IPSHU
IPSHU
Research
Research
Report
Report
Series
SeriesNo.31
No. 31
Challenges
Keynote
Speech of Inclusivity in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding:
Lessons from Asian Cases
Foreign diplomacy and sociality in France
Daisaku HIGASHI
Associate Professor, Center for Global Discovery, Sophia University
Satoru UDAGAWA
Writer
Good morning.
Cambodia and East Timor, before concluding.
I am now teaching at
the University of Sophia—primarily conflict
Thank you
for your
kind
peacebuilding.
I amvery
verymuch
grateful
for being
when I was your age, I just wanted to play
introduction.
name is
Udagawa. IThank
have
invited to thisMy
wonderful
symposium.
around
coughing
asthma;
it is Nishida,
not contagious
you, Mr. Sato,
Professor
and thebut
staffI
caught it in the last two weeks. I have been
of Institute for Peace Science. Thank you very
memory and it takes time to recover when you
much indeed for having invited me to this
get older. I’m over 60, losing my hair, and my
meeting.
French is becoming poor. I do not have a good
Well, the research area that I am
memory, but as a writer, I think that it is very
interested is how to build a legitimate
important to have curiosity, which I thankfully
government. I have been studying this topic
have. Maybe we lose some of our memory as we
for 10
years.
walk youIthrough
get
older,
but Iifwould
I loselike
mytocuriosity,
can no
entertainment or mention some funny stories
and sociality. I haven’t been to Hiroshima for
Well, I have had a strange career.
the last 20 or 30 years; it was almost 50 years
Not many people call their career strange, but
ago. The reason why is that in 1959, the film
I’ve
doneAlain
a lot Resnais
of things.
graduated
from
director
– heI is
a director
of
from
conflict
peacebuilding
efforts of
about
Professor
Nishida, the director
this
worked
a the
director
at NHK
TV network,
24
hoursasbut
real title
is Hiroshima
mon
constructing
a legitimate
government.
institute,
asked
me to talk
about this. You can
which and
is like
the BBC,
and pronounce
it was quite
amour
in French,
they don’t
“H”
see the title of this symposium. I tried to say no
so
they pronounce
. Monofamour
means
interesting.
AfterIroshima
the 30 years
the Vietnam
because I was not sure whether I would fit in
“my
I watched
that filmfilm
at the
endthe
of
a documentary
where
War, love.”
I created
with this place, but he offered me free Petrus
me to talk about France and French food. I am
Also, I published a book last year so I
still reluctant to talk about that but in the
would like to talk on the challenges of
morning, I listened to the presentations and
constructing
peacebuilding
as my
was
moved. Ilegitimacy
fell asleepintoo,
and in regards
to
junior high
The story
of the
film they
is a
leaders
of theschool.
war reflected
on the
reasons
French woman visit Hiroshima to make a
were involved in it. Also, I created another
filmand she met a Japanese man. Alain
program on the topic “How Far Will the Chain
Resnais wanted to have a French-speaking
of Hatred Continue in the Middle East?” And
man and that actor was Eiji Okada, because he
a third called “The Struggle of South Korea to
is a French film director. He was a kind of
Avert Nuclear Conflict.” Most recently there
intellectual man and he spoke French so he
was “Rebuilding Iraq: the Challenge of the UN,”
was chosen from the candidates. Eiji Okada
for
whichthe
I wasposition
awardedofthethe
Silver
Medal
playing
man
bornfrom
in
first young
topic. people
I also who
livedare
in very
Afghanistan
a
the
active inforthe
This
the
UN Correspondents
Hiroshima
and he lost hisAssociation.
family by atomic
my
year,
I would
like
to much
take impressed.
you through
Asianso
region,
I was
very
I was
award
is given
each
year. actress playing the
bomb. In
the film,
a French
experience.
will briefly
on
also surprisedFinally,
becauseI when
I was touch
younger,
Well,
I’ll not who
dwell
onthe
my
personal
position of
the woman
was
mistress
of
in
Paris.
I
could
talk
about
for the next 5 hours, but I will talk about
French diplomacy and sociality among the
general public.
