Chicago Style Guide (Author/Date)
Reference citation in the text should be as follows.
Single author
Blinksworth (1987, 125)
(P. Brown 1991) — if the ref list includes two or more works by different authors with
same last name and date
Two or three authors
(Finburn and Cosby 1990)
Smith, Wessen, and Gunless (1988)
More than three authors
(Zipursky et al. 1959)
If two refs would give the same citation then use first two names, the group of names in
full or short title to differentiate.
Volume and page number
(Wazinski 1989, 3:114)
Multiple references
(Light 1972; Keller 1896a, 1896b, 1907; Smith 1941, 45–49; 1944, 105)
Books
Single author
Barbour, Ian. 1974. Myths, models, and paradigms: A comparative study in science and
religion. New York: Harper and Row.
Two or more authors
Brett, P. D., S. W. Johnson, and C. R. T. Bach. 1989. Mastering string quartets. San Francisco:
Amati Press.
No author
The burden of anonymity. 1948. Nowhere: Nonesuch Press.
Edited book
Wang, Jen Yu, and Gerald L. Berger, eds. and comps. 1962. Bibliography of agricultural
meteorology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Translated (compiled or edited) book
Naumov, N. P. 1972. The ecology of animals. Translated from the Russian by Frederick K.
Plous Jr. and edited by Norman D. Levine. Champaign: Univ. of Illinois Press.
Forewords and Introductions
Namsorg, Nodj. 1990. Foreword to The psychodynamics of chronic stress, by Salvador
Mensana. New York: Isadore O’Malley and Son.
Organizations as authors
International Monetary Fund (IMF). 1977. Surveys of African economies. Vol. 7, Algeria, Mali,
Morocco, and Tunisia. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.
Several entries by the same author
(Use three-em dash for repeated author or group of authors)
Fontanelle, Eric C. 1944. Preparing for the postwar period. Columbus, Ohio: W. C. Cartwright
and Daughters.
———. 1952. What really happened when the war ended. Cleveland: Chagrin Valley Press.
Fredermeyer, Isabelle T., and Terence Maus. 1959. The Anti-Nazi underground in Berlin.
Lincoln, Neb.: Wattskeld.
———, eds. 1976. Speculations on the changing nature of the cold war. Lincoln, Neb.:
Wattskeld and Daughter.
Languages other than English
Wereszyncki, Henryk. 1977. Koniec sojuszu trzech cesarzy (The end of the Three Emperors’
League; summary in German). Warsaw: PWN.
Chapter in edited book
Kaiser, Ernest. 1964. The literature of Harlem. In Harlem: A community in transition, edited by
J. H. Clarke. New York: Citadel Press.
Thompson, Virgil. 1971. Cage and the college of noises. Chap. 8 in American music since
1910. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Chapter originally published elsewhere
Fromson, Orlando. 1990. Progressives in the late twentieth century. In To left and right: Cycles
in American politics, edited by Wilmer F. Turner (Boston: Lighthouse Press). First
published in North American Political Review 18 (fall 1988): 627–42.
Editions
Smart, Ninian. 1976. The religious experience of mankind. 2d ed. New York: Scribner’s Sons.
Multivolume works
Wright, Sewall. 1968–78. Evolution and the genetics of populations. 4 vols. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Farmwinkle, William. 1983. Humor of the American Midwest. Vol. 2 of Survey of American
humor. Boston: Plenum Press.
Or
Farmwinkle, William. 1983. Survey of American humor. Vol. 2, Humor of the American
Midwest. Boston: Plenum Press.
Series
Wolf, Theta Holmes. 1938. The effects of praise and competition on the persisting behavior of
kindergarten children. Child Welfare Monograph Series, no. 15. Minneapolis: University
of Minnesota Press.
Periodicals
Journals
Bennett, J. W. 1946. The interpretation of Pueblo culture: A question of values. Southwestern
Journal of Anthropology 2:361–74.
