!#"!$"%&'('
)+*
,.-0/2113$45/7698:3<;>=8:39?
@BA C+DA E ;F7G<H IKJMLNGPORQSJUT *
VXWXY
GQZTZG[O\I^]I9T`_[OaJ V EKbcdcfe
gh =3Kij8kilijm2n+op8 h+h 3Xq8:1sr/l6 h t8 /7? uvm2?fuv8:?v?fo 391 h -u h =3
693Kwm28k6N3Xo(391 h i2uv-6 h =x3$q>3Ky069393$-u
4/zi h 396<-u CN{ 8k391 { 3
J|I
Y
C h l
;=3}+/ { l
m ? hN~ - u 6d/7q>mK/ h 3 m q83Ki
s39r/26 h o 9
3 1 h -u
- o rvm h 396 C+{ 8:9
3 1 { 3
G _ DPD GP9TXTFXJQ
TF2GPQaJQ0_Q D V I W\V OZsJI9BT V TkFKGOjGv9JOjGPQ\T`_[I7+_[Oj
9999999999999999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999999999
9999999999999999999999999999999999999999
;=3H 18l396Kia8 h9~ -u @ 6+8 h 8iS=!-?fmlo n+8/
] D T V+) G[O bcfcd
, V _[I9IKG 4_OaJUG>;FXJUGP EKbcfcf
;F7G<H IKJMLdG OjQaJT *BVXW @ OaJT`JQ\F V M ) JU_
P5$>$ a $ [
<[
P
B' s"
" 2$$
s
)+* , V _I9IKG 4_[OaJUG>;FKJUG
] ORJMf_sJ9JQ TF2G<_O\T VKWW`V U+JUI+X_KG[O A ; OZ_+JT`J V IX_PU * E V OaJM _[sJN V NG Q FK_[LNG ) GPG[IORG D V OS+G
_Q
_QRGvKG[I D G V9W +JU_[vOR_[Q> QSJI9^_QZT`_[I7d_POR+JQjGP!QaG T VKW Q * )KV Qp_[I7sT`GPO\^JI V V * A ;F7G
GPsG[OZNG[I D G V9W L+JUOZTk9_P+OSG _PUJT * _I2
vOa_9FXJ D Q E F V
G LNG[O E FK_Q ^_P9G<JTl V QjQaJ ) GpT V KQRG<TkFKG
D V 9NT`GPO0_ Q0_ T V9V vT V OjG D V OR'_I2$TZG[_ D F V OaJf_[^Jf V 9GPQ
9QaJUI BvOR_[9FKJ D Q0_I2'_IXJ^_[T`J V I A
JT`T`UG9OjG[LNJ V Q V O
FX_Q ) GPG[I
V IKG
JUITFKG
W JGPU
TV
9O V d D G
_
+_T`_
Q\TO\ D TkNOjG
_IK
JU KG[sG[I9T`_PT`J V ITFX_T_ DD NOa_TZG * D _P9Tk+ORG'TFKGNG V ^G[T`O * _[I7 ) G[FX_[LNJ V 9O VKW _ WZV U9GPsKJG D G
VKW X_KG O A 4_PI * +J W\W J D 9Tl_IK JUI9T`G[OSGQ\T`JI9$ V +GP|UJI9_[I7 _IXJ^_[T`J V I^9O V+) G[^Q_POaJQaG
FKGPI
TkO * JI9BT V +G[L G V _>LNJQR _P| * _I2 G V sG[TOaJ D _PU * QS_T`JQ tW * J I V OaJf_[^J+QaJ9U_[T`J V I^Q * Q\TZG[ A
\I^TkFKJQ0TFKGQaJQ E _pORG LNJG
V9W TkOa_ +J|T`J V IK_P V OaJM _[sJN_[I7 V OaJf_PJ9NGQaJvI^JQ0KOaGQaG[IKT`G E JI D +JI
V OaJf_[^JXNG V ^GPTkO * _[I7 D V 9NT`_[T`J V IK_P2_PM V OaJUTkF9 Q Ag
LNJO\Tk _P V ORJMf_sJ&Q * Q\T`GP E JI D M +JUI
TkF7G<KQaG[O JIKT`G[O W _ D G E FK_Q ) GPG[INGQaJvI7GPs_[I7sJQ(9GQ D ORJ ) GPsFKG[OjG Ag
VKW TkF7GQ * Q\T G[
F9_Q ) GPG[I
D V KG[T`G A
4 V 9GPU|JI9 E _[IKJ|_PT`J V I
JUJ
X_O\T`JU_P2JKG[^GPI9T`_[T`J V I
_IK
ORG[I2NG ORJI
JQaQ\KGQ _[ORG
OjG D V vIKJQaG_[I7sQ V +T`J V I7Q>_OjG V NT`|JI7GP A }KJIK_P| * E W 9TkNORG<J|9O V LNG[ G[I9TZQ>T V TkFKGQ * Q\TZG[
_OaG
Q\+vdGQ\TZGP A
;F7G
K_[OZT`J|_PJsKUG[G[I9T`_[T`J V I
JQ
OjGP_PQ V IK_ ) *
J9G[I9T`J W JUG_I2TFKG JUOQ V MNT`J V I7Q<9O V V QjGP A
Q * QZTZG[
QR DD GQjQ W 9_ V O
;(FKJUQ^GP_[I7QT`F9_T<_ V
+J W\W J D T`JGQ
FK_[LNG
) GPG[I
G[O W 90LNJOZTk9_P V OaJf_sJ
s_ *#) G> V QjQaJ ) UG EfD V IKT`JI JI V O $JITkFKGp+JOjG D T`J V I^+G[ V IKQaTkOa_T`G )9* TkFKJQ
TkFKGQaJQ A
J|JUJ
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#"$"
% &')(+*,.-/*1023(405!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"76
8/"9:*, % ;')(1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<"$=
8/"9:*,?>."A@CB&D(E/!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A=
FGH(H,I?1(?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!J=G6
K4L0G*MN')(1O1@P(HQR(40.S!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!=G6T"!"
-NUVIWX9(4ZYS[05AH*\O]B^A")*10_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y
