Civil Rights Movement
Name:
1.
Date:
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the map below and on your knowledge of social
studies. This map shows states where segregation
in public schools was enforced by law until 1954.
2.
Base your answer to the following question on the
poster below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
Information provided by the map most clearly
supports the conclusion that by 1964 racial
desegregation of Southern schools was
A.
failing in Oklahoma, Missouri, Kentucky, and
West Virginia
B.
supported by most voters in the South
C.
occurring at di erent rates in Southern states
D. completed by the mid-1960s
This poster was used during the
A.
abolitionist movement
B.
woman's su rage movement
C.
civil rights movement
D. environmental movement
page 1
3.
“: : : his legislative leadership was remarkable.
No President since Lincoln had done more for
civil rights. Yet much of this was forgotten as
American society became increasingly divided over
United States participation in a bloody, undeclared
war.”
7.
— Martin Luther King, Jr. Washington, D.C., 1963
Which 20th-century President does this statement
most accurately describe?
Which step was taken following this speech to
advance the dream of Martin Luther King, Jr.?
A.
Woodrow Wilson
A.
desegregation of the Armed Forces
B.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
B.
ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson
C.
Lyndon Johnson
C.
elimination of the Ku Klux Klan
D. passage of new civil rights acts
D. Ronald Reagan
4.
8.
In the 1950's and 1960's, the decisions of the
United States Supreme Court under Chief Justice
Earl Warren tended to
A.
expand the rights of individuals
B.
reduce government regulation of business
C.
deal harshly with persons accused of crimes
led the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama
B.
refused to give up his seat on a bus to a
white man
C.
challenged the authority of the Supreme Court
D. was elected as the
from the South
6.
9.
Martin Luther King, Jr. rst emerged as a leader
of the civil rights movement when he
A.
rst black congressman
custom adopted from English common law
B.
law enacted by Congress
C.
decision of the United States Supreme Court
A.
lower taxes for all Americans
B.
win the race for outer space
C.
end poverty and discrimination in the United
States
What has been one of the greatest obstacles to
achieving racial integration of public schools in
the United States?
A.
Federal courts have avoided dealing with
public education.
B.
Many cities hve local laws requiring children
of di erent races to attend di erent schools.
C.
“Separate by equal” public education is still
legal in many states.
D. Segregated housing patterns are sill common
in many communities.
The requirement that all persons placed under
arrest must be informed of their legal rights
resulted from a
A.
The term Great Society was used by President
Lyndon B. Johnson to describe his e orts to
D. improve the nation's armed forces
D. increase the power of state governments
5.
“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise
up and live out the true meaning of its creed:
`We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all
men are created equal.”
D. speci c statement in the original Constitution
of the United States
page 2
Civil Rights Movement
10.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the chart below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
12.
“: : : the way of nonviolence became an
integral part of our struggle. If this
philosophy had not emerged, by now the
streets in the South would, I am convinced,
be owing with blood. : : : If they refuse to
support our nonviolent e orts, millions of
Negroes will, out of frustration and despair,
seek solace and security in black nationalist
ideologies. : : : ”
Great Society Legislation
Legislation
Purpose
Economic
Opportunity
Act
Created programs such
as Job Corps and
Project Head Start
Voting
Rights
Act
Medicare/
Medicaid
Act
Ended race-based
restrictions on voting
Which statement best re ects the thinking of the
author of this passage?
Provided medical
coverage for elderly and
poor Americans
A.
Nonviolence has failed black Americans.
B.
White violence against nonviolent blacks has
halted the civil rights movement.
C.
It is time for blacks to abandon nonviolence
and turn to black nationalism.
The legislation identi ed in this chart was an
e ort to solve problems related to
A.
illegal immigration and terrorism
B.
poverty and discrimination
C.
illiteracy and domestic abuse
D. Whites should support the concept of
nonviolence.
13.
D. budget de cits and famine
11.
The term “McCarthyism” has come to symbolize
A.
unfounded accusations of disloyalty and a
climate of fear
B.
the protection of the constitutional rights of
accused persons
C.
integration in public education
14.