I will talk about French diplomacy
what I be
have
learned and what we could learn
longer
a writer.
university
1993,aand
10 years
after
thatinI
France andinmade
filmfor
called
A love
affair
Chateau Margaux and other expensive wines,
so I couldn’t refuse. Actually, it is not true but
at this kind of symposium, you might want to
have some form of entertainment, so he asked
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Research
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a German
military officer,
so she had two
Challenges
of Inclusivity
in
experiences of trauma.
and experienced Peacebuilding:
diplomat named CharlesPost-Conflict
Maurice Cases
de Talleyrand-Périgord. Talleyrand
One Lessons
day, the French
from Asian
woman and the Japanese man walk through
found Carême and employed him; the Emperor
the city and fall in love. This film was made in
of Russia and the Crown Prince of Britain also
1959 and at that time, Hiroshima was not as
wanted to employ Carême, but he worked for
Daisaku HIGASHI
Talleyrand in France.
beautiful as it is now, and after watching that
Associate Professor, Center for Global Discovery, Sophia University
Talleyrand was a cunning diplomat.
film in junior high school, I came to Hiroshima
by myself. After that, I went to France and
After the French Revolution, there was war
didn’t go back to Hiroshima. I didn’t know that
Good morning. I am now teaching at
Hiroshima was so important because I was in
the
University
of ISophia—primarily
conflict
France,
but when
was invited to speak
by
and France was defeated. Talleyrand was a
Cambodia and East Timor, before concluding.
close subordinate of Napoleon. Napoleon lost;
then, because the monarchy was restored,
peacebuilding.
I am
very grateful this
for being
Professor Nishida,
I remembered
film,
Louis XVIII became king. Talleyrand was
invited
to this
Hiroshima
monwonderful
amour. Yousymposium.
can probablyThank
watch
employed by Louis XVIII as well; he was good
you,
Sato,
Nishida,
theInstaff
it on Mr.
DVD
and Professor
I encourage
you to and
do so.
the
at scheming and also good at living – he
film,
only for
10 Peace
yearsScience.
have passed
the
of
Institute
Thanksince
you very
pursued joie de vivre – the joyful life. He liked
atomic indeed
bomb, sofor
youhaving
can seeinvited
the realme
Hiroshima
much
to this
to eat gourmet food and was very dandy, so
after the bombing. The film is about a love story
meeting.
with some degree of sadness. I’m now here in
Well, the research area that I am
Hiroshima. I will talk about French diplomacy
interested is how to build a legitimate
in the national government and the sociality of
government. I have been studying this topic
the public.
for 10 years. I would like to walk you through
If we talk about government
what I have learned and what we could learn
diplomacy
and
general
sociality,
from conflict peacebuilding efforts about
metaphorically speaking, we could say that
constructing
a legitimate
they
are each
a pair of government.
wheels on a car. If
Talleyrand employed Careme. After a year,
during the reign of Napoleon III, Europe was in
conflict. Europe’s leaders got together for a
Well, I have had a strange career.
meeting. Of the Congress of Vienna, it was said
Not many people call their career strange, but
that “the Congress dances, but does not
I’ve done a lot of things. I graduated from
progress.” I would like to watch this movie too
university in 1993, and for 10 years after that I
because all the European leaders talked about
worked as a director at NHK TV network,
their claims. Talleyrand was from the country
whichwas
is defeated.
like the One
BBC,of and
it was asked
quite
that
the leaders
general sociality is at the bottom and the
interesting.
After the
years
the Vietnam
him
to be a Chair
and30
what
heofwould
like to
foundation of diplomacy is the lower layer of
created
a documentary
film where
the
War, I and
bring,
Talleyrand
said, “I don’t
need any
the general public’s sociality, then you will have
leaders of the
war reflected
the reasons
they
diplomats.
I want
to have on
a good
chef and
a
a good government diplomacy, which is a kind
good cooking
so he
brought
Carême,
good
were
involvedpan,”
in it.
Also,
I created
another
of strategy of the national government, so the
wine, andon
a cooking
to attend
thethe
Congress
program
the topicpot
“How
Far Will
Chain
foundation of diplomacy in France is the
of Hatred
Vienna.Continue
Although
wasEast?”
a defeated
of
in France
the Middle
And
country, it won the conference due to
a third called “The Struggle of South Korea to
Talleyrand’s strategy of bringing a good dish
Avert Nuclear Conflict.” Most recently there
(due to Carême’s competence; he was a genius
was “Rebuilding Iraq: the Challenge of the UN,”
cook).
for which I was awarded the Silver Medal from
When we talked about French
This
the UN Correspondents Association.
diplomacy, this story was also mentioned before.
award is given each year.
