Contents
Geography and You .............................. xxii
Reading for Information ................... xxiv
TEKS Preview:
A Guide for
Students and Parents . . . . TEKS 1
REFERENCE ATLAS
World: Physical .................................... RA2
World: Political .................................... RA4
United States: Physical ...................... RA6
United States: Political ...................... RA8
Canada: Physical/Political .............. RA10
Middle America: Physical/
Political ............................................. RA12
North America: Physical ................. RA14
North America: Political ................. RA15
South America: Physical ................. RA16
South America: Political ................. RA17
Africa: Physical .................................. RA18
Africa: Political .................................. RA19
Europe: Physical ................................ RA20
Europe: Political ................................ RA22
Asia: Physical ..................................... RA24
Asia: Political ..................................... RA26
Oceania: Physical/Political ............ RA28
Pacific Rim: Physical/Political ...... RA30
Ocean Floor ........................................ RA32
World Land Use ................................. RA34
World Gross Domestic Product
Cartogram ........................................ RA36
World Population Cartogram ....... RA38
Polar Regions ..................................... RA40
vi
GEOGRAPHY SKILLS
HANDBOOK ....................................... 1
Thinking Like a Geographer ................ 2
From Globes to Maps ............................ 4
Common Map Projections .................... 6
Reading a Map ........................................ 8
Types of Maps ...................................... 10
Graphs, Charts, and Diagrams .......... 12
Geographic Dictionary ........................ 14
Unit 1
The World .......................................... 16
Chapter 1
How Geographers Look at the World ............ 18
1 Exploring Geography ...................... 19
2 The Geographer’s Craft .................. 23
Chapter 2
The Earth ........................................................ 32
1 Planet Earth ...................................... 33
2 Forces of Change .............................. 37
VIEWPOINT:
Invasive Species ................................... 44
3 Earth’s Water .................................... 46
Chapter 3
Climates of the Earth ..................................... 54
1 Earth-Sun Relationships ................. 55
2 Factors Affecting Climate ............... 59
3 World Climate Patterns ................... 65
Contents
Chapter 4
The Human World .......................................... 74
1
2
3
4
World Population ............................. 75
Global Cultures ................................ 80
Political and Economic Systems .... 86
Resources, Trade, and the
Environment ..................................... 91
Unit 2
The United States
and Canada .................................. 100
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■
■
Regional Atlas ............... 102
What Makes the United States
and Canada a Region? .................. 102
Country Profiles ............................. 110
GLOBAL CONNECTION:
Ice Hockey ...................................... 112
Chapter 5
The Physical Geography of the
United States and Canada ........................... 114
1 The Land ......................................... 115
2 Climate and Vegetation ................ 121
Chapter 6
The Cultural Geography of the
United States and Canada ........................... 132
1 Population Patterns ....................... 133
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY:
Give and Take Across the Border ..... 138
2 History and Government ............. 140
3 Cultures and Lifestyles ................. 146
Chapter 7
The United States and Canada Today .......... 156
1 Living in the United States and
Canada ............................................. 157
2 People and Their Environment ... 165
VIEWPOINT:
United States’s Wetlands .................. 170
Handbook of Texas Geography ..............TX1
Texas: Atlas ................ TX2
1 Natural Regions of Texas ....... TX4
VIEWPOINT:
A Supply Running Dry ............... TX8
2 People and Cultures ............. TX10
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY:
Border That
Divides and Unites ................. TX14
Unit 3
Latin America ............................... 176
Regional Atlas ............... 178
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What Makes Latin America a
Region? ............................................ 178
Country Profiles ............................. 186
GLOBAL CONNECTION:
Food Crops ..................................... 190
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Contents
Chapter 8
The Physical Geography of
Latin America ............................................... 192
1 The Land ......................................... 193
2 Climate and Vegetation ................. 199
Chapter 9
The Cultural Geography of
Latin America ............................................... 210
1 Population Patterns ....................... 211
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY:
