp-hm-bXpwF¶m hyXy-kvX- tXm-Xn-ep-Å-Xp-amb D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw'- kzoI-cn-¡m-sa¶ t\cs¯bpÅ hmKvZm-\-¯n \n¶v hyh-km-bhÂIrX cmPy-§Ä Hgn-ªp-am-dp-¶Xv {]Xn-^-en-¸n¡p-¶Xv em`w ]c-am-h[n B¡p-¶-Xn\v th−n ap-¼p- \S¯n-h¶n-cp-¶ {]Ir-Xnsb
sImÅ-b-Sn-¡p-¶Xv XpS-cp-sa¶pw Cu Ak-´p-en-Xm-hØ Xncp-¯p-¶-Xn\v DbÀ¶
D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw ImWn-¡m³ X¿m-d-söpw hyà-am-¡p-¶Xv CXnsâ {]Xn-^-e\w
Xs¶-bm-Wv. ]mcn-Øn-Xn-I A[x-]X\¯n-sâ {]iv\-§Ä ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶-XnÂFÃm a\p-jyÀ¡pw "ImÀ_¬ kvs]bvknÂ'- DÅ auen-I-amb Xpey-Xsb \ntj-[n15
¡m-\mWv AhÀ {ian-¡p-¶-Xv. C¶s¯ Ah-Ø-bn km{am-PyXzw aqÀ-Ñn-¸n-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p¶ BtKm-f- hÀKNqj-W-¯nsâ `mK-amWv BtKm-f-]-cn-ØnXn kwc-£n-¡m\pÅ `mcw hnI-kzc cmPy-§Ä¡v ta sI«n-sh-¡m-\pÅ Cu {ia-§Ä. km{am-Py-Xz¯nsâ Cu {ia-§Äs¡-Xn-cmbn hnI-kzc cmPy-§-fnse P\-§Ä \S-¯n-s¡m-−n-cn¡p¶ ka-c-§Ä BtKmf apX-em-fn-¯-¯n-s\-Xn-cmb kmÀÆ-tZ-iob hÀK-k-a-c-¯nsâ
Hcp- {][m-\s¸« -L-SIw Xs¶-bm-Wv.
5.15 Cu ]cn-Xx-Øn-Xn-bn temI-¯nse FÃm cmPy-§-fn-sebpw P\-§Ä X§-fpsS `mhn
`mK-t[-bs¯ cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\mbn \ne-\n¡p¶ bmYmÀ°y-§-Ä- DbÀ-¯p-¶
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-tS-−-Xp−vþ Cu shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-Xn-\mbn F§s\ P\Io-b-amb _lp-P\-k-a-c-§Ä iàn-s¸-Sp-¯m-sa¶v Is−-¯-Ww. kmaq-ly-]-cn-hÀ¯\-¯n\v th−n-bpÅ P\-Iob ka-c-§Ä apt¶m«v sIm−p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xn AhÀ F{Xam{Xw hnP-bn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶-Xns\ B{i-bn-¨m-bn--cn¡pw Cu- ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ KXnthKw \nÀW-bn-¡-s¸-Sp-I.
VI
tkmjyenÌv cmPy-§-fnse kw`h hnIm-k-§Ä
6.1 ka-Im-enI bmYmÀ°y-§-fnÂ, km{am-Py-Xz-¯n\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn hÀK-i-àn-I-fpsS
imànI _em-_-e-¯n kmÀh-tZ-io-b-am-bn-Xs¶ amäw h¶-Xns\ XpSÀ¶v, A´mcmjv{S [\-aq-e-[\w \bn-¡p-¶Xpw \nb-{´n-¡p-¶-Xp-amb BtKm-f-h¡-cWw
DbÀ¯nb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-Xn-\mbn \ne-hn-epÅ tkm-jy-en-Ìv- cm-Py-§Ä- Hcp-Iq«w- km¼-¯nI ]cn-jvIm-c-§Ä \S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn GÀ-s¸«n-cn-¡bm-Wv.- temIs¯
cmPy-§-sf-sbÃmw DZm-c-h¡-cWw AXnsâ Nqgn-bn-te¡v hen-¨-Sp--¸n-¨p-sIm-−n-cns¡ Cu ]cn-jvIm-c-§Ä¡v ASn-Øm\w A´ÀtZ-iob hn]-Wn-bp-ambn X§fpsS
k¼-Zvhy-h-Ø-Isf DZv{K-Yn-¡-em-bn-cp-¶p. Cu ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯n-tâ-Xmb L«-¯nÂ
Cu cmPy-§Ä Cu shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-Xv GXp hn[-¯n-emWv F¶Xv Kuc-hamb ]cn-tim-[-\bv-¡v hnt[-b-am-t¡− hnj-b-am-Wv.
6.2 DÂ]m-Z-t\m-]m-[n-I-fpsS P\-Iob DS-a-Ø-Xbpw an¨w kmaq-ly-ambn kzmb-¯-am¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ tkmjy-en-k-¯nsâ coXn \ntj-[n¨v ]Icw an¨w hyàn-K-X-ambn
kzmb-¯-am-¡p-¶-Xn-te¡v ]cn-jvImc {]{Inb sIms−-¯n-¡p-¶pt−m? Cu cmPy-§fn-seÃmw km¼-¯nI Ak-aXzw AXn-thKw hn]p-e-s¸-Sp-I, Agn-a-Xn, kzP-\-]-£]mXw apX-emb \ntj-[m-ßI {]h-W-X-IÄ Cu ]cn-jvI-cW {]{Inb¡nS-bn {]Xy£-s¸-«n-«p-−v. `cn-¡p¶ I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀSn-IÄ CsXÃmw {i²n-¡pI am{X-aÃ, Ch
ssIIm-cyw- sN¿p-¶Xn-\pw- XSbp-¶Xn-\pw- Xncp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw DÅ {]I-S-amb bXv\§Ä \S¯nbn«p-ap-−v. Db-cp¶ {][m\ tNmZy-an-XmWv: ]cn-jvI-c-W-¯n-tâ-Xmb Cu
{]{Inb `mhn-bn Hcp {]Xn-hn-¹hw \S¯n hnP-bn-¸n-¡m-³- Ign-bp-¶ Hcp NqjI
apX-em-fn-hÀKw DbÀ¶p hcp-¶-Xn-te¡v \bn-¡ptam? AtXm ka-Im-enI ]cn-jvIm-c§-fn Cu iàn-I-fpsS _em-_e-¯nsâ {]{Inb C¶s¯ temI-bm-YmÀ°y-§fn tkmjy-en-ks¯ IqSp-X iàn-bmÀPn-¡p-¶-Xn-te¡pw ZrVo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xnte¡pw \bn-¡ptam?
6.3 aqÀ¯-amb ØnXn-K-Xn-IfpsS aqÀ¯-amb hni-I-e-\s¯ ASn-Øm-\-am-¡nb Hmtcm
tkmjy-enÌv hn¹-hhpw apX-em-fn-¯-t¯-¡mÄ sa¨-s¸« hyh-Ø-bmbn tkmjy-enks¯ Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xn\v sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK `c-W-Iq-S-¯n³Io-gn D¸m-Z-\-i-àn-Isf
kmaq-ly-h¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw AXn-thKw hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw X\-Xmb kao-]\w
Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m³ F¶pw {i²n-t¡-−-Xp-−v. Hm-tcm- khn-tij hn-¹hhpw- hÀK§fpsS _em-_-e-§fpw- B`y-´-c-ambpw A´À-tZio-bam-bpw- t\cn-Sp-¶ aqÀ-¯am-b
bm-YmÀ-Xv-Yy-§Ä-s¡m-¯hn-[am-bn-cn-¡pw- CXv- F§s\ sN¿msa¶v- \nÀ-Wbn-¡p-I.- -
ssN\
6.4 Hcp ]cn[nhsc ]cn-jvI-c-Wm-\-´c tkm-jy-en-Ìv- ssN\-bn \mw ImWp-¶Xv ]p¯³
km¼-¯nI-\b -Im-e-L-«-¯nse tÌäv apX-em-fn-¯-s¯-Ip-dn¨v se\n³ ssIs¡m-−
ssk²m-´n-I \ne-]m-Sp-I-fpsS {]Xn-^-e-\-am-Wv. Hcp ]nt¶m¡ k¼-Zvhy-h-Ø-bnse
DÂ]m-Z\ iàn-Isf h³tXm-Xnep-Å tkmjy-enÌv \nÀ½mWs¯ \n-e\nÀ-¯m-hp-¶
\ne-hm-c-¯n-te¡v hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-sX-§s\ F¶-XmWv CXn-e-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p¶ {][m\
{]iv\w. se\n³ Xsâ Ime¯v kmÀÆ-tZ-io-bhpw B`y-´-c-hp-amb ØnXn-K-Xn-Isf
16
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
aqÀ¯-ambn ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m−v ]nt¶m¡ DÂ]m-Z\ iàn-Ifpw DbÀ¶
tkmjy-enÌv DÂ]m-Z\ _Ô-§fpw X½n-epÅ hnShv \n-I¯p-¶-Xn\v th−n \nc-´cambn bXv-\n-¨n-cp-¶p. (24) F¶mÂ,- tkmjy-enÌv \nÀ½m-W-¯n-tâ-Xmb Cu- tkmhnbäv Ncn{XKXn hyXy-kvX-amb Ncn{X ]Ým-¯-e¯n-emWv D−m-bXv. (25)
C¶s¯ ssN\-bn DÂ]m-Z-\-i-àn-I-fpsSbpw- tkmjy-enk¯n³ Iognse DÂ]mZ\ _Ô-§fpsSbp-w \n-ehm-c§Ä- X½n-epÅ s]m-cp-¯w t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\mWv
{ian-¡p-¶-Xv. DbÀ¶ tkmjy-enÌv DÂ]m-Z\ _Ô-§sf Xmgv¶ \ne-hm-c-¯n-epÅ
DÂ]m-Z-\-i-àn-IsfsIm-−v- Ømbn-bm-¡m³ Ign-bn-Ã. Xmgv¶ \ne-hm-c-¯n-epÅ
DÂ]m-Z-\-i-àn-I-fp-tS-Xmb Hcp \o− Ime-L«w tkmjy-en-k-¯n\v Iogn ssZ\wZn\w hnI-kn-¨p-h-cp¶ `uXn-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb P\-§-fpsS Bh-iy-§fpw
]n³\ne DÂ]m-Z\ iàn-Ifpw X½n Hcp {][m-\-s¸« sshcp²yw hfÀ¶p-h-cp-¶-Xn\n-S-bm-¡pw. ssN\bpsS I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀSn (kn-.]n.-kn) F¯n-t¨À-¶ \n-Ka\w- Cu
sshcp²yw ]cn-l-cn-¡msX XpSÀ¶m ssN\-bnse tkmjy-enkw Xs¶ `o-jWn-sb
t\cn-Spw- F¶m-Wv.
kn.-]n.-kn-bpsS s]mXp-]-cn-]mSn AXnsâ IS-asb C§s\ AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn¡p¶p: ""ssN\ tkmjy-en-k-¯nsâ {]mY-anI L«-¯n-em-Wv, ZoÀL-Imew AX-§s\
XpS-cp-Ibpw sN¿pw. km¼-¯n-I-ambpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambpw ]nt¶m¡w \n¡p¶
ssN\-bpsS tkmjy-enÌv B[p-\n-IhÂ--I-c-W-¯n NmSn-¡-S-¡m-hp¶ Hcp Ncn-{X-L«-aà CXv. \qdv sImÃ-¯n-e-[n-I-sa-Sp-¯mhpw CXv Ah-km-\n-¡p-I. tkmjy-enÌv
\nÀ½mW¯n \½psS khn-tij ØnXn-K-Xn-I-fn \n¶v \mw apt¶-dp-Ibpw
ssN\okv khn-ti-j-X-Itfm-Sp-Iq-Snb tkmjy-enÌv ]mX-bn-te¡v \o§p-Ibpw
thWw.''
ssN\okv I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀSn tkmjy-en-k-¯nsâ {]mY-anI L«-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Hcp
XmXznI k¦Â]\w apt¶m«v sh¨n-cn-¡p¶p. t\cs¯ Nq−n-¡m-Wn-¨-Xp-t]mse,- CXv
hmkvX-h-¯n amÀIvkpw FwKÂkpw ]d-bp-Ibp-w ]n¶o-SpÅ amÀIvkn-Ìp-ImÀ
AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-t\mSv kZr-i-amWv: tkmjy-enkw apX-em-fn-¯-¯n\pw
Iayq-Wn--k-¯n\pw CS-bn-epÅ Hcp A´-cmf L«-amWv.- AXn-\m-eXv I½yq-WnÌv kaql-¯nsâ BZy-L-«-amWv. F¶mÂ- kn.-]n.kn HcSn IqsS apt¶m«v sh¨v Cu A´-cmf
L«-¯n Xs¶,- hn¹h kµÀ-`-¯nse DÂ]m-Z-\-i-àn-I-fpsS \ne-hm-c-¯nsâ ASnØm-\-¯nÂ,- hyXykvX Zi-I-fp-−m-hp-sa¶v kn²m-´n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. CXv Nn«-bmbn
hymJym-\n-¨Xv kn.-]n.-kn-bpsS ]Xn-aq¶mw tIm¬{K-kn-em-Wv. hn¹h ka-b¯v ssN\
]nt¶m¡w \n¡p-¶-Xpw, AÀ² ^yqU-epw, AÀ² sImtfm-Wn-be
- p-amb cmPy-am-bncp-¶-Xn-\m AXn\v AXnsâ k¼-ZvL-S-\-bpsS tkmjy-enÌv ]cn-hÀ¯-\ Zi hfsc
Xmgv¶ \ne-hm-c-¯n \n¶v XpS-t§-−-Xmbn h¶p. Cu {]{In-b-sb-bmWv AhÀ
""ssN\okv khn-ti-j-X-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb tkmjy-enÌv \nÀ-½mWw'' F¶v hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv.
A¯-c-samcp ]cn-hÀ¯\w t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn, tkmjy-enÌv hn]Wn k¼-ZvhyhØ sI«n-¸-Sp-¡pI F¶ asämcp ssk²m-´nI k¦Â]\w IqsS kn.-]n.kn
apt¶m«v sh¨p. Nc-¡pÂ]m-Z\w \ne-\n¡p-t¶-S-t¯mfw Imew Nc¡v ssIam-ä¯n\v Hcp hn]Wn Bh-iy-am-sa¶ Imcyw Ct¸mÄ hyà-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
DÂ]m-Z-t\m-]m-[n-I-fpsS s]mXp-D-S-a-ØX {][m\ Ah-ew-_-ambn \ne-\nÀ¯p¶
tkmjy-enÌv `c-W-Iq-S-¯nsâ \nb-{´-W-¯n³ Iogn ssN\-bn kr-jv-Sn-¡m³- {ian¨Xv- Hcp Nc¡v hn]Wn k¼-Zvhy-hØ cq]-s¸-Sp-¯em-Wv-; AXp-sIm−v kn]n.kn Dt±in-¡p-¶-Xv. "H¶m-a-Xmbn sam¯w kaql aqe-[-\-¯n s]mXp-aq-e-[\¯n\m-bn-cn¡pw
taÂss¡. c−m-a-Xmbn tÌäv k¼ZvhyhØ km¼-¯nI Pohn-X-s¯ \nb-{´n-¡pIbpw tZiob k¼Zvhyh-Ø-bn apJy-]¦v hln-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I-bmWv,'' CXneqsS
km¼-¯nI {[pho-I-c-W-hpw, kzImcy hn]Wn k¼-Zvhy-h-Ø-bm hÀ²n-¡p¶ Aka-Xz-§fpw XS-bm-\m-hp-sa¶pw A[zm-\n-¡p¶ P\-§-fpsS s]mXp-hmb sFizcyw Dd¸p-h-cp-¯m-\m-hp-sa-¶p-amWv AhÀ Icp-Xp-¶Xv.
Cu ]cn-jvIm-c-§Ä XoÀ¨-bmbpw Kp-W]cam-b ^e-§Ä Df-hm-¡n-bn-«p-−v. Ignª
aq¶p Zi-I-§-fmbn ssN\okv k¼-Zvhy-hØ BÝ-cy-I-c-amb tXmXn 9 iXam\¯ntesd hfÀ¨-bp-−m-¡p-Ibpw Zmcn{Zyw ]Wm-Sn-Øm-\-¯n IW-¡m-¡n-bmÂ
1981 \pw 2005 \pw CS-bn 80 iX-am-\-¯n-tesd Xmgp-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-−v. ]cn-jvIm-c§Ä¡v Xp-S¡w-Ip-dn-¨p-sIm-−v- ssN\ 1980 se Pn.-F³.]n Cc-«n-bm-¡m\pw P\-§-fpsS
ASn-Øm\ Pohn-Xm-h-iy-§Ä Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m-\p-apÅ Bkq-{X-W-amWv \S-¯n-b-Xv.
17
c−mas¯ Np-hSp-sh¸v- 1980 se DÂ]m-Z\w Cc-«n-bp-sS Cc«n-bm-¡epw 20-þmw \qäm−nsâ Ah-km-\-t¯msS {]mY-anI kar-²n- t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡ep-am-bn-cp-¶p.-- Cu c−p
L«-¯n-tebpw e£yw t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-³- Ign-ªp.- Cu t\«-§-sfÃmw ssN\bv-¡v
ssIhcn-¡m-³- IgnªXv- amthm-bnÌv Im-eL«¯n-se \ne-]m-Sn \n¶v hyXn-N-en-¨Xp-sIm-−m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. adn¨v ssN\okv P\-Iob dn¸-»nIv AXnsâ BZy-aq¶v Zi-I-§fn tI{µo-IrX Bkq-{X-W-¯n-eqsS t\Snb ià-amb ASn-¯d hnI-kn-¸n-¨p-sIm−m-bn-cp-¶p. aq¶mw L«-¯n AhÀ e£y-an-Sp¶Xv ""]o¸nÄkv dn¸-»nIv Hm^v
ssN\-bpsS iXm_vZn hmÀjn-I-¯n AXm-bXv 2049  Btfm-lcn Pn.-F³.]n CS¯cw hnI-knX cmPy-§-fn-te-Xn-t\mSv Xpey-amb \ne-hm-c-¯n-te¡v F¯n-¡pI''
F¶-Xm-Wv.
6.11 33 hÀjs¯ ]cn-jvIm-c-§Ä¡p-tijw 2010  ssN\-bpsS sam¯w km¼-¯nI
DÂ]m-Z\w 5.88 e£w-tIm-Sn- tUmf-dn-te-s¡-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. AXv 1978 teXnsâ ]Xn\m-dn-c-«n-bm-Wv. AtX-t]mse temI-i-cm-i-cn-bp-ambn X«n-¨p-t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ- ssN\-bpsS
Btfm-lcn hcp-am-\w- 2005se 24.-9 iXam-\¯nÂ-\n-¶v- 2010Â- 46.-8 iXam-\am-bn- DbÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.- cmPy-¯nsâ sam¯w Ib-än-d-¡p-aXn hym]vXw 1978  2060 tIm-Sn- tUmfdm-bn-cp-¶Xv 2010  2.974 e£w-tIm-Sn- tUmf-dmbn hÀ²n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. 1979 apX 2010
hsc D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯nb hntZ-i-{]-Xy£ \nt£]w sam¯w 1.048 e£w-tIm-SntUmf-dm-Wv.
6.12 Cu Zi-I-§Ä-¡n-SbnÂ- ssN\-bnse ]cn-jvI-cW {]{Inb Xs¶ \nc-h[n amä-§Ä¡v
hnt[-b-am-bn. AhÀ 1978 emWv Bcw-`n-¨-sX-¦nepw tkmhn-bäv bqWn-bsâ XIÀ¨bpw
temI¯v tkmjy-enÌv {]Xn-tcm[ iàn-bpsS Ah-km-\hpw \mw ap¼v hne-bn-cp-¯nbXv t]mepÅ Hcp BtKm-f- ØnXnhntijw cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n. CXn-t\m-sSm¸w Xs¶
Snb\m³sa³ NXzc kw`h hnIm-k-§Ä t]mepÅ B`y-´c AkzmØy§-fp-ap-−mbn. Cu kw`h hnIm-k-§Ä, ]cn-jvI-cW {]{In-b-bn \nc-h[n "Znim- Xncp¯ep'Ifn-te¡v \bn-¨p. (26)
6.13 hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bpsS {ZpX-K-Xn-bn-epŠhnIm-khpw {Kma
{]tZi§fnse Btcm-KyþhnZym-`ym-kþkmaq-ly-tk-h\ taJ-eI
- -fn s]mXp hIbn-cp¯Â ZpÀ_-e-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXXv sXm®q-dp-I-fn-em-Wv. 2005þHmsS hyh-km-b-ta-J-ebn aqey-hÀ²nX {]hÀ-¯\w kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bp-tSXv 50 iX-am-\-am-hp-Ibpw s]m-XpþIq-«p- kw-cw-` taJeIfnÂ- tPmen sN¿n-¡p¶Xn-sâ Cc«n sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ ]Wn-sbSp-¡p-¶Xv kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bn-em-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶n-cp-¶mepw Gähpw- Ah-km\
]T-\-§Ä (A-ta-cn-¡³ tIm¬{KjW I½nän dnt¸mÀ«n\p th−n X¿m-dm-¡n-b-Xv)
ImWn-¡p¶Xv kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-bn-epÅ kwcw-`-§-fpsS BkvXn 2003 a[y-¯n Pn.-Un.]n-bpsS 60 iX-am-\-ambncp¶Xv 2010 a[y-t¯msS 62 iX-am-\-ambn hfÀ¶p-sh-¶m-Wv.
kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-ØXbn-ep-Å kwcw-`-§Ä¡v taÂ-ss¡bp-Å taJ-e-IÄ 2010 Ah-km\-¯nÂ- B`y-´c Hmlcn hn]-Wn-bpsS aqe-[-\-h¡-c-W-¯nsâ 80 iX-am\w t\Sns¡m−v hyà-amb ta[m-hnXzw t\Sn. AtX-t]mse kzImcy B`y-´c Øm]-\-§fn \nIpXn hcp-am\w sam¯ hcp-am-\-¯nsâ 15 iX-am-\-¯n Xmsg-bm-Wv. 2010 Â
temI-¯nse Gähpw henb 500 Øm]-\-§-fpsS ]«nI t^mÀNyq¬ X¿m-dm-¡n-bXnÂs]« 42 F®-¯n 3 F®w HgnsI asäÃmw ssN\-bnse Kh¬saâv DS-a-Ø-Xbn-em-Wv. Gähpw henb 500 ssN\okv I¼-\n-Isf Ipdn-¨pÅ ssN\-bpsS ]«n-I-bnÂ
Xs¶ 75 hyh-kmb Øm]-\-§-fp-−v. CXn 29 F®-¯n Hcp kzIm-cy-Øm-]\w
t]mep-an-Ã. aäv ]s¯-®-¯n-em-hs« kzmI-cy-ta-J-e-¡v A{]-[m-\-amb ]¦v am{X-am-WpÅ-Xv. Cu 500 I¼-\n-I-fpsS sam¯w BkvXn-bn 85 iX-am-\hpw \nb-{´n-¡p-¶Xv
Cu- 39 tÌäv ta[m-hn-Xz-apÅ taJ-e-Ifn-se Kh¬saâv DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ Øm]-\§-fp-am-Wv. sam¯w kwcw-`-§-fpsS F®-¯n 3.1 iX-am\w am{Xta hcq F¦nepw
tÌäv DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ kwcw-`-§-fpsS hen-¸-¯nsâ icm-icn kÀ¡mÀ CXc DS-aØ-X-bn-epÅ Øm]-\-§-tf-¡mÄ DbÀ¶-Xm-Wv. icm-icn BkvXn-I-fpsS IW-s¡-Sp¯m kÀ-¡mÀ- DS-a-ØXbn-ep-Å Øm]-\-§Ä kÀ-¡mÀ- CXc Øm]-\-§-fpsS 13.4
Cc«n hep-¸-ap-Å-h-bmWv. 1999 Â kÀ-¡m-À- DSabn-ep-Å hy-hkm-b kwcw-`-§-fpsS
icm-icn BkvXn hep¸w 13.-4 tIm-Sn- sd³-an³-_n-bn \n¶v 2008  92.-3 tIm-Snbm-bn-hÀ²n-¨p. H¼Xv hÀj-¯n-\Iw 589 iX-am-\-¯nsâ hfÀ¨.- CXn-\n-S-bn kÀ¡m-cnXc
DS-Ø-a-X-bn-epÅ kwcw-`-§-fpsS icm-icn BkvXn-IÄ 3.-6 tIm-Sn-bn \n¶v 6.-0 tIm-Snbn-te¡v an-X-amb hfÀ¨ t\Snþ Xm-cXtay-\ sNdnb 67 iX-am\w hfÀ¨.
18
6.14 A§s\ tkh-\-§-fnepw hyh-km-b-§-fnepw kzImcy taJem kwcw-`-§Ä hÀ²n-¡pt¼mÄ Xs¶ {i²n-t¡− Imcyw kÀ-¡mÀ- DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ kwcw-`-§-fmWv X{´{]-[m\ taJ-e-Isf \nb-{´n-¡p-¶Xv F¶-Xm-Wv. kÀ-¡mÀ- DS-a-bn-ep-Å Gähpw ap³]´n-bn-epÅ 50 kwcw-`-§Ä, ZrVo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw Ah k¼-Zvhy-hØ
-bn J\n,
F®, Dcp-¡v, sSen-tImw-, _m¦nw-Kv, DuÀÖw, sdbnÂth, Xpd-ap-J-§Ä apX-em-b-hbn D¶X irw-K§Ä- Ae¦cn-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.
6.15 ]cn-jvIm-c-§-fpsS c−m-w- Zi-bn {Kma-{]-tZ-i-§-fnÂ- {i² tI{µo-Icn-¡p-Ibpw- AXv
\K-c-þ-{Kma A´cw- hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- 2006 \v tij-amWv ssN\okv
Kh¬saâv ImÀjnI \nIpXn Hgn-hm-¡p-hm\pw [m\y-hne k_vknUn DbÀ¯p-hm\pw
{KmaoW Btcm-Ky-þ-hn-Zym-`ymk taJ-e-I-fnse sNe-h-gn-¡Â hÀ²n-¸n-¡m\pw Xocp-am\n-¨-Xv. Nne Ak-´p-en-Xm-h-Ø-IÄ ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v th−n `c-W-IqS Bkq-{XWhpw CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw \S-¡p-¶p-s−¶v CXv hyà-am-¡p-¶p.
6.16 Fs´m-s¡-bm-bmepw ]pXnb {]iv\-§fpw Atem-k-c-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ {]h-W-X-Ifpw Cu
kw`-h-K-Xn-I-fpsS `mK-ambn hfÀ¶p-h-cp-¶p-−v. hfÀ¶p-h-cp¶ Ak-a-Xz-§Ä, sXmgnen-Ãm-bva, Agn-aXn F¶n-h-bm-W-h.
6.17 Ak-a-Xz-§Ä: \K-chpw {Kma-hp-a-S¡w cmPys¯ sam¯-¯n-se-Sp-¯mÂ, 2002 Bbt¸m-tg¡v Gähpw DbÀ¶ Xe¯n-epÅ 10 iX-am-\-¯nsâ icm-icn hcp-am\w Gähpw
Xmsg X«n-epÅ 10 iX-am-\-¯nsâ 22 Cc«n Bsb¶pw \mw ImWp-¶p. Ignª 18
hÀj-¯n-\n-S-bn tIh-e-amb IW-¡p-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n t\m¡n-bm \Kcþ{Kma hcp-am\ hnShv 13 Cc«n hÀ²n-¨-Xmbn ImWm³ Ign-bpw. Ata-cn-¡-sbm-gnsI
atä-sXmcp cmPy-¯p-ap-Å-Xn-t\-¡mÄ A[nIw iXtIm-So-iz-c·mÀ C¶p-ÅXv ssN\-bnem-Wv. 1997 apX-epÅ ]¯v hÀj-¡m-e-b-f-hnÂ, km¼-¯nI cwK¯v \nÀ®m-b-I-amb
tXmXn D−mb IpXn¨p Nm«-¯nsâ Ime-¯v, tZiob hcp-am-\-¯n sXmgn-em-fn-IfpsS thX-\-¯nsâ ]¦v Pn.-Un.-]n-bpsS 53 iX-am-\-¯n \n¶v 40 iX-am-\-¯n-te¡v
Ipd-ªp.
6.18 Cu Ak-´p-en-Xm-h-Ø-I-fn NneXv ]cn-l-cn-¡m-\pÅ {ia-¯nsâ `mK-ambn
ssN\okv Kh¬saâv kwL-Sn-Xhpw Bkq-{Xn-X-hp-amb coXn-bn Hcp hnI-k-\m-[njvTnX Zmcn{Zy eLq-IcW ]²Xn {Kma-{]-tZ-i-§-fn Bcw-`n-¨p. (27) km¼-¯n-I-þ-kmaq-lnI cwK-§-fn-ep-−mb hnI-k\ \ne-hm-c-¯n\v A\p-k-cn¨pw hne kqNn-I-bn-ep−mb amä-§sf ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯nbpw Kh¬saâv {Kma-§-fn Pohn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS
tZiob Zmcn-{Zy-tcJ 2000 Â 865 bphm³ Bbn-cp-¶Xv 2010 Â 1274 bphm³ Bbn
hÀ²n¸n--¨p. Cu amä-¯nsâ ASnØm-\-¯n 2000 Ah-km-\-¯n Zmcn{Zyw sIm−v
IjvS-s¸-«n-cp-¶-hÀ 9.-422 tIm-Sn- Bbn-cp-¶Xv 2010 Ah-km-\-¯n 2.-688 tIm-Sn-bmbn
Ipd-ªp-sh-¶Xv IqSmsX sam¯w {KmaoW P\-kw-Jy-bn Ah-cpsS iX-am\w 2000
 10.2 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-¶Xv 2010  2.8 iX-am-\-ambn Ipd-Ibpw sNbvXp.
6.19 Agn-aXn: 2010 se BZys¯ 11 amk-§-fn ssN\-bnse A¨-S¡ taÂt\m« A[n-Imcn-IÄ 1,-19,-000 Agn-a-Xn-tI-kp-I-fn At\z-jWw \S-¯n. AXn\v ap³hÀjw AtX -Ime-¯v, 1,15,000 Bbn-cp-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ AÂ]w IqSp-X-em-Wn-Xv. 1,-08,-000 tIkp-I-fnÂ
At\z-jWw ]qÀ¯n-bm-b-Xn 1,13,000 hyàn-IÄ kn.-]n.-kn-bpsS A¨-S¡tam `c-W-]c-amb A¨-S¡tam- ewLn-¨-Xn-\m in£n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw AXn Xs¶ 4332 t]À \nba-ew-L\w \S-¯n-b-Xmbn Is−-¯n-b-Xn-\m PpUo-jy A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS IÌ-Un-bnte¡v ssIamäw sN¿-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
6.-20 aäv- {]iv\§Ä-: \nÀ-Wbn-¡m-\m-hm-¯ aäv- Im-cy-§fp-ap-−v.- ]mÀ-Sn-bn-te¡v- ap-Xem-fnam-sc sIm-−p-hcp-¶Xn-\p-Å Xo-cp-am-\am-Wv,- 2002Â- \S¸m-¡n-b am-ä§fnÂ- H¶v.- GXm\pw- hyh-kmb kw-cw-`Icpw- _n-kn-\Êp-Im-cpw- Ct¸mÄ- ]mÀ-Sn-bnÂ- tNÀ-¶n-«p-−v.- ]mÀSn-bp-sS LS-\-bn am-äw -hcp-¶Xn-\\p-kcn-¨v- ]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS cm-{ão-bhpw- {]Xy-bim-kv{X]chp-am-b Znim-t_m[w- ]p-Xn-b k½À-±§Ä-¡v- hn-t[bam-bn-¯o-cm-hp-¶Xm-Wv.6.-21 ssN\o-kv- Iayq-Wn-Ìv- ]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS [m-cWbnÂ-\n-¶v- km-{am-Py-Xzw- F¶ k¦Â-]\w- hn«p-If-bp-¶-XmWv asäm-cp- {]iv-\w.- km-{am-Py-Xz-hn-cp-² Zn-im-t_m-[¯n-sâ A`m-h¯nÂsXmgn-em-fn-hÀK kmÀh-tZ-io-b-X-bpsS t\À¸n-¡Â kw`-hn-t¨-¡mw.
6.-22 kw-{Kln-¨p- ]dªmÂ-, aq-¶v- ]Xn-äm-−pIfn-se ]cn-jv-Im-c§fp-sS Im-e¯v- DÂ-]mZ\iàn-Ifp-sS hn-Ik\¯n-epw- km-¼¯n-I hfÀ-¨bn-epw- ssN\ h¼n-¨ ImÂ-shbv]p-IÄ- \S¯n-bn-«p-−v.- aq-¶p- ]Xn-äm-−p-Im-e¯v- icm-icn- 10 iXam-\¯n-e[n-Iw- hfÀ¨m-\n-c¡v- Øn-cam-bn- ssIhcn-¡p-I F¶Xv- ap-Xem-fn-¯
Ncn-{X¯n-sem-«msI
19
GsXmcp cmPy¯pw A`q-X-]qÀÆ-amb kw-`hw -Xs¶bm-Wv.- ]t£,- CtX {]{InbXs¶ C¶s¯ ssN\bnÂ- DÂ-]m-Z\ _Ô§fn-epw- AXp-sIm-−p-Xs¶ kmaq-ly_Ô§fn-epw- {]XnIq-eam-b am-ä§Ä- hfsc hy-àam-bpw- ap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−p-h¶n-«p−v.6.-23 Cu- sshcp-²y-§sf F{Xam-{Xw- hn-PbIcam-bm-Wv- ssIIm-cyw- sN¿p-¶Xv,- Ahsb
F§-s\-bmWv ]cn-lcn-¡p-¶Xv- F¶Xm-bn-cn-¡pw- ssN\bp-sS `m-hn- KXn- \n-À-Wbn¡m³- t]m-Ip-¶Xv.- tkmjy-en-ks¯ iàn-s¸-Sp-¯m\pw Ac-¡n-«p-d-¸n-¡m-\p-apÅ
bXv\-§Ä¡v \½-fp-sSbpw temI-sa-§p-apÅ I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Im-cp-sSbpw sFIy-ZmÀVyw
e`n-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.
6.-24 Xp-SÀ-¶v- hn-bXv-\m-apw- Iyq-_bpw- D¯csIm-dn-bbpw- \S¸m-¡n-b ]cn-jv-Im-c§sf hnebn-cp-t¯−Xpw- {][m-\w-Xs¶bm-Wv.- A´m-cm-{ã [\aq-e[\hpw- BtKm-fh¡cWhp-am-bn Cu-- cm-{ã§Ä- kz-bw- _Ôs¸Sp-¶Xv- GXp-hn-[¯n-em-Wv- F¶Xm-Wv{][m-\am-bpw- ]cn-KWn-t¡−Xv-þap-¼v- tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-b-sâ \nÀ-Wm-bIam-b ]n³-XpWtbbpw- klm-bt¯bpw- ASn-Øm-\s¸Sp-¯n-s¡m-−v- hfÀ-¨ {]m-]n-¨n-cp-¶ Cutkm-jy-en-Ìv- cm-{ã§Ä- Ct¸mÄ- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯mÂ- \nÀ-Wbn-¡s¸Sp-¶
A´m-cm-{ã hn-]Wn-bp-am-bn- tbm-Pn-¨p- {]hÀ-¯n-¡m³- \nÀ-_Ôn-Xam-bn- XoÀ-¶n-cn-¡p¶ kµÀ-`¯nÂ- {]tXy-In-¨pw.-- Cu- cm-{ã§fn-se tkm-jy-en-k¯n-sâ \n-e\nÂ-¸nsât\À-¡p-Xs¶ km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cWw- DbÀ-¯n-bn-«p-Å shÃp-hn-fn-sb
t\cn-Sp-Ibm-Wv- Bhiyw.-
hn-bXv-\mw6.-25 1986 Un-kw-_dnÂ- tNÀ-¶ hn-bXv-\mw- Iayq-Wn-Ìv-]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS Bdm-aXv- tZio-b tIm¬{KknÂ,- "tZm-bv- tam-bv'- (Doi Moi) AYhm- \ho-IcW¯n-sâ t]cnÂ- Po-hn-X¯n-sâ
an-¡ Xp-dIfn-epw,- {]tXy-In-¨pw- km-¼¯n-I\b¯nÂ,- ]mÀ-Sn- t\Xr-Xzw- am-ä§ÄBhn-jv-Icn-¨p.6.26 1986Â- tNÀ-¶ hn-bXv-\mw- Iayq-Wn-Ìv-]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS Bdm-aXv- tIm¬-{Kkn-sâ dn-t¸mÀ-«nÂC§s\ {]kv-Xm-hn-¡p-¶p.- ""km-¼¯n-ILS\,- {]tXy-In-¨pw- DÂ-]m-Z\¯n-sâbpw\nt£-]-¯n-sâbpw LS\,- {Ias¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-\n-SbnÂ-,- \mw- ]et¸m-gpw,- kXz-c-ambn
ap-t¶dpI F¶ B{K-l-¯n \n¶mWv Bcw-`n-¨Xv-; {]m-tbm-Kn-I ]cn-Xx-Øn-Xn-IfpwIgn-hp-Ifpw- IW¡n-seSp-¡p-Ibp-−m-bn-Ã....''- ]cn-hÀ-¯\¯n-sâ A´cm-fL«¯nÂkz-¯n-sâ hn-hn-[ cq]-§Ä \n-e\nÂ-t¡−Xn-sâ Bhiy-IXsb¡p-dn-¨v- AXv- Xp-SÀ¶v- hn-iIe\w- sN¿p¶p.- (28) XpSÀ¶v Ggmw- tIm¬-{KknÂ,- DbÀ-¶p-hcp-¶ \n-ch[n{]iv-\§tfbpw- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-\v- hn-cp-²am-b {]hWXIsf sNdp-t¡−Xn-sâ
Bhiy-IXtbbpw- hn-bXv-\mw- Iayq-Wn-Ìv-]mÀ-Sn- DbÀ-¯n-¡m-Wn-¨n«p-−v.-
Iyq-_
6.-27 Iyq-_bpw,- X§fp-sS km-¼¯n-I \b§Ä- ]p-\chtem-I\¯n-\pw- ]p-\cm-hn-jvIcW¯n-\pw- hn-t[bam-¡n-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-bsâbpw- tkmjy-en-Ìv- tNcn-bp-sSbpw- XIÀ-¨bv-¡p-tijw,- ap³- tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-b\n-Â-\n-¶v- Dd¸mbpw- e`n-¨p-sIm-−n-cp-¶ km-[\ km-a{Kn-Ifp-sS Nn-«bm-b {]hm-lw- s]s«¶v- \n-e¨pt]m-bXm-bn- Iyq-_ I−p.- B[p-\n-I tem-I¯n-sâ Ncn-{X¯n-se Gähpw- a\p-jy-Xzcln-Xam-b km-¼¯n-I D]tcm-[§Ä- ASn-t¨Â-¸n-¨p-sIm-−v- Iyq-_sb izm-kw-ap-«n¡p-¶Xv Atacn-¡³- km-{am-Py-Xzw- Xp-Scp-Ibm-Wv.- Cu- ]Ým-¯e¯n-em-Wv,- ""Iyq-_³km-¼¯n-I am-Xr-I Im-tem-Nn-Xam-¡n- XoÀ-¡p-¶Xn-\p-th−nbpw- tkm-jy-en-k¯nsâbpw- cm-Py-¯n-sâ km-¼¯n-I hn-Im-k¯n-sâbpw- P\§fp-sS Po-hn-X \n-ehm-c¯nsâ ]p-tcm-KXn-bp-sSbpw- ss\c´cy-hpw- Xn-cn-¨n-Sm-\m-Im--¯ AhØbpw- Dd¸p-hcp-¯p¶Xv- e£yw-sh¨p-sIm-−pw''-,- ""]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS km-¼¯n-Ihpw- km-aq-ly-hp-am-b
\b§sfbpw- hn-¹ht¯bpw- Ip-dn-¨pÅ amÀ-K\nÀ-t±i§sf kw-_Ôn-¨ {]tabw'']mÀ-Sn- 2011 P\p-hcn-bnÂ- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨Xv.6.-28 thX\hpw- s]³-j\pw- kw-_Ôn-¨ \bw- ]p-\:]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- \ãw- hcp-¯p¶ kÀ-¡mÀ- Øm-]\§Ä- AS¨p-]q-«p-¶Xn-\pw- A\À-lam-b- ku-P\y- B\p-Iq-ey§fpw- Bhiy-¯n-e[n-Iap-Å k_v-kn-Un-Ifpw- tdj³-ImÀ-Up-Ifpw- {ItaW Hgn-hm¡p-¶Xn-\pw- Iyq-_ {ian-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-Ibp-am-Wv.- kz-X{´am-b Ir-jn-bn-S§Ä- D−m¡p-¶Xn-\pw- Ah sNdn-b `q-hp-SaIÄ-¡v- Ir-jn-¡m-bn- ]m-«¯n-\v- \Â-Ip-¶Xn-\pw- sNdpIn-S DÂ-]m-ZIÀ-¡m-bn- hn-]Wn- cq-]o-Icn-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- Ibäp-aXn-¡m-bp-Å DÂ-]m-Z\¯n\v- t{]m-Õm-l\w- \Â-Ip-¶Xn-\pw- Iyq-_ ]²Xn-bm-hn-jv-Icn-¨n-«p-−v.- sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifp-sS
20
DÂ-]m-Z\£aXbpw- A¨S¡hpw- sa¨s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-\pw- A[n-Iam-bp-Å A[zm\iàn-sb ]p-\:{Iao-Icn-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- \S]Sn-IÄ- Bcw-`n-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- Xo-cp-am-\n¡s¸«n-«p-−v.- DbÀ-¶ hcp-am-\w- e`n-¡p-¶hcp-sStaÂ- DbÀ-¶ \n-c¡nÂ- \n-Ip-Xn- Npa¯n-s¡m-−p-Å \n-Ip-Xn- hy-hØ \S¸m-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- DÂ-]m-Z\w- hÀ-²n-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\mbn- \n-Ip-Xn- B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä- \Â-Ip-¶Xn-\pw- cm-Py-¯v- \n-ehn-ep-Å Cc« Id³-kn- hyhØ CÃm-Xm-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- (29) DÅ ]²Xn-Ifpw- Bhn-jv-Icn-¡p-¶p-−v.-
D¯c sIm-dn-b
6.-29 2011Â- D¯c sIm-dn-b km-¼¯n-Ihn-Ik\¯n-\m-bn- ZihÕc `cWIq-SX{´ ]²XnAw-Ko-Icn-¨p-; Cu- {]{In-bbv-¡v- taÂ-t\m-«w- hln-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn,- km-¼¯n-I hnIk\¯n-\m-bp-Å tÌäv- P\dÂ- _yq-tdm- Øm-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p.- (30)
6.30 A¯cw- ]cn-jv-Im-c§fn-eq-sS X§fp-sS km-aq-ly- DÂ-]m-Z\iàn-Isf ap-t¶m-«p- sIm−p-t]m-Ip-¶Xn-\m-Wv- Un-]n-BÀ-sI {ian-¡p-¶Xv.- Ahbn-Ãm-sX AXym-hiy-am-b km¼¯n-Ihpw- km-aq-ly-hp-am-b hn-Ik\¯n-sâ D¶X \n-ehm-c§Ä- ssIhcn-¡p-¶Xnt\m- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-sâ ta· kv-Ym-]n-¡p-¶Xn-t\m- Ign-bn-Ã.- hyàn-{]-`mhw
t]mepÅ sshI-ey-§Ä¡p ]pd-sa, `£y-ZuÀe`yw t]mse-bpÅ {]iv\-§fpw ]cn-lcn-t¡-−-Xm-bp-−v.