In the 1960's, bus boycotts, lunch counter sit-ins,
and freedom rides were organized attempts to
achieve
A.
integration
B.
black separatism
C.
segregation
D. cultural di usion
“Separate educational facilities are inherently
unequal.”
— Brown v. Board of Education
The e ect of this Supreme Court ruling was to
D. attempts to encourage totalitarian dictatorships
A.
establish a rmative action programs in higher
education
B.
require the integration of public schools
C.
desegregate the armed forces and the military
academies
D. force states to spend an equal amount on each
public school student
page 3
Civil Rights Movement
15.
President Harry Truman advanced the cause of
civil rights for African Americans by
A.
ordering the desegregation of the Armed
Forces
B.
C.
18.
A.
were intended to lift Americans out of poverty
appointing the rst African American to the
Supreme Court
B.
failed to pass constitutional review by the
Supreme Court
supporting the rati cation of the 14th and
15th amendments
C.
gave a minority group the right to vote after
years of protest
D. establishing a rmative action policies for
industry
16.
D. provided equal protection to groups that had
experienced discrimination
The federal voting rights laws passed in the 1950s
and 1960s were designed to
19.
Which statement concerning the black civil rights
movement of the 1960's is accurate?
A.
return control of voting regulations to the
states
A.
B.
remove racial barriers to voting
It stimulated the growth of other reform
movements.
B.
C.
extend su rage to American women
Its leaders failed to use the courts as a means
of achieving its goals.
C.
White support and participation was rejected
from the very beginning of the movement.
D. prevent recent immigrants from voting
17.
A major way in which the Civil Rights Act (1964)
and the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) are
similar is that both laws
D. The movement failed to achieve signi cant
progress.
The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl
Warren had a major impact on the United States
in that this Court
A.
became involved in foreign a airs by
reviewing the constitutionality of treaties
B.
weakened the judiciary by refusing to deal
with controversial issues
C.
supported the idea that states could nullify
acts of Congress
20.
D. followed a policy of judicial activism, leading
to broad changes in American society
One similarity in the Supreme Court decisions in
Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona is
that both decisions
A.
expanded the rights of the accused
B.
improved the ability of the police to gather
evidence
C.
lengthened sentences for violent felony
o enses
D. set limits on the use of the death penalty
page 4
Civil Rights Movement
21.
Which statement best summarizes the beliefs of
Booker T. Washington?
A.
The best solution for African Americans was
to return to Africa.
B.
Social equality for African Americans would
be easier to achieve than legal rights.
C.
The way to dissolve the barriers of segregation
and bring about an end to Jim Crow laws was
by active, violent resistance.
23.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the passage below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
: : : You express a great deal of anxiety
over our willingness to break laws. This
is certainly a legitimate concern. Since
we so diligently urge people to obey the
Supreme Court's decision of 1954 outlawing
segregation in the public schools, at rst
glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us
consciously to break laws. One may want
to ask: “How can you advocate breaking
some laws and obeying others?” The answer
lies in the fact that there are two types of
laws: just and unjust. I would be the rst to
advocate obeying just laws. One has not
only a legal but a moral responsibility to
obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral
responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would
agree with St. Augustine that “an unjust law
is no law at all.” : : :
D. The most immediate means for African
Americans to achieve equality was to expand
their opportunities for vocational education.
22.
What was the signi cance of the use of Federal
marshals to protect African-American students in
Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?
A.
It was the rst time martial law had been
declared in the United States.
B.
It led to Federal takeover of many Southern
public schools.
C.
It strengthened control of education by state
governments.
—Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.,
“Letter from Birmingham Jail,” April 16, 1963
Which statement most accurately summarizes the
main idea of the passage?
D. It showed that the Federal Government would
enforce court decisions on integration.
A.
People must obey Supreme Court decisions.
B.
You can never break some laws while obeying
others.
C.
Violence brings faster results than peaceful
protest.
D. Following moral principles is sometimes more
important than following the law.
page 5
Civil Rights Movement
24.
Base your answer to the following question on the
cartoon below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
26.
“The Constitution does not provide for
second class citizens.”
rst and
In United States history, which is an example of
the idea of this quotation in action?
A.