Passage Through Panama ................ 218
2 History and Government ............. 220
3 Cultures and Lifestyles ................. 226
Chapter 10
Latin America Today .................................... 236
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY:
Yugoslavia: Then and Now .............. 292
2 History and Government ............. 294
3 Cultures and Lifestyles ................. 301
Chapter 13
Europe Today ............................................... 312
1 Living in Europe ............................ 313
2 People and Their Environment ... 320
VIEWPOINT:
Germany’s Forests: In the Path of
Acid Rain ............................................ 326
Unit 5
Russia ............................................... 332
1 Living in Latin America ................ 237
2 People and Their Environment ... 242
■
VIEWPOINT:
Brazil’s Rain Forest: Biodiversity .... 248
Unit 4
Europe ............................................... 254
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■
■
Regional Atlas ............... 256
What Makes Europe a Region? ..... 256
Country Profiles ............................. 264
GLOBAL CONNECTION:
Architecture .................................... 268
Chapter 11
The Physical Geography of Europe .............. 270
1 The Land ......................................... 271
2 Climate and Vegetation ................. 277
Chapter 12
The Cultural Geography of Europe ............... 286
1 Population Patterns ....................... 287
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Regional Atlas ............... 334
What Makes Russia a Region? ..... 334
Country Profiles ............................. 340
GLOBAL CONNECTION:
The Nutcracker ............................... 342
Chapter 14
The Physical Geography of Russia ............. 344
1 The Land ......................................... 345
2 Climate and Vegetation ................. 351
Chapter 15
The Cultural Geography of Russia ............... 362
1 Population Patterns ....................... 363
2 History and Government ............. 367
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY:
Russia’s Iron Road ............................. 374
3 Cultures and Lifestyles ................. 376
Chapter 16
Russia Today ................................................ 386
1 Living in Russia ............................. 387
Contents
VIEWPOINT:
Russia’s Supertrawlers: Factories
at Sea .................................................... 394
2 People and Their Environment ..... 396
Unit 6
Regional Atlas ............... 482
Regional Atlas ............... 406
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■
Africa South of the
Sahara .............................................. 480
■
North Africa, Southwest
Asia, and Central Asia ......... 404
■
Unit 7
What Makes North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Central Asia
a Region? ......................................... 406
Country Profiles ............................. 414
GLOBAL CONNECTION:
Religions .......................................... 418
Chapter 17
The Physical Geography of North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Central Asia ............... 420
1 The Land ......................................... 421
2 Climate and Vegetation ................. 427
Chapter 18
The Cultural Geography of North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Central Asia ............... 438
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What Makes Africa South of the
Sahara a Region? ............................ 482
Country Profiles ............................. 490
GLOBAL CONNECTION: Roots
of Jazz .............................................. 496
Chapter 20
The Physical Geography of Africa South
of the Sahara ............................................... 498
1 The Land ......................................... 499
2 Climate and Vegetation ................. 505
Chapter 21
The Cultural Geography of Africa South
of the Sahara ............................................... 514
1 Population Patterns ....................... 515
2 History and Government ............. 519
3 Cultures and Lifestyles ................. 525
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY:
Conflict in Central Africa: Hutu
versus Tutsi ......................................... 530
1 Population Patterns ....................... 439
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY:
Black Gold in the Persian Gulf ........ 444
2 History and Government ............. 446
3 Cultures and Lifestyles ................. 453
Chapter 19
North Africa, Southwest Asia, and
Central Asia Today ....................................... 462
1 Living in North Africa, Southwest
Asia, and Central Asia .................. 463
2 People and Their Environment ... 469
VIEWPOINT:
Turkey’s Atatürk Dam: Diverting
a River’s Flow .................................... 474
ix
Contents
Chapter 22
Africa South of the Sahara Today ............... 536
1 Living in Africa South of the
Sahara .............................................. 537
2 People and Their Environment ... 543
VIEWPOINT:
Southern Africa’s Dilemma: Renew
the Ivory Trade? ................................. 548
Unit 9