6.-31 ssN\bn-se ]cn-jv-IcW{]{In-bbp-sS- Im-cy-¯nÂ- - \mw- kq-Nn-¸n-¨t]m-se,- tkm-jy-enÌv- cm-{ã§fn-se ]cn-jv-Im-c§fp-sS Cu- A\p-`h§fnÂ-\n-¶v- DbÀ-¶p-hcp-¶ {][m-\
{]iv-\w,- DbÀ-¶p-hcp-¶ ]p-Xn-b {]iv-\§sfbpw- sshcp-²y-§sfbpw- Ahsb§s\
ssIIm-cyw-sN¿p-¶p,- F§s\ ]cn-lcn-¡p-¶p- F¶Xm-Wv.- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- Zr-VoIcW¯n-s³d `m-hn- ]m-X- F´m-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶v- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶Xv- CXm-bn-cn-¡pw.6.32 \½psS 14-þmw tIm¬{Kkv {]ta-b-¯n ]d-ª-Xp-t]m-se, ""tkmjy-en-ks¯ \ne\nÀ¯m\pw hnI-kn-¸n-¡m\pw P\-§-fpsS hfÀ¶p-h-cp¶ Iq«mb t_m[-¯nsâ ASnØm-\-¯n am{Xta Ign-bq. AXm-Is« B{i-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv tkmjy-enÌv
\nÀ½mWw krjvSn¨ `uXnI kml-N-cy-§-sf-bm-Wv. A¯cw Iq«mb t_m[s¯
hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡m³ `c-W-¯n-epÅ I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀSn-bpsS {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-amb
\nÝ-b-ZmÀVy-an-ÃmsX Ign-bn-Ã.''
VII
Nn-e hn-Ikz-c cm-{ã§Äem-än-\tacn-¡
7.1 km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-\pw- em-än-\tacn-¡bn-se AXn-sâ \hen-_dÂ- IS¶m-{IaW§Ä-¡pwFXn-cm-bn- h¼n-¨ P\Io-b ap-t¶ä§fp-sS Xcw-Kam-bn- DbÀ-¶p-hcp-¶ P\Io-b
Kh¬-saâp-Isf ""Cfw-Np-h¸v- then-tbäw-þCSt¯m-«p-Å Nm-bv-hv''- F¶m-Wv- P\Iobam-bn- hn-hcn-¡s¸Sp-¶Xv.7.-2 P\m-[n-]Xy-]cam-b Xn-csªSp-¸p-IfnÂ- hn-Pbw- t\Sn-bXn-s\ Xp-SÀ-¶v- em-än-\tacn¡bn-se At\Iw cm-Py-§fnÂ- `cn-¡p-¶Xv- CSXp-]£ Znim-t_m-[-apÅ AYhm- ]ptcm-Ka\ Kh¬-saâp-IÄ- BWv.- Cu- cm-Py-§fnÂ- DbÀ-¶p-h¶n-«p-Å Iayq-Wn-Ìv- ]mÀSn-IfS¡ap-Å CSXp-]£ Znim-t_m-[-apÅ kJy-§Ä,- km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fh¡cW¯n-\pw- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-\I¯p-Xs¶bp-Å \hen-_dek¯n-\pw- FXn-cm-b
_Zem-Wv- {]Zm-\w-sN¿p-¶Xv.- Cu Kh¬-saâp-IÄ tkmjy-enÌv _Z Bhm-Xn-cn-¡pt¼mÄ Xs¶, km{am-Py-Xz-¯n\pw \h-en-_-d apX-em-fn-¯-¯n\pw FXn-cmbn \nÀ®mbI shÃp-hnfn DbÀ¯m-hp¶ "Bß-\njvT L«w' hnI-kn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ ka-c-¯nÂ
Ah krjvSn-]-c-amb kw`-h-hn-Im-k-§sf {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¡p-¶p. CSXp-]£ km-lknIXbp-sS \n-jv-{]tbm-P-\Xzw Hcn-¡Â-Iq-Sn- DbÀ-¯n-¡m-Wn-¨p-sIm-−v s]dp,- sIm-fw-_nb t]mepÅ cm-Py-§fnÂ- Ct¸m-gpw- Xp-SÀ-¶p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶ kmbp[ kac§tfm-Sv{]Xy-£¯n-ep-Å A´cam-Wv- Cu- A\p-`hw- Im-Wn-¡p-¶Xv.- {][m-\am-bpw- sh\tkzesb e£yw-sh¨p-sIm-−v- Atacn-¡,- sIm-fw-_n-bbnÂ- Ggv- ssk\n-I¯m-hf§fm-WvØm-]n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- ""CSXp-]£ ctWm-Õp-IX''-bnÂ-\n-¶v- ""P\m-[n-]Xy-s¯ kwc£n-¡p-I''- F¶Xn-sâ adhnÂ- heXp-]£ ]n³-Xn-cn-¸³- hm-gv-Nsb D]tbm-Ks¸Sp¯n-s¡m-−m-Wv- Atacn-¡ CXp- sN¿p-¶Xv.21
7.-3 Ign-ª GXm-\pw- hÀ-j§Ä-¡p-Ån tkmjy-enÌv Iyq_-bpsS ià-amb kzm[o-\¯n³ IognÂ- Cu- ]p-tcm-Ka\ Kh¬-saâp-IÄ,- Atacn-¡tbm-Sp--Å Ahbp-sS km¼¯n-I B{in-XXzw- KWy-am-bn- Ip-d¨n-«p-−v-; Z£n-W cm-{ã§Ä- X½nÂ-¯½n-ep-Å
hym-]m-cw- hÀ-[n-¸n-¨n-«p−v.- Cu- `q-JÞ¯n-se km-¼¯n-I {]Xn-kÔn-bp-sS BLmXw- Hc-f-thmfw- ]cn-an-Xs¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-\pw- {Zp-XKXn-bnÂ- ho-s−Sp-¸v- \S¯p-¶Xn-\pwCXv- B cm-{ã§sf klm-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶pþ- sh\tkz-ebpw- CIz-tUm-dpw- s_m-fn-hnbbpw Iq-Sp-XÂ- Zr-Vam-b km-{am-Py-Xz-hn-cp-² \n-e]m-Sp-IfnÂ- Dd¨p-\nÂ-¡p-¶p. ap³Kh¬-saâp-Ifp-sS Im-e¯v- kz-Im-cy- \n-b{´W¯n-\v- Io-gvs
- ¸Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶ \n-ch[ns]m-Xp- Bkv-Xn-IÄ- tZikmÂ-¡cn-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- sh\kz-ebnÂ- \n-ch[n_m-¦p-IÄ- tZikmÂ-¡cn-¡s¸«p.- s_m-fo-hn-b- ap-¼v sNbvX-t]mse,- CIz-tUm-À- Cubn-sS CÔ\ t{km-XÊp-IÄ- tZikmÂ-¡cn-¡p-Ibp-−m-bn.- km-aqly-sNehp-IÄ-¡vIq-Sp-XÂ- Du-¶Â- \Â-In-s¡m-−pw- km-aq-ly-þkm-¼¯n-I AkaXz-§Ä Ip-dbv-¡p¶Xn `cWIq-Sw-- kp-{][m-\ ]¦v- hln-¨p-sIm-−pw- Cu- cm-Py-§Ä- Cu- `q-JÞ¯nse aäv- km-{am-Py-Xz-hn-cp-² Kh¬-saâp-IÄ-¡v- hgn-Im-Wn-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.7.-4 Cu- `q-JÞ¯n-se cm-Py-§Ä- X½nÂ-¯½n-ep-Å taJem-Xe hym-]m-cs¯ t{]m-Õmln-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- "saÀ-tIm-kp-À'-- (MERCOSUR), AÂ-_ (FFÂ-_n-F),- km-thmt]m-tfm- t^mdw- Xp-S§n-b \n-ch[n- thZn-IÄ- Du-«n-bp-−m-¡s¸«n-«p-−v.- AhbnÂGähpw- HSp-hn-et¯Xv,- ]p-Xn-b taJem-Xe km-¼¯n-I kw-LS\bm-Wv-þ e¯o-\tacn¡bn-sebpw- Ico-_n-b³- {]tZis¯bpw- cm-Py-§fp-sS kaq-lw- (CELAC). Cu- cm-Py§Ä- X½nÂ-¯½nÂ- Zr-Vam-b _Ôw- Du-«n-bp-−m-¡p-¶Xn-\p-th−n- am-{XaÃ,- \hen_den-k¯n-sâ k½À-±§sf sNdp-¡p-¶Xn-\v- Iq-«m-b bXv-\w- Im-gv-Nshbv-¡p-¶Xn-\pIq-Sn- C-¯cw- FÃm- thZn-Ifpw- D]tbm-Kn-¡s¸Sp-¶p-−v.- ap-¼v- X§fp-sS ]n-¶m-¼pds¯ ap-äam-bn- ]pÑ-t¯msS-- IW¡m-¡n-bn-cp-¶ Cu- `q-JÞ¯n-se X§fp-sS
\ãs¸« kzm-[o-\w- ho-s−Sp-¡m³- Atacn-¡ Xo-{h{iaw- \S¯n-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-¶p-−v.Cu- taJebnÂ- Atacn-¡,- X§fp-sS ssk\n-I km-¶n-[yw- hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- tlm−p-dm-kn-se A«n-adn-bnÂ- Atacn-¡ hln-¨ ]¦nÂ-\n-¶v- hy-àam-Ip-¶t]m-se Cu- cmPy-§fn-se B`y-´cIm-cy-§fnÂ- CSs]Sp-¶Xv- AXn-t¸m-gpw- Xp-SÀ-¶p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶p.aäp-Nn-e cm-Py-§fn-se heXp-]£ Kh¬-saâp-Isf D]tbm-Ks¸Sp-¯m-\pw Atacn-¡
{ian-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶p-−v.- Atacn-¡bp-sS ]calo-\am-b X{´§sf Xp-d¶p-Im-Wn¨p-sIm-−pw- km-{am-Py-Xz- IS¶m-{IaW¯n-s\Xn-cm-bn- P\§sf AWn-\n-c¯n-s¡m−pw- Cu- taJebn-se ]p-tcm-Ka\ Kh¬-saâp-Ifpw- CSXp-]£ iàn-Ifpw- Atacn¡bv-s¡Xn-cmb sNdp-¯p-\nÂ-]nÂ- AKm-[am-bn- GÀ-s¸«n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.7.-5 km-aq-ly- kq-NIm-¦§fp-sS Im-cy-¯nÂ- 1998\p-tijw- FSp-¯p-]db¯¡Xm-b ]p-tcmKXn- D−m-bn-«p-−v- F¶m-Wv- Ign-ª Hcp- ]Xn-äm-−p-Im-e¯n-\p-Ån-se sh\tkz-ebpsS A\p-`hw- Im-Wn-¡p-¶Xv.- Zm-cn-{Zy-hpw- hcp-am-\¯n-ep-Å AkaXz-hpw- Ip-¯s\ Ipdªn-«p-−v.- shÅw,- ip-No-IcW kw-hn-[m-\w- F¶n-hbp-sS e`y-Xbp-sS Im-cy-¯nse¶t]m-se,- Btcm-Kyw,- hn-Zym-`ym-k e`y-X F¶n-hbp-sS kq-NIm-¦§fpw- FSp-¯p]db¯¡hn-[¯nÂ- sa¨s¸«n-«p-−v.- 1999þ2000 hn-Zym-`ym-k hÀ-j¯nÂ-\n-¶v- 2007þ2008 hn-Zym-`ym-khÀ-jam-bt¸m-tg¡v- D¶X hnZym-`ym-k¯n-se hn-ZymÀ-°n-Ifp-sS
F®w-- Cc«n-bn-e[n-Iam-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- (31)
7.6 ""Atacn-¡³- cm-Py-§Ä-¡p-th−n-bp-Å kz-X{´ hym-]m-c IcmÀ''- (FTAA) F¶ t]cnep-Å km-{am-Py-Xz- Kq-VX{´s¯ {]Xy-£¯nÂ-- FXnÀ-¡p-¶ cm-{ão-b ]²Xn-sb¶
\n-ebnÂ,- ""emän\tacn-¡bv-¡p-Å s_m-fo-hm-dn-b³- _ZÂ-'' (ALBA F¶m-Wv- AXvP\Io-bam-bn- Adn-bs¸Sp-¶Xv-) DbÀ-¶p-h¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.- F^v-Sn-FFbv-¡p-Å _ZÂ\nÀ-t±iw- F¶ \n-ebn-em-Wv- AÂ-_ P·w-sIm-−sX¦n-epw- em-än-\tacn-¡³-þIco-_nb³- P\XIfpw- km-{am-Py-Xz-hpw- X½n-ep-Å ]p-cm-X\hpw- Øn-chp-am-b t\cn-S-en-s\bmWv AXv- {]Xn-^en-¸n-¡p-¶Xv.- ]ckv-]chn-cp-²am-b Cu- c−p- ]²Xn-Isf AhXcn¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å Iq-Sp-XÂ- sa¨s¸« Hcp- amÀ-¤w,- Hcp-]t£,- "a¬-tdm-bn-ks¯bpw""s_m-fo-hmdn-b-\n-k''-t¯bpwt\À-¡p-t\À\nÀ-¯nho-£n-¡p-¶Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.""Atacn-¡ Atacn-¡¡mÀ-¡v''- F¶v- km-[m-cWbm-bn- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶ ""a¬-tdm-bnkw'',- bYmÀ-Y¯nÂ- Atacn-¡³- `q-JÞw- bp-Fkv-F¡v''- F¶m-Wv- AÀ-Yam-¡p-¶Xv.CXv- km-{am-Py-Xz- ]²Xn-bm-Wv-þsIm-Åbv-¡pw- IhÀ-¨bv-¡pw- th−n-bp-Å ]²Xn.- adn¨v,- s_mfo-hm-dn-b\n-kw''- F¶Xv- em-än³- Atacn-¡³- P\XIfpw- Ico-_n-b³P\XIfpw- X½nÂ- sFIy-ap-−m-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å \nÀ-t±iam-Wvþ- B {]tZis¯ dn-¸»n¡p-Ifp-sS Hcp- tIm¬-s^Utdj³- cq-]o-Icn-¡p-¶Xn-\v- Dt±in-¨n-cp-¶ sska¬- s_m22
fo-hdp-sS BZÀ-i§Ä- A\p-kcn-¨pÅXm-WXv.- Np-cp-¡¯nÂ-, km-{am-Py-Xz- \nÀt±is¯ hn-tam-N\¯n-sâ \nÀ-t±iw-sh¨v- t\cn-Sp-Ibm-WXv- sN¿p-¶Xv.- F^v-SnFFbpw- FFÂ-_n-Fbpw- X½n-ep-Å sshcp-²y-s¯bm-WXv- {]Xn-^en-¸n-¡p-¶Xv-. (32)
7.7 em-än-\tacn-¡bn-se km-{am-Py-Xz- shÃp-hn-fn-Isf t\cn-Sp-Ibpw- Io-gv-s¸Sp-¯p-IbpwsN¿p-¶Xv- Xp-Scp-¶Xn-ep-Å A¯cw- Kh¬-saâp-Ifp-sS hn-Pbw,- AXn-\mÂ,- "cm-jv-{Sobs¯ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ'- \n-e\nÀ-¯p-¶XnÂ- Zr-VX Im-Wn-¡p-¶Xv- F§s\ Xp-Scp-¶pF¶Xn-s\ B{ibn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.- cm-jv-{So-bw- Ahcp-sS km-¼¯n-I \b§sf \nÀ-Wbn¡p-¶p- F¶p- Dd¸p-hcp-¯p-¶Xn-\pw- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ ta[m-hn-Xz-]cam-b IpX{´§Ä-¡v- tbm-Pn-¨ hn-[w- Ahbp-sS B`y-´c \b§sf \o-¡m³- {ian-¡p-¶ km{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ \b§sfbpw- km-¼¯n-Im-hiy-§sfbpw- ]cm-Pbs¸Sp-¯p-¶Xv- XpScp-¶Xn-\pw- BWv- CXv.- (33)
7.-8 km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-s\Xn-cm-bn- \S¡p-¶ tem-I hym-]Iam-b
kacs¯ iàn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶XnÂ,- Cu- P\Io-bþ]p-tcm-K-a\ iàn-IÄ- C¶v- Hcp- kp{][m-\ LSIam-bn- hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶p.- bp²-¯n\pw km{am-Py-Xz-¯n\pw ssk\n-Iamb
IS¶m-{IaW¯n-\pw- ]cn-ØnXn \io-I-c-W-¯n\pw hncp-²-amb {]Øm-\-§-sf
BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-s\Xn-cm-b {]Øm-\§fp-am-bn- Iq-«n- tbm-Pn-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-se Hcpkp-{][m-\ I®n-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- Ah.- -Cu- sFIy-s¯,- iàam-b Hcp- BtKm-f km-{am-PyXz-hn-cp-² {]Øm-\am-¡n- hfÀ-¯n-sbSp-t¡−Xv- Bhiy-am-Wv.- `m-hn-bnÂ- hn-¹hIcamb ]cn-hÀ-¯\¯n-\v- km-[y-Xbp-Å Hcp- {]Øm-\am-bn-cn-¡pw- AXv.-
Z£n-Wm-{^n-¡
7.9 Z£n-Wm-{^n-¡³- Iayq-Wn-Ìv-]mÀ-Sn- (SACP) khn-tijam-bn- kz-`m-h\n-À-Wbw- sNbvXt]se,- A¸mÀ-¯o-Un-\p-taÂ- t\Sn-b sFXn-lm-kn-Ihpw- [o-tcm-Zm-¯hp-am-b hnPbs¯bpw- tZio-b P\m-[n-]Xy- hn¹h¯n-sâ hn-Pbs¯bpw- Xp-SÀ-¶v,- B-{^n-¡³
\m-jWÂ- tIm¬-{Kkpw- Z£n-Wm-{^n-¡³- Iayq-Wn-Ìv-]mÀ-Sn-bpw- Z£n-Wm-{^n-¡³t{SUv-bq-Wn-b\p-Ifp-sS tIm¬-s^Utdj\pw- tNÀ-¶p-−m-¡n-b {Xn-I£n- kJy-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\¯nÂ- cq-]w-sIm-− FF³-kn- Kh¬-saâv,- hfscb[n-Iw- Nq-jWmßIhpw- hw-io-bam-bn- hn-thN\]chp-am-bn-cp¶ A¸mÀ-¯o-Uv- LS\Isf ]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿p-¶-Xnepw Idp-¯hÀ-¡v- {]m-ap-Jy-ap-Å P\X¡v- km-¼¯n-I im-àoIcWw- {]Zm-\w-sN¿p-¶Xn-epw- Ku-cht_m-[t¯m-sS¯s¶ apgp-In-bn-cn-¡p-IbWv.hfÀ-¨,- sXm-gnÂ,- ]p-\À- hn-XcWw- (GEAR) F¶ t]cn Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶- 1996Â- Aw-KoIcn-¨ Hcp- \b¯n-eq-sSbm-Wv- AhÀ- Xp-S¡¯nÂ- CXn-\m-bn- {ian-¨Xv.- ]t£,- Cu\bw-- ap-t¶m-«p-shbv-¡p-¶Xv- \hen-_dÂ- ]cn-jv-IcW {]{In-bbm-sW¶v- ]n-¶o-Sv- t_m[y-s¸«p.- Pn-Un-]n-bn-se sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifp-sS hn-ln-Xw- 1994Â- 51 iXam-\w- Bbn-cp-¶Xv2008 Bbt¸m-tg¡v- 42 iXam-\am-bn- CSn-bp-¶Xn-\pw- Pn-Un-]n-bp-sS A\p-]m-Xsa¶ \nebn-epÅ em-`hn-ln-Xw- CtX Im-ebfhnÂ- 25 iXam-\¯nÂ-\n-¶v- 33 iXam-\am-bnDbcp-¶Xn-\pam-Wv- AXn-Sbm-¡n-bXv.- Ku-cham-b Hcp- Xn-cp-¯Â- amÀ-¤¯n-sâ \Sp-hnem-Wv- C¶v- Z£n-Wm-{^n-¡ \nÂ-¡p-¶Xv.- (34)
7.-10 X§fp-sS kz-´w- B`y-´c A\p-`h§fp-sS ASn-Øm-\¯n-epw- C¶s¯ tem-I bmYmÀ-Yy-§fp-sS ]Ým-¯e¯n-epw- Z£n-Wm-{^n-¡³- Iayq-Wn-Ìv-]mÀ-Sn- F¯n-t¨À-¶
\n-Ka\w, sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK-¯nsâ- taÂ-t¡m-bv-a¡p-Io-gnÂ- am-{Xta AXn\v hn-Pbap−m-Im³- Ign-bp- F¶m-Wv.- B ]mÀ-Sn- C§s\ {]kvvXm-hn-¡p-¶p: ""\½p-sS tZio-b
P\m-[n-]Xy- kac¯n-sâ _lp-hÀ-K kz-`m-h¯n-\p-Å _ZÂ- AÃ sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K
taÂ-t¡m-bv-a¡m-bp-Å kacw-; adn¨v- AXn-sâ hn-PbIcam-b ap-t¶ä¯n-\pw- Zr--VoIcW¯n-\pw- {]Xn-tcm-[¯n-\pw- DÅ ap¶p-]m-[n-bm-WXv.-''
VIII
tkm-jy-en-kw- C´y³- ]cn-Xx-Øn-Xn-IfnÂ8.-1 hn-¹h¯n-sâ P\m-[n-]Xy- L«w- ]qÀ-¯o-Icn-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å D¯chm-Zn-Xz-w, AXm-bXvC´y-bp-sS tkm-jy-en-Ìv- ]cn-hÀ-¯\¯n-sâ ap-t¶m-Sn-bm-b P\Io-b P\m-[n-]Xy-hn¹hw- ]qÀ-¯o-Icn-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å D¯chm-Zn-Xz-w-, \½nÂ- AÀ-¸n-¨p-sIm-−m-Wv- ]mÀ-Sn]cn-]m-Sn- C´y³- hn-¹h¯n-sâ- X{´s¯ \nÀ-hNn-¡p-¶Xv.8.-2 sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯n-sâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n³-Io-gnÂ- P\Io-b P\m-[n-]Xy- hn-¹hs¯- \bn-t¡− P\Io-b P\m-[n-]Xy-ap-¶Wn-bp-sS cq-]o-IcWs¯¡p-dn-¨pw- P\Io-b P\m-[n]Xy-ap-¶Wn-bpsS ]cn-]m-Sn-sb¡p-dn-¨pw- Im-tem-Nn-Xam-¡s¸« ]mÀ-Sn- ]cn-]m-Sn- hn-iZam23
bn- {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶p-−v.- CXv- t\Sn-sbSp-¡p-¶XnÂ- \nÀ-®m-bIam-bn-«p-ÅXv- ""Bß\njvT LSIw''- iàn-s¸Sp-¯p-IbmWv.- CXm-Is«,- aäv- ]e Im-cy-§tfm-Sp-sam-¸w,- ]mÀesaâdn- kac amÀ-K§fpw- ]mÀ-esaâdn C-Xc kacamÀ-K§fpw- ^e{]Zam-bn- D]tbmKn-¡p-¶Xn-s\bpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-þIÀ-jI kJyw- sI«n-¸Sp-¡p-¶Xn-s\bpw- B{ibn-¨p-an-cn¡p-¶p-.- P\Io-b P\m-[n-]Xy- hn-¹h¯n-\m-bn- hÀ-¤kac§sf iàn-s¸p-Sp-¯p-¶Xn-\pth−n-,- C´y³- P\Xbv-¡n-Sbn-se imànI _em-_-e-§sf am-än-¯oÀ-¡p-I F¶
\½p-sS X{´]cam-b e£yw- km-[n-¡p-¶Xn-\v- Bhiyam-b AShp-IÄ- Im-em-Ime§fnÂ- Bhn-jv-Icn-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶p.8.-3 P\Io-b P\m-[n-]Xyw- Øm-]n-¡p-Ibpw-- km-{am-Py-Xz- hn-cp-²þ^yq-UÂ- hn-cp-²þIp-¯I
aqe-[\ hn-cp-² ISaIÄ- ]qÀ-¯o-Icn-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-XXn-\p-tijw- am-{Xta,- C´y³P\Xbv-¡v- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-te¡v- ap-t¶dm³- Ign-bp-Ibp-Åp.- C´y³- ]cn-Xx-Øn-XnIfnÂ- tkm-jy-ekw- F¶Xp-sIm-−v- F´m-Wv- AÀ-Yam-¡p-¶Xv-?- P\Io-b P\m-[n-]Xyhn-¹hw- hn-PbIcam-bn- ]qÀ-¯o-Icn-¡s¸Sp-¶Xp-hsc AXn-sâ hy-àam-b cq-]w- hniZam-bn- {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡m³- Ign-bnÃ.- \½p-sS ap-¼s¯ {]Xy-bim-kv-{X tcJIfnÂAS§n-bn-«p-Å [m-cWbp-sS cq-]tcJ hcbv-¡p-Ibpw- AXn-s\ Iq-Sp-XÂ- hn-Ikn-¸n-¡pIbpw- sN¿m-t\ \ap-¡v- Ct¸mÄ- Ign-bq.
• FÃm- P\§Ä-¡pw- `£y-kp-c£bpw- ]q-À-®am-b sXm-gn-epw- kmÀ-h{Xn-Iam-b hnZym-`ym-km-hkchpw- Btcm-Ky- ]cn-c£bpw- ]mÀ-¸n-Shpw- \Â-Ip-I F¶Xm-Wv- AXpsIm-−v- AÀ-Yam-¡p-¶Xv.- sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifp-sSbpw- Ir-jn-¡m-cp-sSbpw- C{X Im-ehpw{]m-´hÂ-¡cn-¡s¸«p-In-S¶n-cp-¶ hn-`m-K§fp-sSbpw- Po-hn-X ]cn-XxØn-Xn-IÄ- hn]p-eam-bn- sa¨s¸Sp-¯n-s¡m-−v,- P\§sf km-¼¯n-Iam-bpw- cm-{ão-bam-bpwkmaq-ly-ambpw im-ào-Icn-¡pI F¶m-WXn-\À-Yw.• P\§fp-sS A[n-Im-cam-Wv- {]Yahpw- {][m-\-hp-am-bn-- ]caam-bn-«p-ÅXv- F¶m-WvAXn-\ÀYw.- A§s\ P\m-[n-]Xyw,- P\m-[n-]Xym-hIm-i§Ä,- kn-hnÂ- kzm-X{´y§Ä F¶nh- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- \o-Xn-\ym-bþcm-{ão-bþkm-aq-ly- hy-hØbp-sS Ahn-`mPy LS-I-§-fm-bn-cn-¡pw. _qÀ-jzm- P\m-[n-]Xy-¯n³-Io-gnÂ- hym-tam-lap-−m-¡p-¶
Hu-]Nm-cn-I Ah-Im-i-§Ä \n-e\n-Â-¡p-¶p-−v- F¶p-hcmw-; F¶mÂ- Cu- AhImi§Ä- A\p-`hn-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å tijn--IÄ `qcn-]£w- P\§Ä-¡v- \n-tj[n-¡s¸Sp¶p.- am-\h Po-hn-X¯n-sâ Kp-W\n-ehm-cw- Xp-SÀ-¨bm-bn- hn-Ikn-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- AKm[am-bn-¯o-cp-¶Xn-\pw ASn-kv-Ym-\]chpw- Ahiyw- th−Xp-am-b - FÃm- P\§fpsSbpw- km-¼¯n-Ihpw hnZym-`ym-k-]-chpw kmaq-ly-hp-amb im-ào-IcWs¯
ASn-Øm-\am-¡n-bm-bn-cn-¡pw--,- tkmjy-en-k-¯n³ Iogn P\m-[n-]Xyw- \n-esImÅp-I.- AXn-sâ ASn-¯dbn-em-Wv- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- P\m-[n-]Xyw- hfÀ-¶v- hn-Ikn-¡pI.- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀK `cWIq-S¯n³-Io-gnÂ- tkm-jy-en-ks¯ iàn-s¸Sp-¯p-I
F¶ e£y-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn- tkm-jy-en-k¯n³-Io-gnÂ- hn-tbm-Pn-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å
AhIm-ihpw- A`n-{]m-bw- {]ISn-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å kzm-X{´y-hpw- A`n-{]m-b _lpXz-hpw- hfÀ-¶p-hn-Ikn-¡pw.• Pm-Xn-hy-hØ CÃm-Xm-¡n-s¡m-−v- Pm-Xn-]cam-b ASn-¨aÀ-¯Â- Ahkm-\n-¸n-¡p-I
F¶v- AXv- AÀ-Yam-¡p-¶p.- `m-jm-]cam-b FÃm- hn-`m-K§Ä-¡pw- Xp-ey-XbpwFÃm- `m-jIfp-sSbpw- Xp-ey-am-b hn-Ik\hpw- F¶m-Wv- AXn-\À-Yw.- FÃm- \yq\]£§Ä-¡pw- {]m-´hÂ-¡cn-¡s¸« hn-`m-K§Ä-¡pw- bYmÀ-° Xp-ey-X F¶vAXv- AÀ-Yam-¡p-¶p.- - en-w-K]cam-b ASn-¨aÀ-¯Â- Ahkm-\n-¸n-¡p-I F¶pwAXv- AÀ-Yam-¡p-¶p.• km-aq-ly-hÂ-¡cn-¡s¸« DÂ-]m-Zt\m-]IcW§sfbpw- tI{µo-Ir-X Bkq{XWs¯bpw- ASn-Øm-\s¸Sp-¯n-s¡m-−p-ÅXm-bn-cn-¡pw- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- km¼¯n-I \nÀ-½m-Ww- F¶v- AXv- AÀ-Yam-¡p-¶p.- Nc¡n-sâ DÂ-]m-Z\w- \n-e\n¡p-¶n-St¯m-fw-Im-ew- hn-]Wn- \n-e\n-t¶ ]äq.- ]t£,- tI{µ Bkq-{XW¯n-sâ
amÀ-¤\nÀ-t±i¯n³-Io-gnÂ- hn-]Wn- iàn-Isf HXp-¡n- \nÀ-¯m³- Ign-bpw.- kz-¯pSaØXbp-sS hn-hn-[ cq-]§Ä- \n-e\nÂ-¡m³- A\p-hZn-¡s¸Sp-w,- - Ah A§s\\n-e\nÂ-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-sa¦n-epw,-DÂ-]m-Zt\m-]IcW§fp-sS km-aq--ly-am-b
DSaØXbp-tSXp-Xs¶bm-bn-cn-¡pw- \nÀ-Wm-bIam-b cq-]w.- CXn-s\ A\n-hm-cy-ambpw- kÀ-¡mÀ- DSaØXbn-ep-Å s]m-Xp-taJe F¶ AÀ-Y¯nÂ- am-{Xw- FSpt¡−Xn-Ã.- CXn-\v- kp-{][m-\am-b Hcp- ]¦p-Åt¸mÄ-Xs¶,- km¼-¯nI Po24
htcJsb \n-b{´n-¡p-¶ Iq«p-S-a-Ø-X-Ifpw klIcW DS-a-Ø-X-Ifpw km¼¯nI \b§fp-sStaep-Å kÀ-¡mÀ- \n-b{´Ww- Xp-S§n-b aäv- cq]-§fpw Ahiyam-bpw- kl-hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.
8.-4 C¶s¯ tem-I bm-YmÀ-Yy-§fp-sS shÃp-hn-fn-Isf t\cn-Sp-¶Xn-\m-bn- kz-´w- amÀK§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p¶- aäv- cm-Py-§fp-sS A\p-`h§fnÂ-\n-¶v- icn-bm-b
]m-T§Ä- DÄ-s¡m-ffp-¶Xn-\pw- C´y-bn-se hn-¹hkac§sf iàn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-\p-apÅ \½p-sS {ia¯n-sâ `m-Kam-bn,- tem-I ap-Xem-fn-¯ hy-hØbnÂ- kw-`hn-¨p-sIm-−ncn-¡p-¶ BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ C¶s¯ Zim-kÔn- DbÀ-¯p-¶ shÃp-hn-fn-Isf
C´y-bn-ep-Å \ap-¡v- t\cn-tS−Xp-−v-; BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ A\´c^eam-bnD−m-Ip-¶ hym-]Iam-b Af-hn-epÅ km-aq-ly-þkm-¼¯n-Iþkmw-kv-Im-cn-I am-ä§Äs]m-Xp-hn-epw,- C´y³ k¼Zvhyh-Ø-tbbpw- C´y³- P\Xtbbpw- kw-_Ôn-¨n-St¯mfw- B`y-´c km-¼¯n-I ]cn-jv-Im-c§fn-eqsS AXp-−m-¡p-¶ Kp-cp-Xcam-b `hn-jy¯p-IÄ- {]tXy-In-¨pw- DbÀ-¯p-¶ shÃp-hn-fn-I-sfbpw C´y-bn-ep-Å \ap-¡v- t\cntS−Xp-−v.- AXp-sIm-−v,- X{´]cam-b \½p-sS e£y-§Ä- icn-bm-b hn-[¯nÂ- Bhnjv-Icn-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- kzm-X{´y-¯n-\pw- hn-tam-N\¯n-\p-ap-Å C´y³- P\Xbp-sS kacwap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−p-t]m-Ip-¶Xn-\pw- Bhiy-am-b icn-bm-b AShp-]cam-b sse\n-\v- AXmXp-Im-e§fnÂ- \½p-sS ]mÀ-Sn- tIm¬-{Kkp-IfnÂ-sh¨v- cq-]w- \Â-Ip-¶Xv- \½p-sS NpaXebm-Wv.-
IX
C¶s¯ amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv- hn-cp-² ]n´n-cn-¸³{]Xy-bim-kv-{X shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ9.-1 km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-\v- A\p-Iq-eam-bn- im-àn-I _em-_e¯nÂ- D−m-bn-«p-Å Cu- Znim-am-äs¯-¯p-SÀ¶v, amÀ-Iv-kn-k¯n-\pw- Iayq-Wn-k¯n-\pw- FXn-cm-bn- {]Xy-bim-kv-{X]cambn- am-{XaÃ,- FÃm- taJeIfn-epw- kÀ-htXm-ap-Jam-bn- `o-Icam-b IS¶m-{IaWw- D−mIp-sa¶v- \mw- ap³-Iq«n- I−n-cp-¶p.9.-2 Ign-ª c−p- ZiI¡m-e¯v- A¯cw- {]hWXÄ- Iq-Sp-XÂ- cq-£am-bn-¯oÀ-¶n-cn-¡p¶p.- bp-Fkv-Fkv-Bdn-sâ XIÀ-¨tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn,- amÀ-Iv-kn-ks¯ adn-IS-t¡−Xv- Bhiyam-bn-¯oÀ-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p- F¶v- hm-Zn-¡m-\m-Wv- A\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- Ah {ian-¡p-¶Xv.- AXpsIm-−m-Wv- amÀ-Iv-kn-ks¯ "]p-\x-kµÀ-in-¡p-I'',- ]p-\À- hn-ebn-cp-¯Â- \S¯p-I''""]p-\À- \nÀ-½n-¡p-I''- XpS-§nb kn-²m-´§Ä- DbÀ-¶p-h¶n-«p-ÅXpw- ]pXp-tam-Sn-¡mcmb _p-²n-Po-hnIfpsS hr¯-§-fn {]Ncn-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶Xpw,- P\§fnÂ- Nn-e
hn-`m-K§sf AXv- kzm-[o-\n-¡p-Ibpw Bi-b-¡p-g-¸-¯n-em-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xpw.
9.-3 D¯cm-[p-\n-IX: BtKm-f [\aq-e[\w- CÔ\w- ]IÀ-¶v- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯mÂ- Nen-¸n-¡s¸Sp-¶ BtKm-fhÂ-¡cWw,- amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv-hn-cp-²am-b {]Xy-bim-kv-{X§fp-sSbpwkn-²m-´§fp-sSbpw- Hcp ]p¯³- \n-csbXs¶,- s]äp-Iq-«n-sh¨n-«p-−v.- FÃm- ]p-tcmKa\ kmÀ-heu-In-I {]Xy-bim-kv-{X§fp-sSbpw- \n-tj[w-sIm-−v- ASbm-fs¸Sp¯s¸«Xm-WXv.- hÀ-Kkacw A{]-Xy-£-am-IÂ,- hÀ-K§Ä GI tI{µo-Ir-X-am-IÂ,
sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯n-sâ hn-¹hIcam-b ]¦n-sâ \ntj[w Xp-S§n-b kn-²m-´§Ä_qÀ-jzm- {]Xy-bim-kv-{X¯n-sâ Bbp-[¸p-cbp-sS `mK-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. CXn-te¡vCt¸mÄ,- D¯cm-[p-\n-IXbp-sS hÀ-¯am-\Im-e amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv- hn-cp-² kn-²m-´w- Iq-SnIq-«n-t¨À-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p.9.-4 D¯cm-[p-\n-IX Hcp-- _qÀ-jzm- Zm-À-i\n-I ho-£Wam-Wv.- 20þmw- \q-äm-−n-sâ Ahkm\Im-e¯v- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-\p-−m-b hn-Pb§fnÂ-\n-¶pw- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-t\ä Xn-cn¨Sn-IfnÂ-\n-¶pam-Wv- AXv- DbÀ-¶p-h¶n-«p-ÅXv.- kmÀh-{Xn-I-amb GXv ZÀi-\-s¯bpw
cmjv{So-b-s¯bpw AXv XÅn-¡-f-bp-¶p. amÀ-Iv-kn-ks¯ AS¡w- Ah FÃm-än-s\bpw
km-Iey-am-¡p¶ kn-²m-´§Ä- F¶p- ]dªv- AXv- \n-cm-Icn-¡p-¶p-;
ap-Xem-fn¯s¯tbm- tkm-jy-en-ks¯tbm- Hcp- LS\ F¶ \n-ebn-tem- Hcp- hy-hØ F¶
\n-ebn-tem- D¯cm-[p-\n-IX Aw-Ko-Icn-¡p-¶n-Ã.- A§s\ AXv- BtKmf aqe-[-\-¯n\v
tNcp¶ ZÀi-\-am-Wv. AXv hÀ-Kt¯bpw hÀK-k-a-c-t¯bpw- \n-tj[n-¡p-¶p-. kzXz-cmjv{So-bs¯ hfÀ¯m\pw P\-§sf Acm-jv{So-b-h¡-cn-¡m\pw Gähpw A\p-tbm-Pyamb ZÀi-\-amWv AXv.