Black Codes were enacted in the post-Civil
War period.
B.
States passed laws establishing the poll tax.
C.
The United States Government moved Native
American Indians to reservations during the
19th century.
D. The Brown v. Board of Education decision
struck down legal school segregation.
27.
25.
Great Society
B.
C.
New Federalism
D. Dollar Diplomacy
28.
Peace Corps
One way in which the feminist movement of the
late 1960s and early 1970s is similar to the civil
rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s is that
both
A.
used public demonstrations and protests to
draw attention to their goals
B.
opposed Supreme Court decisions expanding
the rights of the accused
C.
refused support from churches and religious
leaders
A.
minority groups no longer have to struggle to
earn equal treatment
B.
programs ordered by the courts have nearly
eliminated racial prejudice
C.
a rmative action programs have opened
opportunities once closed to members of
minority groups
D. governmental interference in societal a airs
seldom result in any changes
Which federal government program was designed
to solve the problem illustrated in this cartoon?
A.
A valid conclusion concerning government e orts
to promote civil rights in the 1960's and the
1970's is that
The Supreme Court under Chief Justice John
Marshall was similar to the Court under Chief
Justice Earl Warren in that both
A.
strengthened the power and in uence of
business
B.
increased the President's war powers
C.
changed public policy through broad
interpretation of the Constitution
D. increased the rights of the accused under the
fth and sixth amendments
D. focused on securing equal access to housing
page 6
Civil Rights Movement
29.
An analysis of the civil rights leadership of
Martin Luther King, Jr., Stokely Carmichael, and
Malcolm X would show that each
A.
received his greater support from African
Americans in the rural South
B.
believed in the philosophy of passive
resistance
C.
rejected help from white civil rights supporters
31.
— Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
“Letter From Birmingham City Jail”
This statement was used by Dr. King to show
support for
D. chose a di erent method to try to achieve
racial justice
30.
“I would agree with Saint Augustine that `An
unjust law is no law at all.' ”
A.
Social Darwinism
B.
Jim Crow laws
C.
separation of church and state
D. civil disobedience
Base your answer to the following question on the
passage below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
32.
“: : : I was disappointed not to see what
is inside Central High School. I don't
understand why the governor [of Arkansas]
sent grown-up soldiers to keep us out. I
don't know if I should go back. But
Grandma is right, if I don't go back, they
will think they have won. They will think
they can use soldiers to frighten us, and we'll
always have to obey them. They'll always be
in charge if I don't go back to Central and
make the integration happen. : : : ”
The major goal of the civil rights movement of
the 1960's was to
A.
establish a separate political state for African
Americans
B.
gain passage of equal rights amendment to
the Constitution
C.
end segregation based on race
D. permit unlimited immigration to the United
States
—Melba Beals, Warriors Don't Cry,
an African American student, 1957
33.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower reacted to the
situation described in this passage by
“The civil rights movement would have been vastly
di erent without the shield and spear of the rst
amendment.”
Based on this quotation, which is a valid
conclusion?
A.
forcing the governor of Arkansas to resign
B.
allowing the people of Arkansas to resolve
the problem
A.
The civil rights movement used the right to
assemble peaceably to its advantage.
C.
asking the Supreme Court to speed up racial
integration
B.
Armed violence was responsible for the gains
made by the civil rights movement.
C.
Congress ignored the Constitution in its
e orts to speed civil rights gains.
D. sending federal troops to enforce integration
D. The executive branch lacked the power to
enforce equal rights legislation.
page 7
Civil Rights Movement
34.
When Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke of his
dream that the United States would reach a time
: : : when all of God's children, black men and
white men,: : : will be able to join hands : : : ,” he
was expressing a desire to
A.
create a separate nation for African Americans
within the United States
B.
unite all churches into one religious faith
C.
establish religious freedom for African
Americans
36.
A.
use education to gain opportunities
B.
support a “Back to Africa” movement
C.
take part in boycotts to end segregation
D. adopt a gradual approach to gain the right to
vote
37.
D. replace racial segregation with an integrated
society
35.
Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois
agreed that African Americans should
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the photograph below and on your knowledge
of social studies.
In 1954, the Supreme Court decision in Brown v.