There was no other cook like Carême. He was
Well, I’ll chef.
not Carême
dwell onand
myTalleyrand
personal
an unprecedented
excellent sociality of the general public. I
thought I may want to have some paper to
Also, I published a book last year so I
write on. There are many proper nouns in my
would like to talk on the challenges of
presentation. There was a genius chef, Marieconstructing legitimacy in peacebuilding as my
Antonin Carême. He was born in 1784 and
first topic. I also lived in Afghanistan for a
passed away in 1833. He lived through the
year, so I would like to take you through my
French Revolution and the subsequent chaos.
experience.
Finally,
I willwas
briefly
on
He was a genius
chef. There
also atouch
cunning
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No. 31
were alive
after the French
At that
Challenges
of Revolution.
Inclusivity
in
determined the menu
of the dishes at the
Post-Conflict
Peacebuilding:
banquet.Cases
This is true even now. The real
time, the bourgeoisie started to
gain power,
so
Lessons
from
Asian
that was a change. In the past, there was a
meaning of banquet diplomacy is that the
court
the
guests are differentiated, so that political
bourgeoisie dish. Carême appeared during this
implications can be implemented as part of the
dish.
The
bourgeoisie
started
Daisaku HIGASHI
banquet. I think this is a very smart way to
transition. Several decades later, Carême
Associate Professor, Center for Global Discovery, Sophia University
treat both national and foreign guests.
passed away. Another chef called Georges
Auguste Escoffier appeared on the scene; he
After the French Revolution, the
established modern French cooking. With
Good morning. I am now teaching at
Carême and Escoffier, French dishes, cuisine
the
University
Sophia—primarily
conflict
francaise
, madeofgreat
progress. There
were
bourgeoisie had power and authority. The
Cambodia and East Timor, before concluding.
bourgeoisie did not have any special dishes.
What they did is that they added their tastes to
peacebuilding.
very
grateful
tens of thousandsI ofam
chefs
at that
time,for
butbeing
only
court dishes. By doing so, they established
invited
to this wonderful
symposium.
Thank
one outstanding
chef changed
the course
of
bourgeoisie dishes. The 19th century was the
you,
Mr.francaise
Sato, Professor
Nishida,
the staff
cuisine
, and he
was a and
Frenchman.
best era for gourmet dinners or dishes because
Carême’s
banquet
diplomacy
used in
Elysée
of
Institute
for Peace
Science. isThank
you
very
a chef named Carême and Escoffier appeared
Palace.indeed
This is
presidential
the
much
fora having
invitedmansion,
me to this
on the scene. The gourmet horizon expanded in
Elysée Palace. Palais de l’Elysée is a major
meeting.
cornerstone of French diplomacy. As you can
Well, the research area that I am
see, there is Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin; he
interested is how to build a legitimate
was anti-revolutionary, a lawyer, and loved
government. I have been studying this topic
gourmet food. He went to the United States
for 10 years. I would like to walk you through
during the revolution and wrote several books
what I have learned and what we could learn
that praise gourmet cooking. The actual title in
from conflict peacebuilding efforts about
French of one of his books involves “the
constructingofataste.”
legitimate
physiology
The government.
title is Physiology of
Europe; gourmet dishes became a symbol of the
authorities in power and could make people
happy. Good food and politics became one thing
Well, I have had a strange career.
at that time. This is not so apparent in the 21st
Not many people call their career strange, but
century, but even now, political authorities are
I’ve done a lot of things. I graduated from
well connected with gourmet food in France.
university in 1993, and for 10 years after that I
Generally speaking, the French president is
worked as a director at NHK TV network,
not like a prime minister or president in Japan.
which
is like
the BBC,
it was
quite
The
French
president
helpsand
decide
the menu;
taste including philosophy, raw materials, and
interesting.
After the
30consideration
years of the Vietnam
earlier,
I mentioned
the
behind
cooking methods. Brillat-Savarin won many
a documentary
film where
War,menu,
I created
the
differentiation
and ordering,
and the
wise awards and said that the dinner table is
leaders
of makes
the warthe
reflected
on the reasons
they
president
final decision
on the menu
the ultimate state of politics; politics and
at theinvolved
banquet. in
The
chooses
one
were
it.president
Also, I even
created
another
diplomacy decide on dinner table of persons of
bottle
of
wine
and Far
makes
political
program
on the
topic “How
Will the
Chain
power. The Elysée Palace putting that into
considerations.
Currently,
the dinner
table
at
of
Hatred Continue
in the Middle
East?”
