Chapter 22-4 Latin American Policies Two-Column
Notes
Columbia
Revolution in Panama
Panama Canal
Building the Panama
Canal
- The French acquired a 25 year lease from the
Columbian Gov’t to construct a canal.
- The French project ended in financial disaster
- The US bought the lease from the French for $40
million/250,000 yr
- 1903 SOS Hays negotiated a treaty for the canal
for 99 years
- The Columbian Senate rejected the treaty
- Panama had staged revolts against Columbia
before
- 11/2/1903 – Nashville arrives in Colón in support
of latest revolt
- Panamanians declare independence
- USA recognizes Panama (Nov. 6th)
- Panama grants same treaty to USA
- 2 weeks after Panama’s independence they signed
a treaty with the US for the same amount offered
before
- It gave the US a 10 mile strip of land
- TR’s action angered many Latin Americans,
Congressmen, and Americans
- disease was a huge problem
- William Gorgas eliminates many disease
problems
- mosquitoes – swamps drained, insecticide
sprayed, oil on stagnant water, cut grassy marshes
- 1906 – yellow fever eliminated and malaria under
control
- 40K workers cut path through jungle and
mountains
- dug-out huge pits
- built enormous dams
- created large lakes
- constructed giant locks
Opening the Canal
- August 15, 1914
- trip from NYC to San Francisco was 7,000 miles
shorter now
- guaranteed strong American presence in Latin
America
- many Latin Americans were bitter toward USA
for years to come
Roosevelt’s Gunboat
Diplomacy
Roosevelt Corollary
Taft’s Dollar
- Roosevelt Corollary issued to strengthen the
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
- USA claimed the right to intervene in domestic
problems
- 1905 – USA took-over Dominican Republic’s
finances for 30 years
- 1906 – US troops to Cuba to halt a revolution
-
Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy
enforce America’s will through military might
William Taft’s foreign policy
replace bullets with dollars
interference only if American businesses were
threatened
-
Mexico was a poor country in 1900
1911 – Francisco Madero overthrew Porfirio Díaz
business had thrived
people had suffered
1913 – Victoriano Huerta overthrew Madero
Huerta favored the wealthy
Wilson refused to recognize Huerta’s gov’t.
Wilson sold arms to Venustiano Carranza
1914 – Huerta arrests some Americans
American troops seize port of Veracruz
Carranza gains strength
Huerta flees Mexico
Diplomacy
Mexican Revolutions
Wilson’s Moral
Diplomacy
-
Francisco “Pancho”
Villa
-
Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy
firm belief in the power of democracy
teach Latin America how to elect good men
January 1916 – Francisco “Pancho” Villa led
revolt against Carranza
Villa shot 16 Americans because USA supported
Carranza
Villa invaded New Mexico
burned down the town of Columbus
killed 19 Americans
Wilson ordered John G. Pershing to track Villa
down
pursuit lasted over one year
1917 – search ends when American troops are
sent to fight in war in Europe