Board of Education of Topeka advanced the civil
rights movement by
A.
guaranteeing equal voting rights to African
Americans
B.
banning racial segregation in hotels and
restaurants
C.
declaring that racial segregation in public
schools violated the 14th amendment
D. upholding the principle of separate but equal
public facilities
Source: Warren K. Le er, U.S. News & World Report Magazine
Photograph Collection, Library of Congress
Which leader is most closely associated with the
approach to reform illustrated in this photograph?
A.
Malcolm X of the Black Muslims
B.
Huey Newton of the Black Panthers
C.
Booker T. Washington of the Tuskegee
Institute
D. Martin Luther King Jr. of the Southern
Christian Leadership Conference
page 8
Civil Rights Movement
38.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the letter to President Dwight D. Eisenhower below and on
your knowledge of social studies.
May 13,
1958
The President
The White House
Washington, D.C.
My dear Mr. President:
I was sitting in the audience at the Summit Meeting of Negro [African-American] Leaders yesterday when
you said we must have patience. On hearing you say this, I felt like standing up and saying, “Oh no! Not
again.”: : :
17 million Negroes cannot do as you suggest and wait for the hearts of men to change. We want to enjoy
now the rights that we feel we are entitled to as Americans. This we cannot do unless we pursue aggressively
goals which all other Americans achieved over 150 years ago.
As the chief executive of our nation, I respectfully suggest that you unwittingly crush the spirit of freedom in
Negroes by constantly urging forbearance [delay] and give hope to those pro-segregation leaders like Governor
[Orval] Faubus who would take from us even those freedoms we now enjoy. Your own experience with
Governor Faubus is proof enough that forbearance and not eventual integration is the goal the pro-segregation
leaders seek: : : .
Respectfully yours,
Jackie Robinson
Source:
National Archives & Records Administration
When Jackie Robinson mentions President Dwight D. Eisenhower's experience with Governor Faubus, he is
referring to the action the president took in
A.
hiring minority workers to build the interstate highway system
B.
sending federal troops to Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
C.
supporting the Montgomery bus boycott
D. ordering that all military bases located in southern states be integrated
page 9
Civil Rights Movement
39.
Base your answer to the following question on the
photograph below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
40.
The changes shown in the chart were most directly
the result of the
The situation shown in this 1950 photograph is a
direct result of the
A.
Great Migration
B.
application of grandfather clauses
C.
passage of Jim Crow laws
Base your answer to the following question on
the chart below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
A.
enactment of voting-reform laws by these
southern states
B.
Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of
Education
C.
passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
D. executive branch's resistance to protecting the
civil rights of minorities
D. Montgomery bus boycott
page 10
Civil Rights Movement
41.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the passage below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
42.
Base your answer to the following question on the
passage below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
“: : : In a sense we've come to our nation's
capital to cash a check. When the architects
of our republic wrote the magni cent words
of the Constitution and the Declaration
of Independence, they were signing a
promissory note to which every American
was to fall heir. This note was a promise
that all men, yes, black men as well as white
men, would be guaranteed the `unalienable
Rights of Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of
Happiness.' It is obvious today that America
has defaulted on this promissory note insofar
as her citizens of color are concerned.
Instead of honoring this sacred obligation,
America has given the Negro people a bad
check, a check which has come back marked
`insu cient funds.' ”: : :
: : : You express a great deal of anxiety
over our willingness to break laws. This
is certainly a legitimate concern. Since
we so diligently urge people to obey the
Supreme Court's decision of 1954 outlawing
segregation in the public schools, at rst
glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us
consciously to break laws. One may want
to ask: “How can you advocate breaking
some laws and obeying others?” The answer
lies in the fact that there are two types of
laws: just and unjust. I would be the rst to
advocate obeying just laws. One has not
only a legal but a moral responsibility to
obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral
responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would
agree with St. Augustine that “an unjust law
is no law at all.” : : :
— Martin Luther King, Jr., August 28, 1963
—Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.,
“Letter from Birmingham Jail,” April 16, 1963
The focus of this passage from Dr. King's speech
was his belief that
Which type of action against unjust laws is
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. supporting in this
passage?