-NUVIWX9(4N`bacDL@GH*?B0GO_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Jd
e f ghji9k1l\m!n!mo p\k#q1rbm!kEs\i9k#tutm!p s+vxwn$y o;l\z:f{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{f}|
~ .
T<
< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < J
~ ~/N
7$+<;E#HN< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < J
~ /H9<.$E;:+$4+;E:< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <J
~ j¡ ¢
7D3N£94
TE¤;9
7< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < ¥
-NUVIWX9(4N¦+>.T1QR(\MP*1Lx*,§¨*\O(0R©c)"ª@51Q«"H!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!7`Y
¬\f gNbi9ms\k#tum1rbw1zTm!s\p+®Zk#z4m{¯1z fffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{Ae:g
NNJ41 1}1°b
73 #/< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < {~E
~P^±G²\
T7 ª < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <{~E
JML
/ª; H 5 c$D$ ª < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < {~1
/N
7¢1;<T};$E /< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < {~1
uE¤4?+$ bH< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < {~
^1+£1¤; 4 {A1} G<$ ¢¡:< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < {~
P¡J #+#°b
49 #cG :+£¤ {
4 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < {~
¬\f ej+i9m!s k1tm Pw1ot wni ?ff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ª¬g
~ c
41b
4 $Sªj²?£
7 \E1<1< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
~ ~ c¤ 7A c9 # .±H:¡< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < ~
~ 4 ¢;
4 7]: 7 \c$<# < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
~ ]9}
{ 5:²?4 #ªN< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <E
~ Z²\7 cJ£¢c¢
7$.< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
¬\f ¬ .ot \n!k1n$m{o p kq Pw1ot wni o \+ims\kEtm4fff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff7¬
: N^¢;
E+£1{
4±H A.; T \+$ #T+1< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < {
: ~ ^1+£1¤; 7 A1} G<$ ¢ $?+$ }b°b
7I #/< < < < < < < < < < < < < < {
¬\f .ot \n!wEi m{t q{k1n!mopbo ^k \w#i o q{l m!p sGfffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff Ee
N²J
E¤& < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <{E~
~ ^
}{4
7 /9
T7< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <{1
¬\f | \i9i9w1p\n .w1zTw1k#i9¯1yNffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{A|:g
-NUVIWX9(4 PFG7*@GT1Q x(E7"<@G0j!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)d1¦
f gN w#i mw _ff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffffD|¬
f e \p ¯n$mo;p\kEq .w \mi9wt wp n$zf{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffffD|
~ 3; !
T 5I
T:< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
~ ~PH9< ¤ T !<1&:< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <E
!#"
%
&
(
)
$
'
!#"
+*
,"
$&-
.
/
0)
1
2
"
5
43
76
)
98
)
/="
:8
<;
3
@?
>4"
BA
)
L
~ Z°b
49$
¤7 A1;4< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < E
~ /1A 1} ¤4 {A1&< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < E
~ 3+£;9 ;T
G; ¢
G H9< 4+;E{T;C² 9T
4E¤;$
D< < < < < < < < < < < < < <
f ¬ Pik ?y\m¯#k1q bzTw#i Tp\n!wEi !kE¯#wfff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ :g
: .
