Wisconsin Emergency Management
Crude Oil by Rail
Preparedness
WI Towns Association Convention
October 11, 2016
Crude Oil Incident Preparedness
We will cover:
• About Wisconsin Emergency Management
• Wisconsin’s railroad footprint
• Overview of crude-by-rail transportation
• Recent Federal regulations
• Response Teams and Resources
• Mutual Aid Systems
• State and Federal Support
• Planning efforts
• Training and Exercise Opportunities
• Duties of the Commissioner of Railroads
• Federal system – Federal Railroad
Administration (US DOT – PHMSA)
Wisconsin Emergency Management
Department of Military Affairs
GOVERNOR
ADJUTANT GENERAL
Maj Gen Don Dunbar
DEPUTY AG ARMY
DEPUTY AG AIR
DEP AG JNT STAFF
WEM ADMIN.
BG Mark Anderson
Brig Gen Gary Ebben
Maj Gen John McCoy
Brian Satula
Wisconsin Emergency Management
Mission: Prepare, Support and Coordinate
Vision: Help build Disaster-resilient Communities
Lines of Effort:
• Administrative
(grants, Domops, PIO, and budget)
• Planning and Preparedness
(training, cat. planning, EPCRA, REP)
• Response and Recovery
(field support, recovery, mitigation)
• Mission Support
(warning/comms, GIS, credentialing)
• Conduit for state and federal resources
Wisconsin Emergency Management
WEM Regions
Wisconsin’s Railroad Footprint
Railroad Facts
• First railroad in WI – 1847
• Currently 13 freight
railroads
• Three Type 1 railroad lines
• 3,300 route miles
• 4,500 railroad crossings
• 162 million tons of freight
• $122 billion in value
• Current two passenger
routes:
 Empire Builder
(Chicago to Seattle)
 Hiawatha Service
(Milwaukee to
Chicago)
• 820,000 passengers
Railroad Transportation
Crude-by-Rail Transport
• Over 16 thousand carloads/week
• Over 1.6 million barrels/day
Annual Rail Transport
• Over 570K carloads/week
• Percentage of Rail Traffic
 Intermodal (containers) 53.9%
 Grain, farm products
10.5%
 Stone, sand, gravel
9.9%
 Petroleum/products
7.3%
 Coal
4.5%
 Vehicles/vehicle parts
2.3%
 Other
11.6%
DOT Secretary’s “Call to Action”
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•
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January 2014
Classification of crude oil
Operational controls
Tank car integrity – voluntary
improvements
What does the May 7th DOT emergency
order say?
• Notification to the SERC – rail lines,
threshold quantities, ave. per week
• Railroads have begun to report
• Unannounced inspections/testing
• Urging railroad co.’s to use highest
level integrity tank cars
New Federal Regulations
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•
Issued on May 1, 2015
U.S. and Canada
New tank car construction
Specific requirements include:
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New braking (2021)
Speed limits (Now)
Testing products shipped
Rail Routing – information
• New design (2018)
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Bulkhead shields
Thermal protection
Valve protection
Reinforced outlets
Thicker shells
Fixing America’s Surface Transportation
(FAST) Act
December 4, 2015
o Creates a new competitive grant program - Community Safety Grants:
 Allows nonprofit organizations to provide outreach and training programs to help
communities prepare for and respond to incidents involving hazardous materials;
 Provides training for State and local hazardous materials professionals who
enforce hazardous materials safety regulations.
o Improves Emergency Preparedness and Response:
 Clarifies the U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) authority to facilitate the
movement of essential hazardous material during national emergencies;
 Improve the government's ability to carry out emergency response efforts.
o Improves the Safe Transportation of Flammable Liquids by Rail:
 Requires that all tank cars used to transport crude oil and other hazardous liquids
meet the new, safer tank car specifications outlined in DOT's High Hazard
Flammable Train rule to strengthen the safe transportation of flammable liquids;
 Requires that tank cars be retrofitted to meet the new DOT-117, DOT-117P or
DOT-117R specifications, and establishes a new timeline to phase-out tank cars.
o Improves the Effectiveness of the Hazardous Materials Grant Programs:
 Streamlines and seeks to maximize the impact of grants;
 Promotes greater accountability and flexibility in administrating grants.
What about Crude Oil?
Definition: A naturally occurring,
unrefined petroleum product
composed of hydrocarbon deposits that
are refined to produce usable products
such as gasoline, diesel and various
forms of petrochemicals.