And
Elysée Palace is only 55 minutes.
a third called “The Struggle of South Korea to
Elysée Palace was the official
Avert Nuclear Conflict.” Most recently there
presidential mansion at the end of the 19th
was “Rebuilding Iraq: the Challenge of the UN,”
century. At that time, gourmand indicated a
for which I was awarded the Silver Medal from
heavy eater and gourmet meant a good eater.
This
the UN Correspondents Association.
Gourmand was the symbol of power in that era.
award is given each year.
During dinner time, the gourmand invited
Well,
not dwell
on my
farmers and
theI’ll
public;
he opened
thepersonal
court to
practice.
The guests at Elysée Palace were
Also, I published a book last year so I
treated well. What kind of dishes did they
would like to talk on the challenges of
prepare at the palace? We should look at the
constructing legitimacy in peacebuilding as my
level of intimacy with the guests and their
first topic. I also lived in Afghanistan for a
social rank; the wine and dishes were
year, so I would like to take you through my
determined according to these two factors. The
experience.
I will of
briefly
on
ranking andFinally,
hierarchy
thetouch
guests
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IPSHU
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No. 31
them soChallenges
that he could show
power, which in
is
of his
Inclusivity
why gourmet culture
Sometimes peoplePeacebuilding:
finish one course within 45
Post-Conflict
minutes,Cases
believe it or not. Even the French only
culminated
in the 19th
Lessons
from Asian
century. Eating a lot was a symbol of power and
spend 45 minutes dining, and at Elysée Palace,
cuisine francaise became simplified. Right now,
you may wonder how many minutes are spent.
the meal consists of eau de vie the main dish,
In the 19th century, they spent maybe 4 or 5
Daisaku HIGASHI
hours, but today, only 55 minutes. Why 55
salad, cheese, and dessert – only four or five
Associate Professor, Center for Global Discovery, Sophia University
minutes at Elysée Palace? I don’t know how,
dishes. As for the drink…
but it’s quite interesting.
By the way, the 19th century was a big
century. When you look at the food at Elysée
Good morning. I am now teaching at
Palace, in one course, there were 20 dishes and
the
of are
Sophia—primarily
conflict
wine.University
Today, there
only two types of
wine
The French
President de Charles André Joseph PierreCambodia and East Timor, before concluding.
Marie de Gaulle finds it difficult to sit still at
the table. He has a limit of one hour, so 55
peacebuilding.
very grateful
for being
and one kind ofI am
champagne,
but wine
and
minutes was determined. Why? Because of him,
invited
to this
champagne
arewonderful
made oversymposium.
many, many Thank
years,
the former President of France, de Gaulle;
you,
Mr.
Sato,
Professor
and the staff
right?
You
cannot
makeNishida,
them overnight;
we
when he was in office, the time was set for the
know
that for
andPeace
we talk
about Thank
wine that
was
of
Institute
Science.
you very
Elysée Palace. Thus, there is a combination of
made over
10 for
or 20
years.invited
When you
have
a
much
indeed
having
me to
this
food and wine. It’s the most difficult task of all,
banquet, no matter where you go, people are
meeting.
trying to serve wines from France, and of
Well, the research area that I am
course Chile and Argentina have delicious
interested is how to build a legitimate
wines but because of the long time spent to
government. I have been studying this topic
make this wine in France, the wine is valued.
for 10 years. I would like to walk you through
For example, consider Queen Elisabeth; she is
what I have learned and what we could learn
a special figure. Bordeaux was occupied by the
from conflict peacebuilding efforts about
United Kingdom in the 12th or 13th century
constructing
a legitimate
government.
and
Queen Elisabeth
drank
wines from there.
but when it comes to wine, it accumulates time,
and already, the differentiation is there.
Compared to a 10-year-old wine, a 30-year-old
Well, I have had a strange career.
wine is considered better. The combination of
Not many people call their career strange, but
food and wine, is an issue, as well as where to
I’ve done a lot of things. I graduated from
sit. Seating, like the household in Japan, that’s
university in 1993, and for 10 years after that I
what they say. They find it very difficult to set
worked as a director at NHK TV network,
or arrange the seats. Some people are invited
which
is likeand
the
BBC,
and have
it was
quite
to
the palace
some
of them
the same
Thus, you know what kinds of wines are served.
interesting.
After the
30you
years
the Vietnam
rank.