9.-5 tkm-jyÂ- sUtam-{Ikn-: ap-¼v- tkm-jyÂ- sUtam-{Ikn- Hcp- ]cn-jv-IcWhm-Z {]Xy-bim-kv{X-am-bn-cp-¶pþsXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K {]Øm-\¯n-\p-ÅnÂ- \n-¶p-Xs¶ DbÀ-¶p-h¶
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Hcp- {]Xy-bim-kv-{Xw.- ap-Xem-fn-¯hp-am-bn- kacks¸«p-t]m-Im-\pw- ap-Xem-fn-¯ hyhØbv-¡p-ÅnÂ- ]cn-jv-Im-c§Ä- hcp-¯p-hm-\pam-Wv- AXv- hm-Zn-¨Xv.- BtKm-fhÂ-¡rX [\ aq-e[\¯n-sâ bp-K¯nÂ- tkm-jyÂ- sUtam-{Ikn-¡v- ]cn-hÀ-¯\w- kw-`hn-¨n«p-−v.- _qÀ-jzm- hy-hØbv-¡p-Ån-te¡v- AXv- DÄ-s¸Sp-¯s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p.- \hen-_dÂ\b§sf tkm-jyÂ- sUtam-{Im-äp-IÄ- \ym-bo-Icn-¡p-¶ AhØbn-te¡v- ]cn-jvIcWhm-Zw-hgn- am-dn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- ]cn-KW\bv-¡m-bn- ap-t¶m-«p-shbv-¡s¸«n-«p-Å "aq¶mw-amÀ-¤w''- CXn-\p-Å Hcp- BhcWaÃm-sX asäm-¶p-ambn-cp-¶n-Ã.- amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv-Imsc¶ \n-ebnÂ- \mw,- tkm-jyÂ- sUtam-{Ikn-bp-sS A¯cw- kn-²m-´§sf sNdp¡Ww-; aq-e[\¯n-sâ hm-gv-Nbp-sS A\p-_Ôw- F¶ \n-ebn-ep-Å Ahcp-sS ]¦n-s\
Xp-d¶p- Im-Wn-¡Ww.9.-6 amÀIvknkw A\-\y-am-Wv. F§-s\-sb-¶mÂ, hÀK-c-ln-X-amb Hcp I½yq-WnÌv
kmaqly {Ias¯ km£m-XvI-cn-¡pI F¶ AXnsâ AP− km-£mÂ-Icn-¡pt¼mÄ- am-{Xta AXv- adn-IS-¡s¸Sp-¶pÅq.- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-\¸p-dw- In-S¡p-¶ Ncn{X]cam-b km-[y-XIsf ka-{K-ambn a\Ên-em-¡p-¶Xn-\v- ap-Xem-fn-¯s¯¡p-dn-¨p-Å
amÀ-Iv-kn-k¯n-sâ [m-cWam-{Xam-Wv- th−{X ka-{K-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv-þ-{]-tXy-In¨pw ap-Xemfn-¯¯n³-Io-gnÂ.-- AXn-\mÂ- ap-Xem-fn-¯w- Xs¶ \n-cm-Icn-¡s¸Sp-¶Xp-hsc,- ap-Xemfn-¯¯n\p-Io-gnÂ- amÀIv-kn-ks¯- Hcn-¡epw- A[n-I¸äm-¡n-¯o-À¡m³- Ign-bp-IbnÃ.- D¯c ap-Xem-fn-¯hpw- amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv- ZÀ-i\hpw- aÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv- tem-I ho£Whpw- tkmjy-en-Ìv- \nÀ-½m-W¯n-\pw- Iayq-Wn-k¯n-te¡p-Å ]cn-hÀ-¯\¯n-\pw- DÅ ASnØm-\hpw- im-kv-{Xo-b- hgn-Im-«n-bp-am-bn- XpS-cpw.
9.-7 \½p-sS FÃm- {]Xy-bim-kv-{X tcJIfn-epw- ap-¼v- hy-àam-¡n-bn-«p-Åt]m-se amÀ-Iv-knkw- Hcp- hc«p-XXz-hm-ZaÃ; AXv- cN\m-ßIam-b im-kv-{Xam-Wv.- ""aqÀ-¯am-b ]cn-XxØn-Xn-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ aqÀ-¯am-b hn-iIe\s¯''-bm-Wv- aäv- ]eXn-tâbpw- Iq-«¯nÂAXv- ASn-Øm-\am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- Ncn-{X¯n-sâ s]m-Xp-hn-epw,- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ
{]tXy-In-¨pw- hni-I-e-\-¯n-\pÅ kao-]\am-Wv- amÀ-Iv-kn-kw.- CXn-sâ ASn-Øm-\¯nem-Wv,- amÀ-Iv-kv- C«p-X¶ ASn-¯dbv-¡p-taÂ- sI«n-¸Sp-¯p-sIm-−m-Wv,- hÀ-¯am-\Im-e
Zim-kÔn-tbbpw- `m-hn-bn-te¡v- AXv- h¨p\o-«p-¶ km-[y-XItfbpw- a\Ên-em-¡p-¶Xn\p-Å \½p-sS kn-²m-´s¯ \mw- \n-c´cw- k¼p-ãam-¡n-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- sIm-«nbSbv-¡s¸« Hcp- ssk²m-´n-I hyh-Ø-bn \n¶v hyXy-kvX-ambn ssk²m-´n-Iambn- \n-c´cw- k¼p-ãam-¡s¸«p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶ Hcp- {]{In-bsbbm-Wv- amÀ-Iv-kn-kw{]Xn-\n-[o-Icn-¡p-¶Xv.9.-8 hÀ-¯am-\ Im-eL«¯n-se amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv- hn-cp-² {]Xy-bim-kv-{X§tfbpw `m-hn-bnÂDbÀ-¶p- hcm-hp-¶hsbbpw- - ssk²m-´n-Iam-bpw- hÀ-K sFIy-s¯ XIÀ-¡p-¶
Ahbp-sS {]ISnX cq]§sf {]m-tbm-Kn-Iam-bpw- \ap-¡v- hy-àam-bpw- FXn-cn-tS-−Xp−v.
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X
C´y³- km-lNcy-§Ä-: GXm\pw aqÀ-¯ hn-jb§Ä10.-1 C´y³- km-lNcy-§fnÂ- im-àn-I _em-_ew- ]¦n-SÂ- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-\\p-Iq-eambn- Xn-cn-ªn-cn-s¡,- Cu- ]cn-hÀ-¯\ Im-eL«¯nÂ- \½p-sS hn-¹h ap-t¶äw- iàns¸Sp-¯p-I F¶ \½p-sS ISa Bh-iy-s¸Sp-¶Xv- \½p-sS X{´ {][m-\ e£y-§Äap-t¶m-«p-\o-¡m³- C´y³- P\Xbv-¡n-Sbn-se hÀ-Kiàn-Ifp-sS _em-_e¯nÂ- am-äwhcp-¯p-¶Xn-\p-Å aqÀ-¯am-b bXv-\§fm-Wv.- CXn-\v,- kzm-`m-hn-Iam-bn- \mw- \n-e\n¡p-¶ kaq-À-¯ km-lNcy-§fnÂ- \½p-sS kaq-l¯nÂ- hÀ-Kkac¯n-\v- aqÀ-¨ Iq-«p¶Xn-\v- iàam-b _lp-P\ kac§fpw- P\Io-b t]m-cm-«§fpw- sI«gn-¨p-hn-tS−XvBhiy-am-Wv.10.-2 ]mÀ-esaâdn-bpw- ]mÀ-esaâdn- CXchp-am-b cq-]§Ä-: Cu- ISa \n-dthäp-¶Xn-\v,- Imtem-Nn-Xam-¡s¸« ]cn-]m-Sn-bnÂ- C§s\ hy-àam-¡n-: ""kam-[m-\]cam-b amÀ-¤§fneq-sS P\Io-b P\m-[n-]Xy-¯n-sâ kw-Øm-]\hpw- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- ]cn-hÀ-¯\hpwssIhcn-¡p-¶Xn-\m-Wv- Iayq-Wn-Ìv- ]mÀ-Sn- Hm--^v- C´y- (amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv-) ]cn-{ian-¡p-¶Xv.iàam-b _lp-P\ hn-¹h {]Øm-\w- hfÀ¯n-s¡m−pw ]mÀ-esaâdn-bpw- ]mÀesaâdn- CXchp-am-b kaccq-]§Ä- tImÀ-¯n-W¡n-s¡m-−pw ]n-´n-cn-¸³- iàn-IfpsS sNdp-¯p-\nÂ-]n-s\ AXn-Po-hn-¡m-\pw- kam-[m-\]cam-b amÀ-K§fn-eq-sS Cu- ]cnhÀ-¯\w- km-[y-am-¡m-\pw- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-Khpw- AXn-sâ kJy-iàn-Ifpw- ]cam-h[n26
10.-3
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]cn-{ian-¡pw.- F¶mÂ,- `cWhÀ-K§Ä- X§fp-sS A[n-Im-cw- Hcn-¡epw- kz-ta[bmssIshSn-bp-Ibn-söv- \mw- kZm- HmÀ¯n-cn-t¡-−Xv Bhiy-am-Wv.- AhÀ- P\§fpsS CÑm-iàn-sb Xr-WhÂ-KWn-¡m-\pw- \nb-a-ew-L-\hpw A{Iahpw- \S¯n- AXns\ t\À-hn-]co-Xam-¡m-\pw- {ian-¡p-¶p.- BbXn-\mÂ,- hn¹h iàn-Isf kw-_Ôn-¨nSt¯m-fw- Pm-{KX ]m-en-t¡−Xpw,-- GXv- kµn-Kv-[m-hØsbbpw cmPy-¯nsâ cm-{ãobPo-hn-X¯n-ep-−m-Ip-¶ GXv- hfhp-Xn-cn-hp-Isfbpw- A`n-ap-Jo-Icn-¡m³- Ign-b¯¡hn[w- X§fp-sS {]hÀ-¯\s¯ Nn-«s¸Sp-t¯−Xpw- Bhiy-am-bn-cn-¡p¶p.''A§s\,- {]m-tbm-Kn-Iam-bn- Ct¸m-gs¯ km-lNcy-¯nÂ- ]mÀ-esaâdn-bpw- ]mÀesaâdn- CXchp-am-b {]hÀ-¯\w- Ir-Xy-am-bn- Iq-«n- tbm-Pn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv- ]mÀ-Sn-¡p- ap-¶nep-Å {][m-\ ISabm-Wv.- \½p-sS ]mÀ-Sn- ]cn-]m-Sn- {]kv-Xm-hn-¡p-¶p-: ""_qÀ-jzm-kn-bpsS hÀ-Khm-gv-Nbp-sS Hcp- cq-]am-sW¦n-epw,- C´y-bn-se Ct¸m-gs¯ ]mÀ-esaâdnk{¼Zm-bw- P\§sf kw-_Ôn-¨n-St¯m-fw- Hcp- ap-t¶äs¯ Iq-Sn- {]Xn-\n-[m-\wsN¿p-¶Xm-Wv.- X§fp-sS XmÂ-]cy-§Ä- kw-c£n-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- Hcp- ]cn-[n-hsc
`cWIq-S¯n-sâ Im-cy-§fn-Â- CSs]Sp-¶Xn-\pw- P\m-[n-]Xy-¯n-\pw- km-aq-ly- ]p-tcmKXn-¡pw-th−n-bp-Å t]m-cm-«w- ap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−p-t]m-Im³- Ahsc AWn-\n-c¯p-¶Xn\pw- Ip-sd Ahkc§Ä- Cu- hy-hØn-Xn- kÖam-¡p-¶p.''- (JÞn-I 5.-22) F¶mÂh³-In-S aq-e[\¯n-sâ hÀ-²n-¨p-hcp-¶ Icp-¯pw- cm-{ão-b¯n-te¡p-Å h³]W¡m-cp-sS IS¶p-hchpw- cm-{ão-b¯n-sâ hÀ-²n-¨p-hcp-¶ {In-an-\Â-hÂ-¡cWhpw
P\m-[n-]Xy-{]{In-bsb h{Io-Icn-¡p-Ibpw- XIÀ-¡p-Ibp-am-Wv.hn-Pbhm-UbnÂ- tNÀ-¶ hn-]p-eo-Ir-X tI{µI½n-än- tbm-Kw- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨ cm-{ão-b
{]tabw- Nq-−n-¡m-Wn-¨Xp-t]m-se,- ""]mÀ-esaâdn- P\m-[n-]Xyw-Xs¶,- \hen-_denkhpw- BtKm-f [\aq-e[\hpw- aq-ew- \in-¸n-¡s¸Sp-Ibm-Wv.- ]Whpw- cm-{ão-b¯nse Ip-äIr-Xy-§fpw- sIm−v- P\m-[n-]Xy-s¯ A«n-adn-¡p-¶Xn-s\m¸w- P\m-[n-]XymhIm-i§Ä-¡p-taep-Å \nb-{´-W-§fpw hÀ-²n-¨p-hcn-Ibm-Wv.- {]IS\§fpw- s]m-Xptbm-K§fpw- s]m-Xp- ]Wn-ap-S¡p-Ifpw- \S¯p-¶Xn-\p-Å AhIm-iw- `cW\S]Sn-Ifneq-sSbpw- Pp-Uo-jyÂ- CSs]Sep-Ifn-eq-sSbpw- ]cn-an-Xs¸Sp-¯p-Ibm-Wv.- P\§fp-sS
AhImi§sf C§s\ ]cn-an-Xs¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-s\ \ym-bo-Icn-¡m-\pw- AXn-\v- {]NmcWw- \Â-Im-\pw- tImÀ-¸tdäv- am-[y-a§Ä- D]tbm-Kn-¡s¸Sp-Ibm-Wv''.-- (JÞn-I 2.-35)
P\m-[n-]Xy- hy-hØsbbpw- ]u-c·m-cp-sS P\m-[n-]Xym-hIm-i§sfbpw- kw-c£n-¡m\pw- hn-]p-eo-Icn-¡m-\p-ap-Å t]m-cm-«w- _qÀ-jzm-þ`q-{]`p- `cWIq-S¯n-s\Xn-cm-b A[zm\n-¡p-¶ P\Xbp-sS kac¯n-sâ `m-Kam-Wv-; P\Io-b P\m-[]Xy-¯n³-Io-gnÂ- P\m-[n]Xy-¯n-sâ Iq-Sp-XÂ- DbÀ-¶ cq-]§fn-te¡v- t]m-Ip-¶Xn-\p-Å kac¯n-sâ `m-Khpam-Wv.- \½p-sS ]mÀSn- ]cn-]m-Sn- {]kv-Xm-hn-¡p-¶p-: ""C¯cw- `o-jWn-IÄ-s¡Xn-cm-bnP\§fp-sS XmÂ-]cymÀ-°w]mÀ-esaâdn- Øm-]\§sfbpw- P\m-[n-]Xy- Øm]\§sfbpw- {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶Xpw- C¯cw- Øm-]\§sf ]mÀ-esaâdn- CXc {]hÀ¯\§fp-am-bn- Iq-«n-tbm-Pn-¸n¨v kaÀ°-ambn D]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xpw- ]ca{][m-\am-Wv.''(JÞn-I 5.-23)
Cu- Im-gv-N¸m-tSm-Sp-Iq-Sn,- _lp-P\ {]Øm-\§sf iàn-s¸Sp-¯m³- ]mÀ-esaâdnthZn-Ifn-se {]hÀ-¯\s¯ D]tbm-Ks¸Sp-t¯−Xm-Wv.- ]mÀ-esaâdn- {]hÀ¯\s¯ ]mÀ-esaâdn- CXc {]hÀ-¯\§fp-am-bpw- \n-ehn-ep-Å _qÀ-jzm-þ`q-{]`phy-hØn-Xn-¡v- _ZÂ- sI«n-¸Sp-¡p-¶Xn-\v- iàam-b {]Øm-\w- hn-Ikn-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\pÅ kac§fp-am-bpw- Iq-«n- tbm-Pn-¸n-t¡−Xm-Wv.F¶mÂ,- kw-`hn-¡m-\n-Sbp-Å iàam-b hy-Xn-bm-\§Ä-s¡Xn-sc \mw- Icp-Xtem-sS
Ccn-¡Wsa¶Xpw- A\p-t]£Wo-bam-Wv.- Cu {]h-W-X-IÄ ]e cq]-¯n {]Xy-£s¸-Smw. ]mÀ-esaâdn- P\m-[n-]Xyw- Xs¶ P\§Ä-¡n-SbnÂ- Ht«sd hym-tam-l§Äkr-ãn-¡p-¶p.- AXv- hÀ-Kkac§sfbpw- _lp-P\ kac§sfbpw,- hn-in-jym- `cWIqS¯n-sâ c£m-[n-Im-cn-Xz-¯n³ IognÂ,- ZpÀ-_es¸Sp-¯m-t\m- \n-ÈÐam-¡m-t\m- {ian¡p-¶p.- C¯cw- hy-m-tam-l§sf sNdp-¡p-Ibpw- X§fp-sS hÀ-Khm-gv-Nbv-¡v- P\§sf
hn-t[bcm-¡m³- C¯cw- hym-tam-l§sf D]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶ `cWhÀK§fp-sS KqVX{´§sf ^e{]Zam-bn- Xp-d¶p-Im-Wn-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-t¼mÄ-Xs¶,- hn-¹h {]hÀ¯\§fn-te¡v- Nq-jn-X P\Xsb DbÀ-¯n-s¡m-−p-hcp-¶Xn-\p-Å icn-bm-b AShpIÄ- \mw- kzo-Icnt¡−Xpw- A\p-t]£Wo-bam-Wv.AXn-\pw ]p-dsa,- kam-[m-\]cam-b ]cn-hÀ-¯\s¯¡p-dn-¨p-Å hym-tam-l§fpwiàn-s¸Spw.- \½p-sS Im-tem-Nn-Xam-¡s¸« ]cn-]m-Sn-bnÂ- XoÀ-¸p-IÂ-]n-¡s¸« kwKXn-bm-Wn-Xv.- ]mÀ-Sn-bnÂ- \mw- Øn-cam-bn- GsäSp-¡p-¶ sXäp-Xn-cp-¯Â- Iym¼-bn³
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10.-13
]mÀ-esaâdn Ah-k-c-hm-Z-¯n-s\-Xn-cmb- \n-c´cap-Å t]m-cm-«¯n-\v Du-¶Â- \Â-Ip¶p.- ]mÀ-esaâdn- k¯n-\pw- ]mÀ-esaâdn- hym-tam-l§fp-sS ]cn-t]m-jW¯n-\p-saXnsc Pm-{KX ]m-en-¡p-¶Xn-\v- ]mÀ-esaâdn- {]hÀ-¯\hpw- ]mÀ-esaâdn- CXc {]hÀ¯\hpw- X½nÂ- ^e{]Zam-bn- Iq-«n- tbm-Pn-¸n-t¡−Xv- Bhiy-am-Wv.Ct¸m-gs¯ km-lNcy-¯nÂ,- CSXv- AXn-km-lkn-I hy-Xn-bm-\w- F¶ \n-ebnÂ- amthm-bn-kw- C´y³- P\Xbp-sS hn-¹hIcam-b hÀ-Kkac§fpsS ap-t¶ä¯n-\v- {]Xybim-kv-{X]cam-b shÃp-hn-fn- DbÀ-¯p-¶Xv- Xp-Scp-Ibm-Wv.- AXn-sâ [m-cWIÄ- sXämsW¶v- sXfn-bn-¡s¸«n-«pw,- C´y³- `cWhÀ-K§sf tIm-{¼tZmÀ-/ _yq-tdm-{Im-än-IvF¶ \n-ebnÂ- Nn-{Xo-Icn-¡p-¶Xpw- `cWIq-S¯n-s\Xn-cm-bn- DS³- km-bp-[ kacwF¶ X{´w-- ]n-´p-Scp-¶Xpw- AXv- Xp-Scp-Ibm-Wv.- AXv- kn-]n-sF (Fw-)s\ {]tXy-Iambn- e£yw-shbv-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- kn-]n-sF (Fw-) Im-UÀ-amÀ-¡pw- A\p-`m-hn-IÄ-¡pw- taÂ
im-co-cn-Ihpw lXym-]-c-hp-amb B{I-a-W§Ä \S¯p-¶Xn-\v- AXv- _qÀ-jzm- ]n-´n-cn¸³- cm-{ão-b ]mÀ-Sn-Ifp-ambpw- iàn-Ifp-am-bpw- Iq-«p-Iq-Sp-¶p.- C¯cw- CSXv- AXn-kmlkn-I {]hWXbv-s¡Xn-cm-b {]Xy-bim-kv-{X kacw- iàn-s¸Sp-t¯−Xpw- AXn-s\
cm-{ão-bam-bpw- kw-LS\m-]cam-bpw- sNdp-t¡−Xpw- Bhiy-am-Wv.- im-kv-{Xo-bhpw- hn¹hIchp-am-b ASn-¯dIfn-t·Â- tkm-jy-en-k¯n-\m-bp-Å C´y³- P\Xbp-sS t]mcm-«s¯ ap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−p-t]m-Ip-¶Xn-\v- CXv A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-amWv.
Cu- hy-Xn-bm-\§fnÂ- H¶n-\v- Ccbm-Ip-¶Xneq-sS- ]mÀ-esaâdn- {]hÀ-¯\s¯ am-{Xw
B{i-bn-¡p-Ibpw- A§s\ _lp-P\§sf AWn-\n-c¯n-s¡m-−p-Å hÀ-Kkacs¯
\ntj-[n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I F¶ dn-hn-j\n-Ìv- hy-Xn-bm-\¯n-sâ sIWn-bnÂ-s]Sp-I
F¶ A]-I-S- ap-−v. t\scadn-¨v,- atäXn-\v- Ccbm-Ip-¶Xm-Is«,- ]mÀ-esaâdn- P\m-[n-]Xys¯ Xs¶ \ntj-[n-¡p¶ CSXv- AXn-km-lkn-I hy-Xn-bm-\¯n-sâ sIWn-bnÂ\s½ XÅn-hogv¯pw; CsXm-cp- _m-em-cn-ãXbm-Wv.- "FÃmw- AShp-IÄ,- X{´ta
th−'- F¶Xv- dnhn-j-\n-k-¯n-se-¯n-¡pw; "FÃmw- X{´w-,- AShp-IÄ- Bhiy-an-Ã'F¶Xv- AXn-km-lkn-IXbv-¡v- CS-bm-¡pw. Ch c−n-\p-saXn-sc \mw- \n-ÝbZmÀ-Vyt¯m-sS Pm-{KX ]m-en-¡Ww.- (35)
kn-]n-sF (Fw-) ]n-dhn-ap-XÂ- Xs¶,- C´y³- hn-¹hs¯ icn-bm-b im-kv-{Xo-b
sse\nÂ- apt¶m-«v- sIm-−p-t]m-Ip-¶Xn-\m-bn- aäp- ]eXn-\p-sam-¸w- Cu- c−v- hy-Xn-bm\§sfbpw- DuÀ-Ökz-eam-bpw- hn-«p-ho-gv-N Iq-Sm-sXbpw- sNdp-¯n-«p-−v.- kn-]n-sF
(Fw) sâ cq]o-I-c-W-t¯msS Cu- t]m-cm-«w- Ahkm-\n--¨n-«n-Ã.- F¶p- am-{XaÃ,- C´y³hn-¹h¯n-sâ hn-Pb¯n-\p-tijw-t]m-epw- CXv- Ahkm-\n-¡p-Ibp-an-Ã.- tkm-hn-bäv- bqWn-bsâbpw- ]qÀ-Æ bq-tdm-¸n-sâbpw- A\p-`hw- shfn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xv,- amÀ-Iv-kn-kwþse\n-\n-k¯n-sâ hn-¹h]cam-b DÅ-S-¡-¯n \n-¶p-Å GXv- hy-Xn-bm-\¯n-\pwCcbm-bn- am-dp-¶Xn-s\Xn-sc \mw- Xn-Iª Pm{K-Xbpw Icp-Xepw- ]m-en-t¡−XvBhiy-am-sW¶m-Wv.- A§s\ sN¿p-¶Xn-ep-−m-b hogvN-bmWv C¶v- 21þmw- \q-äm−nÂ- AXn-sâ cq-]hpw- `m-hhpw- BhÀ-¯n-¡s¸Sm³- BIm-¯hn-[¯nÂ- tkm-hnbäv- bq-Wn-b\nÂ- tkm-jy-en-ks¯ £bn-¸n-¨Xv.- (36)
sXm-gn-em-fn-þIÀ-jI kJyw-: C´y³- km-lNcy-§fn-se "Bß\n-jv-T LSI'-s¯
iàn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xv,- \½p-sS X{´]cam-b e£ys¯- apt¶m-«p-t]m-Ip-hm³- sXm-gn-emfn-þIÀ-jI hÀ-K kJy-s¯ iàn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-s\ \nÀ-Wm-bIam-bn- B{ibn-¨n-cn¡p-¶p.- Ct¸m-gs¯ km-lNcy-¯nÂ,- hÀK kac§Ä- iàn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-\p CukJyw- km-[y-am-¡p-¶Xn-se ZuÀ-_ey-§sf- AXn-Po-hn-t¡−Xv- ASn-b´n-cm-hiy-ambn-cn-¡p-¶p-.- \½p-sS cm-Py-¯v- \n-e\nÂ-¡p-¶ hkv-Xp-\n-jv-T km-lNcyw- C¯cw- Hcp\o-¡¯n-\v- A\p-tbm-Py-am-Wv.- Bß\n-jv-Tam-b ZuÀ-_ey-§sf AXn-Po-hn-t¡−Xp−v.- CXn-se Gähpw- {][m-\s¸« LSIw,- \½p-sS IÀ-jI P\km-am-\y-¯n-se Gähpa[n-Iw- Nq-jn-Xcpw- AXp-sIm-−p-Xs¶ hn-¹hIm-cn-bp-am-b hn-`m-Ks¯ {]Xn-\n-[m-\w sN¿p-¶ IÀ-jIs¯m-gn-em-fn-Ifp-sSbpw- Zcn-{ZIÀ-jIcp-sSbpw- sFIyw- Du-«n-bp-d¸n¡p-¶Xm-Wv.sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K sFIyw-: sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-¤¯n-sâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ- C´y³- P\Xbp-sS
tamN\w- t\Sm³- {]Xn-Pv-Rm-_²am-b ]mÀ-Sn- F¶ \n-ebnÂ-,- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯n-sâ
hÀ-K sFIy-s¯bpw- hn-¹ht_m-[s¯bpw- iàn-sbbpw-- hÀ-K]cam-b IS¶m{IaWwþ C´y-bnse aq-e[\hm-gv-Nbv-s¡Xn-cm-b IS¶m-{IaWw-þ DbÀ¯n-s¡m-−p-hcp-¶-Xn C´y-bn-se asäÃm- Nq-jn-X P\hn-`m-K§sfbpw- \bn-¡m³- AXn-\v- Ignb¯¡hn-[¯nÂ- DbÀ-t¯-−Xv AXy-´m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.
28
10.-14 F¶mÂ,- km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ km-lNcy-¯nÂ- Cu- ISa Iq-Sp-XÂk¦oÀ-Wam-bn-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- \hen-_dÂ- ]cn-jv-Im-c§fp-sS bp-àn-Xs¶,- Akw-LSnX hn`m-K-§Ä F¶v hn-fn-¡s¸Sp-¶Xpw- hÀ-²n-¨tXm-XnÂ- Xcw- Xm-gv-¯s¸«p-sIm-−n-cn¡p-¶Xp-am-b sXm-gnÂ- tk\bp-sS {Zp-XKXn-bn-ep-Å hfÀ-¨bv-¡v- CSbm-¡p-¶XpwAXn-s\ Øm-bn-bm-¡p-¶Xp-am-Wv.- Øn-cw- sXm-gn-ep-Isf XmÂ-¡m-en-Ihpw- IcmÀ- ASnØm-\¯n-ep-ÅXp-am-b sXm-gn-ep-Ifm-¡n am-äp-¶Xpw- AXn-\p-]p-dsa,- DbÀ-¶ em-`w- krãn-¡p-¶Xv-,- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀK sFIyw- hn-`Pn-Xhpw- in-Yn-ehp-am-bn- Xp-Scp-sa¶v- Dd¸phcp-¯m-\p-Å `cWhÀ-K¯n-sâ hÀK-]-c-amb \o-¡am-Wv.- A[n-Ia[n-Iw- Bfp-IÄA\u-]Nm-cn-IþXmÂ-¡m-en-IþsXm-gn-em-fn-Ifp-sSbpw- kz-bw-sXm-gnÂ- sN¿p-¶hcpsSbpw- \n-cbn-te¡v- tNÀ-¶p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- Cu- shÃp-hn-fn-Isf AXn-Po-hn-¡m\pw- hn-¹hIcam-b {]hÀ-¯\§fn-te¡v- Akw-LSn-X sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifp-sS hn-]p-eam-b
hn-`m-K§sf AWn-\n-c¯n-s¡m-−v- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯n-sâ sFIyw- iàn-s¸Sp-¯m\pw- A\p-tbm-Py-am-b AShp-IÄ-¡v- cq-]w- \Â-tI−Xv- Bhiy-amWv.10.-15 t{SUv-bq-Wn-b³- {]hÀ-¯\¯nÂ- km-¼¯n-I kacam-{Xhm-Zs¯ sNdp-¡p-¶Xn-\vhn-¹h {]Øm-\§Ä- FÃm-Im-e¯pw- GÀ-s¸«n-cp-¶p.- Cu- Im-cy-¯nÂ,- tkm-jy-enk¯n-\m-bpÅ 20þmw- \q-äm-−n-se t]m-cm-«§fp-sS A\p-`h§Ä- DÄ-s¡m-tÅ−XpwCt¸m-gs¯ km-lNcy-¯nÂ- Ah- ap-t¶m-«p- sIm-−p-t]m-tI−Xpw- Bhiy-am-Wv.10.-16 kz-Xz-cm-{ão-bw-: ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâ DZb¯n-\pw- ap-¼p-ap-XÂ- Xs¶ `cWhÀ-K§Äkz-Xz-s¯ F¡m-e¯pw- D]tbm-Kn-¨n-«p-−v.- X§fp-sS hÀ-Khm-gv-Nsb Xm-§n-\nÀ¯m³- hw-io-bX Xp-S§n-bp-Å kz-Xz-§sf AhÀ- {]tbm-P\s¸Sp-¯n-bn-«p-−v.- tZiobXbp-sS \n-ch[n ]p¯³- \nÀ-½n-Xn-IÄ- kr-ãn-¡s¸«n-«p-ap-−v.- DZm-lcW¯n-\v,- 19þmw\q-äm-−n-sâ HSp-hn-Â- kn-tbm-Wnkw- DbÀ-¶p-h¶Xv- B[p-\n-IIm-e¯v- C¯c¯nÂC{ktbÂ- `cWIq-S¯n-sâ cq-]o-IcW¯n-\v- hgn-sbm-cp-¡n.-- (37) tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wnbsâ in-Yn-eo-IcW thf-bn ]e ap³- dn¸»n-¡p-Ifn-epw- X§fp-sS `cWw- Ac¡n«p-d¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\v- ]n-´n-cn-¸³- iàn-IÄ- kzXz-s¯-bm-bn-cp¶p D]tbm-Ks¸Sp-¯n-bXv.ap³- bp-tKm-Ém-hn-b C¶v- iI-eo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶Xpw Cu- ASn-Øm-\¯n-em-Wv.C´y³- D]`q-JÞ¯n-sâ hn-`P\¯n-\m-bn- {_n-«o-jv- km{am-Py-Xz-hpw- Xt±io-b
`cWhÀ-K§fpw- aXkz-Xz-§sf ^e{]Zam-bn- hn-\n-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibp-−m-bn.- aX]chpwPm-Xo-bhp-am-b AWn-\n-c¯ep-IÄ- C¶pw- Nq-jn-X P\hn-`m-K§Ä-¡n-Sbnse hÀK]cam-b sFIy-ZmÀ-Vy-s¯ in-Yn-eam-¡p-¶Xv- Xp-Scp-Ibm-Wv.- C¶s¯ kml-N-cy¯nÂ, _qÀ-jzm-kn- hÀ-¤]cam-b sFIy-ZmÀ-Vy-s¯ in-Yn-eam-¡p-¶Xn-\v- Hcp-hi¯v
kzXz-cm-jv{So-bs¯- D]tbm-Ks¸Sp-¯p-¶p-; adp-hi¯v- C¯c¯n-ep-Å kz-Xz-cm-{ãobs¯ t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- s]m-Xp-hnÂ- P\§sf Acm-{ão-bhÂ-¡cn-¡p-¶Xn\pw- F³-Pn-HIsfbpw- D]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p.10.17 amÀ-Iv-kn-Ìv- hn-cp-² {]Xy-bim-kv-{X \nÀ-½n-Xn-bm-b D¯cm-[p-\n-IX hm-Zn-¡p-¶Xv-,
cmjv{Sobw "kq-£v-a'- AYhm- {]m-tZin-I Xe¯nÂ- am-{Xta km-[y-am-Iq- F¶m-Wv-; "hyXym-k'§sfbpw- "kz-Xz'-s¯bpw- B[m-cam-¡n- am-{Xta cm-jv-{So-bw- km-[y-am-Iq- F¶pam-Wv.- A§s\ AXv- Ct¸m-gs¯ km-lNcy-¯nÂ- kz-Xz-cm-jv-{So-b¯n-\v- Hcp- ]p-Xn-b
ASn-¯d {]Zm-\w- sN¿p-¶p.10.-18 D¯cm-[p-\n-IXbp-sS D]Úm-Xm-¡Ä- {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-¡p¶ kz-Xz-cmjv-{So-b¯nÂ,
C¶s¯ km-lNcy-¯nÂ,- hwio-b-X, aXw,- Pm-Xn, tKm{Xw, enw-Kt`Zw- F¶n-hsb
B[m-cam-¡n-b kz-Xzw- cm-jv-{So-b¯n-s³dbpw- cm-jv-{So-b AWn-tNcen-sâbpw- ASn¯dbm-bn- hen-b tXmXn am-dp-¶p.- kz-Xz-¯n-sâ Hcp- Awiw- am-{Xam-bm-Wv- hÀ-Kw]cn-KWn-¡s¸Sp-¶Xv.- A§s\ kzXz-cm-jv-{So-bw- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-Kw- F¶ k¦Â]\s¯ Xs¶ \n-tj[n-¡p-Ibm-Wv-. kz-Xz-cm-jv-{So-bw,- AXn-sâ kz-`m-ha\p-k-cn¨v Hcpkz-Xz-¯nÂ-s¸«hsc aäp-ÅhbnÂ- -\n-¶pw- thÀ-Xn-cn-¨v- \nÀ-¯p-Ibpw- Hgn-hm-¡p-IbpwsN¿p-¶p.- kz-Xz-cm-jv-{So-bw- kzm[o\w sNep-¯p¶ CS§fn AXv- P\§sf t]mc-Sn¡p-Ibpw aÕ-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ hyXy-kvXhpw Ak-am-\-hp-amb {Kq¸p-I-fmbn `n¶n-¸n-¡p-¶p.10.-19 kz-Xz-cm-jv-{So-bw BZÀ-i]cam-bn- _qÀ-jzm- `cWhÀ-K¯n-\v- A\p-tbm-Py-am-bXm-Wv.kz-Xz-¯nsâ iIeo-IcWs¯ hn-]Wn-bm-Wv- D]tbm-Ks¸Sp-¯p-¶Xv.- hm-kvXh¯nÂ,- hn-Ikn-X ap-Xem-fn-¯ kaq-l§fnÂ,- hy-Xy-kv-X Po-hn-Xssien-Isf
BtLm-jn-¡p-Ibpw- D]t`m-Iv-Xr- kaq-l¯n-sâ `m-Ksa¶ \n-ebnÂ,- Ahbp-sS
B{Kl ]qÀ-¯o-IcW¯n-\m-bn- ^m-j\p-Ifpw- Nc¡p-Ifpw- cq-]IÂ-]\ sN¿s¸SpIbp-am-Wv.- A{X Xs¶ hn-Ikn-XaÃm-¯ ap-Xem-fn-¯ cm-Py-§fp-sS Im-cy-¯nÂ,29
10.-20
10.-21
10.-22
10.-23
BtKm-f [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ \p-gªp-Ibä¯n-\pw- hn-]Wn- Io-gS¡m-\pw- AXn-s\ \nb{´n-¡m-\pw- kz-Xz-cm-jv-{So-bw ku-Icy-sam-cp-¡p-¶p-; kz-Xz-{Kq-¸p-IÄ- X½n-ep-Å "hn-`n¶X'- hn-]Wn-bp-sS GIXm-\Xsbbpw- AXn-sâ {]tbm-K§sfbpw- _m-[n-¡p-¶n-Ã.hÀ-KsFIy-s¯ \n-tj[n-¡p-¶Xn-\pw- P\§fp-sS kw-bp-Iv-X {]kv-Ym-\§Ä- sI«n¸Sp-¡p-¶Xn-\pap-Å XSÊw- F¶ \n-ebn-epw- kz-Xz-cm-jv{- So-bw CSs]Sp-¶p.- F³.-Pn.-HI-fn-eq-sSbpw k¶² kw-LS\Ifn-eq-sSbpw- kn-hnÂ- kaq-lw- F¶v- hn-fn-¡s¸Sp¶hbn-eq-sSbp-am-Wv- kz-Xz-cm-jv-{So-bw kz-`m-hm-\p-ktcW \S¸m-¡s¸Sp-¶Xv.- thdn«Xpw- iI-eo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«-Xp-amb bq-Wn-äp-Ifm-bn- kz-bw- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ C¯cw- F³Pn-HIfpw- k¶² kwL-S-\-I-fp-amWv thdn-« kz-Xz-w- F¶ Bibw- ap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−pt]m-Im-\p-Å am-Xr-Im- hml-\-§Ä.