East Asia ......................................... 630
Regional Atlas ............... 632
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Unit 8
South Asia ..................................... 554
■
■
■
Regional Atlas ............... 556
What Makes South Asia a
Region? ............................................ 556
Country Profiles ............................. 564
GLOBAL CONNECTION:
Textiles ............................................. 566
Chapter 23
The Physical Geography of
South Asia .................................................... 568
1 The Land ......................................... 569
2 Climate and Vegetation ................. 575
Chapter 24
The Cultural Geography of
South Asia .................................................... 586
1 Population Patterns ....................... 587
2 History and Government ............ 592
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY:
Mountain Madness: Struggle for
Kashmir ............................................... 598
3 Cultures and Lifestyles ................. 600
Chapter 25
South Asia Today ......................................... 610
1 Living in South Asia ...................... 611
2 People and Their Environment ..... 618
VIEWPOINT:
India’s Green Revolution: Success
or Failure? ........................................... 624
x
What Makes East Asia a
Region? ............................................ 632
Country Profiles ............................. 640
GLOBAL CONNECTION:
Electronics ....................................... 642
Chapter 26
The Physical Geography of East Asia .......... 644
1 The Land ......................................... 645
2 Climate and Vegetation ................. 651
Chapter 27
The Cultural Geography of East Asia ........... 660
1 Population Patterns ....................... 661
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY:
A Tale of Two Chinas ........................ 666
2 History and Government ............. 668
3 Cultures and Lifestyles ................. 673
Chapter 28
East Asia Today ............................................ 684
1 Living in East Asia ......................... 685
2 People and Their Environment ... 692
VIEWPOINT:
China’s Three Gorges: Before the
Flood .................................................... 698
Contents
Unit 10
Southeast Asia .......................... 704
Regional Atlas ............... 706
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■
■
What Makes Southeast Asia a
Region? ............................................ 706
Country Profiles ............................. 714
GLOBAL CONNECTION: Cuisine .... 716
Chapter 29
The Physical Geography of
Southeast Asia ............................................. 718
1 The Land ......................................... 719
2 Climate and Vegetation ................. 725
Chapter 30
The Cultural Geography of
Southeast Asia ............................................. 734
1 Population Patterns ....................... 735
2 History and Government ............. 740
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY:
The Long War: America in
Vietnam ............................................... 746
3 Cultures and Lifestyles ................. 748
Chapter 31
Southeast Asia Today .................................. 758
1 Living in Southeast Asia ............... 759
2 People and Their Environment ... 766
VIEWPOINT:
Southeast Asia’s Coral Reefs: Coral
in Peril ................................................. 772
Unit 11
Australia, Oceania,
and Antarctica ............................ 778
■
Regional Atlas ............... 780
What Makes Australia, Oceania,
and Antarctica a Region? .............. 780
■
■
Country Profiles ............................. 788
GLOBAL CONNECTION:
Eucalyptus ...................................... 790
Chapter 32
The Physical Geography of Australia,
Oceania, and Antarctica .............................. 792
1 The Land ......................................... 793
2 Climate and Vegetation ................. 799
Chapter 33
The Cultural Geography of Australia,
Oceania, and Antarctica .............................. 810
1 Population Patterns ....................... 811
2 History and Government ............. 816
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY:
Journey to the Bottom of the
World ................................................... 822
3 Cultures and Lifestyles ................. 824
Chapter 34
Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica
Today ........................................................... 832
1 Living in Australia, Oceania, and
Antarctica ........................................ 833
2 People and Their Environment ... 838
VIEWPOINT:
Antarctica’s Melting Ice: Is Global
Warming at Fault? ............................. 842
Appendix ...................................................... 848
TAKS Preparation Handbook ............ TAKS 1
Glossary ............................................... 849
Gazetteer ............................................. 858
Spanish Glossary ................................ 868
Index .................................................... 879
Acknowledgments ............................. 893
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