If you believe
that
areofsuperior
and
That will give you some idea regarding to
a documentary
filmyou
where
War,seated
I created
are
at the
end of the table,
will the
not
whom the dinners were served.
leaders
of the If
war
reflected
on the
reasons
they
be so happy.
you
have more
invited
guests,
There are two types of champagne:
it’s quite
a difficult
forI the
household
to
were
involved
in it. task
Also,
created
another
vintage and non-vintage. For example, vintage
decide onon
thethe
seats.
the sequence
ranking
program
topicIf“How
Far Will of
the
Chain
was produced in 1990. For instance, Krug wine
is wrong,
reception
or banquet
will go down
of
Hatredthe
Continue
in the
Middle East?”
And
the drain. This was a scary task in a way. For
a third called “The Struggle of South Korea to
example, if you have several foreign ministers,
Avert Nuclear Conflict.” Most recently there
you also need to consider placing people who
was “Rebuilding Iraq: the Challenge of the UN,”
are friends with each other together.
for which I was awarded the Silver Medal from
Furthermore, if you invite a couple, you don’t
This
the UN Correspondents Association.
let a husband and wife sit next to each other;
award is given each year.
that’s not good. You know why? Why do they
Well,
I’ll not
dwellanonoccasion?
my personal
have to sit
together
at such
I feel
is the best kind. In other words, when you want
to serve the best kind of wine, Krug wine is the
Also, I published a book last year so I
type that you find and this is a family-made
would like to talk on the challenges of
wine. They can only produce a couple of
constructing legitimacy in peacebuilding as my
hundred bottles but anyway, the lifestyle has
first topic. I also lived in Afghanistan for a
changed and the people don’t spend many,
year, so I would like to take you through my
many hours dining. Thus, during one course,
experience.
I will
on
you will only Finally,
be served
fourbriefly
or fivetouch
dishes.
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that’s not
good. In Europe,
is a couple
Challenges
of France
Inclusivity
in
be gone. It will bePeacebuilding:
gone within a matter of 55
Post-Conflict
minutes,Cases
so that’s the most wonderful part of
society, so if they are invited they
come together,
Lessons
from Asian
but there’s no such thing as a group or a table
all. Nothing is left over. French people talk
of men, but if you take a look at the Japanese,
about art or the art of joie de vivre, this is the
some movies or programs, you will for certain
one of the French people’s most favorite words.
Daisaku HIGASHI
find a group of men. Yet it’s embarrassing to
It is like the art and science of life; it is very
Associate Professor, Center for Global Discovery, Sophia University
only have a group of men, and if the women or
difficult to find an exact translation for this
wives are invited for some reason, the men do
phrase. The art of life itself, the art of living,
not welcome that. This is a male-oriented
Good morning. I am now teaching at
society and they want to cling to each other. As
the
University
Sophia—primarily
conflict
I mentioned,
in of
terms
of seating the highest-
what does it mean? This is a sense of life, a
Cambodia and East Timor, before concluding.
sense that you want to enjoy life to the utmost,
and Elysée Palace tell us something, but I’m
peacebuilding.
I am
grateful
being
ranking guests at
thevery
banquet,
youforusually
sorry, I would like to talk about the life of
invited
to this wonderful
Thank
invite high-ranking
foreignsymposium.
diplomats, whether
ordinary people as well. I don’t know where to
you,
Mr. Sato,
Professor
Nishida,
the (they
staff
the State
leaders
are their
friendsand
or not
go. We only have few more minutes and I’m
may
not be
friends).
There Thank
are ayou
lotvery
of
of
Institute
for Peace
Science.
only talking about Elysée Palace, but anyway,
relationships
you should
consider.
much
indeed that
for having
invited
me toThen,
this
I don’t know whether you will be invited to
under such circumstances, you must decide
meeting.
what to serve – the wine and champagne.
Well, the research area that I am
Again, the wine and champagne determine
interested is how to build a legitimate
whom you want to serve. As I said, a 30-yeargovernment. I have been studying this topic
old wine is known to be better than a 10-yearfor 10 years. I would like to walk you through
old wine, so the bottle of wine will determine
what I have learned and what we could learn
the ranking or how you view the people that
from conflict peacebuilding efforts about
you are inviting. A lot of things are already
constructing
legitimate
government.
embedded
inathe
wines. Should
you choose a
Elysée Palace in your life but if you are, please
enjoy your time. And not even Elysée Palace,
but if you go to restaurants in France, they will
Well, I have had a strange career.
do everything possible to help you enjoy the
Not many people call their career strange, but
moment, which I think is a different sense than
I’ve done a lot of things. I graduated from
we have here in Japan.
university in 1993, and for 10 years after that I
If you are invited to a theater party,
worked as a director at NHK TV network,
you will be welcomed at the gate, at the door,
whichusually
is like
was quite
and
youthe
go BBC,
there and
as a itcouple.