T<
;\ ¢:
3; !
4¥47
N°+
7I #/< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
: ~ c
;
4J \H#¤ I< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < ~
: ^
; !$} ǻ;Hu< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < E
: /NE7:< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <E
E u
T1¤+ 4 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
E 4 ¤;41< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 4~
E 3&9 !¤;4 1c
7±E ;^±^< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < H
E ^9
T7I
^²?7 !
7$c°+9£1< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < H
E ZNEª£]< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 4
-NUVIWX9(4Gd «& ?HB19B H(#P!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! #d
| f g .w &i9w1zTw1p\n!k1n$mo;po \nJy wP+iIm{s\kEtmv o l;w1qff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff |
.
T<
< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < H
~j¡J #+ ^{
b
T; !< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < H
/ª:4$GV$
7
!¤;7 A¤;9
^< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < H
^1+b1c£;91£
49
7< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
4T
HE< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
GE#
HE< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
E /
79 <4
7< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
g4f e !w#¯1n$zVo 5l\l\mp;s Gi9wkEzTw1zf{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff E|
?
)
$
@?
1
?
1
96
3
1
1
$
1
1
1
1
1
$$
4$
0%
LNJ
E ~ H1ª:ª1 G±HI <1 5
9 {A7
44< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < E
E ~ ~ <c¤1{ T
7E¤;$A 9
T4 {ª1 +
I /
T9 4
7< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < E
g4f ¬ !w#¯1n$zVo o;ql m!p;s¡fff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff E : N°b
4 !
4!b <1P ¢
KE<1 T4
7< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
E : ~ u#1<1 7
D< <+£1
# < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < J
E : u#1<1 7
D< 1+£1
7± \E{< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < J
-NUVIWX9(4 (#B:'I¥/0GO u6H#')B&")*10u!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Y 4¦
f g o zGbi9ms\kEtKm p\n!w1i JkE¯#w # \ff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{fff¥g ¬
3+£1{
; !4 1 /T¢A
}
4/< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <J E
~ \ª A 7 !<:&\ ¢
$+£
Tb
; 4 {A1+< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < J E
Z²9E$T++<1 \T1H¤}1
V;/V# 1A :< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < J
f e/rXm $m¯ qnJmwEz 5p ¯1o \p\nw#i9w1lff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{fff¥g
~ Eª1 4 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <J
~ ~ ^
T;1
4Jª1C 74
7< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <J#
~ 3; !
4$£
T;
4 !$7 ª \T4
7< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < J#~
~ !$
4 !T¢ªP; 4T
H< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <J#4
f ¬ \n ;iIw oi f{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{fff gg
:
! !
4 .££:9TT¢+ ! E<1/²?T£;
4 ¢ #
7< < < < < < < < < < < < < J#
: ~ Z<+7 : P9ª1 ^1&I 9T<
4 c
T:b
7 !$ < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < J#
: Z<+7 : P9ª1 ¤;
7 ¤;9$T4
7< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <J#
-NUVIWX9(4 c-5*105 ' B4"*10!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! YT``
(H,T(HH(4051(:]!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! YT`¦
$$
4$&/
0%
B
''
''
$
@?
'
@?
'
$ $
"
'
'
&
?