Brain, C. K., and V. Brain. 1977. Microfaunal remains from Mirabib: Some evidence of
palaeoecological changes in the Namib. Madoqua 10 (4): 285–93.
Orshanksky, Mollie. 1965. Counting the poor: Another look at the poverty profile. Social
Security Bulletin 28 (January): 3–29.
No volume number
Grabowski, M. M. 1990. After post-modernism. Journal of the American Aesthetic
Association, no. 3:39–47.
Foreign language journals
Kosman, M. 1979. Evolution of paganism in the Baltic states (in Russian; English summary).
Voprosy Istorii, no. 5:30–44.
Magazines
Caspari, E. W., and R. E. Marshak. 1965. The rise and fall of Lysenko. Science, 16 July, 275–
78.
Newspapers
Not usually necessary to include in the reference list. Can be introduced in the text, for
example as:
An editorial in the Philadelphia Inquirer, 30 July 1990, took the position that …
If wanted in ref list could be given as:
Philadelphia Inquirer. 1990. Editorial, 30 July.
Finnonian, Albert. 1990. The Iron Curtain rises. Wilberton Journal, 7 February, final edition.
Reviews
Spitzer, Steven. 1985. Review of The limits of law enforcement, by Hans Zeisel. American
Journal of Sociology 91 (November): 726–29.
Unpublished material
Theses, dissertations
King, Andrew J. 1976. Law and land use in Chicago: A pre-history of modern zoning. Ph.D.
diss., University of Wisconsin.
Downright, Alice B. 1993. Narrative diffusion and the professional editor. Ph.D. diss.,
University of Chicago, 1992. Abstract in Dissertation Abstracts International 52:3245A–
3246A.
Papers presented at meetings
Speth, J. D., and D. D. Davis. 1975. Seasonal variability in early hominid predation. Paper
presented at symposium, Archeology in Anthropology: Broadening Subject Matter.
Seventy-fourth annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association.
Working papers
Frishberg, Nancy, and Bonnie Gough. 1974. Time on our hands. Working paper, Salk Institute
for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Calif.
Special References
Specific citations to the following material should be generally made in the text and not
included in the reference list: Reference books (Encyclopaedia, Dictionary), scriptures,
plays, poems, Greek and Roman classics, medieval references, English classics, unless
page citations for particular editions are given.
Public documents
Congress
U.S. Senate Journal. 1819. 16th Cong., 1st sess., 7 December.
Continental Congress. 1774–89. Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. Edited by
Worthington C. Ford et al. 34 vols. Washington, D.C., 1904–37.
Kennedy, Edward. 1982. Senator Kennedy of Massachusetts speaking for the Joint Resolution
on Nuclear Weapons Freeze and Reductions to the Committee on Foreign Relations. S.J.
Res. 163. 97th Cong., 1st sess. Cong. Rec., 10 March, vol. 128. pt. 3.
U.S. Senate. 1956. Committee on Foreign Relations. The Mutual Security Act of 1956. 84th
Cong., 2d sess. S. Rept. 2273.
U.S. Senate. 1985. Committee on Foreign Relations. Famine in Africa: Hearing before the
Committee on Foreign Relations. 99th Cong., 1st sess. 17 January.
U.S. Department of State. 1963. Nuclear Weapons Test Ban 5. August. TIAS no. 5433. United
States treaties and other international agreements, vol. 14, pt. 2.
UK
United Kingdom. 1879. Hansard Parliamentary Debates, 3d ser., vol. 249, cols. 611–27.
U.K. Parliament. 1960. Committee on the Working of the Monetary System [Radcliffe
Committee]. Principal memoranda of evidence. Vol. 1. London.
Electronic material
Programs or software
FORTRAN H-extended Version [or Ver.] 2.3. IBM, White Plains, N.Y.
Documents
Kulikowski, Stan. 1989. “Readability Formula.” In NL-KR (Digest vol. 5, no. 10) [electronic
bulletin board]. Rochester, N.Y., 1988 [cited 31 January 1989]. Available from [email protected]; INTERNET.