Warm-Up
• Who was the king of Macedonia when it
conquered Greece?
• Alexander’s empire expanded from
__________ in the west to ___________
in the east.
• Name the two landmarks that were built in
Alexandria, Egypt.
• What is the name of the culture that
emerged from Alexander’s empire?
AlexAnder’s
Empire
Cities all over the
Empire were named
Alexandria in
Contributions
of Greek
Culture to
Western
Civilization
Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.
history
• Herodotus – Greek historian who
is known as the “father of history”
–He wrote Histories which was about
the conflict between Persia and
Greece
• Thucydides – A Greek historian
who wrote History of the
Peloponnesian War.
–He wrote about the conflict between
Athens and Sparta
sculpture
• Phidias – He is
known as the
Greatest Greek
Sculptor
– He designed the
Parthenon (the
temple of the
Goddess Athena)
– Sculpted the huge
Statue of Zeus at
Olympus
architecture
Doric
Column
• Very plain
and
simple
• Has no
base
Ionic
Column
• Capital has
scrolls
• Has a base
• More
decorative
Corinthian
Column
• The most
decorative
capital
• Roofs are
flat
Hippocrates
460-377 B.C.
• Founded a school of medicine
• Rejected that sickness comes
from the gods
• Careful observations of
symptoms
• Acute
• Chronic
• “Holistic” healing
• Hygiene
• Diet
• Curative powers of nature
• The Hippocratic Oath
Archimedes
287 - 212 B.C.
•
•
•
•
•
Greek mathematician – Geometry
War machines and other devices
Theory of buoyancy - “Eureka!”
Law of the lever
Archimedean screw
Archimedean Screw
Modern application of the Archimedean Screw
mathematics
• Euclid – the father of geometry
Pythagoras
582-500 B.C.
• The universe could only be
understood thru numbers.
• Sun, moon, and earth revolved
around a central fire.
• Each planet produces a tone!
• Famous for the Pythagorean
Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2
Pythagoras
582-500 B.C.
c2
a2
b2
• Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2
philosophy
The Three Most Famous
Philosophers
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Socrates
469 - 399 B.C.
•
•
•
•
Critic of the Sophists
Encouraged students to think
Left no writings – skeptical
Dialectic method
• Conversational
• Based upon reason and logic
• Popular among the youth
• a “gadfly” in Athens
• Placed on trial for impiety and
corrupting the youth
• Was executed in 399 – drank poison
hemlock
Socrates
469 - 399 B.C.
“The unexamined
life is not worth
living.”
- Socrates -
Socrates
469 - 399 B.C.
• Socrates’ dialectic method was a
departure from earlier
philosophers.
• Earlier philosophers were
interested in the nature of the
universe and basic elements.
• Socrates’ approach was more
rigorous and was the forerunner of
logic.
• Most famous student: Plato
Socrates
469 - 399 B.C.
“The unexAmined life is noT
worTh living.”
Plato
427 - 347 B.C.
• Preserved and perpetuated
the work of Socrates
• Most important source of
info on Socrates
• Founded the Academy
• Wrote dialogues
– Universal Forms was a recurring
theme
– The Republic – most important
dialogue
“Those Things which Are
beAuTiful Are Also difficulT.”
Aristotle
384 - 322 B.C.
• Most famous student of
Plato
• Most famous teacher of
Alexander the Great
• Developed Logic as a field
of study
• Devised a complex system of
classification
– Used in biology
• Views on Government
Aristotle
384 - 322 B.C.
• Views on Government
• 3 Good Governments:
– Monarchy
– Aristocracy
– Democracy
• 3 Bad Governments:
– Tyranny
– Oligarchy
– Mob Rule
Aristotle
384 - 322 B.C.
• “All things in moderation”
• “Man is by nature a
political animal.”