A.
militant resistance
B.
civil disobedience
C.
judicial activism
D. a rmative action
A.
equal rights for all were guaranteed by the
founders of this nation
B.
Americans had become blind to racial
di erences
C.
violence was often necessary for the protection
of civil liberties
D. civil rights for African Americans would
always be a dream
page 11
Civil Rights Movement
43.
Base your answer to the following question on the
photograph below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
44. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the excerpt below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
OLD JIM CROW
An African American member of the armed
forces from New York City examines
the “Colored Waiting Room” sign at
Terminal Station in Atlanta, Georgia, 1956.
: : : It's wrong to hold malice, we know,
but there's one thing that's true, from all points of
view,
All Negroes hate old man Jim Crow
: : : We meet him wherever we go;
In all public places, where live both the races,
You'll always see Mr. Jim Crow.
The Nashville Eye (c.
(adapted)
1900)
The presence of Mr. Jim Crow “In all public
places” was legally ended by the
Source: Hilary Herbold, “Never a Level Playing Field:
Blacks and the GI Bill,” Journal of Blacks in
Higher Education, Number 6, 1994/1995
(adapted)
Which circumstance is most clearly illustrated by
this photograph?
A.
equality in accommodations experienced by
African Americans
B.
discrimination while serving one's country
C.
civil disobedience being used to protest racial
segregation
A.
rati cation of the 13th amendment (1865)
B.
Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896)
C.
establishment of the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
(1909)
D. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
D. social changes in New York City after World
War II
page 12
Civil Rights Movement
45.
Base your answer to the question on the
photograph, and on your knowledge of social
studies.
47.
Which situation resulted from Senator Joseph
McCarthy's search for Communists within the
United States during the 1950's?
A.
Thousands of American citizens who believed
in communism were either jailed or deported.
B.
The reputations of many people were ruined
by false accusations of disloyalty.
C.
Many high-ranking government o cials were
exposed as spies of the Soviet Union.
D. Organized groups of Communists began a
wave of violent political terrorism.
Source: Mark Bauerlein et al, Legacy Publishing
48.
Conditions such as the one shown in the
photograph were legally ended by the
A.
issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation in
1863
B.
rati cation of the 15th amendment in 1870
C.
decision in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896
Base your answer to the following question on the
quotations below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
: : : Unjust laws exist; shall we be content
to obey them, or shall we endeavor to
amend them, and obey them until we have
succeeded, or shall we transgress them at
once? : : :
— Henry David Thoreau, 1849
: : : But the great glory of American
democracy is the right to protest for right.
My friends, don't let anybody make us feel
that we [are] to be compared in our actions
with the Ku Klux Klan or with the White
Citizens Council. There will be no crosses
burned at any bus stops in Montgomery.
There will be no white persons pulled out of
their homes and taken out on some distant
road and lynched for not cooperating. There
will be nobody amid, among us who will
stand up and defy the Constitution of this
nation. We only assemble here because of
our desire to see right exist : : :
D. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
46.
“We will match your capacity to in ict su ering
with our capacity to endure su ering : : : . We will
not hate you, but we cannot obey your unjust
laws : : : ”
— Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
This quotation most strongly advocates
A.
segregation
B.
anarchy
C.
prohibition
D. civil disobedience
— Martin Luther King, Jr., December 1955
Which statement most accurately summarizes the
main idea of these quotations?
A.
Revolution is inevitable in a democratic
society.
B.
Government consistently protects the freedom
and dignity of all its citizens.
C.
Violence is the most e ective form of protest.
D. Civil disobedience is sometimes necessary to
bring about change.
page 13
Civil Rights Movement
49.
Frederick Douglass, Malcolm X, and Jesse Jackson
are each well known for
A.
helping to end slavery
B.
working for African American rights
C.
organizing the Underground Railroad
52.
Base your answer to the following question on the
statement below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
: : : Whenever normal agencies prove
inadequate to the task and it becomes
necessary for the Executive Branch of the
Federal Government to use its powers and
authority to uphold Federal Courts, the
President's responsibility is inescapable.
D. supporting Jim Crow laws
50.
51.
