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The Classical Symphony: First Movements
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-91)
"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik(Serenadein C)": Movement#1
Extremely straightforwarddemonstrationof the sonata-allegroform.
For stringsonly.
This is a serenaderatherthan a true symphony.
"Symphony#40 in G minor": Movement#4
Although a final movement,this is alsoin sonata-allegroform.
Scoredfor stings,clarinets,Frenchhorns,bassoons,flutes, etc.
Regularform; much of the movementis basedon transformationsof parts
of the main theme;a little bit of counterpoint.
Simple and dramatic.
Franz Josef Haydn (1732-1809),"Symphony#104 in D ('London')," Movement#1
Sonata-allegroform: slow introduction;form is lessregularandmainstreamthan
Mozart's; short intensedevelopment;severalsectionsbasedon 'hammer
blows' takenfrom secondpart of main theme.
Haydn more 'inventive',perhapslessemotional,sensitive.
Scoredfor strings,oboes,bassoons,flutes, Frenchhorns,trumpets,timpani, etc.
Mood as sunny,relaxed,fun-filled; with a few momentsof intensity.
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Ludwig van Beethoven(1770-1827),"Symphony#5 in C minor," Movement#1
Sonata-allegrofrom; no introduction;almostentirely monothematic(onetheme
dominatesthroughout)exceptfor short secondsubjectsoondrownedout;
hasextendeddramaticcoda.
High drama:life's challenges!"Fateknocking at the door!"
How structuralrigor becomesRomantic!
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Form:
What is the organizationalstructureof the movement,basedon thematic
material,key relationships,etc. Is the piece in songform, sonata-allegro
form, rondo form, ritomello form, etc.?
Texture:
What doesthe music soundlike? How big is the orchestra(small in early
Classicalperiod or big in Romanticperiod)? What instrunlentsis the
piecescoredfor -- standardclassicalsymphonyor new colorful
instrumentsbroughtin in the Romanticperiod? What is the c%r of the
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music?
Meaning:
To what extentdoesthe pieceattemptto be dramatic,to be human,tell a
story? 1) Is the music abstract(tells no story and its emotive contentis
hard to pin down)? 2) Doesit havean identifiable emotionalcontent-heroic, depressive,celebratory,etc.? 3) Doesit actually tell a story?(The
last stageaffectsonly the Romanticperiod.)
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