Crude Oil Properties
Sweet and Sour crude mean?
• Impurities – sulfur, benzene, gases
• Sweet crude – less sulfur content
• Sour crude – more sulfur content
UN/NA - 1267
Other Properties
• Low flash point – high vapor press.
• Low viscosity – flows easily
• Vapor density – heavier than air
• Specific gravity – lighter than water
• BTU production – exposure tank cars
• Compares to gasoline
UN/NA - 1203
Crude Oil Transportation
Sour Crude
Sweet Crude
Crude Oil Incidents
• July 6, 2013 – Lac-Megantic, Quebec, CA
unattended train, derail, fire, 47 killed, evac.
• February 16, 2015 – Mt. Carbon, West Virginia
derailment, fire, oil release into Kanawha River
• March 5, 2015 - Galena, Illinois, derailment,
fire, oil release into Galena/Mississippi River
* All these incidents have the same thing in
common – they all traveled through
Wisconsin before they had the incident.
Concerns
Question: Hazardous Materials issue or
firefighting issue?
Answer:
•
•
•
•
It’s both and its . . .
Public safety – evacuation
Environmental – ground (wells), air, water
Fuel – heat production
Tactical differences – population centers vs
rural areas
• Frequency – number of freight trains
• Resource dependent – availability of foam
product
Risk or Potential
Unit Trains – up to 100 cars (30,000-gallons each)
Discussion About Risk
Risk Defined
DHS Definition of Risk = Threat X Vulnerability X Consequence
Threat – domestic and international terrorism
(30%)
(disrupted plots, threat reporting from
known or suspected actors)
Vulnerability – targeted sectors and vector ease
(20%)
(specific infrastructure, frequency of
opportunity and border entry)
Consequence – highest factor in risk
(50%)
(specific to population, economic
stability, critical infrastructure, national
security, and environmental impact)
Wisconsin’s Risk Strategy
Risk can/will never be fully eliminated; doing so would be cost-prohibitive.
Buy down risk with our resources; prioritize by greatest to least risk.
Discussion About Risk
What do we know about risk?
Key Risk Factors
• Population and proximity (public safety)
• Residences and businesses
• Environment
• Local, state and national economy
• Critical infrastructure
Critical Outcome Factors
• Connections
• Risk mitigation
• Preparedness
• Response systems
• Support resources
• Coordination
Discussion About Risk
Union Pacific/
Canadian National
Population
Burlington Northern/
Santa Fe
Canadian Pacific
Area of highest
population in
the state
Discussion About Risk
Case Studies
Milwaukee County
Buffalo County
Crude Oil Transportation
Routes – 34 Counties
Bayfield
Douglas
Iron
Vilas
Ashland
Burnett
Washburn
Sawyer
Florence
Oneida
Price
Polk
Barron
Forest
Rusk
Lincoln
Taylor
St.
Croix
Pierce
Dunn
Langlade
Chippewa
Marathon
Eau
Claire
Pepin
Clark
Portage
Buffalo
Marinette
Wood
Oconto
Menominee
Shawano
Door
Brown Kewaunee
Waupaca
Outagamie
Jackson
Trempealeau
Manitowo
Waushara Winne Calumet
c
bago
Adams
La Monroe
Marquette
Green
Crosse
Juneau
Lake Fond du Lac Sheboygan
Vernon
Richland Sauk
Crawford
Ozaukee
Dodge
Washington
Waukesha
Milwaukee
Jefferson
Racine
La Fayette Green Rock Walworth
Kenosha
Iowa
Grant
Columbia
Dane
Wisconsin Counties (34)
Buffalo, Chippewa, Clark,
Columbia, Crawford,
Dodge, Douglas, Fond du
Lac, Grant, Jefferson,
Juneau, Kenosha, La
Crosse, Marathon,
Milwaukee, Monroe,
Outagamie, Pepin, Pierce,
Portage, Racine, Rusk,
Sawyer, Sauk, Taylor,
Trempealeau, Vernon,
Walworth, Washburn,
Washington, Waukesha,
Waupaca, Winnebago,
and Wood.
Canadian National RR
Union Pacific RR
Bayfield
Douglas
Iron
Vilas
Ashland
Burnett
Washburn
Sawyer
Florence
Oneida
Price
Polk
Barron
Taylor
St.