In accordance with that responsibility, I have
today issued an Executive Order directing the
use of troops under Federal authority to aid
in the execution of Federal law at Little
Rock, Arkansas. This became necessary
when my Proclamation of yesterday was not
observed, and the obstruction of justice still
continues. : : :
Which strategy did African-American students use
when they refused to leave a “whites only” lunch
counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960?
A.
economic boycott
B.
hunger strike
C.
petition drive
D. civil disobedience
— President Dwight D. Eisenhower,
September 24, 1957
Base your answer to the following question on the
passage below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
The situation described in this statement grew out
of e orts to
You have the right to remain silent. Anything
you say can and will be used against you
in a court of law. You have the right to
speak to an attorney, and to have an attorney
present during any questioning. If you cannot
a ord a lawyer, one will be provided for you
at government expense.
The requirements included in this passage are part
of the Supreme Court's e ort to protect the rights
of
individuals accused of crimes
B.
students from unreasonable searches
C.
defendants from double jeopardy
uphold the Voting Rights Act
B.
pass a constitutional amendment ending poll
taxes
C.
enforce the decision in Brown v. Board of
Education of Topeka
D. extend the Montgomery bus boycott to Little
Rock
— www.usconstitution.net
A.
A.
53.
D. criminals from cruel and unusual punishment
In the 1950's, Senator Joseph McCarthy was most
closely associated with issues related to
A.
Communist in ltration and the denial of civil
liberties
B.
farm problems and taxation
C.
military preparedness and foreign aid
D. collective bargaining and the rights of unions
page 14
Civil Rights Movement
54.
In 1948, President Harry Truman showed his
support for civil rights by issuing an executive
order to
A.
end the immigration quota system
B.
assure equal status for women in military
service
C.
ban racial segregation in the military
57.
58.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was intended to end
A.
loyalty oaths for federal employees
B.
a rmative action programs in education
C.
unfair treatment of the elderly
A.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
B.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
C.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
D. Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
D. guarantee jobs for Native American Indians
55.
This passage resulted from which Supreme Court
decision?
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the program below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
D. discrimination based on race or sex
56.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the statement below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
Source: March on Washinton Program, National Archives and Records Administration (adapted)
: : : In 1961, James Farmer orchestrated and
led the famous Freedom Rides through the
South, which are renowned for forcing
Americans to confront segregation in bus
terminals and on interstate buses. In the
spring of that year, James Farmer trained a
small group of freedom riders, teaching them
to deal with the hostility they were likely to
encounter using nonviolent resistance. This
training would serve them well. : : :
Rosa Parks was honored at the March on
Washington for her part in
A.
bringing about the Montgomery bus boycott
B.
integrating Little Rock Central High School
C.
forming the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee
D. organizing lunch counter sit-ins in Greensboro,
North Carolina
— Senator Charles Robb, “A Tribute to an American
Freedom Fighter,” U.S. Senate
The principal goal of the activity described in this
statement was to
A.
achieve racial integration of public facilities
B.
encourage change through violent means
C.
expand voting rights for African Americans
D. force the president to send military troops
into the South
page 15
Civil Rights Movement
59.
Base your answer on the excerpt below and on
your knowledge of social studies.
Dear Mr. Barr,
: : : This letter does not express all that is in
my heart, Mr. Barr. But if it says nothing
else it says that we do not hate you or rejoice
to see your industry destroyed; we hate the
agribusiness system [agricultural corporations]
that seeks to keep us enslaved and we shall
overcome and change it not by retaliation or
bloodshed but by a determined nonviolent
struggle carried on by those masses of farm
workers who intend to be free and human.
Sincerely yours,
Cesar E. Chavez
— Cesar Chavez, letter to E.L. Barr Jr.,
Good Friday, 1969, in Andrew Carroll,
ed., Letters of a Nation, Broadway Books
Which action did Cesar Chavez take that is most
consistent with the theme of this excerpt?
A.
organizing a farmworkers union
B.
calling for stricter enforcement of immigration
laws
C.
asking Congress to pass legislation for
low-income housing
D. promoting the takeover of large corporations
by farmworkers
page 16
Civil Rights Movement