They
Californian, Romanian, or Japanese wine? No,
interesting.
the 30why
years
of the
Vietnam
value
privacy After
and that’s
your
partner
will
no, no, French wine must be selected. France is
a documentary
filmsame
wheretime,
the
War,
I created
be
respected
and
welcomed at the
proud of its wine; it is their national asset.
leaders
of not
the war
reflected
the reasons
they
but that’s
the case
here on
in Japan.
Japanese
Elysée Palace is like a theatrical stage.
people,
we are ainhomogenized
when
were
involved
it. Also, I society,
createdbut
another
You know, people are there as a cast for this
you go toonFrance,
there
no Will
suchthe
thing
as
program
the topic
“HowisFar
Chain
stage. It is a comprehensive artwork. The food
homogeneous
French
There’s
no racial
of
Hatred Continue
in people.
the Middle
East?”
And
group called French people. You must fully
a third called “The Struggle of South Korea to
understand that; otherwise you will never be
Avert Nuclear Conflict.” Most recently there
able to understand the French lifestyle. If you
was “Rebuilding Iraq: the Challenge of the UN,”
go to Paris, I’m sure you will be able to find a
for which I was awarded the Silver Medal from
different culture of people walking around in
This
the UN Correspondents Association.
front of a café. If you are here in Japan, you’ll
award is given each year.
basically see the same kind of people, but if you
Well, I’llreally,
not dwell
on my
personal
go to France,
different
people
are
– not only food, cutlery, service, wine, you name
it, the menu as well, everything there, the
Also, I published a book last year so I
whole thing is a piece to compose as
would like to talk on the challenges of
comprehensive art, but the wine and food are
constructing legitimacy in peacebuilding as my
the core of that art, the meals… That really
first topic. I also lived in Afghanistan for a
appeals to all your senses (hearing, sight, taste,
year, so I would like to take you through my
fragrance, sounds) and everything is there.
experience.
Finally, about
I will this
briefly
touch
on
What
is so wonderful
is that
it will
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walkingChallenges
around and theyof
think
differently from
Inclusivity
in
characteristics. OfPeacebuilding:
course, it is a composite of
Post-Conflict
all the elements.
each other; but in Japan, we stick
together.from
We
Lessons
Asian
Cases Hierarchy, the behaviors, and
are a homogeneous group, so we don’t need to
facial expressions are coming from certain
communicate verbally because we already
social
understand each other without talking. But in
features are probably a bit different from those
groups,
so
individualistic
French
Daisaku HIGASHI
of Japanese people. I do hope that you will
France, everybody is considered an individual,
Associate Professor, Center for Global Discovery, Sophia University
watch the French movies. Why do French
so if you want to talk with a foreigner, you
express
yourself;
your
personality,
your
people fall in love so easily? They are not just
characteristics, everything will be exposed. If
Good morning. I am now teaching at
you look at French movies for example, the
the University
of forever,
Sophia—primarily
conflict
Frenchman
talks
right? They
talk
falling in love in a “one layer” sort of way. There
Cambodia and East Timor, before concluding.
are much deeper layers of getting to know each
other. They think so hard about conceptual love
peacebuilding.
I am
veryagrateful
being
endlessly
and it is
not just
matter offormovies;
affairs; they do not just have at-a-glance love
invitedwhat
to this
wonderful
Thank
that’s
they
do. After symposium.
they were born
until
affairs. Honoré de Balzac, a 19th-century writer,
you, Mr.
Nishida,
and
thethink
staff
they
die, Sato,
they Professor
continue to
talk and
they
said that life is a theater. Life is a theater. I’m
that’s
theirforlifestyle.
