Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Of how many regions does the skin consist?
1
2
3
4
B
2.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The epidermis and dermis make up the
serous membrane.
subcutaneous membrane.
integument.
C
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The epidermis
is the outer layer of skin.
consists of stratified squamous epithelial cells.
contains melanocytes.
is described by all of these characteristics.
D
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What is responsible for skin color?
carotene
melanin
hemoglobin
all of the above
B
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Keratin is
a pigment.
a waterproof protein.
located in the hypodermis.
described by all of these characteristics.
B
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Melanin
is a pigment.
protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation.
is located in the epidermis.
is described by all of these characteristics.
D
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7.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which layer contains blood vessels and nerve fibers?
epidermis
dermis
epidermis and dermis
B
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which of the following prevents the skin from overstretching?
melanin
collagen fibers
adipose tissue
elastic fibers
B
9. Whereas the ___________ contains adipose tissue, the ___________ contains
melanocytes.
A) hypodermis, epidermis
B) epidermis, dermis
C) skin, hypodermis
D) stratum basale, stratum corneum
Ans: A
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Adipose tissue
is for insulation.
gives a rounded appearance to the body.
in excess results in obesity.
is described by all of these characteristics.
D
11.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Hair is produced in the
epidermis.
dermis.
hypodermis.
dermis and hypodermis.
A
12.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which consists of keratinized cells?
hair
nails
both of these
C
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13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The arrector pili
is a smooth muscle.
causes hair to “stand on end.”
contracts when cold, forming goose bumps.
is described by all of these characteristics.
D
14. Whereas ___________ glands are associated with hair follicles, ___________ glands
may be associated with sexual attraction.
A) sebaceous, sweat
B) sweat, sebaceous
C) apocrine, eccrine
Ans: A
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which of the following is a function of the skin?
protection
sensory reception
synthesis of vitamin D
all of these
D
16.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which is true of the skin?
It is waterproof.
It prevents water loss.
Both are true.
C
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What is needed to produce vitamin D?
calcium
phosphorus
ultraviolet light
calcium and phosphorus
C
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Along with sweat glands, what actively regulates body temperature?
adipose tissue
blood vessels
sebaceous glands
all of these
B
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19.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
What occurs when the body's temperature regulatory mechanism is overcome?
hypothermia
hyperthermia
either hypothermia or hyperthermia
C
20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Impetigo is
bacteria.
over keratinization.
overactive cell division.
fungus.
A
21.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Athlete's foot is
bacteria.
over keratinization.
overactive cell division.
fungus.
D
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Dandruff is
bacteria.
over keratinization.
overactive cell division.
fungus.
B
23.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Eczema is
bacteria.
over keratinization.
overactive cell division.
fungus.
C
24.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which is due to a virus?
wart
mole
both wart and mole
A
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25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is the most dangerous form of skin cancer?
basal-cell carcinoma
squamous-cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma
basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma
C
26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which form of skin cancer is definitely related to UV radiation?
basal-cell carcinoma
squamous-cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma
basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma
D
27.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
There is rarely pain from a
first-degree burn.
second-degree burn.
third-degree burn.
C
28.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The epidermis only is damaged from a
first-degree burn.
second-degree burn.
third-degree burn.
A
29.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
The epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged from a
first-degree burn.
second-degree burn.
third-degree burn.
B
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Severe burns result in
fluid loss.
heat loss.
bacterial infection.
all of these.
D
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What happens to cells when they move from the epidermis to the surface of the skin?
They obtain more nutrients.
They divide more.
They tend to die.
They become dermal cells.
C
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32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
A person with no color in skin, hair, and eyes has
been exposed to the sun.
a circulatory disorder.
a genetic disorder.
a nervous disorder.