kmaqly ASn-¨-aÀ¯-en-s\-Xn-cmb ka-chpw PmXn ASn-Øm-\-¯n-epÅ AWn-\n-c¯-en-t\m-SpÅ {]Xn-I-c-Whpw-: kaq-l¯n-se FÃm- Nq-jn-Xcpw- aÀ-±n-Xcp-am-b hn-`mK§fp-sSbpw- sFIyw- sI«n-¸Sp-¡m³- {ian-¡p-¶hsc kw-_Ôn-¨n-St¯m-fw- Pm-Xn-bpsS cm-jv-{So-bam-b AWn-tNÀ-¡en-s\ B[m-cam-¡n-bp-Å kz-Xz-cm-jv-{So-bw KuchXcam-b shÃp-hn-fn-bm-bn-cn-¡p¶p.- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯n-sâ ]mÀ-Sn- Zfn-Xcp-sSbpw- ]nt¶m-¡ hn-`m-K§fp-sSbpw- `q-an-,- thX\w,- D]Po-h\amÀ-Kw- Xp-S§n-b hn-jb§Ä- aqÀ¯am-bn- GsäSp-t¡−Xp-−v-; F¶mÂ- AtXkabw- Xs¶,- km-aq-ly- ASn-¨aÀ-¯en\pw- Pm-Xo-bam-b hn-thN\¯n-\pw- FXn-cm-bn- AXv- {]t£m-`w- Bcw`n-t¡−Xp-−v.hÀ-K]cam-b hn-jb§fpw km-aq-ly{]iv-\§fpw- Iq-«n-t¨À-¯v- GsäSp-¯v- sIm-−p- am{Xta,- kz-Xz-cm-jv-{So-b¯n-sâbpw- Pm-Xo-bam-b iI-eo-I-c-W-¯n-sâbpw lm-\n-Icam-b
{]`m-hs¯ FXn-cn-Sm-\m-Iq.- hÀ-K NqjWhpw km-aq-lyamb- ASn-¨aÀ-¯epwF§s\ ]ckv-]cw- _Ôs¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p- F¶Xn-s\ B[m-cam-¡n-bp-Å amÀ-Iv-kn-ÌvIm-gv-N¸m-Sm-Wn-Xv.- (38)
kaq-l¯nÂ- hÀ-K]cam-b Nq-jWhpw km-aq-lyam-b- ASn-¨aÀ-¯epw (Htckabw-)Ds−¶v- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡p-¶Xn-s\ ASn-kv-Ym-\am-¡n-bp-ÅXm-Wv- kn-]n-sF Fw- \n-e]m-Sv.\½p-sS cm-Py-¯n-se km-aq-ly-þkm-¼¯n-I cq-]hÂ-¡cWw- C§s\bm-bn-cn-s¡,- apXem-fn-¯]chpw- AÀ² ^yq-Uep-am-b hÀ-KNq-jWw- \n-e\nÂ-¡p-¶Xn-s\m-¸w- Xs¶
Pm-Xn-sbbpw- hwi-s¯bpw enw-Kt`Zs¯bpw- B[m-cam-¡n-b,- hn-hn-[ cq-]§fn-ep-Å
km-aq-ly-am-b ASn-¨aÀ-¯epw- \n-e\nÂ-¡p-¶p.- `cWhÀ-K§Ä- hÀ-K]cam-b NqjW¯n-eq-sS an-¨aq-eyw- Du-än-sbSp-¡p-¶p-; X§fp-sS A[o-iXzw- \n-e\nÀ-¯p-¶Xn-\mbn- AhÀ- hn-hn-[ cq-]§fn-ep-Å km-aq-ly-am-b aÀ-±\§sf D]tbm-Ks¸Sp-¯p-¶p.BbXn-\mÂ,- c−v- cq-]§fn-ep-ap-Å Nqj-W-¯n\pw aÀ-±\¯n-\pw- FXn-cm-b t]m-cm-«wHtckabw- kw-LSn-¸n-t¡−Xp-−v.enw-Kt`Z{]iv-\w-: PmXn- k{¼Zm-b¯n-sâ km-aq-ly- ASn-¨aÀ-¯en-t\m-Sv- tNÀ-¯v- ^yqUÂ- kzm-[o-\w- im-iz-Xam-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv,- iIv-Xam-b ]p-cp-jm-[n-]Xy- {]Xy-bim-kv-{X
aq-ey-§sf ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¨n-«p-−v.- \hen-_dÂ- N«¡q-Sv- CXn-\v- ]n-s¶bpw- Xm-§v- \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- enwK-t`-Zm-[n-jvTnX hn-thN\w- Hcp- ^yq-U Ahin-jv-Sw- am-{XaÃ,- hÀKm-[n-jv-Tn-X kaq-l-§-fn hy-hØm-\p-km-cn-- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.- \hen-_d \b-§fpw- kmaq-ly-_m-[y-XIÄ- \nd-th-äp-¶-XnÂ\n¶v `cWIq-S¯n-s³d hÀ-²n-¨p-hcp-¶ ]n-·m-ähpwIqSn Akaam-b sXmgn hn`-P-\-s¯bpw Ip-Spw-_ k¼Zv-LS\bnÂ- kv-{Xo-IÄ- hln¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶ B\p-]m-Xn-I-a-Ãm¯ `mc-§-sfbpw cq-£am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.FÃm- {]IS cq-]`m-h§tfm-Spw- Iq-Sn-bp-Å enw-Kt`Z]cam-b ASn-¨aÀ-¯ep-IÄ-¡pw
AkaXz-§Ä-¡pw- FXn-cm-b t]m-cm-«w- iIv-Xn-s¸Sp-¯Ww.- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯n-sâ
]mÀ-Sn- F¶ \n-ebnÂ- hÀ-Kkac§Ä- iIvXn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-s³d Ahn-`m-Py- `m-Kam-bn- enw-Kt`Z]cam-b ASn-¨aÀ-¯ep-IÄ-s¡Xn-sc C´y³- P\Xbv-¡n-SbnÂ- th−{X kmaq-ly- Aht_m-[w- hfÀ-¯n-sbSp-¡m³- \mw- Ahncmaw {]hÀ-¯n-¡Ww.hÀ-Ko-bX þ Cu- ]Ým-¯e¯n-em-Wv- `qcn-]£ hÀ-Ko-bXbv-¡pw- \yq\-]£ aXau-enIhm-Z¯n-sâ asäÃm- `m-h{]IS\§Ä-¡pw- FXn-cm-b t]m-cm-«s¯ Im-tW−Xv.B[p-\n-I C´y-bp-sS aX\n-ct]£ P\m-[n-]Xy ASn-¯dIsf in-Yn-eam-¡p-¶Xn-\pwZpÀ_-e-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw A¸p-dw- ({`m-´am-b Akln-jv-Wp-Xtbm-Sp -Iq-Sn-b ^m-knÌv- kz-`m-hap-Å "ln-µp-cmjv{Sw'- F¶ BÀ-Fkv-Fkv- ho-£Ww- t]m-ep-Åh-), \½p-sS
hÀ-K]cam-b AWn-\n-c¯Â- ap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−p-t]m-Ip-¶Xn-\p-Å kp-{][m-\ ap-¶p-]m[n-bm-b P\m-[n-]Xym-hIm-i§fp-sS \nÀ-hlW¯n-\v- hen-b tXm-XnÂ- ku-Icy-sam-cp¡p-¶ ASn-¯d XIÀ-¡p-¶Xn-\¸p-dw,- \½psS P\§Ä-¡n-Sbn-ep-Å aX]cam-b kz-m[o-\w- Nq-jWw- sNbv-Xp-sIm-−v- hÀ-Ko-bhn-Imcw- Cf¡n-hn-«v- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K¯ns³dbpw- Nq-jn-X hn-`m-K§fp-sSbpw- sFIy-s¯ Cu- iIv-Xn-IÄ- {]Xy-£¯nÂ- in-Yn30
10.-24
10.-25
10.-26
10.-27
eam-¡p-Ibp-am-Wv.BbXn-\mÂ,hÀ-Ko-bXsb
]cm-Pbs¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-\p-Å
AN©eam-b t]m-cm-«w- Iq-Sm-sX \½p-sS cm-Py-¯v- hn-¹hap-t¶äw- Akm-[y-am-Wv.tZio-bX þ B[p-\n-I tZio-bX _qÀ-jzm- hÀ-K¯n-sâ DZbhp-am-bpw- ^yq-Uen-k¯ns\Xn-cm-bn- tZio-bt_m-[s¯- AXv- D]tbm-Kn-¨Xp-am-bpw- _Ôs¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p.Ccp]Xmw- \q-äm-−nÂ,- tIm-f\n-cm-Py-§fn-epw- AÀ-²-tIm-f\n-cm-Py-§fn-epw- tZio-bX
DbÀ-¶p-h¶Xv- sIm-tfm-Wn-bÂ-þkm-{am-Py-Xz-hm-gv-Nbvs
- ¡Xn-cm-bn- s]m-cp-Xp-¶Xn-\m-Wv.Cu- ap³-tIm-f\n-Ifn `c-W-hÀK-§Ä A[n-Im-cw- GsäSp-¯tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- tZio-bXbpsS km-{am-Py-Xz-hn-cp-² DÅ-S-¡-¯n shÅw- tNÀ-¡s¸«p.- km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fh¡cW¯n³-Io-gnÂ,- tZio-b ]cam-[n-Im-c¯n-t·Â- Bkq-{Xn-Xam-b IS¶m-{IaWw\S¡p-Ibm-Wv.- FÃm- tZicm-jv-{S§fpw Ah-bpsS- tZiob ]cam-[n-Im-cw- X§fp-sS
BPv-RIÄ-¡v- Io-gv-s¸Sp-¯Wsa¶m-Wv- km-{am-Py-Xz- [\aq-e[\w- Bhiy-s¸Sp-¶Xv.\n-ch[n- {]m-tZin-Ihpw- hw-io-bhp-am-b kz-Xz-§sf B[m-cam-¡n-bp-Å AWn-tNÀ¡ep-Ifn-eq-sS ]p-Xn-b shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ- hÀ-²n-¨p-hcn-Ibm-Wv.- sXe¦m-\bn-sebpw- UmÀPn-en-§n-sebpw- cm-Py-¯n-sâ aäp- Akw-Jyw- `m-K§fn-sebpw- t]m-se {]tXy-I kw-kvYm-\§Ä-¡m-bp-Å {]Øm-\§Ä- C¶v- C´y³- `cWIq-S¯n-s³d `m-jm-]cam-b kwLm-S\¯n-sâ ASn-¯d in-Yn-eam-¡p-I am-{XaÃ,- Nq-jn-XhÀ-K§fp-sS sFIy-s¯
Xs¶ in-Yn-eam-¡p-Ibp-am-W-v (39).tZicm-jv-{S§fp-sS ]cam-[n-Im-cs¯bpw- Ahn-Nv-On-¶Xsbbpw- ZpÀ-_es¸Sp-¯p¶Xn-\v- A´m-cm-jv-{S [\aq-e[\w- hw-io-b tZio-bXsbbpw- hn-LS\hm-Zs¯bpwt{]mÂ-km-ln-¸n-¡p-¶p.- k¦pNn-X hn-`m-Ko-bXbp-sS ASn-kv-Ym-\¯nÂ- P\§sf `n-¶n¸n-¡p-¶ C¯cw- ]n´n-cn-¸³- hw-io-b tZio-bXsb,- Ah-cpsS P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb
A`n-em-j-§Ä¡pth−n \ne-sIm-Åp-t¼mÄ Xs¶,- \mw FXnÀ¯p tXm¸n-¡-Ww.
AhÀs¡-Xn-cmb icn-¡pÅ ASn-¨-aÀ¯-en\pw hnth-N-\-¯n\pw FXn-cmb ka-c§sf iàn-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. tZio-b ]cam-[n-Im-c¯n-s³dbpw- km-{am-Py-Xz-hn-cp-² tZiobXbp-sSbpw- kw-c£Ww- Nq-jn-XhÀ-K§fp-sS sFIy-ZmÀ-Vyw- Du-«n- Dd¸n-¡p-¶Xn\pw- km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-s\Xn-cm-b t]mcm-«-¯n hÀ-KsFIyw- iàns¸Sp-¯p-¶Xn-\p-ap-Å kp-{][m-\am-b hiam-Wv.BtKm-fam-bn- kam-\XIfn-Ãm-¯ km-aq-lyþkmw-kv-Im-cn-I sshhn-²y-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b
C´y-sbt¸m-sebp-Å _lp-tZio-b cm-Py-¯v- C¯cw- {]hWXIÄ- Xp-Scp-¶Xn-\p-Å
hm-k\IÄ- Akw-Jy-am-bn-cn-¡pw.- Ah Nq-jn-X hÀ-K§fp-sS sFIy-s¯ XIÀ-¡p¶p; B ]cn-[n-hsc AXv- \½p-sS X{´{][m-\ e£y-¯n-te¡p-Å ap-t¶äs¯ ZpÀ_es¸Sp-¯p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.- hÀ-K]cam-b hn-jb§fn-t·Â- iIv-Xam-b P\Io-b
kac§Ä- sI«n-¸Sp-¡p-¶Xn-eq-sS Nq-jn-X hn-`m-K§fp-sS hÀ-KsFIyw- iIv-Xn-s¸Sp¯n-s¡m-−v- am-{Xta CXn-s\ FXn-cn-Sm-\m-Iq.- C¯cw- Hcp- [m-cWbp-sS ASn-kvYm\¯n-em-Wv- `m-jm-]cam-b ]p-\x-kw-LS\bp-sS XXz-§sf XIÀ-¯p-sIm-−v- \n-ehn-epÅ C´y³- kw-kv-Ym-\§sf ]p-\x-kw-LSn-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-s\Xn-cm-b AShp-]cam-b kao]\¯n-\v- \mw- cq-]w- \Â-In-bXv.-
XI
D]kw-lm-cw11.-1 tem-Itkm-jy-en-k¯n-\v- Xn-cn-¨Sn-tbän-«p-s−¦n-epw-,- km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-\\p-Iq-eam-bn- hÀKiIv-Xn-Ifp-sS kmÀ-htZio-b _em-_e¯nÂ- Kp-W]cam-b Zn-im-am-äw- D−mbn-«ps−¦n-epw,-- amÀ-Iv-kn-kwþse\n-\n-kw- F¶ {In-bm-Xv-aI im-kv-{X¯nÂ- Dd¨p-\n-¶p-sIm−v,- bYmÀ-Xv-Y¯n-ep-ÅXpw- k¼qÀ-®hp-am-b tam-N\¯n-\pw- kzm-X{´y-¯n-\p-am-bp-Å
C´y³- P\Xbp-sS e£y-hpw- t]m-cm-«§fpw- ap-t¶m-«p-sIm-−p-t]m-Im³- kn-]n-sF Fw{]Xn-Pv-Rm-_²am-Wv.- t]m-cm-bv-aIfpw- Xn-cn-¨Sn-Ifpw- D−m-bn-«p-s−¦n-epw,- 20þmw- \q-äm−n-se kw-`hhn-Im-k§Ä- km-£y-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xv,- Ncn-{X]cam-b ho-£W¯nÂ- am\hkmw-kv-Im-cn-I ap-t¶ä¯n-sâ au-en-Iam-b Zn-i A\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- tZio-bhpw- km-aqly-hp-am-b hn-tam-N\¯n-te¡m-sW¶m-Wv.11.-2 Ct¸m-gs¯ km-lNcy-¯nÂ,- in-Yn-eo-IcW {]Øm-\§Ä- DbÀ-¯p-¶ shÃp-hn-fnIsf t\cn-«p-sIm−pw amÀ-Iv-kn-kw-þse\n-\n-k¯n-sâ hn-¹hIcam-b DÅS¡¯nÂ-\n¶p-Å GXp hyXn-bm-\-¯n\pw- Ccbm-Ip-¶Xn-s\Xn-sc Pm-{KX ]m-en-¨p-sIm-−pw- "BXva\n-jv-T LSI'-s¯ iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\v kn-]n-sF (Fw)- {]Xn-Úm-_²am-Wv.- ]e
]mÀ-Sn- tIm¬-{KÊp-Ifn-epw,- C¯cw- shÃp-hn-fn-Isf t\cn-Sp-¶Xn-\m-bp-Å AShp-IÄ31
¡v- \mw- cq-]w- \Â-In-bn-cp-¶p.- CXn-sâ ASn-kv-Ym-\¯nÂ,- `m-hn-bn-te¡m-bp-Å icn-bmb AShp-IÄ- cq-]s¸Sp-t¯−Xv- Bhiy-am-Wv.11.-3 kn-]n-sF (Fw)-, AXn-sâ Dcp-¯n-cn-ªp hchn-s\¯s¶bpw,- FÃm- hy-Xn-bm\§sfbpw
sNdp-¡p-¶-XnepwamÀ-Iv-kn-kw-þse\n-\n-k¯n-sâ
hn-¹hIcam-b
DÅS¡s¯ hn-«p-ho-gv-N IqSm-sX DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-¶Xn-ep-ap-Å AXn-sâ A\p`h§sfbpw- IW¡n-seSp-¯v,- 20þmw- \q-äm-−n-se am-\h \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS ]cn-Wm-a¯n\p-taÂ- am-bv-¡m-\m-hm-¯ kzm-[o-\iIv-Xn- Ahtijn-¸n-¨ tkm-jy-en-k¯n-sâ A\p`h§fpw- kaIm-en-I ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-sâbpw- C¶s¯ tem-I¯n-se tkm-jy-enk¯n-sâbpw- km-aq-ly-þkm-¼¯n-I hy-hkv-Yn-Xn-Ifp-sS im-kv-{Xo-bam-b hne-bn-cp-¯ensâ ]cn-Wm-aw- kr-jv-Sn-¡p-¶Xn-sâ A\p-`h§fpw- IW¡n-seSp-¯v-, C´y³
P\Xbp-sS A´n-ahn-Pbw- hsc Cu- {]{In-bbp-am-bn- ap-t¶m-«p-t]m-Im³-- _m-[y-kv-YamWv.- kn-]n-sF (Fw)- AXn-sâ hn-¹h ISaIfp-am-bn- ap-t¶m-«p-t]m-Ipw-; \½p-sS P\§Ä¡n-Sbn-se hÀ-KiIv-Xn-Ifp-sS hÀ-¯am-\Im-e _em-_e¯nÂ- am-äw- hcp-¯p-¶Xn-\mbn- C´y³ P\Xbn-se Nq-jn-X hn-`m-K§sf AWn-\n-c¯p-Ibpw- P\Io-b P\m-[n]Xyhpw- AXn-s³d ASn-¯dbnÂ- am-\h kzm-X{´y-¯n-sâbpw- tam-N\¯n-sâbpw
Htc-sbmcp- ASn-Øm-\am-b tkm-jy-en-khpw- kv-Ym-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bp-Å hn-¹h IS¶m{IaW¯n-\v- Du-¡v- Iq-«p-Ibpw- sN¿pw.-
hn-iZo-IcW¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ(1)- JÞn-I 1.-7: al¯m-b sXe¦m-\ P\Io-b km-bp-[kacw,- tX`m-Km- {]kvY
- m-\w- (_wKmÄ),- ]p-¶{]þ hbemÀ- (tIcfw),- hÀ-fn- BZnhm-kn- kacw- (alm-cm-jv-{S),- {Xn-]p-c kmbp-[ kacw,- kpÀ-a Xm-gv-hcbn-se kacw- (BÊmw),- s_äÀ-saâv- sehn- hn-cp-² kacw(]©m-_v),- In-g¡³- X©m-hq-cn-se ImÀ-jn-I ASn-a¯ hn-cp-² {]kv-Ym-\w- (Xan-gv-\m-Sv),Akw-Jyw- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-K kac§Ä- Xp-S§n-bh ChbnÂ- DÄ-s¸Sp-¶p.(2)- JÞn-I 2.-3 : kao-]Im-e¯v- 1990Â- t]m-epw- Gähpw- hen-b ]¯v- Atacn-¡³- [\Imcy-kv-Ym-]\§Ä-¡v- sam-¯w- [\Bkv-Xn-bp-sS 10 iXam-\w- am-{Xam-Wv- kz-´am-bnD−m-bn-cp-¶Xv.- 2009 Bbt¸mÄ- 50 iXam-\hpw- Ahbp-sS ssIhiam--bn.- Gähpw- apIÄ-¯«n-ep-Å 20 kv-Ym-]\§Ä- [\ Bkv-Xn-Ifp-sS 70 iXam-\hpw- ssIhiw- sh¨n-cn¡p-¶p- (2009)-.- 1990se 12 iXam-\¯nÂ-\n-¶m-Wv- C§s\ DbÀ-¶Xv.- 1985 Ahkm-\w
Atacn-¡bnÂ-- 18,-000 s^UdÂ- sUt¸m-kn-äv- C³-jz-d³-kv- tImÀ-¸tdj\p-IÄ-þ- AwK_m-¦p-IÄ-þ- D−m-bn-cp-¶p.-- 2007 Ahkm-\am-bt¸mÄ- Ch- 8534 Bbn- Ip-dªp.- AXn\p-tijw- CXv- ho-−pw- Ip-dªn-«p-−v.- 1991se Gähpw- hen-b 15 Atacn-¡³- _m-¦pIfnÂ- (B Im-e¯v- Ahbv-¡v- FÃmw- Iq-Sn- 1.-5 e£w- tIm-Sn- tUm-fdm-bn-cp-¶p- Bkv-Xn)2008 Ahkm-\am-bt¸mÄ- Ahtijn-¨Xv- 5 F®w- am-{Xam-bn-cp-¶p.- (Ahbp-sS Bkv-Xnbm-Is« 8.-9 e£w- tIm-Sn- tUm-fdpw).(3)- JÞn-I 2.-7 : lnÂ-s-^À-Un-§n-s\bpw- tlm-_v-ksWbpw- t]m-ep-Åhcp-sS km-{am-Py-Xzs¯ kw-_Ôn-¨v-,- \n-ehn-ep-−m-bn-cp-¶ Ir-Xn-IfnÂ- BIr-jv-S\m-b se\n³- Ahcp-sS
\nÀ-hN\§Ä-¡v- A¸p-dw- IS¶v- ap-Xem-fn-¯¯n-s³d ]ctam-¶X L«w- F¶v- km-{amPy-Xz-s¯ hn-iIe\w- sN¿p-Ibp-−m-bn. AXv- A´m-cm-jv-{S [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ A[oiXz--¯n³-Io-gnÂ- hen-b tXm-XnÂ- h¶p- Ign-ªn-cp-¶p.- - km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ A©vASn-Øm-\ khn-ti-j-X-Isf At±lw- C§s\ hy-Iv-Xam-¡p-¶p-: ""Xm-sg¸dbp-¶
A©v- ASn-Øm-\ khn-ti-j-X-I-f-S-§p-¶-XmWv km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâ \nÀ-hN\w-: (1) km¼¯n-I Po-hn-X¯nÂ- \nÀ-Wm-bIam-b ]¦v- hln-¡p-¶ Ip-¯IIsf kr-jv-Sn¡¯¡h®w- DbÀ-¶ L«¯n-te¡v- DÂ-]m-Z\¯n-sâbpw- aq-e[\¯n-sâbpw- km-{µoIcWw- hfÀ-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p-; (2) _m-¦v- aq-e[\hpw- hym-hkm-bn-I aq-e[\hpw- X½nÂebn-¨p- tNcp-Ibpw- Cu- [\aq-e[\¯n-sâ ASn-kv-Ym-\¯nÂ- Hcp- [\ AÂ-]m-[n-]Xywkr-jv-Sn-¡s¸Sp-Ibp-w- sNbv-Xn-cn-¡p-¶p-; (3) Nc¡p-Ifp-sS Ibäp-aXn-bnÂ-\n-¶v- hy-Xy-kvXam-bn- aq-e[\¯n-sâ Ibäp-aXn- Akm-am-\y-am-b {]m-[m-\yw- BÀ-Pv-Pn-¡p-¶p-; (4)
A´mcm-jv-{S Ip-¯I ap-Xem-fn- Iq-«p-sI«p-IÄ- cq-]w- sIm-Åp-Ibpw- Ah tem-Iw- ]¦ns«Sp-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p-; (5) Gähpw- hen-b ap-Xem-fn-¯ iIv-Xn-IÄ- tem-Is¯sbm-«msI ]¦n-s«Sp-¡p-¶ {]{In-b ]qÀ-¯n-bm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- Ip-¯IIfp-sSbpw- [\aq-e[\¯nsâbpw- ta[m-hn-Xzw- kv-Ym-]n-¡s¸Sp-Ibpw- aq-e[\¯n-sâ Ibäp-aXn- {]ISam-b {]m-[m\yw- BÀPn-¡p-Ibpw- A´m-cm-jv-{S {SÌp-IÄ- tem-Iw- ]¦n-s«Sp-¡m³- Xp-S§p-Ibpwtem-I¯m-sIbp-Å `q-{]tZi§Ä- ap-gp-h\pw- Gähpw- hen-b ap-Xem-fn-¯ iIv-XnIÄ¡n-SbnÂ- ho-Xn-¡s¸Sp--¶Xv- ]qÀ-¯n-bm-hp-Ibpw- sNbv-X hn-Im-kZibn-se¯n-b ap32
Xem-fn-¯am-Wv- km-{am-Py-Xzw''-.- (se\n³,- kam-lr-X Ir-Xn-IÄ,- hm-fyw- 22,- t]Pv266þ267).(4)- JÞn-I 2.-8: Np-hsS tNÀ-¡p-¶ hkv-Xp-XIÄ- D²cn-¨p-sIm-−v,- 1913Â- Xs¶ [\ aqe-[\-¯nsâ B[n-]Xyw- se\n³- A\p-`hs¯ B[m-cam-¡n- kv-Ym-]n-¨Xv- {i²n-¡p-I.-
_m-¦p-Ifp-sS Bkv-Xn-IÄ(1913 HIv-tSm-_À- þ \hw-_À- am-k§fn-se dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ- {]Im-cw- þ e£w- dq-_nÄ)djy³- _m-¦p-Ifp-sS
\n-t£]n-¨ aq-e[\w{Kq-¸p-IÄDÂ-]m-Z\]cam-bn- Du-l¡¨hS¯n-\m-bn\m-ev- _m-¦p-IÄ-: ssk_o-cn-b³- Itagv-kyÂ,djy³,- CâÀ-\m-jWÂ,- Un-kv-Iu-−v- _m-¦v413.7
859.1
c−v- _m-¦p-IÄ-: Itagv-kyÂ- & C³-Ukv-{Sn-bÂ-,dq-tkm- þ {_n-«o-jv239.-3
169.-1
A©v- _m-¦p-IÄ- : djy³- -þ Gjym-än-Iv,- skâv]o-tägv-kv- s_À-Kv ss{]häv,- Atkm-hv-þtUm¬,bq-Wn-b³- tam-kv-t¡m,- dq-tkm- þ{^©v- Itagv-kyÂ- 711.-8
661.-2
11 _m-¦p-IÄ- BsI
1364.-8
1689.-4
F«v- _m-¦p-IÄ-: tam-kv-tIm- aÀ-¨âv-kv,thmÄ-K þ Im-a,- bp-¦À B³-Uv- I¼\n,- skâv]o-tägv-kv-s_À-Kv- Itagv-kyÂ(ap¼s¯ -hm-shÂ-s_À-Kv),- _m-¦v- Hm-^v- tam-kv-t¡m
(ap¼s¯- cy-_p-jn-³-kv-¡n),- tam-kv-t¡mUn-kv-¡u-−v,- tam-kv-t¡m- Itagv-kyÂ,tam-kv-t¡m- ss{]häv504.-2
391.-1
19 _m-¦p-IÄ- BsI
1869.-0
2080.-5
BsI
1272.8
408.-4
1373.-0
3054.-2
895.-3
3949.-5
B[p-\n-I Im-e¯v- ^n-\m³-jyÂ- Dul¡¨hS \S]Sn-IfnÂ-\n-¶p-Å em-`¯n-sâ DZmlcWw- {i²n-¡p-I:
1.- Pn- C Im-¸n-äÂ- 2003Â- B {Kq-¸n-sâ em-`¯n-sâ 42% D−m-¡n.2.- P\dÂ- tam-t«m-gv-kpw- t^mÀ-Upw D]t`m-Iv-Xr- hm-bv-]m- GÀ-¸m-Sp-IfnÂ-\n-¶m-bn-cp-¶pAhbp-sS em-`¯n-sâ GItZiw- ap-gp-h\pw- t\Sn-bXv.- 2003Â- t]m-epw- Ahbp-sS
hnÂ-]\ hcp-am-\w- GXm-−v- sNehn\v- kaw- am-{Xam-bn-cp-¶p.3.- 2004Â- P\dÂ- tam-t«gv-kv- AIv-sk]ä³-kv- tImÀ-¸tdj³- (GMAC) Un-hn-j³- 290
tIm-Sn- tUm-fÀ- k¼m-Zn-¨p.- CXv- P\dÂ- tam-t«gv-kn-sâ sam-¯w- hcp-am-\¯n-s³d
GItZiw- 80 iXam-\am-bn-cp-¶p.-(5)- JÞn-I 2.-18 : C´y-bn-se \½p-sS kz-´w- A\p-`h¯n-\pw- A¸p-dw,- D¶X§fn-se
Agn-aXn- km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cW¯n-sâ kÀ-hhym-]Iam-b khn-tijXbm-bnam-dn-bn-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- ap³- {^©v- {]kn-Uâv- gm-Iv- jn-dm-Iv,- XIv-kn³- (Xm-bv-e−v),s_À-ep-kv-tIm-Wn- (Cäen-),- t¥m-dn-b AIzn-t\m- (^n-en-ss¸³-kv)- Xp-S§n-bhÀ- temIt\Xm-¡fp-sS Cu- irw-JebnÂ- Gähpw- HSp-hnÂ- Ip-äw- Np-a¯s¸«hcm-Wv.1980IÄ- ap-XÂ- BtKm-fhÂ-Ir-Xam-b ImÀ-sSÂ- {]hÀ-¯\§fp-sS iIv-Xam-b ]p¯³- Xcw-Kw- tem-I¯n-eq-sS ASn-¨p-Ibdp-Ibm-sW¶pw- AXp- ]et¸m-gpw- ]cs¡
Adn-bs¸Sp-¶ {_m³-Uv- t]cp-Isf¡q-Sn- AXnÂ- AIs¸Sp-¯p-Ibm-sW¶pw- AXv- hntijn-¨pw- hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§sf {]Xn-Iq-eam-bn- _m-[n-¡p-Ibm-sW¶p-ap-Å iIv-Xam-b
sXfn-hp-IÄ- 2009se BtKm-f Agn-aXn- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- AhXcn-¸n-¡p-¶p.- `£y-hkv-Xp-¡fpwhn-äm-an-\p-Ifpw- ap-XÂ- ]iv-Nm-¯e ku-Icy- t{]m-PIv-Sp-IÄ- hsc,- ae¼\n-s¡Xn-cm-b
acp-¶p-IÄ- ap-XÂ- Gähpw- A[n-Iw- an-Ihp-ä kw-hn-[m-\§fp-Å sslsSIv- DÂ]¶§fpw- D]t`m-Iv-Xr-tkh\§fpw- hscbp-Å AXn-{][m-\ hn-]Wn- taJeIÄ- temIam-sI Agn-aXn-bnÂ- AIs¸«n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.{_n-«\nÂ- cm-jv-{So-b _Ôap-Å kv-Ym-]\§fm-Wv- hn-]Wn- aq-e[\hÂ-¡cW¯nsâ Gsd¡p-sd 40 iXam-\hpw- \S¯n-bn-«p-ÅXv- F¶m-Wv- aXn-¸v- IW¡v- þ djy-bnÂCXv- Ahn-iz-k\o-bam-b hn-[w- DbÀ-¶v- 80 iXam-\¯nÂ- F¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- AXn-\p]p-dsa,- tem-_n-bn-§n-sâ tXm-Xpw- {Zp-XKXn-bn-ep-Å hfÀ-¨bpw,- Xp-ey- Ahkcw-- kw33
_Ôn-¨pw- tem-_n-bn-Ìp-Isf hm-SIbv-s¡Sp-¡m³- tijn-bn-Ãm-¯ ]u-c·m-cp-sS Im-cy§Ä- {i²n-¡s¸Sp-¶Xn-\p-Å AhIm-iw- kw-_Ôn-¨pw- Ku-chXcam-b Bi¦IÄ-DbÀ-¯p-¶p.- {_ÊÂ-knÂ- bq-tdm-]y³- bq-Wn-bs³d \bcq-]o-IcWs¯ kzm-[o-\n¡p-¶Xn-\v- 15,-000 tem-_n-bn-Ìp-Ifp-Å 2500 tem-_n-bn-Mv- kw-LS\IÄ- aÃn-Sp-IbmsW¶m-Wv- IW¡m-¡s¸Sp-¶Xv.- Atacn-¡bnÂ,- I¼\n-Ifp-sS tem-_n-bn-Mv- sNehvIp-¯s\ DbÀ-¶n-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv-; kw-kv-Ym-\m-Sn-kv-Ym-\¯nÂ- Hm-tcm- \n-ba\nÀ-½m-W
k`mw-K¯n-\pw-th−n-bp-Å icm-icn- sNehv- 2 e£w- tUm-fdm-Wv-; AtXkabw- Hmtcm- \n-ba\nÀ-½m-W k`mw-Ks¯bpw- Nm-¡n-em-¡m³- A©v- tem-_n-bn-Ìp-IÄ- ho-XwaÂ-kcn-¡p-¶p.hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§fn-epw- ]cn-hÀ-¯\w- \S¶p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶- cm-Py-§fn-epw- am-{Xw,Agn-aXn-¡m-cm-b cm-jv-{So-b¡m-cp-w- kÀ-¡mÀ- DtZym-Kkv-Ycpw- Iq-Sn- {]Xn-hÀ-jw- 2000
tIm-Sn- ap-XÂ- 4000 tIm-Sn- hsc tUm-fÀ- ssI¡q-en-bm-bn- ssI¸äp-¶Xm-bm-Wv- hn-iz-kn¡s¸Sp-¶Xv- þ CXv- Hu-tZym-Kn-I hn-Ik\ klm-b¯n-sâ GItZiw- 20 ap-XÂ- 40
iXam-\w- hsc hcpw.ASp-¯ Im-e¯m-bn- Np-cp-§n-bXv- 23 cm-Py-§fn-se¦n-epw- `cWI£n-Itfm- Ahbnse Aw-K§tfm- Agn-aXn-IfnÂ- DÄ-s¸«n-«p-ÅXm-bn- Is−¯n-bn-«p-−v.- B cm-Py-§fpsS ]«n-IbnÂ,- Atacn-¡,- saIv-kn-t¡m,- sIm-fw-_n-b,- s]dp,- AÀ-P³do-\,- {_koÂ,AbÀ-e−v,- Cäen,- {^m³-kv,- djy,- tÉm-th\n-b,- P¸m³,- Z£n-WsIm-dn-b,- Xm-bv-hm³,^n-en-ss¸
³-kv,- C³-tUm-t\jy,- Xm-bv-e³-Uv,- A^v-Km-\n-kv-Xm³,- C´y-,- ]m-In-kv-Xm³,- DKm-−,sI\n-b F¶n-h DÄ-s¸Sp-¶p.- ChbnÂ- aq-¶v- cm-Py-§fnÂ- (P¸m³,- Z£n-WsIm-dn-b,^n-en-ss¸³-kv)- kÀ-¡m-cp-Ifp-sS cm-Pn-t¡m- ]X\¯n-t\m- CSbm-¡n-b ap-Jy-hn-jbwAgn-aXn- Bbn-cp-¶p.1998Â- {]kn-²o-Icn-¨ Gjy³- sUhe¸v-saâv- _m-¦n-sâ (FUn-_n)- Agn-aXn-hn-cp-²
dn-t¸mÀ-«v- {]Im-cw,- ""]e cm-Py-§fp-sSbpw- \n-Ip-Xn- hcp-am-\¯n-sâ 50 iXam-\t¯mfsa¦n-epw-- Agn-aXn-bnÂ- \ãam-tb¡pw.- Hcp- em-än³- Atacn-¡³- cm-Py-¯n-se IÌwkv- DtZym-Kkv-Ysc,- AhÀ- ]n-cn-s¨Sp-¡p-¶Xn-sâ Hcp- iXam-\w- kz-´am-¡m³- kÀ¡mÀ- A\p-hZn-¨t¸mÄ,- Hcp- hÀ-j¯n-\p-ÅnÂ- B cm-Py-¯n-sâ IÌw-kv- hcp-am\¯nÂ- 60 iXam-\¯n-sâ hÀ-²\hp-−m-bn...- Hcp- bq-tdm-]y³- cm-Py-¯v- Agn-aXnhln-¡p-¶ ]¦n-s\¡p-dn-¨p-Å Nn-e aXn-¸v- IW¡p-IÄ- F¯p-¶ \n-Ka\w,- AXv- B
cm-Py-¯n-sâ \n-ehn-ep-Å sam-¯w- IS_m-[y-XbnÂ- 15 iXam-\¯n-sâ,- AYhm- 20,-000
tIm-Sn- tUm-fdn-sâ,- hÀ-²\hp-−m-¡n- F¶m-Wv-.-''(6)- JÞn-I 3.-4 : 2010se lyq-a³- sUhe¸v-saâv- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- C§s\ shfn-s¸Sp-¯n- þ ""110
cm-Py-§fnÂ- 65 F®¯n-epw (GItZiw- 60%) - sam-¯w- hcp-am-\¯nÂ- Ign-ª c−v]Xn-äm-−n-e[n-Iam-bn- thX\ hn-ln-Xw- Ip-dªp-hcn-Ibm-Wv-.- thX\hn-ln-Xw- am-äan-ÃmsX Xp-Scp-Ibm-sW¶ ap-¼s¯ [m-cWbv-¡v- hn-cp-²am-Wn-Xv.- Nn-e hen-b cm-Py-§fnÂþ {]tXy-In-¨pw- C´y-bn-epw- Atacn-¡bn-epw- þ KWy-am-b CSn-hm-Wv- I−Xv-; 1990 apXÂ- 2008 hsc 5 iXam-\w- Ip-dhv-; CXv- tem-I thX\hcp-am-\ hn-ln-X¯nÂ- icm-icn2 iXam-\¯n-sâ Ip-dhn-\v- CSbm-¡n-.""Hcp- ]T\w- A\p-kcn-¨v,- 1988 ap-XÂ- tem-I Kn-\n- tIm-sb^n-jy-âv- (kmÀ-h{Xn-Iambn-- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡s¸« hcp-am-\ AkaXz- Afhv-)- Gsd tam-iam-bn- hcn-Ibm-Wv-;
Ct¸mÄ- AXv- sR«n-¸n-¡p-¶hn-[w- 0.-71Â- F¯n-\nÂ-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- (]q-Pyw- k¼qÀ-W Xpey-Xsb {]Xn-\n-[o-Icn-¡p-¶p.- kv-s]Iv-{S¯n-sâ adp-hiw- {]Xn-\n-[o-Icn-¡p-¶ H¶v(1)- alm-`q-cn-]£w- hcp-¶ P\§fpw- sam-¯¯nÂ- k¼qÀ-Wam-bn- km-¼¯n-Iam-b
XIÀ-¨ t\cn-Sp-¶ AhØbm-Wv-).- cm-Py-§Ä-¡p-Ån-Â- hcp-am-\ AkaXzw- hÀ-²n-¨phcp-¶Xm-Wv- Ct¸m-gs¯ Øn-Xn-.- 1980Ifn-teXn-t\¡mÄ- Iq-Sp-XÂ- cm-Py-§fnÂCt¸mÄ- DbÀ-¶ Kn-\n- tIm-sb^n-jy-âm-Wp-ÅXv.- ]qÀ-thjy-bn-sebpw- im-´ kap{Z{]tZi§fn-sebpw-- an-¡hm-dpw- cm-Py-§fnÂ- GXm-\pw- ZiI§Ä-¡p-ap-¼v- D−m-bn-cp¶Xn-t\¡mÄ- hÀ-²n-¨ AkaXzw- C¶p-−v-.- \Kc{]tZi§fpw- {Km-a{]tZi§fpwX½n-ep-Å hÀ-²n-¨p-hcp-¶ A´c¯n-\p -Im-cWw- `m-Kn-Iam-bn- CXm-sW¶v- hn-iZo-Icn¡s¸Sp-¶p.- Zcn-{Zcm-b Bfp-IÄ- CXn-s\m-¸w- Xs¶,- s]s«¶pw- aäp- ]e hn-[§fn-ep-apÅ _p-²n-ap-«p-IÄ- A\p-`hn-¡p-Ibm-Wv.- ChbnÂ- aäp-Åhsb¡mÄ- Iq-Sp-XÂ- cq-£ambXv- enw-Khy-Xym-k§fm-Wv.-
34