On theThank
otheryouhand,
of
Institute
Peace Science.
very
sure you know this, but French people, they
Japanese
children
are told
to sayme
“yes”
and
much
indeed
for having
invited
to this
live their lives as if they were on a stage. There
“yes.” In France, they are told to say “no” rather
meeting.
than “yes.” They express that they are different
Well, the research area that I am
from others and why not. Then they want to
interested is how to build a legitimate
persuade others to understand why not, so they
government. I have been studying this topic
never say sorry so easily.
for 10 years. I would like to walk you through
Finally, let me talk about something
what I have learned and what we could learn
to do with men and women. It is possible that
from conflict peacebuilding efforts about
French people fall in love all at once, not as
constructingasa Italians,
legitimatebut
government.
frequently
they try to catch
is a strong desire to have love affairs, toward
women, and they express that. They are the
true actors, the players on the stage, and they
Well, I have had a strange career.
feel that life itself is an art form, so they think
Not many people call their career strange, but
they need to create art on the stage; that’s life.
I’ve done a lot of things. I graduated from
French people are not able to live
university in 1993, and for 10 years after that I
alone even though individualism is so strong in
worked as a director at NHK TV network,
their culture, but they are aggressive in the
which
is seek
likepartners.
the BBC,
andeverybody
it was quite
way they
I mean
is an
women on the street. How is this different from
interesting. they
Afterare
theindependent
30 years of the
Vietnam
individual;
from
each
Japanese culture? When a Japanese man
created
a documentary
film where
the
War, Iand
other
because
of that, this desire
to find
a
wants to ask someone out on a date, he goes to
leaders ofanother
the warindividual,
reflected on
the reasons
they
partner,
is very,
very strong.
a similar age group, right? But French men,
That
found another
here in
were aggressiveness
involved in it. cannot
Also, Ibe
created
they go to all different generations, 30s men
Japan. on the topic “How Far Will the Chain
program
asks 50s women. Isn’t that something? When
is ainword
“savage”.
There
is
of HatredThere
Continue
the Middle
East?”
And
another word, “civilian,” which means someone
a third called “The Struggle of South Korea to
who does the work of culture or civilization. A
Avert Nuclear Conflict.” Most recently there
barbarian is different from a civilian or civil
was “Rebuilding Iraq: the Challenge of the UN,”
personnel. People who find it difficult to get to
for which I was awarded the Silver Medal from
know strangers are included in the concept of
This
the UN Correspondents Association.
the barbarian, so French people find Japanese
award is given each year.
people difficult to get acquainted with.
I’ll notpeople,
dwell have
on my
personal
Civilians,Well,
the civilian
a good
sense
French men meet women, at a glance, they try
to capture that person; you know the sense, the
Also, I published a book last year so I
facial expression, the behavior, their ability to
would like to talk on the challenges of
grasp who that person is, is so wonderful.
constructing legitimacy in peacebuilding as my
Japanese men don’t have that kind of a capacity.
first topic. I also lived in Afghanistan for a
After 3 minutes of talking, French people
year, so I would like to take you through my
immediately understand where this person is
experience.
I willabout
briefly individual
touch on
coming from.Finally,
We talk
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of sociability.
Pascal, theofphilosopher,
created
Challenges
Inclusivity
in
the concept of
usually looks at those
people, the guests that
Post-Conflict
Peacebuilding:
he or she
invited, and how sociable they are;
philosophy as Lessons
they say andfrom
he
Asian
Cases
said, so this is not a literal translation. Every
they are watching for that. Take Japanese
gentleman has a sociable competence; he will
society, for example. The Japanese always
be more wonderful than the one who has
think about in-group people such as those that
Daisaku HIGASHI
excellent skills or the scholar who has good
go to the same school, same workplace, or
Associate Professor, Center for Global Discovery, Sophia University
knowledge. Even if you have one excellent skill,
something like that. Of course, there is inyou may not be liked by others compared to
grouping in France, but the Japanese in-group
people who have no excellent skills. But if you
Good morning. I am now teaching at
are a gentleman who can make the right
the
University
of Sophia—primarily
conflict
judgment,
the correct
judgment, and if you
are
does not expand. It always has the same people,
Cambodia and East Timor, before concluding.
they are always the same, and they go to
karaoke so they are always part of the in-
peacebuilding.
I am is
very
being
sociable, then that
thegrateful
most for
excellent
group; it does not expand and just stays small.
invited
to this
symposium.
Thank
competency
wewonderful
want to have.