C
figure 5.1
33. Which letter in figure 5.1 points to the dermis?
Ans: a
34. Which letter in figure 5.1 points to the sebaceous gland?
Ans: b
35. Which letter in figure 5.1 points to the hypodermis?
Ans: c
36. Which letter in figure 5.1 points to the sweat glands?
Ans: d
37. Which letter in figure 5.1 points to the sense receptor?
Ans: e
38. Describe the hypodermis.
Ans: Loose connective tissue, including adipose tissue lying below the dermis.
39. Describe the skin's functioning regarding sensory reception and communication.
Ans: The skin contains sense receptors that transmit messages about the environment.
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40. Describe the skin's involvement in temperature regulation.
Ans: Blood vessels in the dermis can constrict to receive less blood and conserve heat or
dilate to receive more blood and allow heat to radiate away from the body. Sweat
glands remain inactive or secrete sweat. Sweat carries heat away from the body as it
evaporates.
41. Explain the steps of wound healing.
Ans: Trauma results in blood clot formation and the basal layer of the epidermis begins to
produce new cells at a faster rate than usual. The wound fills in with new cells.
42. Describe the effects aging has on the skin.
Ans: The dermis loses some of its elastic fibers, which causes the skin to be inelastic, thus
some wrinkling occurs. The sebaceous glands and sweat glands are not as active, so the
skin is drier.
43. Describe the effects that long-term exposure to the sun may have on the skin.
Ans: The exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes dividing skin cells to become cancerous.
44. Explain the difference between first-degree and third-degree burns. Which one would
possibly require skin grafting?
Ans: First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, causing redness and pain. Third-degree
burns destroy the entire thickness of the skin, and would possibly need skin grafting.
45. Identify the causes of the following skin disorders: athlete's foot, impetigo, eczema,
psoriasis, dandruff, and urticaria.
Ans: Athlete's foot - fungal infection
Impetigo - bacterial infection
Eczema - overactive cell division due to sensitivity to chemicals
Psoriasis - overactive cell division, may be hereditary
Dandruff - excessive keratinization of cells of the scalp
Urticaria - allergic reaction
46. Distinguish between basal-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, and malignant
melanoma.
Ans: Basal-cell carcinoma = a tumor formed by basal epidermal cells
Squamous-cell carcinoma = a tumor formed by squamous epidermal cells
Malignant melanoma = a tumor formed by melanocytes
47. Distinguish between the stratum basale and the stratum corneum regarding structure and
function.
Ans: The stratum basale lies just above the dermis and contains basal cells that are constantly
dividing. The new cells are pushed away from the dermis, accumulate the protein
keratin and then die as they move away from the blood vessels of the dermis. These
dead, flat, hard, waterproof cells form the stratum corneum.
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48. Hair follicles are found in the dermis of the skin, yet hair is formed from epidermal
cells. How can this be so?
Ans: Each hair follicle is formed from collections of epidermal cells that project into the
dermis of the skin.
49. Distinguish between UV-A and UV-B ultraviolet radiation.
Ans: UV-B rays cause cancer. UV-A rays can cause the skin to sag and wrinkle. UV-A rays
also increase the cancer-causing effects of UV-B rays.
50. Distinguish between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands.
Ans: Apocrine sweat glands, which open into hair follicles in the armpits, groin, and anal
region, release a secretion which may function as a sex attractant. Eccrine sweat glands
open onto the surface of the skin and produce sweat in order to lower body temperature.
51. Describe how the skin functions to promote bone development and maintenance.
Ans: When skin cells are exposed to UV radiation a precursor molecule in the cells is
converted into vitamin D. The vitamin D travels to the liver and kidneys where it is
converted into the hormone calcitriol. Calcitriol regulates the metabolism of calcium
and phosphorus, two substances required for the formation of bone matrix.
52.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which would not occur when the body temperature is too low?
involuntary muscle contraciton
dermal blood vessel dilation
sweat production
Neither dermal blood vessel dilation nor sweat production would occur.
D
53. Describe how sweat cools the body and explain why sitting in front of a fan cools the
body more rapidly.
Ans: sweat absorbs body heat and carries the heat away by evaporation. Sitting in front of a
fan increases the rate of sweat evaporation.
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