""ap³- tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-bsâ `m-Kam-bn-cp-¶ cm-Py-§fn-se kv-Yn-Xn- hjfm-bn-hcp¶Xm-Wv- {]tXy-In-¨pw- {it²bam-bXv.- AhcnÂ- Xp-S¡¯nÂ- AkaXzw- hfsc Ipdhm-bn-cp-¶Xn-\mÂ- Ct¸m-gpw- Xm-cXtay-\ Kn-\n- tIm-sb^n-jyâv- Ip-dhm-Wv.- AhbnÂhy-hkv-Ym-am-äw- sXm-gnÂ- Dd¸v- CÃm-Xm-¡n-; hym-]Iam-bn- kÀ-¡mÀ- sXm-gnÂAhkc§Ä-\nÀ-¯em-¡n.- s_À-en³- aXn-en-sâ ]X\¯n-\p-ap-¼v- tkm-jy-en-Ìv- cm-Py§fn-se 10Â- 9 t]cpw- kÀ-¡mÀ- tPm-en-bnÂ- GÀ-s¸«n-cp-¶p.- km-¼¯n-I
klIcW¯n-\pw- hn-Ik\¯n-\p-am-bp-Å cm-Py-§fp-sS kw-LS\ (OECD)bnÂ- CXv10Â- 2 am-{Xam-bn-cp-¶p.""Np-cp-¡¯nÂ,- 104 cm-Py-§fn-se P\kw-Jy-bnÂ- GItZiw- aq-¶nÂ- H¶pw,-AYhm- 175 tIm-Sn- Bfp-IÄ,-- _lp-hn-[am-b Zm-cn-{Zyw- A\p-`hn-¡p-¶hcm-Wv- F¶m-WvR§Ä- IW¡m-¡p-¶Xv''-.adp-hi¯v,- tem-Is¯ iXtIm-So-iz-c·m-cp-sS F®w- ap-¶q-dn-tesd hÀ-²n-¨v- sam¯w- 1210 Bbn-cn-¡p-¶p-; Ahcp-sSbm-sI AÊÂ- Bkv-Xn- 4.-5 e£w- tIm-Sn- tUm-fdmWv.- 2008þ2011 Im-eL«¯n-se iXtIm-So-iz-c·m-cp-sS kz-¯n-sâ hÀ-jm-hÀ-jap-Å XmcXayw- shfn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xv- Gjym- þ s]k^n-¡n-se kz-¯v-,- [\{]Xn-kÔn-bv-¡v- ap¼p-−m-bn-cp-¶Xn-t\¡mÄ- GItZiw- 24 iXam-\hpw- Atacn-¡bn-teXv- 41 iXam-\hpwA[n-Iam-sW¶m-Wv.tem-IP\kw-Jy-bn-se AXn-k¼¶cm-b 2 iXam-\w- t]cm-Wv- tem-I¯n-se kz¯n-sâ ]Ip-Xn-bpw- ssIhis¸Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv.- 48 ]caZcn-{Z cm-Py-§fn-se Pn-Un]n- (sam-¯w- B`y-´c DÂ-]m-Z\w,- Hm-tcm-cp-¯cp-sSbpw- hcp-am-\¯n-sâ BsI¯p-I)tem-I¯n-se AXn-k¼¶cm-b aq-¶p-t]cp-sS BsI kz-¯n-t\¡mÄ- Ip-dhm-Wv.- temIP\kw-Jy-bn-se ]caZcn-{Zcm-b 40 iXam-\w-t]À-¡v- BtKm-fhcp-am-\¯n-sâ 5
iXam-\w- am-{Xam-Wv- e`n-¡p-¶Xv.- tem-IP\kw-Jy-bn-se AXn-k¼¶cm-b 20 iXam\w- t]À-¡m-Wv- tem-Ihcp-am-\¯n-sâ \m-enÂ- aq-¶v- `m-Khpw- e`n-¡p-¶Xv.- tem-I¯nse AXn-k¼¶cm-b 20 iXam-\w- Bfp-Ifp-sS icm-icn- hmÀ-jn-Ihcp-am-\w- ]caZcn{Zcm-b 20 iXam-\w- Bfp-Ifp-sS hmÀ-jn-I hcp-am-\s¯¡mÄ- GItZiw- 50 Cc«n-bmWv.Atacn-¡bnÂ,- hcp-am-\¯n-\p-]Icw-- kz-¯n-sâ ASn-kv-Ym-\¯nÂ,- Gähpw- apIÄ-¯«n-ep-Å Hcp- iXam-\w-t]À- 40 iXam-\w- kz-¯pw- ssIbS¡n-sh¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.- 25
hÀ-j¯n-\v- ap-¼v- CXn-\v- kam-\am-b kw-Jy-IÄ- 12 iXam-\hpw- 33 iXam-\hp-am-Wv.AtXkabw- Xs¶ Gähpw- ap-IÄ-¯«n-ep-Å Hcp- iXam-\w-t]cp-sS hcp-am-\w- Ignª ZiI¯nÂ- 18% hÀ-²n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p-; CS¯c¡m-cp-sS hcp-am-\w- icn-¡pw- CSnªt¸m-gm-Wn-Xv.- 2011 BKkv-Xv- Ahkm-\s¯ kv-Yn-Xn-b\p-kcn-¨v,- Atacn-¡bn-se
Gähpw- ap-IÄ-¯«n-ep-Å 400 t]À-¡v- BsI¡q-Sn-bp-Å hy-Iv-Xn-KX kz-¯v- 1.-53 e£w tIm-Sn- tUm-fdm-Wv-; Ign-ª hÀ-jt¯XnÂ-\n-¶v- sam-¯w- 12 iXam-\w- A[n-Iam-Wn-Xv.CXv- F¡m-et¯bpw- DbÀ-¶ kz-¯nÂ-\n-¶pw- Gsd AIsebp-aà þ alm-am-µyw- XpS§n-bXn-\v- ap-¼n-es¯ hÀ-jw,- 2007se 1.-57 e£w- tIm-Sn- tUm-fÀ.- 1982em-Is«,- t^mÀ_v-kv- 400sâ \n-cbnÂ- IS¶p-Iq-Sm³- icm-icn- Atacn-¡¡m-c\v- Np-cp-§n-bXv- 7.-5 tImSn- tUm-fÀ- thWam-bn-cp-¶p.- 2011se ]«n-IbnÂ- IS¶p-Iq-Sm-\m-Is«,- 105 tIm-Sn- tUm-fÀthWw.- 1982\pw- 2011\pw- CSbv-¡v- t^mÀ-_v-kv- 400 ]«n-Ibn-ep-Åhcp-sS Iq-«m-b sam¯w- k¼¯v- Ip-Xn-¨p-bÀ-¶p- þ \m-Wbs¸cp-¸w- IW¡n-seSp-¯tijap-Å Xp-IbmWn-Xv.- I®©n-¸n-¡pw-hn-[w- 612 iXam-\¯n-sâ hÀ-²\bm-Wp-−m-bXv.- 1983\pw2009\pw- at²y,- Atacn-¡bn-se AXn-k¼¶cm-b 5 iXam-\w- t]À- B cm-jv-{S¯n-se
kakv-X kz-¯n-sâbpw- em-`¯n-se 82 iXam-\hpw- ssIhis¸Sp-¯n.- B cm-Py-¯nse Gähpw- Xm-sg X«n-ep-Å 60 iXam-\w- Ip-Spw-_§Ä-¡v- bYmÀ-Xv-Y¯nÂ- 1983 teXnt\¡mÄ- 2009 Bbt¸mÄ- kz-¯v- Ip-dbp-Ibm-Wp-−m-bXv.\½p-sS cm-Py-¯v,- C´y-bnÂ,- Zcn-{Zcpw- AKXn-Ifp-am-bhcp-sS F®w- hÀ-²n-¡p¶Xn-\\p-kcn-¨v- tUm-fÀ- ASn-kv-Ym-\¯n-ep-Å iXtIm-So-iz-c·m-cp-sS F®w- hÀ-²n-¨psIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶Xm-bm-Wv- \mw- Im-Wp-¶Xv.- tUm-fÀ- iXtIm-So-iz-c·m-cp-sS F®w
2010Â- 52 Bbn-cp-¶Xv- 2011Â- 69 Bbn- hÀ-²n-¨p.- Ahcp-sS FÃm- t]cp-sSbpw- Iq-Sn-bpÅ Bkv-Xn- C´y³- Pn-Un-]n-bp-sS 30 iXam-\¯n-\v- Xp-ey-am-Wv.- t\scadn-¨v,- C´y³P\XbnÂ- GItZiw- 80 iXam-\w- t]cpw- Ign-ªp-Iq-Sp-¶Xv- {]Xn-Zn-\w- 20 cq-]bnÂ- Ipdª hcp-am-\w- sIm-−m-Wv.-
35
7.-
JÞn-I 3.-4: sXm-gn-en-Ãm-bv-a þ 2010se am-\h hn-Ik\ dn-t¸mÀ-«v- {]Im-cw- ""sXm-gn-en-Ãmbv-abpw- Zm-cn-{Zy-hpw- AXo-h Kp-cp-Xcm-hØbn-em-bn.- 3.-4 tIm-Sn- Bfp-IÄ-¡v- -Ahcp-sS
sXm-gnÂ- \ãs¸«p.- 6.-4 tIm-Sn- P\§Ä- Iq-Sn-- {]Xn-Zn-\w- 1.-25 tUm-fÀ- hcp-am-\an-Ãm-¯
Zcn-{Zcp-sS Iq-«¯nÂ- tNÀ-¶p.- DÂ-]¶§fp-sS hn-ehÀ-²\aq-ew- ap³- hÀ-j§fnÂ- 16
tIm-Sn- ap-XÂ- 20tIm-Sn--hsc P\§Ä- Zm-cn-{Zy-¯n-em-gv-¶Xn\p- ]p-dsa-bm-Wn-Xv.- 2010Â- hnIkn-X cm-Py-§fnÂ- icm-icn- sXm-gn-en-Ãm-bv-a 9 iXam-\am-bn-cp-¶Xv- Atacn-¡bnÂ]¯p- iXam-\¯n-se¯p-Ibpw- kv-s]bn-\nÂ- 20 iXam-\¯n-se¯p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.""A´m-cm-{ã sXm-gnÂ- kw-LS\ {]hNn-¡p-¶Xv- 2009Â- BtKm-f km-¼¯n-I {]XnkÔn-¡m-e¯v- sXm-gnÂ- \ãs¸« 4.-3 tIm-Sn- P\§Ä- ZoÀ-LIm-ew- sXm-gn-en-Ãm-¯hcmbn-cn-¡p-I F¶ A]ISIcam-b Øn-Xn-bn-tes¡¯p-sa¶m-Wv.8.- JÞn-I 3.5: aq-e[\w- aq-¶mw- hm-fy-¯nÂ- amÀ-Iv-kv- Fgp-Xn-bXp-t]m-se ""kaq-l¯nsâ tIheam-b D]t`m-Ktijw- am-{Xam-Wv- ]cn-[n- kr-ãn-¡p-¶Xv- F¶ a«nÂ- DÂ-]mZ\iàn-Isf hn-Ikn-¸n-¡m-\p-Å ap-Xem-fn-¯ DÂ-]m-Z\¯n-sâ \o-¡aà FÃm- {]XnkÔn-Ifp-sSbpw- BXy-´n-I Im-cWw.- FÃm-bv-t¸m-gpw- AXv- _lp-P\§fp-sS Zm-cn-{Zyhpw- ]cn-an-Xs¸Sp-¯n-b D]t`m-Khpw- BIp-¶p.-''9.- J-Þn-I- 3.-6: k_v-þss{]w- hm-bv-]IÄ -þ hm-bv-]- hm-§n-¡p-¶hsc {]tem-`n-¸n-¡p-¶Xn\p-th−n- BZyw- Aw-Ko-Ir-X \n-c¡p-Itf¡mÄ- Ip-dª ]en-i\n-c¡nÂ- hm-bv-]sImSp-¡p-Ibpw- ]n-¶o-Sv- DbÀ-¶ \n-c¡v- Cu-Sm-¡p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶ hm-bv-]Isfbm-Wv- k_vss{]w- hm-bv-]IÄ- F¶p- ]dbp-¶Xv.- Xn-cn-¨Shv- hy-hØIÄ- ]m-en-¨p-sIm-−p-t]m-Im³_p-²n-ap-«p-Å Bfp-IÄ-¡m-Wv- ap-Jy-am-bpw- C¯cw- hm-bv-]IÄ- A\p-hZn-¡p-¶Xv.AÃm-¯hbnÂ- hm-bv-]m- hn-]Wn-bn-te¡v- IS¶p-sN¿m³- Ign-bm-¯hÀ-¡v- hm-bv-]
e`y-am-¡p-¶Xn-\p-t±in-¨m-Wv- Cu- \S]Sn-{Iaw- Bcw-`n-¨Xv.10.- J-Þn-I- 3.-7: DÂ-]m-Z\s¯bpw- D]t`m-Ks¯bpw Ip-dn-¨v- Fgp-Xp-t¼mÄ- amÀ-Iv-kv]dªn-cn-¡p-¶p-: ""DÂ-]m-Z\w- Bhiy-s¯ Xr-]v-Xn-s¸Sp-¯p-¶ Hcp- hkv-Xp- {]Zm-\wsN¿p-I am-{XaÃ,- B hkv-Xp-hn-\v- Bhiyw- {]Zm-\w-sN¿p-I Iq-sS sN¿p-¶p-−v.- kzm`m-hn-I ]cp-¡\hØbp-sSbpw- AXym-hiy-¯n-sâbpw- {]m-Yan-I L«¯nÂ-\n-¶vD]t`m-Kw- cq-]w-sIm-Åp-t¼mÄ-Xs¶ þ AXv- B L«¯nÂ- \nÂ-¡p-s¶¦nÂ-- AXn\pIm-cWw- DÂ-]m-Z\s¯- Ahn-sS ]n-Sn-¨p-\nÀ-¯s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶Xm-Wv.- AXv- kz-bwCS\n-ebnÂ- \n-¶v- ap-t¶dm³- t{]cn-¸n-¡s¸Spw.- hkv-Xp-hn-\p-th−n- D]t`m-K¯n-\v- tXm-¶p-¶ Bhiys¯- cq-]s¸Sp-¯p-¶Xv- AXn-s\¡p-dn-¨p-Å Aht_m-[am-Wv.- HcpIem-cq-]w-þatäsXm-cp- DÂ-]¶t¯bpw-t]m-seþIesb¡p-dn-¨v- t_m-[ap-Åhcpw- kuµcym-kzm-ZIcp-am-b P\§sfbpw- kr-ãn-¡p-¶p-−v.- A§s\ DÂ-]m-Z\w- D]t`m-àmhn-\p-th−n- Hcp- DÂ-]¶s¯ kr-ãn-¡p-I am-{Xaà DÂ-]¶¯n-\p-th−n- D]t`m-àmhn-s\bpw- kr-ãn-¡p-¶p.- A§s\ DÂ-]m-Z\w- D]t`m-Ks¯ kr-ãn-¡p-¶p (1) AXn-\mhiy-am-b ]ZmÀ-°w-- kr-ãn-¨p-sIm-−v- (2) AXn-sâ D]t`m-Kco-Xn- \n-Ýbn-¨p-sIm-−pw(3) D]t`m-àm-hn-sâ Bhiy-¯n-\v- DXIp-¶hn-[¯nÂ- {]m-Yan-Iam-bpw- hkv-Xp- F¶
cq-]¯nÂ- DÂ-]¶§sf cq-]s¸Sp-¯n- \nÀ-½n-¨p-sIm-−pw- A§s\ AXv- D]t`m-K¯n\p-Å hkv-Xp-hn-s\bpw- D]t`m-Kco-Xn-tbbpw- D]t`m-K e£y-s¯bpw- DÂ-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p¶p.- ({Kq-−v-dokv- t]Pv- 92)
11. J-Þn-I- 3.-7 ^yq-¨dp-IÄ,- Hm-]v-j\p-IÄ,- hym-]m-c Ah[n- F¶n-h DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶ \ngÂ- [\Im-cy- D]IcW§fm-Wv- sUdn-thäo-hp-IÄ.- HcmÄ- Hm-lcn- hn-]Wn-bnÂ- HcpHm-lcn- hnÂ-¡p-Itbm- hm-§p-Itbm- sN¿p-¶p-sh¦nÂ- AXv- bYmÀ-° hym-]m-cam-Wv.F¶mÂ- Hcp- Hm-lcn- hm-§p-Itbm- hm-§m-Xn-cn-¡p-Itbm- sN¿m-\p-Å hcWm-[n-Im-cwhm-§p-Itbm- hnÂ-¡p-Itbm- sNbv-XmÂ- AXv- sUdn-thäo-hv- hym-]m-cam-Wv.- hn-iz-kn-¨mepw- Csæn-epw- B hcWm-[n-Im-cw hnÂ-¡p-¶bmÄ, B Hm-lcn-bp-sS DSaØ\m-bn-cn¡Wsa¶n-Ã.- AtXt]m-se hm-§p-¶bmÄ- B Hm-lcn-¡m-hiy-am-b ap-gp-h³- hn-ebpw\Â-IWsa¶n-Ã.- BtKm-f Nc¡v- ssIam-ä hn-]Wn-bnÂ- C¯c¯n-ep-Å Dul¡¨hSam-Wv- `£y- hkv-Xp-¡fp-tSbpw- F®bp-tSbpw- hn-eIÄ- A½m-\am-Sp-¶Xv.Cu- [\Im-cy- tImÀ-¸tdj\p-IÄ- Du-l hym-]m-c¯n-sâ A¯cw- D]IcW§sf
"sI«p-Ifm-¡n'- hnÂ-¡p-Ibpw- hm-§p-Ibpw- A§s\ BtKm-f [\hy-hØbp-am-bn-C¯cw- [\Im-cy- CS]m-Sp-Isf _Ô-s¸Sp-¯p-Ibpw- sN¿p-¶p.- AXn-\mÂ- Hcp- _m-¦vAXn-sâ hm-bv-]IÄ- Xn-cn-¨Sbv-¡m-¯Xn-\mÂ- XIcp-¶Xn-\p-]Icw- k_v-ss{]w- hm-bv]m- ho-gv-NIÄ- sam-¯w- [\Im-cy- hy-hØsb HSp-¡n- XIÀ-¨bn-te¡v- \bn-¨p.-
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2008 Ahkm-\w- kzn-äv-kÀeân-se _m-¦v- Hm-^v- CâÀ-\m-jWÂ- skänÂ-saâv-kvtem-I¯n-em-sIbp-Å sUdn-thäo-hv- Icm-dp-Ifp-sS ap-Jhn-ebm-bn- IW¡m-¡n-bXv- 680
e£w- tIm-Sn-- tUm-fdm-bn-cp-¶p.- 2002Â- CXv- 106 e£w- tIm-Sn-- tUm-fdm-bn-cp-¶p.- c−pZiIw- ap-¼v- CXv- \¡m-¸n-¨ kw-Jy-bv-¡p-ÅXm-bn-cp-¶p.- CXn-Â-\n-¶v- Du-l hym-]mc¯n-sâ `o-am-Im-cam-b hfÀ-¨ a\Ên-em-¡mw.- [\- {]iv\
- §fn-se A]IS km[y-X
XSp-¡m-\pw- ]cn-an-Xs¸Sp-¯m-\pam-Wv- kn-²m-´]cam-bn- CXp-sIm-−v- Dt±in-¨n-cp¶sX¦n-epw,-- Cu- Icm-dp-IÄ- AØn-cX hÀ-²n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw- bYmÀ-°¯nÂ- I¼\n-IÄF§s\bm-Wv- Ahbp-sS hn-e IW¡m-¡p-¶sX¶ kw-ib¯mÂ- A]IS km-[y-X
]c¯p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- Cu- \n-gÂ- k¼Zv-hy-hØ tem-I Pn-Un-]n-bp-sS (65 e£w- tImSn-- tUm-fÀ--) ]¯n-c«n- hep-Xpw- tem-I Hm-lcn- hn-]Wn-bn-se bYmÀ-° Hm-lcn- hym-]mc¯n-sâ (e£w- tIm-Sn-- tUm-fÀ-) Bdn-c«n-- hep-Xp-am-Wv.2007 P\p-hcn-bnÂ- tem-I¯v- ]cky- hym-]m-cw- \S¯p-¶ I¼\n-Ifp-sS sam-¯whn-]Wn- aq-e[\hÂ-¡cWw- 51.-2 e£w- tIm-Sn-- tUm-fdm-bn-cp-¶Xv- 2008 sk]v-Xw-_dnÂ40 e£w- tIm-Sn-- tUm-fdm-bn- Ip-dbp-¶Xn-\p-ap-¼v- 2008 sabnÂ- 57.-5 e£w- tIm-Sn-- tUmfdmbn- DbÀ-¶p-.- 2011 BKÌn-Â- tem-I hn-]Wn -aq-e[\hÂ-¡cWw-- 51.-61 e£w- tIm-Sn-tUm-fdm-Wv.- 2011 BKkv-Xn-se Hm-lcn- hcp-am-\ aq-eyw- 44.-47 e£w- tIm-Sn-- tUm-fdm-Wv.
2011 P\p-hcn- ap-XÂ- BKÌv-hscbp-Å \n-t£] Hgp-¡v- 15980 tIm-Sn-- tUm-fdm-Wv.C¯c¯n-em-Wv- km-{am-Py-Xz- BtKm-fhÂ-¡cWw- AXn-sâ em-t`mÂ-]m-Z\w- ]camh[n-bm-¡n-bXv.- AXv- 2008Â- Cu- Du-l¡p-an-f s]m-«m-\n-Sbm-¡n."aq-e[\'-¯nÂ- hy-hkm-b aq-e[\¯n-sâ DÛhw- kw-_Ôn-¨ A[ym-bwAhkm-\n-¸n-¨p-sIm-−v- amÀ-Iv-kv- ]dªp- ""ASn-ap-Sn- FÃm- tcm-aIq-]§fnÂ-\n-¶pwtNm-cbpw- Nehpw- Hen-¸n-¨p-sIm-−m-Wv- aq-e[\w- hcp-¶Xv.''- sXm-gn-em-fn-bpw- t{SUv- bqWn-b³- t\Xm-hp-am-b Sn- sP U®n-§nÂ-\n-¶p-Å Hcp- D²cWn- ASn-¡p-dn-¸m-bn- tNÀ¯p-sIm-−v- amÀ-Iv-kv- Cu- Bibs¯ _es¸Sp-¯p-¶p- (Xsâ hn-iIe\¯n-\v- Ønco-IcWw- \Â-Im³- amÀ-Iv-kv- sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifp-sS cN\IfnÂ-\n-¶pw- Ahcp-sS A\p`h§fnÂ-\n-¶pw- t_m-[]qÀ-Æw- D²cn-¡m-dp-−v-)- ""th−{X em-`w- e`n-¡p-sa¦nÂ- aqe[\w- GXv- km-lk¯n-\pw- X¿m-dm-hpw.- 10 iXam-\w- em-`w- Dd¸p-s−¦nÂ- AXv- FhnsSbpw- hy-hkm-bw- Øm-]n-¡pw-; 20 iXam-\w- em-`w- e`n-¡p-sa¦nÂ- AXv-AXym-{KlwD−m-¡pw-; 50 iXam-\am-Wv- em-`sa¦nÂ- F´v- A[n-I{]kw-K¯n-\pw- AXv- X¿m-dm-Ipw; 100 iXam-\w- em-`w- In-«p-sa¶p-s−¦nÂ- FÃm- am-\p-jn-I \n-ba§sfbpw- Nhn-«n-saXn¡m³-- AXv- X¿m-dm-Ipw.- 300 iXam-\w- em-`w- e`n-¡p-sa¦nÂ- Hcp- a\x-km-£n-¡p-¯pwIq-Sm-sX AXv- F´v- Ip-äIr-Xy-hpw- sN¿m³- X¿m-dm-Ipw-; th−n-h¶mÂ- kz-´wDSaØs\ Xq-¡n-s¡m-Ãm³-t]m-epw- AXv- aSn-¡n-Ã.-''J-Þn-I- 3.-12: tImÀ-¸tdj\p-IÄ-¡v- aq-e[\ k¶n-thi\w-,- IS_m-[y-Xbv-¡v- ]n-´p-W,aäp- [\Im-cy- hm-Kv-Zm-\§Ä- F¶n-hbv-¡m-bn- Atacn-¡³- Kh¬-saâv- am-{Xw- c£m\S]Sn-IÄ-¡m-bn- 12 e£w- tIm-Sn-- tUm-fdn-tesdbm-Wv- 2009 Xp-S¡¯nÂ- sNehgn-¨Xv.2007/2008Â- c£s¸Sp-¯Â- ]Wam-bn- Atacn-¡ sNehgn-¨ Xp-I ap-Jy-am-bn- ssI¸änb 9 [\Im-cy-Øm-]\§Ä- 5000 hcp-¶ Ahcp-sS hym-]m-cn-IÄ-¡pw- _m-¦À-am-cp-sS
t_m-Wkn-\¯n-epw-- 2008 Xp-S¡¯nÂ-Xs¶ Hm-tcm-cp-¯À-¡v- \Â-In-bXv- 10 e£wtUm-fdn-tesdbm-Wv.- GItZiw- 5000 hcp-¶ AhcnÂ- Hcp- sNdp-hn-`m-Kw- hy-hkmb§Ä- 500 tIm-Sn- tUm-fdn-tesd t_m-Wkm-bn- \Â-In-bn-cp-¶p.- tKmÄ-Uv-am-\nÂ- Iq-«mbn- 200 t]À-¡v- sam-¯w- 100 tIm-Sn- tUm-fdpw- tamÀ-K³- Ìm³-en-bnÂ- 57.-7 tIm-Sn-- tUmfÀ- 101 t]À-¡pw- ]¦p-sh¨p- \Â-Ip-Ibp-−m-bn.- Cu- 9 _m-¦p-IÄ-¡v- 8100 tIm-Sn-- tUmfÀ- \ãs¸«t¸mÄ- t_m-Wkn-\¯nÂ- c£s¸Sp-¯Â- ]Wam-bn- 32-60 tIm-Sn- tUmfÀIn-«n.- DZm-lcW¯n-\v- tamÀ-K³- Ìm³-en-bnÂ- 2008Â- In-«n-b \ã]cn-lm-cw- _m-¦n-sâ
em-`¯n-sâ Ggn-c«n-bn-tesdbm-bn-cp-¶p.- 2004þ05epw- Hm-lcn- hn-]Wn-IÄ- \¶m-bn\S¶n-cp-¶t¸mÄ- tamÀ-K³- Ìm³-en-- Ahcp-sS em-`¯n-sâ 2 Cc«n- am-{Xam-Wv- \ã]cnlm-cam-bn- sNehgn-¨Xv-.JÞn-Iþ3.-13.- 2010se am-\h hn-Ik\ dn-t¸mÀ-«p-{]Im-cw- BtKm-f- km-¼¯n-I {]XnkÔn-bp-sS {]Xym-Lm-X§Ä- CXm-Wv- ""em-än-\tacn-¡bn-epw- Ico-_n-bbn-epw- Pn-Un-]nhfÀ-¨ Ip-dªp.- Nn-en-bn-ep-w- saIv-kn-t¡m-bn-epw- s]dp-hn-epw- \nÀ-®m-bIam-b Ip-dhp−m-bn.- k_v- klm-d³- B{^n-¡bnÂ- 2008se 5 iXam-\¯n-tesd hfÀ-¨ 2009Â- 2
iXam-\am-bn- Ip-dsª¦n-epw- hfÀ-¨ \n-e\nÀ-¯n-.- hn-Ikn-X cm-Py-§fnÂ- hmÀ-jn-I
hfÀ-¨ 6 iXam-\\n-c¡nÂ-\n-¶v-þ 3.-4 iXam-\¯n-te¡v- 2009Â- Xm-gv-¶p.- bq-tdm-¸ntebpw- a[y- Gjy-bn-tebpw- Nn-e cm-Py-§fm-Wv- cq-£am-b BLm-X¯n-\v- hn-t[bam37
bXv.- ap³- tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-b\n-se Nn-e cm-Py-§fnÂ- 2008Â- 5 iXam-\w- hfÀ¨bp−m-bn-cp-¶Xv- 2009Â- 7 iXam-\w- Np-cp-§em-bn- am-dn.- Zm-cn-{Zyw- \nÀ-®m-bIam-b
tXm-XnÂ- hÀ-[n-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- 40 iXam-\w- cm-Py-§Ä- hfÀ-¨m- aµXsb A`n-ap-JoIcn-¨p.- Ch 2009Â- DbÀ-¶tXm-XnÂ- Zm-cn-{Zy-a\p-`hn-¨n-cp-¶hbpw- km-¼¯n-Iam-b
AØn-cX ]cn-lcn-¡p-¶Xn-\v- [\]ctam- hy-hØm-]ctam- Bb tijn-bn-Ãm-¯hbpam-bn-cp-¶p.ZoÀ-LIm-e hfÀ-¨ ap-cSn-¸n-¡p-¶hn-[¯nÂ- {]Xn-kÔn- ssiihacWhpw- t]mjIm-lm-c¡p-dhpw- hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-¶Xn-\n-Sbm-¡n-.- IW¡p-IÄ- hy-àam-¡p-¶Xv- B{^n¡bnÂ- Cu-bn-sSbp-−m-b [\ {]Xn-kÔn-bp-sS `m-Kam-bn- 30000 ap-XÂ- 50000 hsc Ip«n-IÄ- acn-¡m-\n-Sbp-s−¶m-Wv.- cq-£am-b ]«n-Wn- A\p-`hn-¡p-¶hcp-sS Iq-«¯nte¡v- 9 tIm-Sn-- t]À-Iq-sS Iq-«n-t¨À-¡s¸Sp-Ibpw- Ahcp-sS F®w- 100- tIm-Sn-bm-bnhÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- \n-ch[n- cm-Py-§fnÂ- `£y-elfIÄ- {]ISam-bn,- `£yhn-e¡bäw-sIm-−m-Wn-Xp-−m-bXv.- CXpw- {]Xn-kÔn-bp-sS {]Xym-Lm-X§fn-sem-¶m-bncp-¶p.14.- J-Þn-I- 3.-14: Xp-SÀ-¶p-Å ZiI§fnÂ- DÂ-]m-Z\£aXbn-ep-w- k¼¯n-epw- h³-tXmXn-ep-Å hÀ-[\hp-−m-bn-«pw- 2006Â- Atacn-¡bn-se kz-Im-cy- ImÀ-jn-tIXc sXm-gn-emfn-Ifp-sS bYmÀ-° thX\w- 1967teXn-\v- Xp-ey-am-bn-cp-¶p.- 2000þ07Â- Atacn-¡³k¼Zv- hy-hØbn-se DÂ-]m-Z\£aXm- hÀ-[\hv- 2.-2 iXam-\am-bn-cp-¶t¸mÄ- a[yØn-Xcp-sS aWn-¡qÀ- ASn-Øm-\ thX\ hÀ-²\hv- þ0.-1 iXam-\am-bn-cp-¶p.- Pn-Un-]nbp-sS iXam-\m-Sn-Øm-\¯nÂ- Iq-en-þi¼fw- sIm-Sp-¡Â- 1973se 52 iXam-\¯nÂ2005Â- 46 iXam-\am-bn- Ip-dªp.- F¶n-«pw- Cu- {]hWXbv-¡v- hn-cp-²am-bn- Cu- ImeL«¯n-se D]t`m-Kw- 1960Â- Pn-Un-]n-bp-sS 60 iXam-\am-bn-cp-¶Xv- 2007Â- 70 iXam\am-bn- hÀ-[n-¨p.15 J-Þn-I- 4.-3: s]âK¬- {]kn-²o-Icn-¨ Un-^³-kv- ¹m-\nw-Kv- ssKU³-kv- (Un-]n-Pn-)
F¶ X{´{][m-\ tcJbn-em-Wv- BZy-am-bn- Cu- Im-cyw- hn-iZo-Icn-¡s¸«Xv.- tem-I¯vAtacn-¡bp-sS Øn-c ta[m-hn-Xzw- Øm-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å X{´am-Wn-Xv.- AXnÂ- ]dbp¶p.- ""Hcp- ]p-Xn-b i{Xp- ho-−pw- DbÀ-¶p-hcp-¶Xv- XSbp-Ibm-Wv- R§fp-sS BZye£yw...- ap-¼v- tkm-hn-bäv- bq-Wn-b³- DbÀ-¯n-bn-cp-¶ shÃp-hn-fn-bp-sS tXm-Xn-ep-Å
H¶v.- \mw- (XoÀ-¨bm-bpw-) GsX¦n-epw-- i{Xp-iàn- Hcp- taJebnÂ- B[n-]Xyw-- ]p-eÀ¯p-¶Xv- XSbm³- {ian-¡Ww.- AXn-sâ hn-`h§Ä-- Zr-Vo-Icn-¡s¸« \n-b{´W¯n³Io-gnÂ-- BtKm-f iàn DÂ-]m-Zn-¸n-¡m³- aXn-bm-bn-cn-¡pw''.t^m-dn³- A^tbgv-kn-se Gsd ]cm-aÀ-in-¡s¸« teJ\¯nÂ-,- -2000þÂ-{]kn-U³dvsXcsªSp-¸p- {]Nm-cWIm-e¯v- tIm-−en-k ssdkv- Cu- \bw- {]Ncn-¸n-¨n-cp¶pþAXnÂ- AhÀ-- ]dbp-¶p.- ""ssN\ ]cn-lcn-¡s¸Sm-¯ aÀ-a{][m-\ XmÂ-]cy-§fpÅ Hcp- h³-iàn-bm-Wv.- hn-tijn-¨pw- Xm-bv-hm-s\ kw-_Ôn-¨v- Gjy-þ]k^n-IvtaJebn-se Atacn-¡bp-sS ]¦n-s\ kw-_Ôn-¨v- ssN\¡v- \o-ckap-−v''-.- Cu- ImcW§Ä-sIm-−v- AhÀ- ]dbp-¶p.- ""ssN\ Hcp- "XÂ-Øn-Xn'-- iàn-bÃ.- Gjy-bn-se
A[n-Im-c k´p-e\w- X§Ä-¡\p-Iq-eam-bn- am-äWsa¶m-{Kln-¡p-¶ Hcp- iàn-bmWhÀ.- AXp-Xs¶ Ahsc Hcp- X{´{][m-\ aÕcmÀ-Ynbm-¡n- am-äp-¶p.- ¢nâ¬`cWw- Hcn-¡Â- hn-fn-¨Xp-t]m-se ""X{´{][m-\ ]¦m-fn''-bà AhÀ.- Hcp- taJemiàn-bm-bn- ssN\- hfÀ-¶p-hcp-¶Xns\ XSbp-¶ X{´w- {]tbm-Kn-t¡−Xv AXy-´mt]£n-Xam-sW¶v- AhÀ- hm-Zn-¡p-¶p.- {]tXy-In-¨pw-""P¸m-\pw- sX¡³- sIm-dn-bbp-ambn- Atacn-¡ Ahcp-sS klIcWw- iàn-s¸Sp-¯p-Ibpw- Cu- taJebnÂ- iàam-b
ssk\n-I km-¶n-[yw- \n-e\nÀ-¯p-¶Xn-\v- {]Xn-_²X Im-Wn-¡p-Ibpw- thWw.- hm-jnwKv-S¬- Cu- taJebn-se k´p-en-Xm-hØ \n-e\nÀ-¯p-¶XnÂ- C´y-bp-sS ]¦n-s\
kkq-£v-aw- {i²n-¡p-Ibpw- Ah-sc ssN\o-kv- hn-cp-² kw-hn-[m-\¯n-te¡v- sIm-−phcn-Ibpw- thWw.Atacn-¡bnÂ- 9/11sâ `o-Icm-{IaW¯n-\p-tijw- Cu- \b]cam-b Zn-im- t_m-[wIq-Sp-XÂ- iàn-s¸«p.- \½p-sS ]mÀ-Sn- tIm¬-{Kkv- {]tab§Ä- ZÀ-in--¨Xp-t]m-se IayqWn-k¯n-s\Xn-cm-b bp-²w- F¶ ioXIm-e ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw-- `o-IcXbv-s¡Xn-cm-b BtKmfbp-²w-sIm-−v- {]Xn-kv-Ym-]n-¡s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p.- B{IaWw- XSbm-\p-Å bp-²sa¶vX{´{][m-\ kn-²m´w- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨p--sIm-−v- _p-jv- {]Jym-]n-¨p.- ""R§Ä- R§fp-sS
i{Xp-¡Ä-s¡Xn-cm-bn- AhÀ-- R§fp-sS cm-Py-¯v- F¯p-¶Xn-\v- Im-¯p-\nÂ-¡m-sX
38
hn-tZi¯p-sh¨v- bp-²w-sN¿pw.- R§Ä- tem-I¯mÂ- cq-]s¸Sp-¯s¸Sm³--Im-¯p-\n¡p-IbÃ,- R§Ä- AXn-s\ cq-]s¸Sp-¯p--¶Xn-\m-Wv- {ian-¡p-¶Xv.''16.- J-Þn-I- 4.-3: C¶v- tem-I¯n-se 132 cm-Py-§fn-em-bn- Atacn-¡bv-¡v- 702 ssk\n-I
tI{µ§fp-−v.- Ahcp-sS ssIhiw- ]Xn-\m-bn-ct¯m-fw- kPohhpw- {]hÀ-¯\£ahpam-b BWhm-bp-[§fp-−v.- CXnÂ- 2000 F®w- hfsc s]s«¶v- hn-t£]n-¡p-¶Xn-\vkZm- kÖam-bn-«p-ÅXm-Wv-.- _p-jv- `cWIm-e¯v- At±l¯n-sâ ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-an-Xm-bn-cp¶p ""Atacn-¡ bp-²ap-J¯m-Wv'-'-.- AXm-Wv- Atacn-¡³- \b¯nÂ- ta[m-hn-Xzw- hln¨n-cp-¶Xv.- CXv- kzm-`m-hn-Iam-bpw- Ahcp-sS ssk\n-I sNehp-IÄ- Ip-Xn-¨p-bcp-¶Xn-\nSbm-¡n.- 1989Â- Atacn-¡bp-sS ssk\n-Is¨ehv- 30408 tIm-Sn- - tUm-fdm-bn-cp-¶p.1999Â- CXv- 280-96 tIm-Sn- tUm-fdm-bn- Ip-dªp.- F¶mÂ- Ct¸m-gXv- 1.-14 e£w- tIm-Sn-tUm-fdm-bn- Ip-Xn-¨p-bÀ-¶ncn-¡p-¶p.- io-X bp-²m-hkm-\¯nÂ- Atacn-¡bp-sS ssk\nI sNehv- tem-I¯n-se sam-¯w- ssk\n-I sNehn-sâ 36 iXam-\hpw- tkm-hn-bäv- bqWn-btâXv- 23.-1 iXam-\hp-am-bn-cp-¶p.- 2008 Hm-sS Atacn-¡bp-sS ssk\n-Is¨ehvtem-I ssk\n-Is¨ehn-sâ 41.-5 iXam-\am-bn- DbÀ-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.17. J-Þn-I- 4.-3: io-Xbp-²m-\´cIm-es¯ tem-ItaÂ-t¡m-bv-a Øm-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\v- e£yan-«p-sIm-−p-Å ""]p-Xn-b Atacn-¡³- iXI¯n-\v-''- th−n-bp-Å ]²Xn-bp-sS ap-JyLSIam-Wv- \m-täm-- hn-Ik\w.- sam-¯w- tKm-fs¯ DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¡p-¶Xn-\m-bn- \m-tämbp-sS {]Jym-]\w- hn-Ikn-¸n-¨p.- km-{am-Py-Xz- taÂ-t¡m-bv-a ap-t¶m-«p- sIm-−p-t]m-Ip¶Xn-\p-Å cm-{ão-b kp-c£m- hm-l\am-bn- AXn-s\ A§s\ cq-]s¸Sp-¯n.- 1994Â- apJy-am-bn- c−p- e£y-§fp-Å X{´]cam-b Hcp- kn-²m-´w- AXv- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨p-.- H¶mat¯Xv- \m-täm-hn-te¡v- ap³- tkm-hn-bäv- dn-¸»n-¡p-Itfbpw- In-g¡³- bq-tdm-]y³- cmPy-§sfbpw- hen-¨Sp-¸n-¡p-¶Xm-bn-cp-¶p.- c−m-at¯Xv- `o-jWn-bp-s−¶v- tXm-¶nbmÂ- AXn-s\ ASn-Øm-\s¸Sp-¯n- tem-I¯n-sehn-sSbpw- - ""BZyw- ssk\nI- iànD]tbm-Kn-¡p-hm-\p-Å'-' AhIm-iw- AXn-\v- \Â-Ip-I F¶ kz-bw- {]Jym-]n-X e£y-ambn-cp-¶p.(18) JÞnI 4.4: Ata-cn¡ AXn-\m-h-iy-amb {IqUv Hmbn-ensâ 51 iX-am-\hpw Ct¸mÄCd¡p-aXn- sN¿p-¶p.- {]Xn-Zn\w 195 -e£w _mcÂ.- F\ÀPn C³^Àta-j³ AUvan-\nkvt{S-jsâ aXn-¸p- IW¡v- 2020 HmsS Ata-cn¡ AXn-\m-h-iy-am-b-Xnsâ 64 iX-am\w
{IqUv HmbnÂ-þ-{]-Xn-Zn\w 258 -e-£w _mc þ Cd-¡p-aXn sNt¿-−-Xmbn hcpw F¶mWv. temI-¯n Xs¶ aq¶m-as¯ henb (]-Sn-ªm-d³ ssk_o-cn-b, t]Àjy³ DÄ¡SÂ- F¶n-hbv¡v ]n¶nÂ) F® tiJ-c-amWv Imkv]n-b³ taJ-e-bn-te-Xv. hcp¶
]¯n-cp-]Xv sImÃ-¯n-\p-Ån AXn\v t]Àjy³ DÄ-¡SÂ- {]tZis¯ ]n´-Åm-hp¶-hn[w hep-Xm-hm-\m-Ipw. Cu taJ-e-bnse GI sslt{Um ImÀ_¬ tiJ-c-aÃ
Imkv]n-b³ IS-ense F® þ hmXI tiJ-cw XpÀ¡vsa\n-Øm-\nse Icm¡pw acp`qanbnemWv temIs¯ aq¶m-as¯ hen-b {]Ir-Xn-hm-XI tiJ-c-ap-Å-Xv. aq¶v e£wtIm-Sn- Iyq_nIv aoäÀ hcpw AXv. IqSmsX 600 tIm-Sn- _mc F® tiJ-c-hp-ap-−v.
Ct¸mÄ e`y-amb IW-¡p-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu h³ hmXI tiJ-c-¯n\v ]pdsa
Imkv]n-b-³ ka-X-e-¯n 20,-000 tIm-Sn- _m-cÂ- F® tiJ-c-ap-−m-Im-sa-¶m-Wv.
Aem-kvIm hS¡³ Ncp-hn IW-¡m-¡-s¸-«n-«p-f-f-Xnsâ 33 Cc«n hcp¶ CXn\v
Ct¸m-gs¯ hne \mev e£w- tIm-Sn- tUmfÀ hcpw. hcp¶ aq¸tXm AXn-e-[n-Itam
hÀjs¯ Ata-cn-¡-bpsS DuÀÖm-h-iy-§Ä \nd-th-äp-¶-Xn\v AXv aXn-bm-hpw. Cu
F® tiJ-c-§-fpsS km¶n-[yhpw AXnsâ Ib-äp-aXn km[y-X-Ifpw Ata-cn-¡¡pw
]Sn-ªm-d³ hymh-km-bnI iàn-IÄ¡pw ]pXnb X{´-{]-[m-\-amb DÂI-WvT-IÄ
DWÀ¯p¶p.- F®-I-¼-\n-IÄ P¸m\pw ]Sn-ªm-d³ cmPy-§Ä¡pw hnX-cWw sN¿p¶-Xn-\mbn Im¡-kknÂ-\n-¶pw- at[yjybnÂ-\n-¶pw- ss]¸v sse\p-IÄ Øm]n-¡pt¼mÄ Cu X{´-{]-[m\ DÂI-WvT-IÄ ssk\nI hnh-£-IÄ IqSn- t\Sp-¶p.
A^vKm-\n-Øms\ kw_-Ôn¨ 2000 Unkw-_-dnse Ata-cn-¡³ Kh¬saânsâ
F\ÀPn C³^Àta-j³ hkvXpXm tcJ C§s\ ]d-bp¶p: ""DuÀÖm-[n-jvTnX \ne]m-Sn \n¶p-sIm−v A^vKm-\n-Ømsâ {]m[m\yw t\m¡n-bm at[y-jy-bnÂ\n¶v
Atd-_y³ IS-en-te¡v F®-þ-{]-IrXn hmXI Ib-äp-aXn \S-¯p-¶-Xn\v Gähpw ]änb
IS¯p-hgn-bn--emWv AXnsâ `q]-c-amb In-S¸v- F¶v ImWmw.''