<'
/="
"
2
&
"
)
&
A
A
LNJUJ
<
GWWb(40GO\"!=+?6jFGH*4@G7EQ Qx"!0@j!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! YT`
cfg Hk kffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{fff¥g}e
cf e #k :k \z7nik#¯1n m!p\l o mp;shPo;oq m!n _h f{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{fff¥gI¬ cf ¬ #k :k o \p\l;k1n$m{o p GqkEz7zTw1z jm!p s Hffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{fff¥gI¬ cf j &w1p Cff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{fff g)¬g
cf |Pvxk1s;m¯1mkp \w1p p\n!w1i JkE¯#wf{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{ffff{fff g)¬g
[40GO(4=!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! YT¦¦
8
08
08 /
)
%
;
4"
1*;
4
B
$
LNJUJ|J
4
;(_ ) G bA \ V OaT_PI D G VKW T`FKG ) _QSJ D W`V 9Q0_IKQ * )KV Q A:A|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A.c
;(_ ) G A \ V OaT_PI D G VKW T`FKG ) _QSJ D XO V D GPdNOjGQ AUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUe
J
4
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
A g
}KJM.9ORG bA g
AaAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|A
LN_P|UG *BW`V AZA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|A
V +I9T`_PJI W`V
A } V '_[IKNI W`V A`AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|A
A
KQZFFKG ORG AA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|A
}KJM.9ORG vA GPKG _T A`A|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|Ac
}KJM.9ORG edA ddG D V I W JvNOa_[T`J V IKQ A`A|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|Ac
A Y _[T D FTFXJQQ\ V T A:A|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b
}KJM.9ORG d
}KJM.9ORG dA V T`_TZG A|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b
}KJM.9ORG cdA _Pf+JQ\T`_[I D GQ AaA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:bfb
}KJM.9ORG b dA _Pd_I UGQ AZAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:bfb
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG bfbA } V V LNG[O0_PIK V L G[O A:A|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:bfb
}KJM.9ORG b
A ;+OZITF2G>K_[KGPO V LdG[O A`A|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b
}KJM.9ORG b
}KJM.9ORG b
A
A
9UvK_[7G[O V NT W O V
NT `_
_ * LNJG
FKG[OjG ARA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b
AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b
kOR_ * UJIKG AkAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b bedA
G fTXLNJG U_[O\ GPO APAUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b bd
A V $FKG[OjG _[IK | AA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b bdA Y _TZG[O )KV )) _QaG APA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b bcdA
OjGPUJsJIK_[O *$W`V AZA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b
A
}KJM.9ORG b v
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
dA
_ )9) JT `G _O A:A|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:be
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
dA > V QaGPQaJUI
}KJM.9ORG
cdA g
QSJKUG D OaGP_QjG>X_TkT G OZI A|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A dA g
V NI9T`_PJI D ORG _QjG
A OaJ
AA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A _ 0_[IK'_
Lf_PUG * D ORGP_QG ) PA AUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A bA ;FKG W`V NOlT`Oa_ +JT`J V IK_P V OaJf_[^J ) _QaGQ E T V G[T`FKG O
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
AAUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b
A ] NTZQaJ+G>OjG[LNG[OjQjG A:AUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b
ABC v9_Q\F AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:b
vA
G[T`_P W`V '_ V JI9T AaA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:bc
edA
G[T`_P W`V '_IGdfG A\AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:bc
dA ]KG[I^QSJI A:A|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
bA \IKQaJ+G OaG[L G[OjQaG AkAUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A:be
_POjG _ fJT`G ) _QjG E )
A
_
;FKG
W JQ\F ) _QG E D
) JOj ) _QaG _I2
JT`FTFKG JUO D OjGP_PQjG K_[TkTZG[OZI7Q E
) |JUI9T W`V U A | ) ORG _QjG>K_[TT`GPO\I WZV O0TFKG ) |JI9TG ) JOj ) _QRG AZA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A e
A ;FKG
T`OaJ_PI9fUG$JI
_ pJUQ