Croix
Pierce
Dunn
Forest
Rusk
Lincoln
Langlade
Chippewa
Marathon
Eau
Claire
Pepin
Clark
Buffalo
Portage
Wood
Jackson
Trempealeau
Marinette
Oconto
Menominee
Shawano
Door
Waupaca
BrownKewaunee
Outagamie
Manitowoc
Waushara Winne Calumet
bago
Adams
La Monroe
Marquette
Gree
Crosse
Juneau
Fond du LacSheboygan
n
Lake
Vernon
Ozaukee
Columbia
Dodge
Richland Sauk
Crawford
Washington
Dane
Waukesha
Iowa
Milwaukee
Jefferson
Grant
Racine
La Fayette Green Rock Walworth
Kenosha
Wisconsin
Counties (19)
Douglas,
Washburn,
Sawyer, Rusk,
Chippewa, Taylor,
Clark, Marathon,
Portage, Wood,
Waupaca,
Outagamie,
Winnebago,
Fond du Lac,
Dodge
Washington,
Waukesha,
Walworth, Racine,
and Kenosha.
Canadian Pacific RR
Bayfield
Douglas
Iron
Vilas
Ashland
Burnett
Washburn
Sawyer
Florence
Oneida
Price
Polk
Barron
Taylor
St.
Croix
Pierce
Dunn
Forest
Rusk
Chippewa
Eau
Claire
Pepin
Clark
Lincoln
Langlad
e
Oconto
Menomine
Marathon
e
Shawano
Portage
Buffalo
Marinette
Wood
Door
Brow Kewaunee
Waupaca
Outagamie
n
Jackson
Trempealeau
Manitowoc
Waushara Winne Calumet
bago
Adams
La Monroe
Marquette
Green
Crosse
Sheboygan
Juneau
Lake Fond du Lac
Vernon
Richland Sauk
Crawford
Columbia
Dane
Dodge
Ozaukee
Washington
Waukesha
Milwauke
Jefferson
e
Grant
Racine
La Fayette Green Rock Walworth
Kenosha
Iowa
Wisconsin
Counties (10)
La Crosse,
Monroe,
Juneau,
Columbia,
Dodge,
Jefferson,
Kenosha
Waukesha,
Milwaukee,
Racine,
and Sauk.
Burlington Northern-Santa Fe RR
Bayfield
Douglas
Iron
Vilas
Ashland
Burnett
Washburn
Sawyer
Florence
Oneida
Price
Polk
Barron
Forest
Rusk
Lincoln
Taylor
St.
Croix
Pierce
Dunn
Langlade
Chippewa
Marathon
Eau
Claire
Pepin
Clark
Portage
Buffalo
Marinette
Wood
Oconto
Menominee
Shawano
Door
Brown Kewaunee
Waupaca
Outagamie
Jackson
Trempealeau
Manitowoc
Waushara Winne Calumet
bago
Adams
La Monroe
Marquette
Green
Crosse
Juneau
Lake Fond du Lac Sheboygan
Vernon
Richland Sauk
Crawford
Iowa
Columbia
Dane
Grant
La Fayette Green
Ozaukee
Dodge
Washington
Waukesha
Milwaukee
Jefferson
Racine
Rock Walworth
Kenosha
Wisconsin
Counties (8)
Pierce,
Pepin,
Buffalo,
Trempealeau,
La Crosse,
Vernon,
Crawford,
and Grant.
Starting Point: Strategic Focus
• Prevention
• Protection
Reduced
Probability
of Failure
• Mitigation
• Buy down risk
Reduced
Consequences
Resilience
Reduced Time
to Restoration
• Rapid Response
• Comprehensive
• Recovery
• Whole Community
Hazardous Materials
Emergency Preparedness Grant
Three-Year Strategy
Year 1: Survey the Hazardous Materials Environment and
Identify Risk Areas
September 2016 to September 2017 – Targeted Goals
Year 2: Assess Preparedness, Response Capability and
Training Delivery
September 2017 to September 2018 – Intended Goals
Year 3: Identify Gaps, Key Recommendations and
Implementation Strategies
September 2018 to September 2019 – Intended Goals
Community/County Strategy
“All disasters start and end locally”
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Collaborative planning efforts
Develop flexible operational capabilities
Tiered response systems
Assess and identify risk factors
Awareness of your physical and risk environment
Identify capability resources and needs
Monitor information resources
Utilize the incident command system
Training and exercise for your environment
Shipment Notifications
DOT Emergency Order – May 6, 2014
Bakken Crude Oil Shipment Notification
E-sponder Site
Resources
Mutual Aid Box Alarm System
Bayfield
Douglas
Iron
Vilas
Ashland
Burnett
Washburn
Sawyer
Florence
Oneida
Price
Polk
Barron
Forest
Rusk
Lincoln
Taylor
St.