Imkv]n-b³ kap-{Z-ta-J-e-bn 4 e£w- tIm-Sn- tUmf-dnsâ F®þ{]-IrXn hmXI
tiJ-c-apÅXmbn IW-¡m-¡n-bn-«p-−v. Ata-cn¡sb kw_-Ôn-t¨-S-t¯mfw Imkv]nb³ t]mse X{´-{]m-[m-\y-apÅ asämcp taJ-ebpw C¶p- DbÀ¶p h¶n-«n-Ã.
39
(19) JÞnI 4.4: A^vKm\n-kv-Ym-\n-se bp-²-¯n-sâbpw Ata-cn-¡bp-sS A^v-]m--Iv- \b¯n-sâbpw aÀ-aw- CXm-Wv. Fs´m-s¡-bm-bmepw ""`oI-c-X-s¡-Xn-cmb bp²-''-sa¶
ap{Zm-hm-Iy-¯n\v CXv- -km-[pX tXSp-¶p. Ata-cn-¡-bnse F® `oa-·m-cpsS XmÂ]-cy§Ä apt¶m«v sIm−v t]mIp-¶Xn-\pw- iX-tIm-Sn-¡-W-¡n\v tUmfÀ t\Sm-hp¶
F®-þ-{]-IrXn hmX-I Ib-äp-aXn ss]¸v sse\p-I-fpsS Atd_y³- ISÂ-hscbp-Å
kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-¸m-¡-p-¶Xn-\pw- Cu taJ-e-bnse hn`-h§
- -fp-sStaÂ- ^e-{]-Z-amb
\nb-{´Ww Øm]n-¡-p-¶Xn-\pw- Ata-cn¡³ km{am-Py-Xz-¯n\v GIo-Ir-X A^vKm-\nØm-\nse Kh¬saâns\ ià-amb kJy-iàn Bt¡−Xv- Bhiy-am-Wv- F¶phyà-am-Wv.(20) JÞnI 4.12: DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v h³InS tImÀ¸-td-j-\mb ssSw ap¼v hnt\mZ hyhkmb `oa-\mb hmÀ\À {_tZ-gvkn ebn-¨p. hnhc hn\n-ab `oa-\mb Ata-cn-¡³
Hm¬ sse³ enanäUv (F.-H.-FÂ-) Ct¸mÄ 16.-4 tIm-Sn- tUmf-dn\v ssSw hmÀ\sd GsäSp-¡p-Ibpw temI-¯nse Xs¶ Gähpw henb sF.-kn.C k©bw- Bhp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. dqs¸À«v aÀtZmIv 6800 tIm-Sn- tUmfÀ hne-a-Xn-¡p¶ Hcp kwbpà hmÀ¯mþ-hn-t\mZ -þ -CâÀs\äv kwcw-`s¯ \nb-{´n-¡p-¶p. AtX-t]mse hmÄ«v Unkv\n
Ct¸mÄ amÀshen (kvss]-UÀam\m {]kn-²-am-b-Xv) s\ Gsä-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶p. Ahniz-k-\o-b-amb tXmXn-epÅ em`w t\Sn-s¡m-−v kmwkvIm-cnI DÂ]-¶-§Ä kmÀÆ{Xn-I-am-bn-Xs¶ \nÀ½n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. CubnsS 2011
P\p-h-cn-bn-emWv tImwImÌv tImÀ]v F³.-_n.kn bqWn-th-gvk-ens\ Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶Xv
]qÀ¯n-bm-¡n-b-Xv. X·qew 3000 tIm-Sn- tUmf-dnsâ Hcp am[ya _lp-apJ `oa³ cq]s¸-Sp-Ibpw AXv sSen-hn-j³ {]ZÀ-i\§tfbpw- kn\n-a-I-tfbpw \nÀ-an-¡p-¶Xn-s\
am{X-aà Ct¸mÄ P\-§fp-sS ho-Sp-Ifn-te¡v- Ah hn-XcWw- sN¿p-¶Xn-s\bpw- \nb{´n-¡p-¶p.- Ata-cn-¡-bn hoUn-tbmbpw CâÀs\äv dkn-U³jy kÀÆokpw
\ÂIp-¶-Xn H¶m-a-\mb tImw ImÌv (AhÀ¡v 230 e-£-¯n-tesd hoUntbm D]tbm-àm-¡fpw GXm−v 170 -e£w CâÀs\äv D]-tbm-àm-¡fpw D−v.) P\-d CeIv{SnIv I¼-\n-bn \n¶v F³.-_n.kn bqWn-th-gvk-ensâ 51 iX-am\w Hml-cn-IÄ
Gäp-hm-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ct¸mÄ ]pXn-b-Xmbn cq]o-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«pÅ kwbpà
kwcw`w F³.-_n.kn bqWn-th-gvk FÂ.-FÂ.kn F¶m-W-dn-bs
- ¸-Sp-¶-Xv. AXnsâ
BkvXn-I-fn F³.-_n.kn kwt{]-jW \ne-b-§Ä, {_mthm, bp.-F-kv.-F & C F¶o
tI_nÄ Nm\-ep-IÄ, bqWn-th-gvk aqhn ÌpUn-tbm F¶-n-hbpw- Xow ]mÀ¡p-Ifpwaäv- BkvXn-Ifpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶p.
C´y³ ]Ým-¯-e-¯n \n¶pÅ Nne DZm-l-c-W-§Ä:
dne-b³kv A\n [ocp-`mbv Aw_m\n {Kq¸nsâ ]qÀ® DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ Hcp klØm-]-\-amWv dne-b³kv FâÀsSbn³saâv (ap¼v CXv dne-b³kv _nKv FâÀsS-bv³saâv
F¶mWv And-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶-Xv)-. am[y-aw, hnt\mZhyh-km-bw, AXnsâ DÅ-S¡w hnX-cWw
XpS-§nb thZn-I-fpsS Imcy-§-fm-WXv ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶-Xv. kn\n-a-IÄ, kwKo-Xw,
kvt]mÀSvkv, sKbvanw-Kv, CâÀs\-äv, samss_ t]mÀ«-ep-IÄ F¶n-h-bn-seÃmw \nÀ®mbI DÅ-S¡ ap³ssI-bpÅ Cu Øm]\w DbÀ¶p-h-cp¶ UnPn-ä kn\n-a, sF.-]n.Sn.-hn,
Un.-Sn.-F-¨v, samss_ Sn.-hn, apX-emb UnPn-äÂ- hnX-cW thZn-I-fn-seÃmw hnX-c-W-¯n\v
t\cn-«pÅ Ah-k-c-§Ä t\Sp-¶-Xn hnP-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. ^nenw t{]mkknw-Kv, DÂ]m-Z-\w,
{]ZÀi-\w, UnPn-ä kn\na XpS-§nbhbn-seÃmw XmÂ]-cy-§-fpÅ C´y-bnse Gähpw
henb FâÀsS-bv³saâv I¼-\n-I-fn-sem-¶mb AUvem_v ^nenwkv enan-ä-Uns\ 2005 Â
dne-b³kv F.Un.F {Kq¸v Gsä-Sp-¯p.
2007 s^{_p-hcn 28 \v cmPy-s¯m-«msI 12 tdUntbm tÌj-\p-I-fp-ÅXpw C´y-bnse
Gähpw henb kzImcy F^v.Fw tdUntbm s\ävhÀ¡v DÅXpw 45 tÌj-\p-I-sf tee¯n t\Sn-b-Xp-amb Øm]-\-amWv _nKv 92.7 F^v.-Fw.- _nKv kn\n-amkv BWv C´ybnse Gähpw henb kn\n-am-irw-J-e. AhÀ¡v C´y, Ata-cn-¡, ate-jy, s\XÀemâvkv
F¶n-hn-S-§-fn 516 tesd kv{Io\p-I-fp-−v. Cu irwJe 350 -e-£-¯n-tesd D]-tbm-àm¡Ä-¡v- tkh\w- \Â-Ip-¶p.C´y-bnse ^n-enw- {]ZÀ-i\¯n-sâ Im-cy-¯nÂ- 253
kv{Io\p-Ifpw h³ kn\n-a-I-fpsS t_mIv-kv- Hm-^o-kv- hcp-am-\¯n-sâ 10 apXÂ 15 hsc
iX-am\w hsc t\Sp-¶ _nKv kn\n-amkv ^nenw {]ZÀi-\-¯n C´y-bn \mb-I-Øm\w
t\Sn-sb-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶p.
C´y-bnse D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m-Xn-cp¶ hoUntbm hmSI hn]Wn h³tXm-Xn apX-seSp¯p sIm−v I¼\n _nKv ^vfnIvkns\ Gsä-Sp-¡p-Ibpw IqSp-X hnI-k\w Bcw-`n-¡p40
Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p. 2008 G{]n-en Imen-t^mÀWn-b-bnse _À_m¦v tI{µ-ambn
{]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Un.-Sn.-Fkv UnPn-ä Cta-Pkv F¶ ^nenw sdtÌm-td-j³ I¼\n dneb³kv _nKv FâÀ sSbv³saân-s\ Gsä-Sp-¯p. 2009 Pqsse 15 \v dne-b³kv _nKv FâÀ
sSbv³saâpw Ìo^³ kv]nÂ_ÀKpw 82.-5 tIm-Sn- tUmf-dnsâ Hcp kwbpà kwcw-`-s¯¡p-dn¨v {]Jym-]n-¡p-I-bp-−m-bn. knwK-]q-cn Pohn-¡p¶ P\-§-fn 8 iX-am\w t]À
C´y-¡m-cm-sW¶ Imcyw IW-¡n-se-Sp-¯p-sIm−v CubnsS 92.7 _nKv F^v.Fw Hcp
tdUntbm tÌj³ AhnsS Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xmbn {]Jym-]n-¨p. 2010 P\p-hcn 15 \v Fw.-Pn.-Fw.
tee-¯n dne-b³kv tNÀ¶-Xmbn hmÀ¯ h¶n-cp-¶p. 2010 G{]n 5 \v tImUvamtÌgvkn 50 iX-am\w Hmlcn AhÀ t\Sn-sb-Sp-¯p.
2012 P\p-hcn 3 \v Sn.hn 18 {Kq¸nsâ s\ävhÀ¡v 18 ambn DÅ DS-¼Sn kw_-Ôn¨
{]Jym-]\w \S-¯p--t¼mÄ dne-b³kv Cu\mSv {Kq¸nsâ {]mtZ-inI Sn.hn Nm\-ep-I-fnÂ
2600 tIm-Sn- cq] \nt£-]n-¨n-cp-¶p. A©v C.-Sn.hn {]mtZ-inI hmÀ¯m Nm\-ep-I-fnepw
A©v C.-Sn.hn s]mXp-hn-t\mZ Nm\-ep-I-fnepw dne-b³kn\v 100 iX-am\w km¼-¯nI
XmÂ]-cy-ap-−v. C.-Sn.hn sXep-¦nepw C.-Sn.hn sXep¦v \yqknepw AhÀ¡v 49 iX-am\w
km¼-¯nI XmÂ]-cy-ap-−v.
(21) JÞnI 5.1: ]Xn-\memw tIm¬{Kkv {]tabw ]d-bp-¶p. ""2.22 Cu \qäm-−n apX-emfn¯w tImSn-¡-W-¡n\v a\p-jy-cpsS Poh³ A]-l-cn¨ Incm-X-amb c−v bp²-§-fnte¡v am\h kaq-ls¯ XÅn-bn-«p. X§-fpsS arKo-b-amb ta[m-hnXzw sIm«n-tLmjn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn AXv BWhm-bp-[-§Ä DÂ]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw hn\m-i-I-c-amb {]XymLm-X-§-fp-f-hm-¡nb Hcp BWhmbp[ ]´-b-¯n-te¡v temIs¯ hen-¨n-g-¡p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. tkmjy-en-k-¯n-te-¡pÅ am\hcm-in-bp-sS ap-t¶äs¯ XSªp \nÀ¯m\mbn \nc-h[n bp²-§-fn GÀs¸« AXv kzX-{´-cm-Py-§-fpsS B`y-´c Imcy-§fnen--S-s]-Sp-I-bpw, sIm-«m-c hn-¹h§Ä- kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw, X§-fpsS XmÂ]cyw
kwc-£n-¡p¶ ]n´n-cn-¸³ þ tkzÑm-[n-]-Xn hm-gv-N-Isf Ah-tcm-[n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
^mknÌv GIm-[n-]Xy§Ä- AXnsâ Gähpw IncmX cq]w- shfn-hm-¡n.
""2.23 CXn \n¶v hyXy-kvX-am-bn, \nc-h[n cmPy-§-fn A[zm-\n-¡p¶ P\§Ä¡v tZio-b-amb ASn-¨-aÀ¯Â t\cn-Sm-sXbpw Nqj-W-¯n \n¶v hnap-àambpw Pohn-¡m-\pÅ Ah-kcw krjvSn-¡pI hgn tkmjy-enÌv hn¹-h-§fpw tZiob
hntam-N\ t]mcm-«-§fpw kwkvIr-Xn¡v Iq-Sp-XÂ- k¼-¶-amb DÄIm¼v \ÂIn. tZiob-hpw- þ-km-aq-lyhp-am-b -hn-tam-N-\-¯n-te-¡pÅ am\h hnIm-k-¯nsâ `mhn-]m-Xsb
Ct¸mgpw AXn-sâ BLm-Xw- sh«n-Xp-d¶p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶p.- F¶m hfsc ZoÀL-ambXpw k¦oÀW-hpw, hfhv Xnc-hp-IÄ \nd-ª-Xp-am-bn-cn¡pw Cu {]{Inb F¦nepw
Cu bp-K¯nsâ ASn-Øm\ Znim-t_m[w apX-em-fn-¯-¯n \n¶v tkmjy-en-k-¯nte-¡pÅ ]cn-hÀ¯\w Xs¶-bmbn XpS-cp-¶p''-.
(22) JÞnI 5.5 \½psS ]Xn-\memw tIm¬{Kkv {]tabw Nq−n-¡m-Wn¨p:
""2.24 F¶mÂ, ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯n-tâ-XmWv Cu Ime-L-«-sa¶v ]d-bp-t¼mÄ apX-emfn¯w DS-\Sn XIÀ¶p a®-Sn-bp-sa¶pw tkmjy-enkw temI-s¯-¼mSpw hnP-bs¡mSn \m«p-sa-¶p-apÅ AXn-efn-X [mcW Xncp-¯-s¸-tS−XmWv. hÀK-k-aq-l-¯nÂ
\n¶v hÀK-c-lnX kaq-l-¯n-te-¡pÅ ]cn-hÀ¯\ Ime-L-«-amb tkmjy-enkw
temI-hym-]-I-ambn Htc-k-abw apX-em-fn-¯hpw tkmjy-en-khpw \o−-Imew \ne\n¡p-sa¶v AÀ°-am-¡p-¶p. Nqj-Wm-[n-jvTn-X-amb apX-em-fn¯ hyhØ \ne\nÀ¯m³ sh¼ÂsIm-Åp¶ {]Xn-hn-¹h iàn-Ifpw am\h kaq-ls¯ hntam-Nn-¸n¡m³ {]Xn-Úm-_-²-amb hn¹-h-i-àn-Ifpw X½n-epÅ \nc-´c ka-c-¯nsâ Ime-L«-am-W-Xv. Cu \nc-´c kacw temI-hym-]-I-ambpw tkmjy-enÌv cmPy-§Ä¡-I¯pw
\S-¡p-¶p.
""5.3 (2) F¶mÂ, sXmgn-emfn hÀK kÀhm-[n-]-Xy-¯nsâ cq]-§Ä AN©etam
amä-§Ä¡v hnt[-b-a-Ãm-¯tXm AÃ. tkmjy-enÌv kaqlw hfÀ¶p-h-cp-¶-tXmsS
Cu cq]-§Ä amdn-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-¶Xpw hyXy-kvX-hp-amb L«-§-fn-eqsS IS-¶p-t]m-Ip¶-Xp-am-Wv.
""5.3 (3) Hcp Zibn \n¶v asäm-¶n-te¡v kw{I-an-¡m-\pÅ Ign-hns\ \nÀW-bn¡p-¶Xv B`y-´-chpw kmÀh-tZ-io-b-hp-amb hÀK-i-àn-I-fpsS _em-_-ehpw
AXnsâ icn-bmb hne-bn-cp-¯-ep-am-Wv. km{am-PyXz CS-s]-S-en-tâbpw B`y-´c bp²¯n-tâbpw \h-PmX tkmjy-en-ks¯ \in-¸n-¡m-\pÅ c−pw- IÂ-]n-¨p-Å {ia-§-fptSbpw ]Ým-¯-e-¯n sXmgn-emfnhÀK kÀhm-[n-]-Xy-¯n\v {]Xn-hn-¹-hs¯ ASn-¨41
aÀ-¯p-Ibpw Nqj-I-i-àn-Isf \nÀ½mÀÖ\w sN¿p-Ibpw th−n h¶p. CXn-\v- `cW-Iq-S-¯nsâ tI{µo-IrX cq]w Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-¶p. Hcp Bkq-{XnX k¼-Zvhy-hØ
sI«n-¸-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\pw AXm-h-iy-am-bn-cp-¶p. F¶mÂ, Cu L«w Ign-bp-Ibpw tkmjyenÌv hyh-Øbpw `c-W-Iq-Shpw Zr-Vam-Ip-Ibpw- hÀ-K iàn-I-fpsS _em-_ew AXn\-\p-Iq-e-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNbvX-t¸mÄ P\m-[n-]-Xys¯ hn]p-eo-I-cn-¡m\pw ]pXnb
ap³ssI-IÄ¡pap-Å
Ah-k-c-§Ä
DbÀ¶p-h-¶p.
\nÀ`m-Ky-h-imÂ,
bmYmÀ°ys¯¡pdn-¨pÅ sXämb hne-bn-cp-¯ep-IÄ- `c-W-N{Iw Xncn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
]gb coXn-IÄ ]n¶o-SpÅ Ime-L-«-¯nepw XpS-cp-¶-Xn-\n-S-bm-¡n. tkmjy-enÌv P\m[n-]-Xy-¯nsâ ]c¸pw Bghpw hÀ²n-¸n-¡m\pw P\-Iob ]¦m-fn¯w hn]p-e-am-¡m-\papÅ km[yX ]qÀ-Wam-bn- bm-YmÀ-Xv-Yy-am-¡p-¶XnÂ- hogvN hcp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw hÀ²n¨p-h-cp¶ DtZym-K-Ø-ta-[m-hn-Xzw, tkmjy-enÌv \oXn-bpsS ewL-\w, hyàn-bpsS
kzmX-{´ys¯bp-w tam-N\s¯bpw- ASn-¨-aÀ¯Â F¶nh t]mepÅ sshI-ey§Ä¡pw CS-bm-¡n. sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK kÀhm-[n-]Xy cq]-¯nsâ DbÀ¶ ZiIfn-te¡v
\o§pI F¶p ]d-ªm tkmjy-enÌv P\m-[n-]-Xys¯ ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn k¼-¶-am-¡em-Wv.
""5.3 (6) Hmtcm tkmjy-enÌv cmPy-¯n-sebpw aqÀ¯-amb kw`-h-hn-Im-k-§Ä¡v
A\p-tbm-Py-amb hn[-¯n cq]-§Ä \nc-´cw amdn-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ hnhn[
tkmjy-enÌv cmPy-§Ä¡v Ch H¶m-I-W-sa-¶n-Ã, H¶m-Im³ km[y-hp-a-Ã. Hcp
tkmjy-enÌv cmPy¯v Dcp-¯n-cn-ªp-h-cp¶ sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK kÀhm-[n-]-Xy-¯nsâ
\nb-X-amb cq]w B cmPys¯ aqÀ¯-amb kmaq-ln-I-þ-km-¼-¯nI ØnXn-K-Xn-Isfbpw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ]Ým-¯-e-s¯bpw B{i-bn-¨n-cn-¡pw. "`c-W-Iq-Shpw hn¹-hhpw'
F¶ {KÙ-¯n se\n³ hyà-ambn ]d-ªn-«p−v. ""_qÀjzm `c-W-Iq-S-§-fpsS cq]§Ä Gsd sshhn-[y-amÀ¶-Xm-Wv. ]s£, Ah-bpsS A´-ʯ H¶p-X-s¶-bm-Wv.
Cu `c-W-Iq-S-§-sfÃmw Ah-bpsS cq]-sa-´p-X-s¶-bm-bmepw Ah-km\ hni-I-e-\¯n A\n-hm-cy-ambn _qÀjzm-kn-bpsS kÀhm-[n-]-Xy-am-Wv. apX-em-fn-¯-¯nÂ\n¶v
I½yq-Wn-k-¯n-te-¡pÅ ]cn-hÀ¯\w cmjv{Sob cq]-§-fpsS Imcy-¯n Gsd kar-²n-bpwsshhn[yhp-w ImWn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡pI h¿. F¶mÂ, k¯ A\n-hm-cy-ambn H¶p-X-s¶-bmbn-cn-¡pwþ sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK kÀhm-[n-]-Xyw.''
(23) JÞnI 5.6: tkmhn-bäv bqWn-bsâ XIÀ¨-bn-te¡p \bn¨ AXnsâ tkmjy-enÌv
\nÀ½mW {]{Inbbnse hogvN-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ \½psS \ne-]mSv \½psS ]Xn\memw tIm¬{Kkv {]ta-b-¯n \ÂIn-bn-cp-¶p. {]ta-b-¯nsâ JÞnI 5.1 apXÂ
5.6.4 hsc hni-Z-ambn Cu hogvN-Isf hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw C§s\ D]kw-lcn-¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ""tkmjy-en-k-¯n³-Io-gnÂ- `c-W-Iq-S-¯nsâ hÀK-kz-`m-h-¯nsâ
{]hÀ¯-\w, tkmjy-enÌv P\m-[n-]Xys¯ iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶Xv AKm-[am-¡p-¶XpwF¶o taJe-I-fnse sshI-ey-§Ä,km¼-¯nI amt\-Pvsaânsâ coXn-I-fnÂ
X¡kab¯v- amä-§Ä hcp-¯p-¶-Xn\p- Ign-bm-bv-I,- hn¹-h-]-c-amb [mÀ½n-I-X-bpsS
\ne-hmcw CSn-ª-Xv, Bi-b-cw-Ks¯ Kpcp-X-c-amb ]m-fn-¨IÄ- F¶nh ]mÀSnbnÂ\n¶pw `c-W-Iq-S-¯nÂ\n¶pw P\-§Ä IqSp-X IqSp-X AI-ep-¶-Xn-\pÅ
ASn-¯-d ]m-In. CXv cmPy-¯n-\-I¯pw ]pd-¯p-apÅ {]Xn-hn-¹h iàn-IÄ¡v
tkmjy-en-ks¯ ]dn-¨p-I-f-bm³ Iq«mbn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Ah-kcw \ÂIn.''
(24) JÞnI 6.4: se\n³, kam-lrX IrXn-IÄ, hmeyw 33, t]Pv 38 Du¶Â Iq«n-t¨À-¯Xv. se\n³ XpSÀ¶p ]dªp: ""tkmjy-en-k-hp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ apX-emfn¯w t¾Ñ-am-W.v F¶m a[y-Ime ]cn-Xx-Øn-Xnbpw sNdp-InS DÂ-¸m-Z-\hpw sNdp-InS
D¸m-Z-IÀ Nn-¶n-Nn-Xdp-t¼mÄ- AXnÂ-\n-¶v- DbÀ¶p-h-cp¶ DtZym-KØ Zpjv{]-`p-Xz¯nsâ Xn·-I-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ apX-em-fn¯w Hc-\p-{K-l-am-Wv. sNdpInS D¸m-Z-\-¯nÂ\n¶v t\cn«v tkmjy-en-k-¯n-se-¯p-hm³ \ap¡v Ign-bm-¯-Xpt]m-se-Xs¶, sNdp-InS D¸m-Z-\-¯n-sâbpw hn\n-a-b-¯n-sâbpw {]mY-anI krjvSn
F¶ \ne-bn A¸w apX-em-fn-¯hpw A\n-hm-cy-a-m-Wv. sNdp-InS D¸m-Z-\-¯n\pw
tkmjy-en-k-¯n\pw CS-bn-epÅ I®n F¶ \ne-bnÂ, D¸m-Z-\-i-àn-Isf hÀ²n-¸n¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Hcp coXnbpw Hcp amÀKhpw Hcp D]m-[nbpw F¶ \ne-bn apX-emfn¯s¯ (hn-ti-jn¨pw tÌäv apX-em-fn-¯-¯nsâ amÀK-§-fn-eqsS Xncn-¨p-hn-«p-sIm−v) \mw D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-t¯-−n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p''-. (k-am-lr-X-Ir-Xn-IÄ, hmfyw 32)
F¶m CXn-\À°w apX-em-fn¯w ]p\x-Øm-]n-¡p-I-sb-¶mtWm? "]p¯³
km¼-¯nI \b' (F³.-C.-]n)-¯nsâ Ime-L-«-¯n Cu tNmZy-¯n\v se\n³ \n-jvIf¦-ambn adp-]Sn \ÂIp-¶p: ""\mw apX-em-fn-¯s¯ ]p\x-Øm-]n-¡p-I-sb-¶mWv Hc42
f-thmfw AXn-\À°w. AXv ]c-ky-am-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. AXv tÌäv apX-em-fn-¯-am-Wv.
F¶mÂ, A[n-Imcw aqe-[-\-¯nsâ hcp-Xn-bn-emb Hcp kaq-l-¯nse tÌäv apX-em-fn¯hpw sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK `c-W-Iq-S-¯n³ Iognse tÌäv apX-em-fn-¯hpw XnI¨pw
hyXy-kvX-§-fmb c−v k¦Â-]\§-fm-Wv. Hcp apX-em-fn¯ cmPys¯ tÌäv apX-emfn¯w F¶-Xn-\À°w _qÀjzm-kn¡v {]tbm-P-\-I-c-ambpw sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK-¯n\v
lm\n-I-c-ambpw `c-W-IqSw AXns\ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw \nb-{´n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶psh-¶m-Wv. sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK cmPy¯v AtX Imcy-§Ä sN¿p-¶Xv sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK¯nsâ t\«-¯n\pw At¸mgpw ià-amb \ne-bn XpS-cp¶ _qÀ-jzm-knsb AXn-Pohn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw AXn-s\-Xnsc t]mcm-Sp-¶-Xn-\p-am-Wv. hntZi _qÀ-jzm-kn¡v, hntZi
aqe-[-\-¯n\p- \mw Cf-hp-IÄ A\p-h-Zn-¡-W-sa-¶Xv FSp-¯p-]-d-tb-−-Xn-Ã-tÃm! tZikm¡-c-W-¯n sXÃp-t]mepw Ipd-hp-h-cp-¯m-sX-Xs¶ \mw J\n-Ifpw h\-§fpw
F®-¸m-S-§fpw hntZi apX-em-fn-amÀ¡v ]m«-¯n\v sImSp-¡p-Ibpw ]I-c-ambn
\nÀ½nX Nc-¡p-IÄ, bt{´m-]-I-c-W-§Ä apX-em-bh kzoI-cn¨v AXp-hgn \½psS
kz´w hyh-km-bs¯ ]p\x-Øm-]n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-Ww.''
tÌäv apX-em-fn¯s¯¡p-dn¨p kw-km-cn-¡p-Ibpw- D¸m-Z-\-i-àn-Isf Xzcn-X-K-Xnbn hnI-kn-¸n-t¡-−-Xnsâ Bh-iy-IX Du¶n-¸-d-bp-Ibpw sN¿sh se\n³ ]cnhÀ¯-\-L-«-¯n tkmjy-enÌv `c-W-IqSw t\cn-Sp¶ C¯-c-samcp hn]Âkm-[y-XIsf-¡p-dn¨v ap¶-dn-bn¸v \ÂIp-I-bp-−m-bn. tÌäv apX-em-fn¯w sI«n-¸-Sp-¡p¶ {]{Inbsb Hcp bp²-sa¶ \ne-bn Nn{Xo-I-cn-¨p-sIm−v se\n³ ]d-bp¶p: ""Ct¸m-gs¯
bp²-¯nse {]iv\w CXmWvþ BcmWv Pbn-¡p-I, ØnXn-K-Xn-IÄ BcmWv BZyw
{]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯pI? ]Sn IS-¶p-h-cm³ \mw A\p-h-Zn-¨Xpw ]e hmXn-ep-I-fn-eqsSbpw IS-¶p-h-cp-¶-Xp-amb apX-em-fn-bmtWm? (\-ap¡v Adn-hn-Ãm-¯Xpw \½sf
IqSmsX Xs¶ Xpd¶p t]mIp-¶Xpw \s½ IqkmsX Xpd-¡p-¶-Xp-amWv ]e hmXn-epI-fpw) AtXm, sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK `c-Wm-[n-Im-ctam?''- (se-\n³, kam-lrXIrXn-IÄ,
hmfyw 33, t]Pv 65)
At±lw XpSÀ¶p ]d-bp¶p: ""Cu {]iv\w kXy-kÔ-ambn ssIImcyw sN¿-Wwþ
BcmWv apI-fn-se-¯pI? kwL-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn apX-em-fn-am-cmtWm BZyw Pbn-¡pI?
A§-s\-bm-sW-¦n AhÀ I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Imsc Xpc-¯n-tbm-Sn-¡pw. AtXm-sS, Ah-km\-am-Ipw. F¶m Cu am\y-·m-sc, apX-em-fn-amsc icn-bmb ISn-ªm-Wn«v \nb-{´n¡m³ Irjn-¡m-cpsS ]n³_-e-t¯msS sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK `c-Wm-[n-Im-c-¯n\v km[n¡ptam? kÀ¡m-cn-t\mSv hnt[-b-Xz-ap-ÅXpw cmPys¯ tkhn-¡p¶-Xp-amb Hcp apXem-fn¯w krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kÀ¡m-cn-tâ-Xmb amÀK-§-fn-eqsS apX-em-fn-¯s¯ Xncn¨p-hn-Sm³ km[n-¡ptam? (k-am-lr-X-Ir-Xn-IÄ, hmfyw 33, t]Pv 66)
HIvtSm-_À hn¹-h-¯nsâ \memw hmÀjn-I-th-f-bn se\n³ Nq−n-¡m-Wn¨p:
""BZyw P\-§-fpsS cmjv{So-bmth-ihpw XpSÀ¶v ssk\n-Im-th-ihpw DWÀ¶-tXmsS
Bth-i-¯nsâ Xcw-K-am-e-I-fn DbÀ¶v \mw {]Xo-£n¨Xv Cu Bth-is¯ t\cn«v
B{i-bn-¨p-sIm−v cmjv{So-bhpw ssk\n-I-hp-amb IS-a-IÄ \nd-th-än-b-Xp-t]m-seXs¶ al-¯-c-amb km¼-¯nI IS-a-Ifpw \nd-th-äm³ Ign-bp-sa-¶m-Wv. sXmgn-em-fnhÀK `c-W-IqSw A\p-im-kn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse I½yq-WnÌv BZÀi-§Ä {]Imcw `c-WIqS \nb-{´n-X-amb D¸m-Z-\hpw `c-W-IqS \nb-{´n-X-amb hnX-c-Whpw sNdp-InS
ImÀjnI k¼-ZvL-S\ \ne-hn-epÅ Hcp cmPy¯pw t\cn-«p-Xs¶ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-hm³
km[n-¡p-sa¶v \mw {]Xo-£n¨p; aXn-bmb ]cym-tem-N-\-IÄ \S-¯msX \mw A§s\
A\p-am-\n-¨p-sh¶v ]d-bp-¶-XmIpw IqSp-X kXy-k-Ôam-Ip-I. \ap¡v sXäp ]änsb¶v A\p-`hw sXfn-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. I½yq-Wn-k-¯n-te-¡pÅ ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯n\v
At\I hÀj-§Ä \ofp¶ ]cn-{i-a-§Ä¡v X¿m-sd-Sp-¡m-\mbn tÌäv apX-em-fn¯w,
tkmjy-enkw F¶n-§s\ \nc-h[n ]cn-hÀ¯\ L«-§Ä Bh-iy-am-sW¶v kv]jvSam-Ip-¶p. sNdp-InS ImÀjnI k¼-ZvL-S\ \ne-hn-epÅ Cu cmPy-¯n\v tkmjy-en-k¯n F¯p-¶-Xn\v tÌäv apX-em-fn¯w aptJ\ Dd-¸pÅ IS¯p ]mX \nÀ½n-¡p-¶Xn-\v, Bth-is¯ t\cn«v B{i-bn-¡m-sX, F¶m alm-hn-¹hw krjvSn¨ Bth-i¯nsâ klm-b-t¯m-sS, hyàn-]-c-amb Xm¸-cy-¯n-sâbpw sshb-àn-I-amb
t{]mÕm-l-\-¯n-sâbpw hym]mc XXz-§-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯nepw {]hÀ¯n-¡ms\m-cp-§p-I-bmWv \mw BZyw sNt¿-−-Xv. AX-sÃ-¦n I½yq-Wn-k-¯n-se-¯p-hmt\m, P\-tIm-Sn-Isf I½yq-Wn-k-¯n-te¡p \bn-¡p-hmt\m \ap¡v Hcn-¡epw km[n¡p-I-bn-Ã. A\p-`-hw, hn¹h hnIm-k-¯nsâ hkvXp-\njvT ]m-X, AXmWv ]Tn-¸n-¡p¶-Xv''-. (k-am-lr-X-Ir-Xn-IÄ, hmfyw 33, t]Pv 58)
43
(25) JÞnI 6.4: 14þmw ]mÀSn tIm¬{Kkv AwKo-I-cn¨ {]Xy-b-imkv{X {]tabw hni-Ie\w sN¿p¶p: ""tkmjy-enÌv \nÀ½mW {]{Inb¡p- Bh-iy-amb Ime-]-cn[n Hmtcm
cmPy¯pw AXnsâ Bcw-`-L-«-¯n \ne-\n¡p¶ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb \ne-hm-cs¯
B{i-bn¨v hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn¡pw; B {]{In-b-bv¡n-S-bn D¸m-Z-t\m-]m-[n-I-fpsS
kmaq-ly-h¡-cW {]{Inb kpZoÀL-amb ]e Zi-I-fn-eq-sSbpw IS-¶p-t]m-Ipw.
kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ kwcw-`-§Ä, Iq«m-bva-IÄ, kl-Ic
- W kwL-§Ä, sNdpInS hyàn-KX kz¯p-S-a-ØX F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ hyXy-kvX-§-fmb cq]-§Ä \ne\n¡pw. D¸m-Z-t\m-]m-[n-I-fpsS kmaq-ly-h¡-c-W-¯nsâ KXn, Cu tkmjy-enÌv `c-WIq-S-¯n\v ss]Xr-I-ambn e`n¨ km¼-¯nI ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bpsS XpS-¡-¯nse \nehm-c-s¯-bm-bn-cn¡pw \nÀ®m-b-I-ambn B{i-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv. AXn\pw ]pd-sa, B`y´-c-amb hÀK-i-àn-I-fpsS kaqÀ¯ _em-_-e-s¯bpw kmÀh-tZ-io-b-ambn hÀK-i{Xp-¡Ä D−m-¡p¶ k½À±-§-sfbpw B{i-bn-¨p-am-bn-cn¡pw AXv. BZÀi-]-c-am-bn,
Ncn-{X]-c-amb kml-N-cy-§Ä¡pw AXn-\Iw ssIh-cn-¨p-I-gnª D¸m-Z-\-i-àn-IfpsS \ne-hm-c-¯n\pw A\p-k-cn-¨m-bn-cn¡pw AXnsâ KXn. B`y-´-chpw sshtZ-in-Ihp-amb hÀK-i-{Xp-¡-fpsS Bkq-{Xn-X-amb IS-¶m-{I-a-W-§-fpsS Ime-¯v, A¯cw
Hcp {]{Inb tkmjy-en-k-¯nsâ Xs¶ AXn-Po-h-\s¯ thK-¯n-em-t¡-−-Xp-−v.
D¸m-Z-t\m-]m-[n-I-fpsS kmaq-ly-h¡-c-W-¯nsâ KXn thK¯nÂ- C¯-c-¯nÂ
Xo{hX ASn-t¨Â-¸n-¡p-¶ hkvXp-\njvT LS-I§Ä-- kz-bta Xs¶ Nne `uXnI
kml-N-cy-§Ä krjvSn-¡p-¶p. Ah-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n Cu {]{In-b-bn h{Io-Ic-W-§Ä kw`-hn-¡m-w-. AtX-k-a-bw-Xs¶ hÀK-i-àn-I-fpsS _em-_-es¯ sXämbn
hne-a-Xn-¡p-¶-Xv, P\-Iob ]¦m-fn-¯-¯n-eq-sS-b-Ãm-sX, `c-W-Iq-S-¯nsâ _e-{]-tbm-K¯n-eqsS kz¯p-S-a-Ø-X-bp-sS hnhn[ cq]-§-fpsS Ah-Im-i-§sf XIÀ¡p¶ KpcpX-c-amb h{Io-I-c-W-§Ä¡v CS-bm-¡pw. A§-s\, CXv P\-§-fpsS A\y-h¡-c-W¯n\p- ASn-¯d ]mIpI am{X-a-Ã; `mhn-bnse km¼-¯nI km[y-X-Isf ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.''
(26) JÞnI 6.12: ssN\okv ]cn-jvIm-c-§-fpsS Zi-IÄ: {i²m-ep-¡-fmb ]mÝmXy
hnZymÀ°n-Ifpw ssN\okv kw`-h-hn-Im-k-§sf ]n´p-S-cp-¶-hcpw NphsS tNÀ¡p¶
\nco-£-W-§Ä \S-¯p¶p: ""ssN\-bnse ]cn-jvIm-c-§sf A©p Zi-I-fmbn
s]mXpsh hn`-Pn-¡m-\m-Ipw. H¶m-as¯ Zi (1979-þ1986): kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ
kwcw-`-§Ä- F¶p- s]m-Xp-sh Adn-bs¸Sp-¶hsb ]²-Xn¡v D]-cn-bmbn \o§m³
A\p-h-Zn¨p.- Ziþ2 (1987-þ1992): `mKn-I-ambn hmWn-Pym-Sn-kv-Ym-\¯n-ep-Å -Øm-]-\-§Ä
DbÀ¶p h¶p. Ziþ3 (1993-þ2001): kÀ¡mÀ taJe Npcp-§p¶p; icn-¡p-apÅ kzIm-cyta-Je hnI-k-n-¡p-¶p. Zi-þ4 (2002-þ2007): kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ kwcw-`-§-fpsS
]p\x-kw-L-S-\, Npcp-§Â Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶p. Zi-þ5 (2008 apX Ct¸mÄ hsc):
kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e-bpsS kPo-h-amb ]p\Àhn-]p-eo-I-c-Ww. CXns\ ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp¯n
"\yqtbmÀ¡v ssSwkv' Cu A©v Zi-Isf s]mXpsh aq¶m¡n Xncn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p: (1)
1978 apXÂ 1990 hscþ ]cn-jvImcw kzIm-cy-ta-J-esb sI«-gn-¨p-hn«p (2) 1990 apXÂ
2007 se BtKmf km¼-¯nI {]Xn-kÔn hsc. kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ henb
hn`m-Ks¯ ]cn-jvI-cWw s]mfn-¨-Sp-¡n. (3) Ct¸m-gs¯ Ziþ AXn ta kqNn-¸n¨-h-sbÃmw s]m-fn-¨S-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.
(27) JÞnI 6.18: ssN\okv I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀSn kao-]-Im-e-¯mbn ""ssN\-bpsS {Kma-{]tZ-i-§Ä¡m-bpÅ hnI-k-t\m-·p-J-amb Zmcn{Zy eLq-I-cWw'' (2011-þ2020) {]Jym-]n¨p. Zmcn{Zyw _m[n¨ Bfp-IÄ¡v Bh-iy-amb{X `£-Whpw hkv{Xhpw {]Zm\w
sN¿p-I-sb-¶Xv e£y-ambn kÀ¡mÀ AwKo-I-cn-¨p. AtX-k-a-bw-Xs¶ AhÀ¡v
\nÀ_-ÔnX hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-sâbpw ASn-Øm\ NnIn-Õm-ku-I-cy-§-fp-sSbpw ]mÀ-¸nS-¯nsâbpw e`yX 2020þHm-Sp-IqSn Dd-¸m-¡-W-sa¶pw \nÝ-bn-¡-s¸-«p. ssN\-bnse
\K-c-{]-tZ--i-§fpw {Kma-{]-tZ-i-§fpw X½nepw hyXykvX taJ-e-IÄ X½nepw k¼¶cpw Zcn-{Zcpw X½n-ep-apÅ hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶ hcp-am\ A´cw thh-em-Xn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xm-Wv. 2010-þ ssN\-bnse \K-c-hm-kn-I-fpsS icm-icn {]Xn-ioÀj hcp-am\w
{KmaoWcptS-Xnsâ 3.23 Cc-«n-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
2007-þÂ, th−{X `£-W-¯n-sâbpw hkv{X-¯n-sâbpw {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-¡-¯-¡hn[w \nÝnX hcp-am-\-¯n Xmsg {]Xn-ioÀj {]Xn-hÀj Aä IpSpw_ hcp-am-\apÅ FÃm {Kma-hm-kn-IÄ¡pw _m[-I-am-I-¯-¡-hn[w {Kma-{]-tZi§fn-ep-S-\ofw
{KmaoW D]-Po-h-\-_¯ k{¼-Zmbw GÀ-s¸Sp-¯m³ kÀ¡mÀ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. 2010 Ahkm-\-am-b-t¸mÄ, 2.5287 tImSn {KmaoW IpSpw-_-§Ä¡v CXv- _m[-I-am¡n; CXnÂ
44
sam¯w 5.-214 tIm-Sn- Bfp-IÄ- D−v.- 2010Â- sam-¯w- 4450 tImSn bphm³ {KmaoW D]Po-h-\-_-¯-bmbn hnX-cWw sNbvXp. ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡m³ ]äm-¯-hcpw IpSpw_
]n´pW CÃm-¯-hcpw Bb Bfp-IÄ¡v Dd-¸m-¡-s¸-Sp¶ ]n´p-W-bpsS A©v cq]§fpw (`-£-Ww, hkv{Xw, ]mÀ¸n-Sw, Btcm-Ky-]-cn-c-£, ih-kw-kvImcs¨e-hp-IÄ)
kÀ¡mÀ {]Zm\w sN¿p-¶p.