W`V NI2sJI Q\ DPD GQjQSJLNGP * Q\^_P|UGPO QaJvGQ JITkF7G D OjGP_PQjG
K_[TTZG[O\I7Q VKW TkFKG W`V O W NIK+_G[I9T`_P ) _QaGQ
+T V JITkF7G dJTZG ) _QjG U )
JUITkF7G W JQ\F ) _ QjG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
A
) _QaG
G W O V ) _QjG A|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A D KG JvF9TJI!TkF7G ) JOj ) _QaG
W`V 9O
X_IKQaJ fT`GG[IJI!TkF7G W O V
AA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A ;FKG T`O\ G ) 9JU+JI9 ) V D NQ V9W T`G D F9IXJ D _P V OaJf_PJ E U ) _PIK
D E D _[I
) G
WZV NI7'JITFKG#ORG[7G _T`GTOaJ|_I G
_ VKW TF2G>TOa_+JT`J V IK_P ) _QjGPQ A`AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A
vA ;FKG<T`OZ_+JT`J V IK_P W |_9XJI9 ) JUOa
_ |JUGQ W U_[T
K_[TTZG[O\I
|) E W`V OT`FKG
W JvNOaG
D E
FXJ D F
FKG[I D V KG[T G A ;F7G D OjGP_QaG
V GPQ!I V TsUJUG
W U_[T E JQ5I V T W U_[T
WZV U+_ ) G AUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A
NJ
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
edA _ C T`J D
K_[TTZG[O\I W`V OlT`FKG ) _QaG E
dA ;FKG D ) G
D _92GP D ) G
cdA
; VW U_[T V OaJf_[^JQ
) _QaGs_PIK
|) TkFKGs9ORGP|J^J|I9_PO
*
D ORGP_QaG
JTkFT`J|GP D JO D GQ AA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A
_ 0_[I7'JTZQlXU_[IK_[OlfOa_[9FOjG[9OaGQjG[IXT_[T`J
dAPg
}KJM.9ORG
W JMv OaG W`V O_QaJ `UG vdGP
_ 0_PIK'JTZQ
V L G[Oa|_ V OjNG[OjQ | ) 0
_IK
JTF
D V I U ) [A AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A
D V OZOjGQZ V IK+JI XU_[IK_[OlvOa_9F | ) UA AUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A c
TF2G Q\_P^G D OaGP_QaGX_PT`T G[O\I
_ E ) 9T+J W\W G[OjG[I9T
AUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A
dAPg V * F7GP+O V I _0_I2JTZQ D V O\ORGQZ V I2+JI9 W`V +JI9BIKG[T |) AjA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A }KJM.9ORG bA aI^TkFKG W JIX_PKQ\TZG[ VXW TkFKG<TOa_P+JT`J V IX_P V OaJf_[^J D OZ_[IKG E TFKG JUI+NQ>_PORG D 9OZLNG
_PI7TFKG )7V * JUQQaTOaG[T D FKGQ V TFX_TXT`FKG V +GP ) G D V GQ Z +JsG[I7QaJ V IX_P A[AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A Nb
}KJM.9ORG A ;FKG>vOR_[9FKJ D _PvKQaG[O&J|I9T G[O W _ D G AUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUe9b
}KJM.9ORG A ;(FKG>s_PJIT V9V ) _[O A|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUe }KJM.9ORG A ;(FKG W`V U+JUI BT V9V ) _[OjQ AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUef
}KJM.9ORG vA ;(FKG |_I2fs_[O <T V9V Q AUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A e
}KJM.9ORG edA ;(FKG D _[G[OR_ D V I9TkO V Q AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A f
A ;(FKG _[IKJs_[T`J V I D V I9T`O V UQ AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A f e
}KJM.9ORG d
}KJM.9ORG dA ;FKG> G[I ) _[O AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|A f
}KJM.9ORG cdA ;FKGpQ\T`_[Tk Q ) _[O AA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AU
}KJM.9ORG
dA ;FKG JI2QZTkO\ D T`J V I T G NT )KV
}KJM.9ORG
A`AUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AU
bA
}KJM.9ORG N
;FKG D OaGP_QaG>K_PTkT G[O\I^+JQ\K|_ * AZA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AU
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
APg
T V9V T`J AA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AU
APg
XJUG D G VKW K_[KGPO
TFX_TXFK_Q ) GPG[I W`V +G$T
A ;(FKG
J D G AaAUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AU
W _ D G#TOaGG `W V l
O TkF7G \W V U 9GP$X_2G[O&JI5}KJvNOjG
AkAUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AU
vA ;FKGpQaG[T V9W GPdNG>TOjGPGQ W`V O W`V NG$X_KG[O0JUIs}KJM.9ORG
NJUJ
A`AUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AU
edA
}KJM.9ORG .
;FKGp+G[T`_PJUGP W _ D G>I V +GQ W`V OlTkFKJQG N_ KG VXW _p+JMLNJ+G W _ D G A|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUfc
}KJM.9ORG
dA ;
FKG+JORG D T`J V I VKW _IGPd G'JUQ JUIK9G[KG[I2NG[I9T V9W JUT`Q V OR9G[O
_ V I ^_PUlGPdNGQ
_PO V NI7'_>fJLNGPI W _ D G A
fA
}KJM.9ORG v
G[OZT`J D GQ>_OjG<_P
V TZG(Gd G G d
A:AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUc
_ * Q(Q\KG D J W JGPJI D V D
JQjG V OaNG[O>_PO V +IKTkFKG
FKJTZG$QaJU9G
VKW TkF7G W _ D G ARA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUc9b
cdA ; V
D V XG[T`GpGPdNG>TOjGPGQ W`V O&TkFKJQG N_[XG A ;FKG TkFKORGG V TkFKGPOGd G#T`ORGPGQ
}KJM.9ORG .