Croix
Pierce
Dunn
Langlade
Chippewa
Marathon
Eau
Claire
Pepin
Clark
Portage
Buffalo
Marinette
Wood
Oconto
Menominee
Shawano
Door
Brown Kewaunee
Waupaca
Outagamie
Jackson
Trempealeau
Manitowoc
Waushara Winne Calumet
bago
Adams
La Monroe
Marquette
Green
Crosse
Juneau
Lake Fond du Lac Sheboygan
Vernon
Richland Sauk
Crawford
Iowa
Columbia
Dane
Grant
La Fayette Green
Ozaukee
Dodge
Washington
Waukesha
Milwaukee
Jefferson
Racine
Rock Walworth
Kenosha
88% of the counties
affected are organized
within MABAS
Resources
Hazardous Materials Teams
Bayfield
Douglas
Iron
Vilas
Ashland
Burnett
Washburn
Sawyer
Florence
Oneida
Price
Polk
Barron
Forest
Rusk
Lincoln
Taylor
St.
Croix
Pierce
Dunn
Marathon
Pepin
Clark
Portage
Buffalo
Type II Team
Langlade
Chippewa
Eau
Claire
Type I Team
Marinette
Wood
Oconto
Menominee
Shawano
Door
Type III Team
Brown Kewaunee
Waupaca
Outagamie
Jackson
Trempealeau
Manitowoc
Waushara Winne Calumet
bago
Adams
La Monroe
Marquette
Green
Crosse
Juneau
Lake Fond du Lac Sheboygan
Vernon
Richland Sauk
Crawford
Iowa
Columbia
Dane
Grant
La Fayette Green
Ozaukee
Dodge
Washington
Waukesha
Milwaukee
Jefferson
Racine
Rock Walworth
Kenosha
88% of the teams
are within 60-min.
response time
Resources
Foam and Equipment Cache
Bayfield
Douglas
Iron
Vilas
Ashland
Burnett
Washburn
Sawyer
Florence
Oneida
Price
Minneapolis
St. Paul, MN
Forest
Polk
Barron
Rusk
Lincoln
Taylor
St.
Croix
Langlade
Oconto
Menominee
Chippewa
Dunn
Marathon
Eau
Claire
Pierce
Pepin
Marinette
Shawano
Clark
Portage
Buffalo
Wood
Jackson
Trempealeau
La
Monroe
Crosse
Door
Brow
Waupaca
Outagamie n
Kewaunee
Manitowoc
Winne
Waushara
Calumet
bago
Adams
Marquette
Green
Juneau
Lake Fond du Lac Sheboygan
Vernon
Richland
Sauk
Columbia
Crawford
Waukesha
Dane
Iowa
Grant
La Fayette Green
Ozaukee
Dodge
Washington
Milwaukee
Jefferson
Rock
Foam Supplies:
• 1600 gallons, appliances, & pumps
at REACT Center – Volk Field
• 1500 gallons at Mitchell
International Airport
• 1500 gallons in the Fox Valley
• Railroad-owned cache of foam and
equipment
• Future locations – prioritized by risk
o SW Region
o NE Region
o NW Region
Racine
Walworth
Kenosha
Des Moines, IA
Chicago, IL
Goal: Have additional foam
supplies available in
Notification + 2 hours.
REACT Center – Foam Resources
Resources include:
• 1,600 gallons of 3% foam conc.
(55,000 gal. foam product)
• Two pumps for off loading
• Two monitor application nozzles
• We will deliver to the incident
How to Access:
• Determine the need
• Call the WEM Duty Officer
1-800-943-0003, Option 2
• Provide the following:
 POC – phone/cell
 Type of incident
 Delivery county/location/GPS
 Access/entry route
 DNR notified
Resources
What resources are
available to you?