{Kma-{]-tZ-i-§-fn \nÀ_-ÔnX hnZym-`ymkw ià-am-¡n-bn-«p-−v. 2010 Ah-km-\t¯m-Sp-IqSn, tZiob hnI-k-t\m-·pJ Zmcn{Zy eLq-I-cW ]cn-]m-Sn-bn {][m\
{]hniy-I-fn 7þ\pw 15-þ\pw CSbv¡v {]mb-apÅ Ip«n-Ifnse 97.7 iX-am-\hpw kvIqfpI-fn tNÀ¶n-«p-−v. bphm-¡fpw a[y-h-b-kvI-cp-amb Bfp-IÄ¡n-S-bnse \nc-£-cXm
\nc¡v 7 iX-am-\-ambn Ipd-ªn-«p−v; 2002-þ-te-Xn-s\-¡mÄ 5.4 iX-am\w Ipd-hm-WnXv.
AXn\p ]pd-sa, {Kma-hm-kn-IÄ¡m-bpÅ ]pXnb Xcw kl-I-cW BtcmKy kwc£W k{¼-Zmbw apgp-h³ {KmaoW P\-Xbv¡pw _m[-I-am-bn-«p-−v. 2010 Ah-km-\t¯m-Sp-IqSn, tZiob hnI-k-t\m-·pJ Zmcn{Zy eLq-I-cW ]cn-]m-Sn-bn {][m\
{]hniy-I-fn {KmaoW IpSpw-_-§-fn 93.3 iX-am-\w t]cpw ]pXnb kl-I-cW
BtcmKy kwc-£W k{¼-Zm-b-¯n ]¦m-fn-I-fmbn; 91.4 iX-am\w {Kma-hm-knIÄ¡pw ka-bm-k-a-b-§-fn Btcm-Ky-tkh\w e`n-¡m-\mbn; Hmtcm Su¬jn-¸nepw
Hcp Bip-]{Xn D−v. an¡-hmdpw FÃm hntÃ-Pp-I-fnepw Hcp ¢n\n-¡p-ap-−v.
(28) JÞnI 6.26: hnbXv\mw I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀSn-bpsS Bdmw tIm¬{K-Ênsâ dnt¸mÀ-«nÂ
{]kvXm-hn-¡p¶p: ""tkmjy-enÌv hn¹-h-¯nÂ, Hcp hi¯v cmPy-¯n-\p-th-−n-bpÅ
]p¯³ km¼¯nI ASn-¯-d-I-sfbpw iàn-I-sfbpw sI«n-¸-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ henb
]cn-{i-a-§Ä \S-¯Ww; adp-h-i-¯v, A\p-tbm-Py-amb cq]-§-fn-eq-sSbpw \S-]-Sn-I-fneq-sSbpw \ne-hn-epÅ km¼-¯nI ASn-¯-d-I-sfbpw iàn-I-sfbpw ]cn-hÀ-¯-n-¸n-¡p¶-Xn\pw \¶mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw henb {]m[m-\yw IÂ-¸n-¡-Ww. ]t£, \mw
CtX-hsc tkmjy-enÌv ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ {]hÀ¯-\-¯n\v hgn-Im-«n-bmb ho£-W§-sfbpw kwhn-[m-\-§-sfbpw \b-§-sfbpw Ipdn¨v hyà-ambpw ]qÀ-hm]c_Ôt¯m-sSbpw- Xocp-am-\n-¨n-«n-Ã. Aan-Xm-th-i-¯nsâ {]I-S-cq-]-§Ä ImWp¶p−v: tkmjy-en-Ìn-Xc km¼-¯nI taJ-e-Isf DS³Xs¶ CÃm-Xm-¡m³, kzImcy
apX-em-fn¯ km¼-¯nI taJ-esb kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ taJ-e-bm¡n {ZpX-KXn-bn amäm³ \mw B{K-ln-¡p-¶p.''
ho−pw XpS-cp-¶p: ""\½psS Aht_m-[-¯n F¶-t]mse {]hÀ¯-\-¯n-epw,
\½psS cmPys¯ _lp-ta-Jem km¼-¯nI LS\ \ne-\n¡p-¶Xv Xmc-X-tay\
ZoÀL-amb Ime-L-«-t¯¡v C\nbpw XpScpw F¶ hkvXpX \mw bYmÀ°-¯nÂ
AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã. D¸m-Z-\-i-àn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-hp-ambpw hnImk \ne-hm-c-hpambpw D¸m-Z\ _Ô-§Ä¡pÅ s]mcp¯w kw_-Ôn¨ \nbaw \mw Ct¸mgpw
DÄs¡m-Åp-Ibpw icn-bmbn {]tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«n-Ã.
""A[zm-\-i-àn, kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy, aqe-[-\w, sXmgneh-k-c-§Ä krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn\pÅ Ignhv F¶o \ne-I-fn P\-§-fpsS A[o-\-X-bn-epÅ Nn¶n-¨n-X-d-s¸-«-sX-¦nepw
AXn-{]-[m-\-amb C¯cw km[y-X-Isf hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-XnÂ\n¶v XpS-§n, s]mXphpw
Iq«m-bva-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb km¼-¯nI taJ-e-Isf hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw `c-W-Iq-S¯nsâ tI{µo-IrX hn`-h -k-©-b-s¯bpw hntZ-i-¯p-\n-¶pÅ aqe-[-\s¯
BIÀjn-¡p-¶-Xn-s\bpw t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-sam¸w aäp km¼-¯nI taJ-e-Isfbpw IrXy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m\pw ]cn-hÀ¯n-¸n-¡m\pw th−n-bpÅ \b-§fpw
D−m-¡-Ww.
""sNdp-InS Nc¡v D¸m-Z\ k¼Zv-LS\ (ssI-s¯m-gn-ep-ImÀ, hyàn-KX IÀjIÀ, kzImcy I¨-h-S-§-fnepw tkh-\-§-fnepw GÀs¸-«n-«p-Å-hÀ), kzImcy apX-emfn¯ k¼Zv-LS\ hnhn[ cq]-§-fnep-Å kÀ-¡mÀ- þ ap-Xem-fn-¯ k¼Zv-LS\ AXnsâ DbÀ-¶ cq-]sa¶ \n-ebnÂ- kw-bp-Iv-X kÀ-¡mÀ- þ kz-Im-cy- kw-cw-`§Ä,- a[y-`mKs¯ taSp-Ifn-epw- aäv- ]À-hX {]tZi§fn-ep-ap-Å hw-io-b \yq-\]£§fp-sS kz-m-`mhn-Ihpw- \n-e\nÂ-]n-\p-th−n-bp-ÅXp-am-b k¼Zv-LS\ F¶n-hbm-Wv- aäv- km-¼¯n-I
taJeIÄ.""Ignª ]¯p-hÀj-¯n-te-sd-bm-bn, ]mÀSn-bpsS c−v tZiob tIm¬{K-Êp-I-fpsSbpw {]ta-b-§Ä Hmtcm tIm¬{K-Ên-sâbpw Imem-h-[n-¡p-Ån tkmjy-enÌv ]cnhÀ¯\w ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡p-I-bmWv IS-a-sb¶v tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn«p−v; F¶n-«pw, C\nbpw Cu ISa \nÀÆ-ln-¡-s¸-«n-«n-Ã. bmYmÀ°yw \s½ ITn-\45
amb Hcp ]mTw ]Tn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶pþ AXm-b-Xv, hkvXp-\njvT \nb-a-§Ä adn-I-S¶p
t]mI-¯-¡-hn[w \mw A{X-t¯mfw A£a ImWn-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã. Ct¸mÄ Xmsg ]dbp¶ Xc-¯n AXns\ icn-bmbn cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bmWvþ D¸m-Z\ iàn-IfpsS hnIm-k-\-¯n-\m-bpÅ \nXm-´-amb Nme-I-i-àn-bmbpw D¸m-Z-\-i-àn-I-fpsS
hnImk \ne-hm-c-¯n\pw kz`m-h-¯n\pw A\p-tbm-Py-amb hn[w D¸m-Z\ _豈 D−m-¡n-s¡m-−v, tkmjy-enÌv ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯n\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb cq]-§fpw
\S-]-Sn-Ifpw Nn«-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\v tkmjy-en-k-¯n-te-¡pÅ ]cn-hÀ¯\ Ime-L-«-¯nep-S-\o-f-apÅ imiz-Xhpw \nc-´-c-hp-amb IS-a-bm-W-Xv.
""Bk-¶-amb hÀj-§-fnÂ, {Iam-\p-K-X-ambn tkmjy-enÌv ]cn-hÀ¯\w \S-¸m¡p-¶-Xn\pw _lp-ta-Jem km¼-¯nI kwhn-[m-\-¯nsâ A\p-Iqe {]Xym-LmXw
]qÀ®-tXm-Xn sIm−p-h-cm\pw th− Gähpw {][m-\-s¸« Imcyw tkmjy-enÌv
k¼-ZvL-S-\sb iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-IbpamWv. CXn\v BZy-ambn
th−-Xv, aäp-Å-hsb \nb-{´n-¡m\pw icn-¡p-apÅ t\Xr-Xz-]-c-amb ]¦v hln-¡m\pw
s]mXp-ta-J-esb {]m]vX-am-¡-em-Wv.
""tkmjy-enÌv km¼-¯nI taJ-ebv¡v A\p-Iq-e-amb km¼-¯nI \b-§Ä (\nt£-]w, \nIpXn Npa-¯Â, hmbv] F¶n-§-s\-bp-Åh kw_-Ôn-¨v) `c-W-IqSw \S-¸nem-¡p¶p; F¶mÂ, \nb-as¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw Xpey-X-bpsS XXzw ]men-¡-s¸Sp-Ibpw thWw.
""tPmen-¡-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ hnX-cWw' F¶ XXz-¯nsâ icn-bmb {]tbmKw A[zm-\¯nsâ ]p\-cp¸m-Z\w Dd-¸m-¡p¶ hn[-¯nepw ka-Xz-hmZw ssIsh-Snªpw Iqen
hyh-Ø-bn Ah-ti-jn-¡p¶ k_vknUn \ÂIn-bpÅ `mKw ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn d±m¡nbpw A[zm-\-¯n-sâbpw km¼-¯n-I-amb Imcy-£-a-X-bp-sSbpw ^e-§-fp-ambn Dä_Ôw ]peÀ¯p¶ {]Xn-^ew \ÂI-ensâ cq]-§Ä {]tbm-Kn¨pw \ne-hn-epÅ Iqenhy-h-Ø-bn kaq-e-amb ]cn-jvI-cWw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p.''
Ggmw tIm¬{Kkv dnt¸mÀ«n C§s\ {]kvXm-hn-¡p¶p: ""k¦c k¼-Zvhy-h-ØbpsS Af-hä km[y-X-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn, \nb-a-¯nsâ \nb-{´-W-¯nÂ
kÀ¡mÀ amt\-Pvsaân³Io-gn-epÅ hn]Wn hyh-Ø-bn-te-¡pÅ NphSp-am-ä-t¯m-SpIqSn, kÀ¡mÀ k_vkn-Un-I-sfbpw DtZym-Kkv-Y ta[m-hn-Xz- tI{µo-I-c-W-s¯bpw
B[m-c-am-¡n-bpÅ hyh-Øn-Xn-bpsS \njvIm-k\w XpS-tc-−Xv Hgn-hm-¡m-\m-hm-¯Xm-Wv..... Øqe km¼-¯nI \nb-{´-W-§Ä Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xnepw hn]-Wnsb \nb-{´n¡p-¶-Xnepw {]Xn-Iqe kw`-h-§sf XS-bp-¶-Xnepw ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶-Xnepw D¸mZ-\-þ-hm-WnPy {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä¡m-bpÅ km[m-cW ]cnXx-ØnXnbpw kml-N-cy-§fpw
krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xnepw kmaq-ly\oXntbmSpw kmaqly ]ptcm-K-Xn-tbm-Sp-sa-m¸-apÅ
km¼-¯nI hfÀ¨-bpsS s]mcp-¯-s¸-S Dd-¸m-¡p-¶-Xnepw kÀ¡m-cn\v {][m-\-s¸«
]¦v hln-¡m-\p-−v.
""{]mtZ-in-I-h¡-c-W-¯nsâbpw- GtIm-]\¯n-sâ A`m-h¯n-sâbpw- Hä-s¸-S-ensâbpw Ahkv-Ysb AXn-Po-hn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \nc-´-c-amb ]cn-{i-a-§Ä D−m-h-Wsa¶v Hcp hnI-knX k¼-ZvL-S\ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. \½psS kzmX-{´yhpw ]c-am-[n-Imchpw Xpey-Xbpw ]c-kv]c {]tbm-P\hpw- kpZr-V-ambn ]cn-]m-en-¡p-I-sb¶
XXzs¯ B[m-c-am-¡n-bpÅ hntZi km¼-¯nI _Ô-§sf hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw
sshhn-[y-h¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw At\I ]¦m-fn-¯ap-ÅXm-¡p-¶Xn-\pw\½psS
tZiob km[y-X-I-sfbpw hn`-h-§-sfbpw DuÀÖ-kz-e-ambn hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-I-sb¶
ImgvN-¸m-tSmsS hntZi hn`-h-§sf BIÀjn-¡Ww.
""\ho-I-c-W-¯nsâ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-¡p-dn-¨v, hninjym k¼-ZvL-S-\-bnÂ, \mw
Du¶n-¸-d-bp-t¼m-gpw, Cu IS-a-bpsS adp-]p-d-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw \mw ImtW-−-Xp-−v. DtZymKkv-Y ta[m-hn-Xz- tI{µo-I-c-W-s¯bpw kÀ¡mÀ k_vkn-Un-I-sfbpw B[m-c-am-¡nbpÅ ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn {]mtZ-in-Ihpw kzbw-]-cym-]vXh
- p-amb k¼-ZvL-S-\sb
kÀ¡mÀ amt\-Pvsaân³Io-gn hn]Wn hyh-ØnXn {]Imcw {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ an{i
Nc¡v k¼-ZvL-S-\-bn-te-¡p amä-p-¶Xv kaq-l-¯nsâ D¸m-Z-\-]-c-amb km[y-XIsf
Xpd-¶p-hn-Sp-Ibpw hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I-sb¶ ImgvN-¸m-tSm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpÅ
XnI¨pw icnbpw Bh-iy-hp-amb t]mwh-gn-bm-Wv. F¶mÂ, hn]Wn k¼-ZvL-S-\-bmWv
kÀh-tcmK kwlm-cn-sb¶v Icp-Xp-¶Xpw ]ni-Im-bn-cn-¡pw. D¸m-Z-\-¯nsâ hnIm-k¯n\v Dt¯-P-\-am-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄX-s¶, hn]Wn k¼-ZvL-S\ \nc-h[n kmaq-ly-Xn-·46
IÄ DbÀ¶p-h-cp-¶-Xn\pw Xg-¨p-h-f-cp-¶-Xn\pw th− ]cn-Xx-Øn-Xn-bpw {]Zm\w
sN¿p-¶p''-.
2011 P\p-h-cn-bn tNÀ¶ 11-þmw tIm¬{K-Ênse ]mÀSn dnt¸mÀ«v, 25 hÀjs¯
\ho-I-cW {]{In-b-bpsS (1986-þ2011) A\p-`-h-§-sfbpw t\«-§-sfbpw Ah-tem-I\w
sN¿p-Ibpw Ah ""cmPys¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw henb iànbpw IqSp-X kpc£n-X-amb Øm\hpw krjvSn¨''Xmbn {]kvXm-hn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXv XpSÀ¶v
]d-bp¶p: ""F¶n«pw KpW-\n-e-hm-chpw Imcy-£-a-Xbpw aÕ-c-£-a-Xbpw Ipdªpw
hyh-km-b-h¡-c-W-¯n-te¡pw B[p-\n-I-h¡-c-W-¯n-te-¡p-apÅ km¼-¯nI
]p\x-kw-L-S\ aµ-K-Xn-bn-embpw hnX-c-W-kw-hn-[m\w bpàn-]qÀ®-a-Ãm-sXbpw [\nIþ-Z-cn{Z A´cw hÀ²n-¨p-amWv k¼-ZvL-S\ hf-cp-¶-Xv. hnZym-`ym-kw, ]cn-io-e\w,
imkv{Xw, kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy, kmaq-ly-þ-kmw-kvIm-cn-I-þ-]-cn-ØnXn kwc-£Ww F¶n-hbnse ZuÀ_-ey-§fpw \yq\-X-I-fpw, DtZym-K-Ø- ta-[m-hnXzw, Agn-a-Xn, [qÀ¯v, IpäIr-Xy-§Ä, kmaqly Xn·-IÄ, [mÀ½nI Pohn-X-ssieo \ne-hm-c-¯-IÀ¨ F¶nhbpwCt¸mgpw XS-b-s¸-«n-«n-Ã. km¼¯nI Øm]-\-§Ä, am\hhn`h KpW-\n-e-hm-cw,
]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§Ä F¶nh Ct¸mgpw ZpÀ_-e-amWv; Ah ]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸-tS-−Xv
Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.''
hnb-Xv\m-ansâ k¼-ZvL-S-\-bn kÀ¡mÀ hnlnXw AXnsâ Pn.-Un.-]n-bpsS GItZiw 40 iX-am\w hcpw.
]cn-hÀ¯\ Ime-L-«-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]d-ªp-sIm-−v, dnt¸mÀ«v {]kvXm-hn-¡p¶p:
""Hcp ]cn-hÀ-¯\ L«-¯n-eqsS apX-em-fn-¯-¯nÂ\n¶v tkmjy-en-k-¯n-te¡v apt¶dp¶Xv, hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb Hcm-h-iy-amWv; Cu Ime-L-«¯
- n-sâ ssZÀLyw Hmtcm
cmPy-¯n-sâbpw km¼-¯n-I-þ-cm-jv{So-b-þ-km-aqly ØnXn-K-Xn-Isf B{i-bn-¨m-bncn¡pw..... D¸m-Z-\-i-àn-I-fp-sSbpw D¸m-Z-\-_-Ô-§-fp-sSbpw F¶-t]mse D]-cn-LS-\-bp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯n ]pXnb kmaq-ly-hy-h-Øn-Xnsb Bcw-`-¯nÂ\n¶v
sI«n-¸-Sp-¡p-¶Xv e£y-am-¡n-bpÅ AKm-[hpw ka-{Khpw k¼qÀ®-hp-amb hn¹h
]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ Ime-L-«-am-Wn-Xv. "GXv hnP-bn¡pw' F¶ {]iv\-¯n\v ]cn-lmcw
ImWp-¶-Xn-\mbn kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ FÃm aÞe-§-fnepw c−v ]mX-IÄþ
tkmjy-en-khpw apX-em-fn-¯-hpwþ X½n-epÅ k¦oÀ®-amb hÀK-k-a-c-¯nsâ ImeL-«-am-Wn-Xv.''
(29) JÞnI 6.28: ASp-¯- Im-es¯ Hcp {]kw-K-¯n duÄ Imkvt{Sm ]d-bp¶p: ""C¶v,
ap³]v F¶-t¯-bpw-ImÄ, km¼-¯n-I-amb t]mcm-«-amWv apJy ISa; tIUÀ-am-cpsS
{]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-amb {]hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ tI{µ _nµp-hm-W-Xv. Imc-Ww, AXns\
B{i-bn-¨mWv \½psS kmaq-ly-hy-h-Ø-bpsS kpØn-c-Xbpw kwc-£-Whpw ØnXn
sN¿p-¶-Xv.''
2011 P\p-h-cn-bn tNÀ¶, Iyq_³ I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀSn-bpsS Bdmw tIm¬{KÊnsâ dnt¸mÀ«n {]kvXm-hn-¡p¶p: ""\ne-hn-epÅ km¼-¯nI kml-N-cy-§-fpsSbpw ]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸-tS− hnj-b-§-fp-sSbpw Hcp hne-bn-cp-¯Â Bh-iy-am-b-Xpw,
Ignª ]mÀSn tIm¬{K-Ên-\p-ti-j-apÅ kmÀh-tZ-io-bhpw tZio-b-hp-amb apJy
kw`-h-§fpw kml-N-cy-§fpw IW-¡n-se-Sp-¯p-Å-Xp-am-bmWv kaÀ¸n-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶
km¼-¯nI \b amÀK-tc-J. temI-¯m-sI, kmÀh-tZ-iob ]Ým-¯-e-¯nsâ khn-tij-X, Ahn-I-knX cmPy-§Ä¡p-ta ià-amb {]Xym-LmXw D−m-¡p¶ km¼-¯nI-þ-[-\-þ-]m-cn-Øn-Xn-I-þ-DuÀÖ-þ-`£y {]Xn-k-Ôn-IÄ Htc-k-abw H¶n¨v LS-\m-]chpw hyh-Øm-]-c-hp-amb {]Xn-k-Ôn-bm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶-Xm-Wv. hntZi km¼-¯nI
_Ô-§sf B{i-bn-¡p¶ Hcp Xpd¶ k¼-ZvL-S-\-bmWv Iyq_-bn \ne-\n¡p-¶Xv. B \ne-bn Cu cmPy-¯n\v Cu {]Xn-k-Ôn-bpsS {]l-c-¯nÂ\n¶v Hgn-ªp\n¡m-\m-hnÃ; AXnsâ A\-´-c-^ew Iyq_³ Ibäp-a-Xn-bpsS hne-I-fnse AØnc-X-bnepw Nc-¡p-I-fp-sSbpw tkh-\-§-fp-sSbpw Iyq_³ Ib-äp-a-Xn-bpsS tNmZ-\¯nepw hntZi hmbv]''- e`y-X-bv¡pÅ henb \nb-{´-W-§-fnepw ImWm-\m-Ipw. Ibäp-aXn hneIfn-sebpw Cd-¡p-aXn hne-I-fn-sebpw Ib-än-d-¡-§-fpsS ^e-am-bn 1997þ\pw 2009-þ\pw CSbv¡v Iyq_-bv¡p-−mb Aä-\jvSw 1997-þ-t\mSv Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯pt¼mÄ 1090 tImSn tUmf-dm-bn-cp-¶p. Iyq_³ Ib-äp-aXn Nc-¡p-I-fpsS hm§Âti-jnbn icm-icn 15 iX-am-\-¯nsâ CSn-hp-−mbn.
Cu XXz-§sf kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ kwcw-`-§Ä¡v IqSp-X kzbw-`-c-Wmh-Imiw \ÂIp-¶-Xp-ambpw amt\-Pvsaânsâ aäp cq]-§-fpsS hnIm-k-hp-ambpw ka-\z47
bn-¸n-t¡-−-XmWv. ap-Jy- tZiob km¼-¯nI kwhn-[m-\-amb tkmjy-enÌv kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-ØX-bn-epÅ Øm]-\-§Ä¡p ]pdsa, hntZi \nt£-]w, kl-I-cW kwL-§Ä, sNdpInS Irjn, ^ehr£-§Ä, {^mss©-kn-IÄ, kzbw-sXm-gnÂ, sXmgn Imcy-£-aX
hÀ²n-¸n-¡m-\p-X-Ip-¶Xpw ]pXp-Xmbn DbÀ¶p-h-t¶-¡m-hp-¶-Xp-amb aäp cq]-§Ä
F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ aäp k{¼-Zm-b-§-sfbpw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw
sN¿p-¶-XmWv Iyq_³ amXr-I...... ka-Xz-hm-Z-¯n-\p-]-cn-bmbn FÃm ]uc-·mÀ¡pw
Xpey Ah-Im-i-§fpw Xpey Ah-k-c-§fpw F¶ tkmjy-en-k-¯nsâ XXz-§-fmWv
\nÀ±njvS km¼-¯nI \b-¯nsâ hgn-Im-«n. tPmen Ah-Im-ihpw IÀ¯-hy-hp-am-Wv.
AtXm-sSm-¸w, Hmtcm ]uc-sâbpw kzbw \n]p-W-X-bv¡m-bpÅ {]tNm-Z-\ tI{µ-hp-amWXv; sN¿p¶ sXmgn-ensâ Afhpw KpWhpw A\p-k-cn¨v {]Xn-^ew \ÂI-Ww......
AXn-\q-X\ kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS e`y-X, amt\-Pvsaâv sshZ-Kv²y-¯nsâ ssIam-äw,
Ib-äp-aXn hn]-Wn-bpsS sshhn-[y-h¡-c-Whpw hn]p-eo-I-c-Whpw, Cd-¡p-a-Xn-¡pÅ
]Icw kwhn-[m-\w, Hcp D¸m-Z-\-]-²-Xn-bpsS \nÀ½n-Xn-¡m-bpÅ a[y-Im-e-þ-ZoÀLIme [\-e-`y-X, {]hÀ¯\ aqe-[\w {]hÀ¯-\-¯n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ th−
hyh-Ø, ]pXnb sXmgn-e-h-k-c-§Ä krjvSn-¡Â F¶nh DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ Hcp-Iq«w
e£y-§Ä t\Sm-\m-Ip¶ hn[-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡Ww hntZi aqe-[\
- -s¯ BIÀjn-¡p¶Xv F¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯Ww.''
(30) JÞnI 6.29: km¼-¯nI hnI-k-\-¯n-\m-bpÅ Hcp X{´-{]-[m\ e£yw ]²Xn
apt¶m-«p-h-¨p. ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§Ä sI«n-¸-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Irjnbpw hnZyp-Ñ-àn,
I¡-cn, F®, teml-hy-h-kmbw F¶nh DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ hyh-km-b-§fpw hnI-kn¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw {]mtZ-inI hnIk\-¯n\pw apJy Du¶Â \ÂIp-¶-XmWv AXv.
hntZi \nt£-]s¯ D¯c sImdn-b³ k¼-ZvL-S-\-bn-te¡v IS-¶p-h-cm³ klm-bn¡p-¶-XmWv Cu Zi-h-Õc ]²-Xn-.- bmep \Zo-ap-J¯v c−v AXnÀ¯n Zzo]p-I-fnÂ
ssN\-bp-ambn tNÀ¶v ]pXp-Xmbn Hcp "kwbpà km¼-¯nI taJe' sImdnb ASp¯- Im-e-¯mbn Bcw-`n-¨p. D¯c sImdn-b³ k¼-ZvL-S-\bv¡v ]pXnb Znim-t_m[w
Dd-¸n-¡p-I-sb¶ e£y-an-«-XmWv Cu ]²Xn; ]pXnb hnI-k\ Ims¼-bn\v Hcp IpXn¨p-Nm-«-hpw. "kÀ¡mÀ hgn- Im-«p-¶Xpw kwcw-`-I-Xzm-[n-jvTn-Xhpw hn]Wn D·p-Jhpw'
Bb "c−v km¼-¯nI taJ-e-IÄ sImdn-b³ P\-Iob P\m-[n-]Xy dn¸-»n-¡n (Un.]n.-BÀ.-sI)' hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Un.-]n.-BÀ.-sIbpw ssN\bpw k½-Xn-¨p. BZys¯
"{]tXyI km¼-¯nI taJe'bpsS `mK-ambn "Hcp kzX{´ hym]mc taJ-ebpw \nIpXn-c-lnX taJe'bpw Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Xocp-am-\n-¡-s¸-«n-«p-−v. ""tZi-km¡-cn-¡s¸-Sp-Itbm A[n-Ir-Xm-hiyw- D¶bn-¡p-Itbm- sN¿n-sö Dd¸v hntZi \nt£-]-IcpsS \nt£-]-§Ä¡v D¯c sImdn-b-bnse kÀ¡mÀ hmKvZm\w \ÂIp-¶p. C¯w
Unamâp-IÄ D−m-Ip¶ A\n-hm-cy-amb kµÀ`-§-fn icn-bmb \jvS-]-cn-lmcw
\ÂIpw.'' hntZi \nt£-]-I-cpsS BZm-b-\n-IpXn ""D¯c sImdn-b-bnse aäp {]tZ-i§-fn-te-Xn-s\-¡mÄ 11 iX-am\w Ipd-hm-Wv. ]¯p-hÀj-¯n-te-sd-bpÅ _nkn-\kv
]²-Xn-I-fpÅ I¼-\n-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-fw, hntZi aqe-[\ I¼-\n-IÄ¡v Ah
em`w t\Sm³ XpS-§p¶ hÀjw apX-epÅ aq¶p-hÀj-t¯¡v \nIpXnclnX B\pIqeyw e`n¡pw; XpSÀ-¶pÅ c−p-hÀjw 50 iX-am\w \nIpXn \ÂIn-bm aXn.''
Fs´m-s¡bm-bm-epw-, C¶v sh\-tkz-e-bpsS k¼-ZvL-S\ apX-em-fn¯ ta[m-hn-XzapÅ k¼-ZvL-S-\-bm-Wvþ \nÝ-b-ambpw \h-en-_-d Aà Xs¶. aq¶v hyXykvX Xc¯n-epÅ D¸m-Z\ _Ô-§fpw kmaqly _Ô-§-fp-ap−v: kzIm-cy -ta-J-e,
kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e, kmaqly k¼-ZvL-S\m taJe. CXn Gähpw hepXv kzImcy taJe-bm-Wvþ AXn-\À°w AXv {]mY-an-I-ambpw kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-«p-ÅXv em`w ]c-am-h[n-bm-¡pI F¶ e£y-t¯m-sS-bmWv F¶mWv; aqe-[-\-þ-]W LS-\-IÄ, D]-I-cW§fp-w Nc¡p-tiJchpw F¶n-h FÃmw kzImcy DS-a-Ø-X-bn-emWv F¶-Xm-Wv.
k¼-ZvL-S-\-bpsS GI-tZiw aq¶n c−v `mKhpw apX-em-fn¯ taJ-e-bm-Wv. D]t`mK Nc-¡p-I-fp-sStbm aqe-[\ Nc-¡p-I-fp-sStbm Cd-¡p-a-Xn-bn-eq-sStbm cmjv{Sm´c tImÀ¸-td-j-\p-I-fpsS sh\-tkz-e-bnse k_vkn-Un-b-dn-I-fn-eq-sStbm Ah A´mcmjv{S aqe-[-\-hp-ambn Ahn-`m-Py-ambn _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p.
c−m-as¯ apJy taJe s]mXp-ta-J-e-bmWvþ kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ kwcw-`§-fmWv Ah; Ah-bnse Poh-\-¡m-cmIs« kÀ¡mÀ Poh-\-¡m-cpw. kÀ¡mÀ DS-aØ-X-bn-epÅ Iqä³ F®-¡-¼-\n-I-fmb ]n.-Un.-hn.-F-kv.F DÄs¸-Sp-¶-XmWv s]mXpta-J-e. ]n.-Un.-hn.-Fkv.F-bpsS hcp-am-\-¯n Gdnb ]¦pw Ct¸mÄ {]Xy-£-amtbm
]tcm-£-amtbm Btcm-Ky-þ-hn-Zym-`ymk ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ¡pw `h-\-\nÀ½m-W-¯n\pw ]Ým48
¯e kuI-cy-§Ä¡p-apÅ ^−m-bmWv t]mIp-¶-sX-¦n-epw, AXnse Poh-\-¡mÀ¡n-Sbn Iqen-bnepw i¼-f-¯nepw henb hyXym-k-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb t{iWo--_-²-am-bn, apIfnÂ\n¶v Xmtg¡v \nb-{´n-¡p¶ coXn-bn-emWv AXnsâ {]hÀ-¯\w. tZiob icm-icn-sb-¡mÄ Gsd DbÀ¶-XmWv AXnse thX-\w. kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e-bn A[nIw
F®-¯nepw sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS kz-bw- amt\-Pvsaânse \ma-am-{X-am-Wv. sh\-tkz-ebpsS sam¯w D¸m-Z-\-¯nsâ 30 iX-am\w Cu taJ-e-bmWv D¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
1998 se hnln-X-¯nÂ\n¶pw CXv hfÀ¶n-«p-an-Ã.
aq¶m-as¯ taJe kmaqly k¼-Zvhy-h-Ø-bm-Wv. s]mXp-hmb DS-a-Ø-X-bnepÅXpw kzbw \S-¯n-s¡m-−p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xp-amb Irjn-bn-S-§-sf-t¸m-se-bp-Å, ]et¸mgpw tkmjy-enÌv Øm]-\-§Ä F¶v hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶h CXn DÄs¸-Sp-¶p. klI-cW kwL-§fpw sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw Kh¬saâpw IqSn kwbp-à-ambn \S-¯n-s¡m−p-t]m-Ip-¶Xpw kwbp-à-amb DS-a-Ø-X-bn-ep-Å-Xp-amb Øm]-\-§fpw Cu taJ-ebn DÄs¸-Sp-¶p. Cu kmaqly k¼-Zvhy-hØ sam¯w k¼-Zvhy-h-Ø-bpsS
GXm−v 2 iX-am-\-t¯m-fta hcq.
(31) JÞnI 7.5: sh\-tkzebp-sS km¼-¯nI kmaqly kqN-I-§Ä
hn`mKw
Zmcn{Zyw (hy-àn-IÄ)
sImSpw Zmcn{Zyw
Kn\n kqNnI (A-k-a-Xz-¯nsâ
Afhv 0 = k¼qÀ® XpeyX;
1 = k¼qÀ® Ak-aXzw )
inip- a-cWw/100,000
t]mj-I-hp-ambn
_Ô-s¸«- a-cWw/100,000
ip²-Pe e`yX
ipNo-I-cW e`yX
kmaq-ly-kp-c£ P\kw-Jy-bp-sS
iX-am\w
sXm-gn-en-Ãmbva \nc¡v
hÀjw
iX-am-\tam
aäv Afthm
hÀjw
iX-am-\tam
aäv Afthm
1998
1998
52 %
20.1 %
2008
2008
31.5 %
9.5 %
1998
.48
2008
.41
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
21.4
4.9
80 %
62 %
1.7 %
11.3 %
2006
2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
14
2.3
92 %
82 %
4. 4 %
7.8 %
Ipdn¸v: hnhcw e`y-amb HSp-hn-es¯ hÀj-s¯-bmWv A´na hÀj-ambn FSp-¯-Xv. 2007þHm
2008-þHm BWv ]e-Xn-s\bpw kw_-Ôn-¨v.
(32) JÞnI 7.6: Ico-_n-b³ cmPy-§-fp-sSbpw emän-\-ta-cn-¡³ cmPy-§-fp-sSbpw cmjv{Sob-þ-km-¼-¯n-I-þ-km-aqly ka-\z-b-¯nsâ amXr-I-bn auen-I-ambpw A[n-jvTn-X-am-bXmWv Ata-cn-¡-bnse cm-P-y-§Ä¡m-bpÅ s_mfn-th-dn-b³ _Z (AÂ_). hnIknX cmPy-§-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ Cu taJ-eb
- nse A{X-sb¶pw hnI-knX-a-Ãm¯ cmPy-§-fpsS km¼-¯nIhpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb Ak-a-Xz-§fpw {]Xn-Iq-em-hØbpw Xncp-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-th-−n-bmWv, AÂ_ {]mY-an-I-ambpw Dt±-in-¡-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv.
AÂ_sb \bn-¡p¶ X¯z-§Ä Xmsg sImSp-¡p-¶p:
1. hym]m-chpw \nt£-]-§fpw DZm-c-h¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v \h-en-_-d kwtbm-P\w ap³KW\ I¸n-¡p-¶p. Zmcn-{Zy-¯n\pw kmaq-ly-amb Hgn-hm-¡e
- n\pw FXn-cm-bn-«pÅ kac-¯n {i² tI{µo-I-cn-¡p¶ \nÀt±-i-amWv AÂ_-bp-tS-Xv.
2. AÂ_-bpsS \nÀt±-i-§-fn a\p-jym-h-Im-i-§Ä¡pw sXmgn Ah-Im-i-§Ä¡pw
kv{XoI-fpsS Ah-Im-i-§Ä¡pw A´-co-£-¯nsâ kwc-£-W-¯n\pw `uXn-I-amb
DZv{K-Y-\-¯n\pw \nÀ®m-bI {]m[m\yw \ÂI-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p.
3. hyh-km-b-h¡rX cmPy-§fnse kwc-£W \b-§Ä¡pw hn\m-i-I-c-amb k_vknUn-IÄ¡pw FXn-cmb ka-c-¯nÂ, AÂ_-bnÂ, X§-fpsS Irjn-¡m-scbpw ImÀjn-ID¸m-Z-I-scbpw c£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Zcn{Z cmPy-§-fpsS Ah-Imiw \ntj-[n-¡-s¸Sm³ ]mSn-Ã.
4. ImÀjnI {]hÀ¯\w ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn«pÅ Zcn-{Z-cm-Py-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨n-St¯mfw, Cd-¡p-aXn sN¿-s¸« ImÀjnI Nc-¡p-IÄ B`y-´c hn]-Wn-I-fn h¶v
Ipan-bp-I-bm-sW-¦n (k-_vknUn \ne-hn-en-Ãm¯ cmPy-§-fn CXv IqSp-X {]I-S49
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
am-Wv) Zi-e-£-¡-W-¡n\v Irjn-¡m-cp-sSbpw \m«p-Im-cp-sSbpw Pohn-Xs¯ AXv Xncn¨p-sIm-−p-h-cm-\m-hm-¯-hn[w tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-¡pw.
ImÀjn-tIm¸m-Z\w hymh-km-bn-tIm¸m-Z-\-s¯-¡mÄ F{Xtbm IqSp-Xembn-«pÅ
cmPy-§-fn kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb hcWm-[n-Im-cw- kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ ASn-Øm-\amWv Irjn; B taJ-e-bnse Hcp Pohn-X-co-Xn-bm-WXv; {]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bpÅ _Ô¯nsâ \S]Sn-{Ia§sf \nÀh-Nn-¡p-¶Xv AXm-Wv. kzm{in-XXzw hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶Xp-ambpw kpc-£n-X-Xz-ambpw AXn\v t\cn«v _Ô-ap-−v. Cu cmPy-§-fn Irjn Gsd¡psd Hcp Poh\ amÀKw Xs¶-bm-Wv. atä-sX-¦nepw km¼-¯nI {]hÀ¯-\-s¯t¸mse AXns\ IW-¡m-¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bnÃ.
DZv{K-Y-\-¯n\p ap¶n-epÅ XS-Ê-§sf Ah-bpsS ASn-th-cn h-¨p-Xs¶, AÂ_
B{I-an-t¡-−-Xp-−vþ AXmbXv,(F) P\-§fn an¡-h-cp-sSbpw Zmcn-{Zyw.
(_n) cmPy-§Ä X½n-epÅ AKm-[-amb Ak-a-Xz-§fpw ]c-kv]cw s]mcp-¯-an-Ãm-bvabpw.
(kn) Aka-amb ssIam-ä-§fpw A´m-cmjv{S _Ô-§-fp-sS Akaam-b kv-Yn-Xn-KXnIfpw.
(Un) "Xncn-¨-S-bv¡m³ h¿m¯'- hmbv]-bpsS `mcw.
(C) sF.-Fw.-F^pw temI-_m¦pw sI«n-tb¸n¨ LS-\m-]-c-amb \o¡p-t]m-¡pIsf kw_-Ôn¨ \b-§fpw kmaq-ly-þ-cm-jv{Sob ]n´p-W-bpsS ASn-¯d- -I-sf¯s¶ A«n-a-dn-¡p¶ temI hym]m-c-kw-L-S-\-bpsS IÀi-\-amb \nb-a-§-fpw.
(F-^v) _u²nI kz¯-h-Im-is¯ kw_-Ôn¨ C¶s¯ Icm-dp-IÄ ImcWw hnÚm\hpw hnh-chpw kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zybpw e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn\p ap¶n-epÅ XS-Ê-§Ä.
(Pn) bYmÀ° P\m-[n-]Xyw ZrVo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xns\ _m[n-¡p¶ Ip¯-I-h¡-cn-¡s¸« kmaqly _lp-P\ am[y-a-§-sf-t¸m-se-bpÅ {]iv\-§-fn {i²n-¡Â.
\nb-{´Ww \o¡Â, kzIm-cy-h¡-c-Ww, s]mXp `c-W-¯nsâ {]hÀ¯-\-£-a-Xsb
XIÀ¡Â XpS-§nb \ymb-c-ln-X-amb {]{In-b-I-fn-te¡v am{Xw \s½ \bn-¡p¶
kÀ¡m-cnsâ "]cn-jvI-c-Wm'-lzm-\-§Äs¡-Xn-cmbn Dd-¨p -\n¡p-I.