_POjGI V TlQ\F V
I A:AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUc
}KJM.9ORG edA ;(FKG V OjNG O VKW _PIGdfG Q0T V _P U _ D G[I9TXL G[O\T`J D GQ0_[IK'T V _ | _ D G[I9T W _ D GPQ A`A|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUc
}KJM.9ORG e9bA ;(FKG>LNG OZT`G $T`_ ) UG W`V OlTkFKJQ&G N_[KUG A`AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUc
}KJM.9ORG e
}KJM.9ORG e
}KJM.9ORG e
APg IXJ^_[T`J V I VKW _pQaJ KG W`V A[AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAb
b
G[I7G[Oa_PvORG L G[OjQaG W`V E V I7G )+* OaG W UG D T`JI9<T`F9O V + FTkFKG D V V IXU_[I7G AUA|AUA|AUAb 9
APg
APg
Qj 9_QZF W`V KQaJI9 V IK * _ORG L G[OjQaG W`V W`V U V
A
g
}KJM.9ORG e v
G )+* _>LN_P|G *W`V A`AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAb
W 9U+Q D OjGPG[I D _P9TkNORG V9W _ D V KG[T G V OaJf_PJv V NG AaAUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAb
}KJM.9ORG efedA ; F9ORGGLNJUG
_ E QZF V
I
Q VXW TFKGK_[KG[Op_PJUO\K|_IKG A
}KJM.9ORG efdA
_ JUQ
V OZs_PzQ\FX_NGsK_[KGPOp_PJO\KU_[IKG'JUI
JTkFL G[OZT`J D GQ0_[IKGPddGQ0JI U ) E _[IK
}KJM.9ORG e fA ;(FKG V OaJfJ|I9_PN9_PKG[O
D JUOaG W Oa_P^G V IK * JI
D A\AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAb f
e
W`V +G'T V G N_ D T` * b JI | ) E ) NT V IK * b fc JI
A\AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAb f
c
_KG[O
_ W`V U9GP
TV
b fcsD V X_OaG
G f_ D T` *
b
TV
JTF
QaJ 9U_[TZGP
TFXJ D .IKGQjQ0JI U ) A AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAbdb
}KJM.9ORG efcdA V I LdG
V * V I2Q
_ D _I
) G ORG[I2NG ORGKQaJI9]KG[IK
E ) NT D V I D _[L G
V * V I2Q | ) 0
_OjG>I V TXv _[Oa_IXT GPG$T V) G>OSG[IK9G[OaG D V OZOaG D T * AAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAbdbfb
}KJM.9ORG
dA
G[OZT`J D GQ VKW _ D V I9LNG V * V ITFX_T_[ORG D V KU_PI9_[O
K|_I2Gp_Q>JUI | ) A
W TFKG<OaGQ\9T`JI9 V * V I
D V I D _[LdG
QZFX_2G>^_ *p) G W`V O\^G
D >
JQ
LNJUG
_ D _[I dOaJ W T W O V
GP W O V
TkF7G
TFKG'QaJ+G E _
jA A|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAbdb
NJUJ|J
}KJM.9ORG
9bA
^J WZW G[OjG[I9T D _QjGPQJ|UM Q\TkOR_[T`JI9
W _ D GQ A ;F2G W _ D GQ
s_O NGP
}KJM.9ORG
A
_[KG[O
U) }KJM.9ORG
A
_ W`V U9GP'T V b
V QjQaJ ) GKG[I7G[TkOa_PTJ V I
VKW I V I D V I9T`J v V Q
JU| ) G _ WZW G D T`G )9* TkFKG V L+JI9 W _ D GQ AjAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAbdb
JTkF QSJ9U_PT`G'TkFKJ D vI2GQaQ E _I2_ D V QaG kN LNJUG
A|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAbdb
_KG[O `W V +G5JI!FK_P W T
JD G
_ D _[KQRGQps_[I * JUI9T`G[OjQjG D T`J V I7Q VKW Q\TkOaJUKQ | )