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Emergency Response Guidebook
Chemtrec
Railroad companies
Mutual Aid Systems – MABAS
Hazardous Materials Teams
Cache of foam and equipment
State and Federal resources
1-800-262-8200
Current Data Analysis
What was revealed?
2011-2016 RAILROAD INCIDENTS
25
20
15
10
5
0
Provide training on response to flammable liquid fires.
Source: https://hazmatonline.phmsa.dot.gov/IncidentReportsSearch/
What state support available?
Planning and Preparedness
• WI Emergency Response Plan
• WI Fire Service Emergency Response Plan
• WI Hazardous Materials Response System
• Develop incident action plans
• Training and Exercises
• State agency response coordinators
Response and Recovery
• Type 2 IMT
• Wisconsin Emergency Support Team – WEST
State agencies supporting Local/County EOC’s
• Recovery Task Force – state agencies
responsible for recovery: economy, health and
social services, housing, infrastructure and
environment
Training and Exercises
Training
• Center for Domestic Preparedness
• SERTC – railroad company sponsored
• Training – HMEP funded
• NIMS/ICS – HSGP funded
• Training – State GPR funded
Exercises
• Upper Mississippi – October 2014
• Operation Safe Delivery – June 2015
• Miles Paratus – June 2016
• State and local exercises
Pilot Training Program
Goals and Provisions of the Pilot:
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Provides training on crude oil transport and response in two formats
Training provided at no cost to departments/responders attending
Students receive a certificate of completion at the conclusion of class
Geared toward the volunteer fire community
Registration on the WEM Training Portal (Dates, Times, and PPE)
• Format 1: 8-hour Awareness Course (class instruction only)
 Delivered at a county location
 Topics include:
- Container and chemical identification
- Properties of flammable/combustible liquids; Bakken Crude Oil
- Methods of transmission (rail and pipeline) and transport
 Response protocols and responder safety
• Format 2: Format 1 plus 8-hour hands-on (class and practical)
 The awareness class and the hands-on class can be offered back to back
at Volk Field when demand for this coupling exists
 Full PPE required of the students
Operation Safe Delivery Exercise
Exercise Objectives:
• First Day – Command and
Communication
• Second Day - Recovery
• Operational Coordination
Partners Involved:
• Local
• State
• Federal
Wisconsin Emergency Support Team
Concept:
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Provide support to local field response and recovery activities;
Serve as a state agency point of contact to the field;
Report agency information to the emergency operations center (EOC);
Provide a local--state conduit for resource requests and management.
Provide staffing in the County/Local EOC, if needed.
Design
• Lead by Regional Director;
• State agencies will designate a team
member;
• Team members have the authority to
coordinate actions their Department.
Wisconsin Emergency Support Team
Incident Engagement
Incident Structure
Incident Support
Governor
Command
Strategic Support
WI Emergency
Management
WEM
Regional Director
Operational Support
Coordination
State
Agencies
WI Emergency
Support Team
(WEST)
Local/County
EOC
Incident
Command
Tactical Operations
Field
Operations
Incident
Management
Team
What about tactics?
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Establish command (IC/UC)
Determine the scope/call for help
Rescue immediate threatened
Critical exposure protection
Exclusion zone/perimeter/access control
Identify the products involved/sources
Public and responder safety
Crisis communications
Know when you are overwhelmed
Call for help (1-800-943-0003, Option 2)
Determine Incident Strategy
• Offensive
Considerations for incident
strategy:
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• Defensive
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• Non-Intervention
Evacuation or shelter-inplace
Impact on the environment
Technical expertise
Containment of the product
Evaporation rate
Extinguishment vs. burn off
Air and water monitoring
Lead time for resources –
manpower, foam,
equipment and water
supply.
What are the takeaways?
Final Analysis
• Pipelines vs. Trains
• Hazardous Materials, flammables are transported everyday
• Develop a broad range of capabilities and identify resources
• Best course is collaboration, planning, information sharing
Key principles of the NPG
 Engaged partnerships
 Tiered response
 Scalable, flexible, adaptable
operational capabilities
 Unity of effort through
unified command
 Readiness to Act
Concluding Thought
“Preparing by word and deed for the
unthinkable is hardly a pleasant
exercise, but if we engage in it today,
we can prevent far greater harm from
befalling us tomorrow. If we plan for
the worst, we just might avoid some
and maybe even all of it.”
Michael Chertoff
Former DHS Secretary
Wisconsin Emergency Management
QUESTIONS??