\h-en-_-d A[o-i-Xz-¯nsâ Hcp ]Xn-äm-−n-e-[nIw Ime¯v kÀ¡mÀ A\p-`-hn-t¡−n-h-¶, ss]im-Nn-I-amb hn[-¯n kÀ¡m-cns\ CÃm-Xm-¡p¶ \S-]-Sn-¡pÅ adp]Sn F¶ \ne-bnÂ, s]mXp Imcy-§-fn ]uc-·mÀ¡pÅ ]¦m-fn-¯-¯nsâ ASn-Øm\-¯n `cWIq-Ss¯bpw Kh¬saâp-I-sfbpw ià-am-¡Â.
kzX{´ hn]-Wn-sbbpw kzX{´ hym]m-c-s¯bpw \ymbo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xns\ tNmZyw
sNt¿-−Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. IqSp-X DbÀ¶ \ne-hm-c-¯n-epÅ hfÀ¨-bn-te¡pw
Iq«mb t£a-¯n-te¡pw apt¶-dp-sa¶v bm{´n-I-ambn Dd-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Cu k¦Â¸-\§Ä am{Xw aXn F¶ \ne-bv¡mWv hmZw.
cmPy-§Ä X½n X½n-epÅ Ak-a-Xz-§Ä Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xn\v kÀ¡m-cnsâ B`n-ap-Jy¯n-epÅ hyà-amb CS-s]-S D−m-Ip-¶n-sÃ-¦n Ak-a-amb cmPy-§Ä X½n-epÅ
kzX{´ aÕ-cw, Gähpw ZpÀ_-e-amb cmPy-§sf Gähpw IqSp-XÂ _m[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\nS-bm-¡pw.
emän-\-ta-cn-¡³ DZv{K-Y\w IqSp-X AKm-[-am-¡n-¯oÀ¡p-¶-Xn-\v, A´m-cmjv{S
kwL-S-\-I-fpsS Aip-`-kq-N-I-amb kzm[o-\-¯nÂ\n-s¶Ãmw ]pd¯p IS-¶v, ]c-am-[nImc cmPy-§-fm \nÀh-Nn-¡-s¸-«n-«pÅ Hcp km¼-¯nI AP− Bh-iy-am-Wv.
s_m-fnth-dn-b³ ]o¸nÄkv tIm¬{K-Ênsâ kw-LS\m-Im-cy- sk{I-«dn C§s\
{]kvXm-hn-¡p¶p: ""hntam-N-\-¯n-\m-bpÅ Hcp cmjv{Sob Bbp-[-am-bn-cn-¡Ww
AÂ_. atä-sXmcp Bbp-[-s¯bpw t]mse-Xs¶ AXpw, amdn-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p¶ ]cnXx-Øn-Xn-IÄ¡p ap¶n Imcy-£-ahpw F¶mÂ, Ab-hp-ÅXpw Bbn-cn-¡-Ww. \mw
F´n-\m-WnXv kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv? \ap-¡p-ta A[o-iXzw Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ km{am-Py-Xz¯nsâ ]pXnb AS-hp-Isf XSªp-\nÀ¯p¶ Hcp `n¯n-bmbn AÂ_ {]hÀ-¯n-t¡−n-bn-cn-¡p¶p F¶v \mw hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. DZm-l-c-W-¯n-\v, F^v.-Sn.F.F ]cm-P-b-s¸«-t¸mÄ, F{Xtbm "sNdnb F^v.-Sn.-F.-F-IÄ' {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶-Xmbn \mw I−p. Cu
hmWnPy \nÀt±-i-s¯, Cu taJ-e-sb-s¡m−v AwKo-I-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v ]tcm-£-ambn
\nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th-−n-bm-bn-cp¶p AXv.
50
""emän-\-ta-cn-¡³-þ-I-co-_n-b³ cmPy-§Ä {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p¶ Gähpw sNdnb ZuÀ_ey-¯nÂ\n-¶p-t]mepw apX-se-Sp-¡m-sa-¶mWv Ata-cn¡ (bp.-F-kv.-F) Bin-¡p-¶-Xv.
Fs´-¦nepw `n¶X AhÀ aW-¡p-¶p-sh-¦nÂ, ]n¶oSv \s½ ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\m-bn, \s½ At\ym\yw FXn-cm¡n \nÀ¯m³ AhÀ {ian-¡pw.
""AÂ_-bnse P\-X-I-fmb \½Ä, Ata-cn-¡-³- `q-JÞ¯n-se P\-X-I-fmb \½Ä,
\½psS ]ptcm-K-a\ Kh¬saâp-I-fpsSbpw P\-Iob kwL-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw ]n´p-W-tbmsS, ]pXnb tImf-\n-hmgvN sI«n-tb¸n-¡p-¶-Xns\ þ Hcp "sNdnb F^v.-Sn.-F.F'
AsÃ-¦n \nc-h[n F®w þ AwKo-I-cn-¡m³ hnk-½-Xn-¡pw. t\sc-a-dn-¨,v AhÀ¡v \½psS
AÂ_-tbbpw "sNdnb AÂ_'Isfbpw t\cn-tS-−n-h-cpw. AÂ_-bpsS N«-¡q-Sn-\pÅn H¸p-h-bv¡-s¸« Icm-dp-I-fn Hmtcm¶pw emän-\-ta-cn-¡³-þ-I-co-_n-b³ dn¸-»n¡p-I-fpsS Hcp tIm¬s^-U-td-j³ \nÀ½n-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-bn-¯o-cp¶ Dd¨
CjvSn-I-sb-t¸mse {]hÀ¯n-¡pw. DZv{K-Y-\-¯n-\m-bpÅ P\-Iob iàn-I-fpsS
hÀ¯-am-\-Ime D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw CXm-Wv.''
(33) JÞnI 7.7: km{am-Py-Xz-¯nsâ cmjv{So-b hi-¯nsâ kzm[o-\-s¯- Ipd-¨p-Im-Wp-¶Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨v, AXm-bXv ""cmjv{So-bs¯ \m-bIXz-¯nÂ'-'- \nÀ-¯p-¶Xn-s\¡p-dn-¨v- "km{am-PyXzw: apX-em-fn-¯-¯nsâ Gähpw DbÀ¶ L«w' F¶ Xsâ IrXn-bnÂ
se\n³ \ÂIp¶ ap¶-dn-bn¸v {i²n-t¡-−Xv, Cu kµÀ`-¯n Bh-iy-am-Wv. ASn-¨aÀ¯-ensâ Ime-¯mWv Cu eLp-teJ FgpXs¸«Xv F¶ Imcyw \mw HmÀ¡-Ww.
AXp-sIm−v kmdnÌv A[n-Im-cnI-fnÂ\n¶v c£-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-\mbn cmjv{So-b-amb Du¶ens\ kaÀ°-ambn ad-¨p-sh-t¡-−-Xp-−m-bn-cp-¶p. A¯cw Iui-e-§Ä Is−-¯p-¶-Xn\pÅ A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS Ign-hp-I-sf, se\n³ FÃm-bv-t¸mgpw Ah-Ú-tbm-sS-bmWv
ho£n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. AXv ChnsS icn-bm-sW¶v sXfn-bp¶p.
(34) JÞnI 7.9: Z£n-Wm-{^n-¡-bn Ah-ew-_n-¨p-h-cp¶ km¼-¯nI \b-§-fpsS
kz`mh khn-ti-j-X, {ZpX-K-Xn-bn hn]-Wn-IÄ Xpd-¶n-Sp-¶Xpw Xmcn^v Ip¯s\
sh«n-¡p-dbv¡p¶Xn-eq-sSbpw hn\n-ab \nb-{´-W-§Ä Dt]-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sSbpw
DÅ DZm-c-h¡-c-Whpw BWv. tZiob hyh-kmb \bw hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ
IqSp-X {][m-\-ambn I−-Xv, hntZi \nt£-]-Isc {]oXn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\mWv. km¼¯nI \b-§Ä¡v hfÀ¨, sXmgnÂ, ]p\Àhn-X-cWw "(KnbÀ) X{´w' F¶mWv t]cn-«ncp-¶-sX-¦nepw Hu]-Nm-cn-I-amb sXmgn CSn-ªp-sIm-t−-bn-cp¶p; cmPy-¯nsâ
k¼¯v hwio-bm-Sn-Øm-\-¯n Ak-a-ambn hnX-cWw sN¿-s¸-«n-cp-¶Xv XpSÀ¶psIm-t−-bn-cp-¶p. km¼-¯nI hfÀ¨ sa¨-s¸-«p-sh-¦nepw "Knbdn'sâ {i²m-tI{µw
IÀi-\-amb [\-þ-]W e£y-§-fn-em-bn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm−v, tPmen krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xns\
ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-−pÅ hfÀ¨, P\-§-fpsS Bh-iy-§Ä \nd-th-äÂ,
Zmcn{Zyw Ipd-bv¡Â, IqSp-X Xpey-amb coXn-bn k¼-¯nsâ hnX-cWw XpS-§nb
e£y-§Ä ssIh-cn-¡p-¶-Xn AXv ]cm-P-b-s¸-«p.
P\-§sf AWn-\n-c¯n {]hÀ¯-\-\n-c-X-cm-¡p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ ]pXnb
Nme-I-i-àn-bm-bn-¯oÀ¶Xv hn]-Wn-bm-Wv. ""hn¡m³ X¿m-dpÅ Zi-e-£-¡-W-¡n\m-fp-I-sfbpw hm§m³ X¿m-dpÅ Zi-e-£-¡-W-¡n-\m-fp-I-fp-sSbpw AZr-iy-amb Ic§Ä amä-¯n-te¡p \bn¡pw'' F¶mWv hniz-kn-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶X
- .v ""kzmX{´y {]Jym-]-\''¯nÂ\n¶v auen-I-ambpw hyXy-kvX-amb hn\m-i-I-c-amb Cu km¼-¯nI \b-§sf
Z£n-Wm-{^n-¡³ I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀSn (F-kv.-F.-kn.-]n) "1996 ]²Xn' F¶mWv hnfn-¡p¶-Xv. ""Nne BtKm-f-þ-B-`y-´c aqe-[\ hn`m-K-§fpw cmjv{S-¯n-\p-Ånse Hcp- {]tXyI Im-UÀ- hn-`m-Khpw- DbÀ¶p-h-cp¶ Idp¯ _qÀjzm-knbpw X½n-epÅ hÀK-k-Jy¯nsâ ^e-amWv CXv'' F¶m-Wv I½yqWnÌv ]mÀ-Sn- AXn-s\ hn-tijn-¸n-¨Xv.- ASn¯-«n-epÅ kPoh {]hÀ¯-I-tc-¡mÄ, apX-em-fn¯ k¼-Zvhy-h-Øsb "ssIImcyw
sNbvX' ]pXnb km-t¦Xn-I ta[m-hn-Xz- htc-Wy-hn-`m-K-amWv F.-F³.-kn-bpsS ]pXnb
{]apJ tIUÀam-cmbn DbÀ¶p-h-¶-Xv. F.-F³.-knbpw Fkv.-F.-kn.-]nbpw kn.-H.-F-kv.F.-Sn.-bphpw X½n-epÅ {XnI£n kJy-am-bn-cp-¶nà \nÀ®m-bI kJyw; adn-¨v, hyhØm-]n-X-amb shÅ aqe-[-\hpw F.-F³.-kn-tbmSv Iq«p-Iq-Sn-bn-«p-ÅXpw DbÀ¶p-h-cp¶-Xp-amb Idp-¯- apX-em-fn¯ hn`m-Khpw X½n-epÅ Iq«p-sI-«m-bn-cp-¶p. X§-fpsS
e£y-§Ä t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn Cu ]²-Xn, F.-F³.-kn-bpsSbpw kÀ¡m-cnsâbpw taepÅ \nb-{´-Ws¯ h³tXm-Xn B{i-bn¨pw.- X§-fpsS e£yw t\Sp-¶Xn-\mbn Kh¬saâv ssIs¡m-Åp¶ \nÀ®m-b-Ihpw X{´-{]-[m-\-hp-amb Xocp-am-\-§fnÂ\n¶v kJy-I-£n-I-sfbpw ]e-t¸m-gpw F.-F³.-kn-sb-¯s
- ¶bpw 1996 se ]²Xn
AIän \nÀ¯n. tImf-\n-hm-gvN-bv¡p-ti-j-apÅ `c-W-Iq-S-¯n X§-fpsS B[n-Im-cn51
IX ap{Z-Ip-¯p-¶-Xn\pw X§-fpsS Xm¸-cy-§Ä¡v tbmPn¨ \b-§Ä \S-¸m-¡p-¶Xn\pw DÅ apX-em-fn-hÀK-¯nsâ Hcp {ia-am-bn-cp¶p CXv.
Cu ]²Xn \S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, Kh¬saân-sâbpw F.-F³.-kn-bp-sSbpw {]hÀ-¯-\¯n KWy-amb amä-§Ä Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-¶p. F.-F³.-kn-bpsS P\m-[n-]Xy ]mc-¼-cy§Ä¡v hncp-²-am-bn, Hgn-ªp-\n¡p-¶Xpw cl-kym-ß-I-hp-amb Hcp ssien AXn\m-h-iy-am-bn-cp-¶p. ""kzmX{´y {]Jym-]\''t¯mSv {]Xn-Úm-_-²-X-bpÅ FÃm hn`mK-§Ä¡pw CSw \ÂIp¶ Hcp hnime thZn-bpsS cq]-¯n-te¡v F.-F³.-knsb amän¯oÀt¡-−-Xp-−m-bn-cp-¶p. P\-§-fpsS Bh-iy-§Ä DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¨p-sIm−v Ahsc
AWn-\n-c-¯p-¶-Xn\pw {]t£m-`-§Ä kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw DÅ F.-F³.-kn-bpsS
Ign-hnsâ aqÀ¨ XIÀt¡-−Xpw Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-¶p. F.-F³.kn XIÀ¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xnte¡pw kJyw {]hÀ¯-\-c-ln-X-am-¡p-¶-Xn-te¡pw kwL-S-\-IÄ-¡p-Ån Kpcp-X-camb `n¶n¸v D−m-Ip-¶-Xn-te¡pw {]Øm-\-amsI Agn-a-Xn-bnepw A]-hm-Z-¯nepw
hn`m-Ko-b-X-bnepw sN¶p IpSp-§p-¶-Xn-te¡pw BWv, CsXÃmw \bn-¨-Xv. CsXm¶pw
{]Xy-b-im-kv{Xs¯ ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-bp-Å-Xm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã, adn¨v CS-]m-Sp-IÄ¡pw
sS−-dp-IÄ¡pw taepÅ XÀ¡-§-sf-kw-_-Ôn-¨p-Å-Xm-bn-cp¶p.
F.-F³.-kn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯nse Hcp hn`m-Khpw Kh¬saâpw A\p-hÀ¯n-¨p-h¶
Cu ]²-Xn, P\-§-fnepw F.-F³.-kn-bpsS AwK-§-fnepw Akw-Xr]vXn P\n-¸n¨pþ F.F³.-kn-bpsS hnizkvX kJy-I-£n-I-fmb Fkv.-F.-kn.-]n-bp-sSbpw kn.-H.-F-kv.-F.-Sn.bp-hn-sâbpw Imcyw ]ns¶ ]d-tb-−-Xn-Ã-tÃm. tZiob P\m-[n-]Xy hn¹-h-¯n-\v
(F³.-Un.-BÀ) BLm-XamsW¶v IW-¡m-¡-s¸« Cu {ia-§Äs¡Xn-cmbn Cu
kwL-S-\-IÄ X§-fpsS A`n-{]mbhy-Xym-kw- {]I-Sn-¸n-¡m\pw Ahsb sNdp-¡m\pw
Bcw-`n-¨p. sXmgn-em-fn-hÀKw, AXnsâ {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-amb h¼n¨ IS-¶m-{I-a-Ww,
Gähpw Bh-iy-am-bn-S-s¯Ãmw kwL-Sn-¸n-¨pþ kJy-¯nsâ {]mtZ-inI LS-I-§fnepw _lp-P\ LS-\I--fnepw FÃmw. AtX Ah-k-c-¯n X§-fpsS kz´w Ims¼bv\p-Ifpw X§-fpsS kzmX-{´yhpw Dt]-£n-¡m-sX-bmWv C§s\ sNbvX-Xv. CXn-sâsbÃmw ^e-am-bn-«mWv F.-F³.-kn-bpsS 2005 se \mj-W P\-d Iu¬kn-enepw
XpSÀ¶v s]mtfmIvth\n tNÀ¶ AXnsâ tIm¬{K-Ênepw Akw-Xr]vXn "s]m«n-¸p-ds¸-«-'Xv. F.-F³.-kn.-bp-sS ASn-¯-«n-epÅ AwK-§Ä 1996 se hÀK-]-²-Xn-s¡-Xn-cmbn
\S-¯nb h¼n¨ Iem]w sIm−v {it²-b-am-bn-¯oÀ¶p s]mtfmIvth³ kt½-f-\w.
2007 Unkw-_-dn B{^n-¡³ \mj-W tIm¬{K-Ênsâ 52-þ-m-aXv kt½-f\w \S¯n þ s]mtfmIvth³ kt½-f\w.- kwL-S\m sXc-sª-Sp-¸n \ne-hn-epÅ {]knUâv Xmt_m Fws_-¡nsb tP¡_v kpa ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-bXv B kt½-f-\-¯nÂ
h¨m-Wv. B kt½-f\w ]e \nebv¡pw, bYmÀ°-¯n Ncn-{X-{]-[m\w Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p. F.-F³.-kn-bpsS P\m-[n-]Xy ]mc-¼-cy-§-fn Gähpw sa¨-s¸-«-hsb {]tbm-K¯n FSp¯p ImWn-¡p-¶-Xn\p ]pd-sa, AXnsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nse auen-I-amb amäw
sIm−pw 2007 a[y-¯nse \b tIm¬^-d³kv ip]mÀi sNbvX \nc-h[n ]ptcm-K-a\
\b-§Ä AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sSbpw AXv {it²-b-am-bn. F.-F³.-kn-¡p-Ånse 1996
se ]²-Xnsb ISp¯p coXn-bn _ln-jvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sSbpw (]qÀ®-ambpw ]cm-Pb-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«n-«n-sÃ-¦n-epw) B kt½-f\w AS-bmfs¸-Sp¯s¸«p. F.-F³.-knbpw
Fkv.-F.-kn.-]nbpw kn.-H.-F-kv.-F.-Sn.-bphpw X½n-epÅ kJys¯ XIÀ¡p-¶-Xn\pw
F³.-Un.-B-dnsâ amÀK-¯nÂ\n¶pw kzmX-{´y-{]-Jym-]-\-¯n \ÂInb hmKvZm-\-§fnÂ\n¶pw F.-F³.-knsb ]n´n-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw apX-em-fn-hÀKw \S-¯nb {iaw ]cmP-b-s¸-«p. Ah-cpsS ]cm-P-b-s¸« Cu {iaw sIm−pw AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«-XmWv Cu
kt½-f-\w. dmUn-¡Â tZiob P\m-[n-]Xy hn¹hw ZrVhpw AKm-[-hp-am-bn-¯oÀ¡p¶-Xn\v F.-F³.-kn¡v Hcp s]mtfm-Iv-th³ kt½-f\w th−n-h¶p F¶v, bYmÀ°¯n hymJym-\n-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bp-−m-bn.
(35) JÞnI 10.10: I½yq-WnÌv CâÀ\m-j-W-ensâ c−mw tIm¬{K-Ên {]kw-Kn-¨psIm−v se\n³ C§s\ {]kvXm-hn-¡p-I-bp-−mbn: ""]mÀe-saâdn ka-c-§-fn ]s¦Sp-¡p-¶Xv ka-b-w \jvSs¸Sp-¯-em-sW¶v ChnsS Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-I-bp-−m-bn. ]mÀesaân F¶ t]mse FÃm hÀK-§Ä¡pw Xm¸-cy-apÅ atä-sX-¦nepw Øm]-\s¯-¡p-dn-¨v, BÀs¡-¦nepw k¦Â¸n-¡m³ Ign-bptam? CXv Ir{Xn-a-ambn D−m-¡m³
Ign-bp-¶-X-Ã. ]mÀe-saâdn ka-c-¯n-te¡v FÃm hÀK§fpw BIÀjn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh¦nÂ, hÀK-Xm¸-cy-§fpw kwLÀj-§fpw FÃmw ]mÀe-saân {]Xn-^-en-¡-s¸-Sp¶-Xp-sIm-−m-W-Xv. apX-em-fn-¯s¯ Hscm--ä-b-Sn¡v A«n-a-dn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-¯nÂ
\nÀ®m-b-I-amb Hcp s]mXp]Wn-ap-S¡v FÃm-bn-S¯pw s]s«¶v kwL-Sn-¸n-¡m³ Ign52
bp-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n GXm\pw cmPy-§-fn hn¹hw CXn-\-Iw-Xs¶ \S-¶p-I-gn-ªn-«p−m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p. F¶mÂ, \mw hkvXp-X-IÄ IW-¡n-se-Sp-¡p-Ibpw hÀK-k-a-c¯nsâ Hcp thZn-bmWv ]mÀe-saâv F¶v a\-Ên-em-¡p-Ibpw thWw.'' (kamlr-X-IrXn-IÄ, hmfyw 31)
\ap¡v _qÀjzm ]mÀe-saâv ]ncn-¨p-hn-Sm³ Ign-bm-¯n-S-t¯mfw Imew, \mw AXn\p-Ån \n-¶p-sIm−pw ]pd-¯p-\n-¶p-sIm−pw AXn-s\-Xn-cmbn {]hÀ¯n-¡Ww.
sXmgn-em-fn-Isf h©n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn _qÀjzmkn \ntbm-Kn-¨n-«pÅ _qÀjzm P\m-[n]Xy D]-I-c-W-§-fn A[zm-\n-¡p¶ P\-§-fn (sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀKw am{X-a-Ã, AÀ²
sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK-¯nÂs¸-«-hcpw sNdp-InS Irjn-¡m-cpw) Gsd-¡psd KWy-amb Hcp
hn`m-K-¯n\v Ct¸mgpw hnizm-k-ap-Ån-S-t¯mfw Imew, sXmgn-em-fn-I-fn ]nt¶m¡w
\n¡p¶ hn`m-K-§Ä ({]-tXy-In¨pw sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK-a-Ãm¯ A[zm-\n-¡p¶ P\§Ä) Gähpw kp{]-[m-\-sa¶pw B[n-Im-cn-I-sa¶pw IW-¡m-¡p¶ AtX thZnbnÂ\n-¶p-sIm−v \mw B h©-\sb Xpd-¶p-Im-Wn-¡-Ww.'' (hmfyw 31, t]Pv 268þ269)
AsX-´m-bmepw se\n³ ap¶-dn-bn¸v \ÂIp-Ibpw Du¶n-¸-d-bp-Ibpw sN¿p¶p:
""hn¹h sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK-¯nsâ ]mÀSn _lp-P-\-§sf {]_p-²-cm-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th−n
_qÀjzm ]mÀe-saâp-I-fn ]s¦-Sp-¡-Ww. sXc-sª-Sp-¸p-I-fpsS Ime¯pw ]mÀesaân ]mÀSn-IÄ X½n-epÅ ka-c-¯n-\n-S-bnepw CXv sN¿m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. F¶mÂ,
hÀK-k-a-c-s¯ ]mÀe-saâdn ka-c-¯n-te¡v ]cnanX-s¸Sp¯n\nÀ¯p¶tXm ]mÀesaâdn ka-c-amWv Gähpw DbÀ¶Xpw \nÀ®m-b-I-hp-amb cq]-sa¶v IW-¡m-¡p¶tXm (a-säÃm ka-c-cq-]-§fpw CXn\v Iogn-em-bn-cn-¡Ww F¶v Icp-Xp-¶-tXm)
bYmÀ°-¯n sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK-¯n-s\-Xn-sc, _qÀjzm-kn-bpsS `mK-t¯-¡pÅ Hfnt¨m-«-am-Wv.'' (hmfyw 30, t]Pv 272)
""PÀ½-\n-bnse I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Imsc kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw ]mÀe-saâ-dnkw "cmjv{Sob-ambn Ime-l-c-W-s¸-«-Xmbn'¡gn-ªp-sh-¶Xp icn- X-s¶. F¶mÂ, \s½ kw_Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw Ime-l-c-W-s¸-«-Xv, Hcp hÀKs¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw, _lp-P-\§sf kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw Ime-l-c-W-s¸-«-XmWv F¶v \mw Icp-Xcp--Xvþ AXmWv
Imcyw. Hcp hÀK-¯nsâ ]mÀSn F¶ \ne-bnÂ, _lp-P-\-§-fpsS ]mÀSn F¶ \nebn F§-s\-bmWv {]hÀ¯n-t¡-−Xv F¶v, F§-s\-bmWv bp-Iv-Xn-bp-Iv-Xam-bn- hmZn-t¡-−-sX¶v "CS-Xp-]£'¡mÀ¡v Adn-bnà F¶v ChnsS \mw ho−pw a\-Ên-em-¡p¶p. _lp-P-\-§-fpsS \ne-hm-c-¯n-te¡v,- _lp-P-\-§-fnÂ\n¶pw ]nt¶m¡w
\n¡p-¶-h-cpsS Xe-¯n-te¡v \n§Ä Xmgv¶p-t]m-I-cp-Xv. B Imcy-¯n XÀ¡-ap−m-hm³ CS-bn-Ãm-¯-Xm-W-Xv. \n§Ä Ah-tcmSv Ibvt¸-dnb kXyw ]d-bp-I-Xs¶
thWw. Ah-cpsS _qÀjzm P\m-[n-]-Xy-þ-]mÀe-saâdn ap³hn-[n-I-sf, Ah-sb-´mtWm
A§s\ hnfn-¡m³ \n§Ä¡v _m[y-X-bp-−vþ AXm-bXv ap³hn-[n-IÄ- F¶p- X-s¶.
F¶mÂ, AtX-k-abwXs¶, ap-gp-h³- -hÀK-¯n-sâbpw (A-Xnsâ ap¶-Wn-¸-S-bmb
I½yq-Wn-Ìp-Im-cpsS am{X-a-Ã) A[zm-\n-¡p¶ FÃm P\-§-fp-sSbpw (Ahcn ap¶Wn-bn \n¡p¶ hn`m-K-§-fpsS am{X-a-Ã) hÀK-t_m-[-¯n-sâbpw {]hÀ¯\ k¶²-X-bp-sSbpw bYmÀ° Ah-Ø-sb-¡p-dn¨v \½Ä ka-Nn-¯-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]cn-K-Wn¡p-Ibpw thWw. (hmfyw 31, t]Pv 58-þ59)
(36) JÞnI 10.11: Cu kµÀ`-¯n \ap¡v se\ns\ A\p-kva-cn-¡mw. ""FÃm cmPy-§-fnsebpw tkmjy-en-Ìp-Imsc X¶n-te¡v kzbw ASp-¸n-¡p¶ Cu kn²m-´-¯nsâ
A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-amb BIÀjWw InS-¡p-¶-Xv, IÀi-\-ambpw ]c-a-ambpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn-cn-¡pI F¶ KpW-hn-ti-js¯ (km-aq-ly-im-kv{X-¯nse Ah-km\ hm¡v AXmb-Xp-sIm-−v) hn¹-h-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-¡pI F¶ KpW-hn-ti-j-hp-ambn AXv ka-\z-bn-¸n¡p¶p F¶ hkvXp-X-bn-em-Wv. Ahsb AXv BI-kvan-I-ambn ka-\z-bn-¸n-¡pIbÃ
sN¿p-¶Xv; Cu kn²m-´-¯nsâ Øm]-I³ hyàn-]-c-am-bn-¯s¶ imkv{X-Úsâbpw hn¹-h-Im-cn-bp-sSbpw KpW-hn-ti-j-§Ä X¶n ka-\z-bn-¸n¨p F¶ Imc-W¯m am{X-a-à AXv; adn¨v XnI¨pw ss\kÀKn-I-ambpw Ahn-`m-Py-ambpw A§s\
sN¿p-¶p-sh-¶-Xn-\m-em-Wv.''
(37) JÞnI 10.6: "]pXnb \qäm−v' F¶ Xsâ {KÙ-¯n FdnIv tlm_vkv_mw
C§s\ {]kvXm-hn-¡p¶p: ""P\-§-fpsS bYmÀ° A\p-`-h-§-fnÂ\n¶v kzb-tah
tZiob an¯p-IÄ DbÀ¶p-h-cp-¶n-Ã. asä-´nÂ\nt¶m P\-§Ä BÀÖn-¡p¶
asät´m BWXvþ ]pkvX-I-§-fnÂ\nt¶m Ncn-{X-Im-c-·m-cn \nt¶m kn\n-a-I-fnÂ
\nt¶m Ct¸m-gnXm sSen-hn-j³ D−m-¡p¶ P\-§-fn \nt¶m.- s]mXp-hn Ah
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Ncn{X kvac-W-bp-tStbm- ss]Xr-I-§-fp-tStbm `mK-a-Ã. Nne {]tXyI kµÀ`-§-fnse
A]-hm-Z-§-sfm-gn-¨v.- A¯cw kµÀ`-§-fn Ime-{I-taW Hcp tZiob an¯mbn Xocp¶-Xv. aX-¯nsâ Hcp- DÂ]-¶-am-Wv. PqX-·m-cpsS DZm-l-cWw \½psS ap¶n-ep-−v-.
C{k-tbÂ`qan-bn \n¶v ]pd-¯m-¡-s¸-«Xpw Ahn-tSbv¡v Dd-¸m-bp-apÅ Xncn-¨p-hchpw aX-N-S-§p-I-fp-sSbpw kmln-Xy-¯n-sâbpw `mK-ambn¯oÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. Nne ]cnan-Xn-I-tfm-sS CXv skÀ_p-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw icn-bm-Wv. ImcWw a[y-Im-eL-«-¯n skÀ_n-b³ cmjv{Sw \jvS-s¸-«-Xv, HmÀ¯-tUmIvkv aX NS-§p-I-fpsS `mKambn XoÀ¶n-cn-¡p¶p; skÀ_n-b³ cmPm-¡-·m-cn GXm-s−-Ãm-hcpw HmÀ¯tUmIvkv hnizm-k-¯nsâ {]Xo-I-§-fmbn XoÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. AsXmcp {]tXyI tIkmWv. F¶m Chn-sSbpw P\-§Ä \nc-´cw AXv A\p-kva-cn-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶-XÃ
{]iv-\w.- Ah-cXv HmÀan-¡p-¶-Xv, Ahsc Btcm \nc-´cw HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-−n-cn¡p-¶-Xn-\m-emWv''
(38) JÞnI 10.20: C´y³ ]cn-Xx-Øn-Xn-I-fn NqjnX hÀK-§-fpsS sFIys¯
XIÀ¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ A¯cw bXv\-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v kn.-]n.sF (Fw) \v t_m[y-ap-−v-.
XpSÀ¨-bmbn \S¶ ]mÀSn tIm¬{K-kp-IÄ AwKo-I-cn¨ dnt¸mÀ«p-I-fn Ah-sb-Ipdn¨v ]cm-aÀin-¨n-«p-ap-−vþ {]tXy-In¨pw 14-þ-mw tIm¬{K-kn\v tijw.- X§-fpsS AhIm-i-§fpw kzbw-`-c-Wm-[n-Imc Iu¬kn-ep-Ifpw kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th−n tKm{Xkz-Xz-¯nsâ A`n-em-j-§Ä hfÀ¶p-h-¶-Xn-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ ]cm-aÀi-§Ä. 15-þmw ]mÀSn
tIm¬{Kkv AwKo-I-cn¨ cmjv{Sob kwL-S\m dnt¸mÀ«n-se, ""{]tXyI kzXz-¯n\p
th−n-bpÅ {]Øm-\-§-tfm-SpÅ kao-]\w'' F¶ {]tXyI hn`m-K-¯nÂ, CXns\
Ipdn¨pw A[zm-\n-¡p¶ P\-hn-`m-K-§-fpsS sFIyw XIÀ¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th−n PmXn-þ-a-Xþ-hw-iob kzXz-§sf D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ ]n´n-cn-¸³ iàn-IÄ \S-¯n-sIm-−n-cn-¡p¶
asäÃm hnL-S\ {ia-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw DÅ \½psS \ne-]mSv hni-Z-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p¶p-−v.
15-þmw tIm¬{K-knsâ cmjv{So-b-þ-kw-L-S\m dnt¸mÀ«n C§s\ {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cn¡p¶p: ""kmaq-ly-amb ASn-¨-aÀ¯Â Hgn-hm-¡p-¶-Xn\pw PmXn-sIm−v hn−p-Io-dnb
kaq-l-¯n X§-fpsS Ah-Im-i-§Ä Øm]n-s¨-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\pw DÅ Zfn-X-cp-sSbpw
]nt¶m¡ hÀK-§-fp-sSbpw Xzcbpw Ah-cnse hfÀ¶p-h-cp¶ Ah-t_m-[hpw BWv,
Cu {]Xn-`m-k-¯nsâ Hcp hiw. kmaq-ly-\oXn F¶ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-¯n\v ià-amb
BIÀj-IXzw e`n-¡p-¶p-−v. {KmaoW taJ-e-I-fnse Zfn-X-cnepw Nhn-«n-b-c-bv¡-s¸-«-hcnepw DÅ henb hn`m-K-§sf AWn-\n-c-¯p-¶-Xn Cu ap{Zm-hmIyw hnPbw ssIhcn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. taÂPm-Xn-¡mÀ \S-¯p¶ ASn-¨-aÀ¯-ensâ {]iv\-¯n-em-bmepw icn,
tPmen kwh-c-W-¯nsâ {]iv\-¯n-em-bmepw icn, ]gb hyh-Øsb shÃp-hn-fn-¡m³
Cu hn`m-K-§Ä apt¶m«v h¶p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. kaq-l-¯nse Gähpw A[nIw
ASn-¨-aÀ¯-s¸-Sp¶ hn`m-K-§fp-sS A`n-em-j-§sf {]Xn-^-en-¸n-¡p¶ Cu DWÀs¯gp-t¶Â]n\v P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb Hcp DÅ-S-¡-ap-−v.
""AtX Ah-k-c-¯n Xs¶, thm«v _m¦ns\ ZrVo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw ASn-¨-aÀ¯-s¸Sp¶ Cu hn`m-K-§sf s]mXp P\m-[n-]Xy {]Øm-\-¯n \n¶v AIän \nÀ¯p-Ibpw
sN¿pI F¶ k¦p-NnX e£y-¯n-\p-th−n PmXn-]-c-amb hn`-P-\-§sf imiz-X-am¡n
\ne-\nÀ¯m³ {ian-¡p¶ X\n PmXo-bamb Blzm-\-§fpw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-−v.
PmXn-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n-epÅ {[pho-I-c-Ws¯ X§-fpsS k¦p-Nn-X-amb Xnc-sªSp¸v t\«-§Ä¡p-th−n {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m³ ]e PmXn t\Xm-¡fpw {ian-¡p¶p;
FÃm PmXn-I-fn-epw-s]-«, ASn-¨-aÀ¯-s¸-«-h-cpsS s]mXp-hmb {]Øm\w sI«n-¸-Sp-¡p¶-Xn-t\mSv AhÀ i{XpX ]peÀ¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
""ASn-¨-aÀ¯-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀ GXv PmXn-bn-tem, aX-¯n-tem -s]-Sp-¶-h-cm-sW-¦nepw
icn, Ah-cp-sS-sbÃmw sFIy-¯n\pth−n \ne-sIm-f-fp¶ Ah-k-c-¯n Xs¶
\½psS ]mÀSn, A¯cw PmXn-cm-jv{Sobs¯ thÀXn-cn-¨p-Im-Wp-Ibpw FXnÀ¡p-Ibpw
sNt¿-−-Xp-−v. PmXo-b-amb ss]im-NnI IrXy-§-tfbpw kmaq-ly-amb ASn-¨-aÀ¯nent\bpw FXnÀ¡p-¶-Xn t\XrXzw hln-¡p¶ Ah-k-c-¯n Xs¶ I½yq-Wn-ÌpImsc kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-fw, kmaq-ly-\oXn F¶ ap{Zm-hmIyw kwh-cW
- -¯n-te¡pw
thm«p-IÄ AWn-\n-c-¯p-¶-Xn-te¡pw Npcp¡n IqS. `q]-cn-jvI-c-W§-fp-tSbpw IÀjsXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS Iqen-bp-sSbpw `q{]-`p-Xz-¯nsâ iàn-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n-epÅ
km¼-¯n-I-þ-km-aqly ASn-¨-aÀ¯-en-s\-Xn-cmb sNdp-¯p-\nÂ]n-tâbpw hÀK-]-c-amb
DÅ-S¡w AXn\v D−m-bn-cn-¡Ww.'' C¯-c-¯n-epÅ asäÃm kzXz-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨n54
S-t¯mfw C¶pw Cu- [m-cW icn-bmbn Xs¶ \n¡p-¶p-þ-Hm-tcm-¶n-tâbpw kz`mh
{]tXy-X-I-X-IÄ IW-¡n-se-Sp-¯p-sIm-−m-sW¶ Imcyw icn -Xs¶.
(39) JÞnI 10.25: tZio-b-Xsb kw_-Ôn¨ {]iv\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v IÀ¡-i-amb amÀIvknÌv
hni-I-e\w \S-¯n-b-Xn-\p-tijw Ìmen³, C§s\ \nÀh-Nn-¡p¶p: ""s]mXp-hmb
`mj-bp-tSbpw `qhn-`m-K-¯n-tâbpw km¼-¯nI Pohn-X-¯n-tâbpw s]mXp-hmb
kwkvIm-c-¯n-eqsS {]Xy-£-h¡-cn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ am\-knI \nÀan-Xn-bp-sSbpw ASnØm-\-¯n cq]o-Ir-X-am-b, Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn kwL-Sn-X-am-b, Ønc-X-bpÅ Hcp P\-kaq-l-amWv Hcp cm-jv-{Sw-.- hnImcw Bfn-¡-¯n-¡p¶Xn\pw X§-fpsS hÀK-`-c-Ws¯
Xm§n-\nÀ¯p-¶-Xn-\mbn Hcp {]Øm-\s¯ hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶X
- n\pw th−n'' ]n´ncn-¸³ iàn-IÄ tZio-b-X-bpsS Cu LS-Is¯ AXm-bXv, ""s]mXp-hmb kwkvIm-c¯n-eqsS {]Xy-£-h¡-cn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ am\-knI \nÀan-Xnsb'' FÃm-bvt¸mgpw {]tbm-P\-s¸-Sp-¯n-sIm-−n-cn-¡p¶p.- Ìmen³ C§s\ {]kvXm-hn-¡p¶p: ""ASn-¨-aÀ¯-s¸«
Hcp cmPy-¯nse _qÀjzmkn, (hy-Xy-kvX-amb Hcp hwiob DÂ]-¯n-tbm-Sp-Iq-SnbtXm
AYhm atä-sX-¦nepw kzXz-¯n DÄ-s¸«tXm Bb ]n´n-cn-¸³ iàn-I-fmÂ) FÃmhn-[-¯nepw aÀ±n-¨-aÀ¯-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ, kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw t£m`n¨v {]t£m-`-¯n-te-¡nd-§p-¶p. X§-fp-tS-Xp-am-{X-amb e£yw cmjv{S-¯n-sâ-bmsI e£y-am-sW¶v Ah-Imi-s¸-«p-sIm−v, AXv X§-fpsS ""Xt±-iobtcm«v'' Blzm\w sN¿p-¶p, ""]nXr-`q-ansb''
Ipdn¨v H¨-sh-bv¡m³ XpS-§p-¶p. ""]nXr-`q-an-bpsS XmÂ]-cy-¯n-\p-th−n AXv ""X§fpsS'' \m«p-ImÀ¡n-S-bnÂ\n¶v Hcp tk\sb dn{Iq«v sN¿p-¶p..... Ah-cpsS ""kz´¡mÀ'' FÃm-bvt¸mgpw AXnsâ A`yÀ°-\-I-tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶p-an-Ã.....
AXnsâ sImSn-¡q-dbv¡v Iogn AhÀ AWn-\n-c-¡p-¶p. apI-fn \n¶pÅ aÀ±\w
Ah-tcbpw _m[n-¡p-¶p−v; Ah-cpsS Akw-Xr-]vXnsb {]tIm-]n-¸n-¡p-¶p....
A§s\ Hcp tZiob {]Øm\w Bcw-`n-¡p¶p.''
Ìmen³ XpSÀ¶n-§s\ {]kvXm-hn-¡p¶p: ""_qÀjzm tZio-b-X-bpsS sImSn-¡qdbv¡v Iogn sXmgn-emfnhÀKw AWn-\n-c-¡ptam F¶-Xv, hÀK-i-{Xp-X-bpsS hnIm-k¯nsâ Ah-Ø-tbbpw sXmgn-emfnhÀK-¯nsâ hÀKt_m[-t¯bpw Ah-cpsS
kwL-S-\-bpsS Ah-Ø-tbbpw B{i-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. hÀK-t_m-[-apÅ sXmgnemfnhÀK-¯n\v Ah-cp-tS-Xmb kp]cn--£n-X-amb sImSn-¡q-d-bp-−v. _qÀjzm-kn-bpsS
sImSn-¡q-dbv¡v ]n¶n AWn-\n-c-t¡− Bhiyw AhÀ¡n-Ã.''
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