TFX_TXFK_[L G>T V') G>^GPO\fG A:AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAbdbe
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
}KJM.9ORG
APg
D V QaG>9 VXW TFKG D V O\I7G[O VXW TFKG W`V +GK_[7G[OQZF V
IJI}KJM.+OSG
_ A`AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAbdb
vA ; V `+JG[I7QSJ V IK_PvK|_IL+JG V9W 9_PKG[O W`V NGJIFX_P W TF9OjGPG>T`JU^GQ ARA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAbdb
fedA9g I JI9T G OZIK_P
_I UGQ<_O V NI2TkF7G D G[I9TkOa_P2L G[O\T G !JQ
^_[ONGP JTF _ QSJI9fG
UJ|I7G JI
_ Ag
+JFKGdOR_Pd_I G JQ
s_O fG
+JL
JTkF_p V ) UG
UJ|IKG>JI U ) PA AUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAUA|AUA|AUAbdbc
;FKJQ V D sG[I9TzQRNs_PORJUQGQ
* ORGQaGP_[O D F _I2JUQ+JMLNJ+G'JI9T V T`FKG W`V | V
7E
+JQ D KQjQaGQ
TF2G
V T`JLN_[T`J V I
W`V O
JI QaG D T`J V I2Q
TF2GPQaJQ E
TFXJQ
_IK
JUQ
_[I
JUI9T`O V d D T`J V IT V TkFKGpG[I9T`JOjG9O V U G D T A
!"$#%&'(KE fJML GQ
;(O\_+JT`J V IK_P
GPU vI V
_[I%JI9TO V d D T`J V I
TV
W`V +JI A
UGdfG>TFXO V +.FTkFKG ORGQ\T V9W TkF7G>TkF7GPQaJQ A
*)"2+-,./01&.234'-,$:E JUQp_'ORG[L+JG
V OaJf_[^J E JI D M +JI
J A G A 9_PKG[O
I V OaJf_[^JN+J|_[.Oa_[^J|I9BsG[TF V 9Q_[ORGp9GPQ D OaJ ) GP A ;F7G
JI W`V O\^_[T`J V I
JUITkFKJQ D FK_[9T G O&JQ0_ QjQRN GP fI V
TV
V OaJf_sJ
TkFKG+G[L G V 9 G[I9T VKWV OaJM _[sJ +GQSJ.I
V9W TkFKG'UJTZG[Oa_[TkNOjG$KGPO\T`_PJIKJI
_IX_P * QaJQ_Q
_[I7
GPU_Q
D V 9NT`GPO&QSJU |_T`J V I VKW X_KG O W`V U+JI9$_I2$OjGP|_T`G9O V9) G[ Q A
65K+'7,%"879:'lE 9GQ D OaJ ) GQTkFKG$NGQaJvI VXW _pKO V vOR_[
W`V OpQaJ |_T`JI 9_PKG[O
WZV U+JUI V I_ D V s9NT`G[O A ; FKJUQ<J|I D K+GQ
TF2G W I D T`J V IX_PlOjGPv9JOjG[^G[IKT`Q<_[I75 QaG OBJI9T`GPO W _ D G
9GQSJ.I VXW Q\ D F_pQ * Q\TZG[ A
8;7<"<-(!=>--9[E 9ORGQjG[I9TZQTkFKG
JU KG[sG[I9TBTkFKG V OaJf_sJQ * Q\T`G[ E _[I7G fKU_PJI2Q
WZV U9Q V DPD 9O V ITF2G> V 9GP A
fL
+_T`_
Q\TkO\ D TkNOjGPQ5TFX_T
FX_T
FK_[KKG[IKQ'T V
G[OjG9G LdG V KGT V
TkFKG+_T`_!Q\TkOZ D TkNOjGPQ_Q
7> 9: 94- - lE
9O V ) UG[Q
_[I7
JUQjQ\KGQ
G[I D V NI9T G ORG
+GQ D ORJ ) GQ<TF2G_ D Tt9_P&JXG[^G I9T`_T`J V I
d9ORJI
9G[LNG V K^G[IXT E
_[IK
W NTk9ORG
_ D FKJG[LNG E
OjGQaG _O D F
V QQaJ ) J|UJT`JGPQ A
79% 9:lE
} V U V
ORG W UG D TZQ V ITkF7G>OjGPQ\ |T Q V9W TFKG 9O V U G D T A
JI9TF2G'U_PQaT D FK_[9TZG[OpJQ ^ 7"!+( '
,$, 'KE
LN_POaJ V KQ+,_[L+_fOa_[9FKJ D Q0|J ) Oa_PORJUGQlTkFK_[T
,v_[LN_ JQ0_>OSG fJQ\T G[OjGP'TkOR_P9G[s_O
JUI7 V
Q c
G[ORG( QjGP'JITkFKG J|KUG[^G I9T`_T`J V I A
VKW C 9I4J D O V Q * Q\T G[Q \I DA
] KG[IK JQ
_(OaG[fJQ\TZG[OaG$TkOa_NG[s_[O
Y