The concept
of
You will be invited by French people and you
you,
Mr. Sato,
Professor Nishida,
and
the staff
sociality
was introduced
during a
major
era;
may have to talk. At that time, I would like you
only
150 years
have Science.
passed since
theyou
concept
of
Institute
for Peace
Thank
very
to positively be involved in the conversation.
was created.
not very
sophisticated
in
much
indeed It
forishaving
invited
me to this
You cannot speak French fluently, as fluent as
Japan. But the French introduced sociality a
meeting.
long time ago, so they could develop it into a
Well, the research area that I am
sophisticated notion.
interested is how to build a legitimate
They have a party every weekend and
government. I have been studying this topic
they invite many people. They enjoy
for 10 years. I would like to walk you through
themselves very much because when I watch
what I have learned and what we could learn
French people during conversations at a party,
from conflict peacebuilding efforts about
they confirm the personalities of the people
constructing
a legitimate
who they are
talking to.government.
They invite many
they do, but you can show them what kind of
identity you have. You can just say a word to
show that you have this kind of identity. If you
Well, I have had a strange career.
can show that to the French people, you will be
Not many people call their career strange, but
invited again. You cannot stay silent, and this
I’ve done a lot of things. I graduated from
can be said for men or women, the relationship
university in 1993, and for 10 years after that I
between men and women. There is a proverb in
worked as a director at NHK TV network,
France; a man does not say anything during
which is helikemight
the BBC,
and it was
quite
dating,
be thinking
indecent.
people who have different occupations. At such
interesting.I see
After
the who
30 years
of theaVietnam
Sometimes
a man
is talking
lot; that
a party, they spend time, about 3 hours or so.
a documentary
War,
I created
is sociality
in conversation,
so film
he iswhere
goingthe
to
After talking for 3 hours, they will know who
leaders
of the
war reflected
on the
reasons
they
pursue the
woman
to date him
by telling
stories.
they are and what they are doing, what they
But itinvolved
is not easy,
so ifAlso,
you have
a dateanother
with a
were
in it.
I created
are thinking. I believe I understand what they
French man
or woman,
I will
provide
youChain
with
program
on the
topic “How
Far
Will the
are thinking and how they talk and what kind
good
suggestions
and
of
Hatred
Continue
inadvice.
the Middle East?” And
Thank you very much for your
a third called “The Struggle of South Korea to
attention.
Avert Nuclear Conflict.” Most recently there
of perspective they have. I understand that on
the weekend. When I’m at a party, the host does
Also, I published a book last year so I
not invite me to speak with him or her because
would like to talk on the challenges of
I look like a difficult person to talk to. The host
constructing legitimacy in peacebuilding as my
for which I was awarded the Silver Medal from
first topic.
the UN Correspondents Association.
was “Rebuilding Iraq: the Challenge of the UN,”
I also lived in Afghanistan for a
year, so I would like to take you through my
experience.
This
award is given each year.
Finally, I will briefly touch on
Well, I’ll not dwell on my personal
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No. 31
Challenges of Inclusivity in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding:
Lessons from Asian Cases
Daisaku HIGASHI
Associate Professor, Center for Global Discovery, Sophia University
Good morning.
Cambodia and East Timor, before concluding.
I am now teaching at
the University of Sophia—primarily conflict
peacebuilding.
I am very grateful for being
invited to this wonderful symposium.
Thank
you, Mr. Sato, Professor Nishida, and the staff
of Institute for Peace Science.
Thank you very
much indeed for having invited me to this
meeting.
Well, the research area that I am
interested is how to build a legitimate
Couple on a public bench
government. I have been studying this topic
for 10 years.
Well, I have had a strange career.
Man, and woman at a social function
Not many people call their career strange, but
I would like to walk you through
I’ve done a lot of things.
I graduated from
what I have learned and what we could learn
university in 1993, and for 10 years after that I
from
worked as a director at NHK TV network,
conflict
peacebuilding
efforts
about
constructing a legitimate government.
which is like the BBC, and it was quite
interesting.
After the 30 years of the Vietnam
War, I created a documentary film where the
leaders of the war reflected on the reasons they
were involved in it.
Also, I created another
program on the topic “How Far Will the Chain
of Hatred Continue in the Middle East?”
And
a third called “The Struggle of South Korea to
Also, I published a book last year so I
Avert Nuclear Conflict.”
Most recently there
would like to talk on the challenges of
was “Rebuilding Iraq: the Challenge of the UN,”
constructing legitimacy in peacebuilding as my
for which I was awarded the Silver Medal from
first topic.
the UN Correspondents Association.
I also lived in Afghanistan for a
year,
so enjoying
I would wine
like to
take
you
through my
People
and
meal
etc.
experience.
This
award is given (Photo：Satoru
each year.
UDAGAWA)
Finally, I will briefly touch on
Well, I’ll not dwell on my personal
39
17