V9W C J|UJ D V IOa_[9FKJ D Q E ZI DA
JUQ0_ ORG[fJQZT`GPOaGTOa_+G[^_[O
V9W 4J D O V Q VXW Tz V O\ A
dLNJ
FXJ D F
+GQ D OaJ ) GQ
T`FKG
V 9s|J NG<T V T`_ fG$TkFKJQ V 9 V OaTkNIKJT * T V TFX_I * Q\9KGPO`L+JQ V OjQp4_[ORJ|_ $U_
} V NOZIXJG[O W`V OTkF7GPJOsQ\N9 V O\T E F7G
QjG D V IKORG _NG[O E ; V
} V OjQaG * E , V QG[9F
Y
9U E
E TkFKG
_PKG[O W`V NG[OjQ g O V +I7
TkF7G
X_T`JUG[I D G A
_I2
V+) GPO\T _I E s_[LNG
G[ ) G[OjQ
V
V9W TkFKG
;FK_[I NQs_PQ V
A
V
V D _P
T V ,v_ D
_[IK g U_PJI
C I V G * JI
*
G E F9OaJQ\T V 9F7G[Op4 V OSG[I V E ^_[LNG
_[I D V NLNG[O
V OaJf_sJ D M )
GPO4_PJIK|_IK E TkF7G5OSG D A _POZTZQ A V OaJM._PsJIKG
2g
Q\.O V N
&4
_[I7
TkF7G
V OaJf_[^J `v^_PJ|UJI |JQ\T W`V OlTF2GPJOG[I9TF QSJU_Q\T`J D JIKT`G[OjGPQaT2_IK'FKG W 9NQ\+v GQZT`J V I2Q A
;F7G \I9TZG[OZI2G[T&FX_Q ) GG[I!JIK+JQZ2G[I7Qa_ ) UG'dNOaJI9ORGQaGP_[O D F_PIK^9G LNGP V 9G[I9T VXW TFXJQ>9O V U G D T A
, V QjG[9F Y
Q$] ORJMf_sJ
_[fG
JQ<TFKG+G W JIKJT`JML GORGQ V 9O D G `W V O V ORJMf_sJ E _IK
∗
TkOR_+JT`J V IX_PK_[I7 ^_[TkF7G[s_T`J D _P9K_[7G[O `W V U +J|I9 A ; V
9U Qp]OaJM _[sJ94 _[TkF
JI D M 9GQ )KV TkF
9_[fGQ
_OjG$TkFKG
∗
) GQ\TlQ V 9O D G W`V OlORG W G[OaG[I D GQ
T VV ) Q D +OSG V OaJf_[^Jvs_TkF7G[s_[T`J D Q0K_[7G[OjQ A } V O J D _[I7 D GP_[O
Q V NT`J V I2Q<T V
W`V OZ V TT`GPI
P_ O D K
F JMLdGQ VXW TkFKJQ
FXJUUG
G )
fG V G[TkO * _[I7
aQ J|T G 9
OV N
L J9GP
^_[TF2G[^_[T`J D Q `W V aO |_ G E
TF2G_[I7Q
OaJT`JI9 D V 9G A
_Q
G[OjQ'T V
4_I * VKW TFKGs+JU_[vOR_[Q W`V O V ORJMf_sJQ * )KV Q'_I2
W JMv OaGQJI
V9) G[O\T _I Q
sJU_[.Oa_[ Q W`V O
]OaJf_sJ
JT`_ Q V OaJf_[^J9_ NJ V ^Q
] ORJMf_sJv4 _[TkF9_[NGQ A
;FKJQORGQaGP_[O D F
C+D JUG[I D GQ
_[I7
_Q W 9IKNG
I JI2GPG[OaJUI9
JI
F V GT V
* K_[OjG[I9TZQ E0@ JU| _IK
T`O\_[L GPFX_P W
V 9UG[TZG @ V9V
V9W ]OaJf_[^J A
Oa_ d9_PT`G C+D F V U_[OjQ\FKJUKQ W O V
gC
A
C
C g
E
W`V O * 4_Q\T G[O Q9G .ORGG A
"!#!%$&'( )*!+!,) )-!.) /(10+$23"45!+!46)&78
dLNJUJ
_I2%TkFKG
FKG[I
g I2
Q\99 V OaT7_[IKG[I D V 9Oa_jNG[^G[IXT E I V T V IK * d+ORJI TkFKG>K_Q\T2T V'* G _OjQ E ) NT2_PUv * UJ W G A
∗
TkFKG
V JQaG ;FKJG E W\V O+IK9G[OSQ\T`_[I7+JI
_ * _ D O V QRQ TFKG D V NI9TkO *
;FKG
G[OjG ^_P9Gs_ W T`G[O
G[ORG<s_ 9G
_ W TZGPOTkF V QjG
9ORGQjG[I9T GJIs; V
V NI D JU
GQaGP_[O D F
_PUT`FKGs _T`F
;FKG
∗A
v GQ\T`J V 7
I Q'TFX_PT$_O V QaG
WZV U+JI9!XO V D GPd+OSGQ
_[IK
K_PO\T$TF9O V + F
V 9 ) J|_ g dLN_[I D GP C * Q\TZG[Q \I2QZT`JTk+TZG
}KJ|IK_PU * E TFX_I NQ'T V
V9V
g Q !O A 4_TkF
9U Q
_PTkNOa_P
@ OaJT`JQ\F
UG W T
W`V OTkFKGPJ|O
- UR/W G(¡ Y
L G[OQSJI D GTkF7G LNG[O *!W JOjQ\TBQ\FKGG[T VXW K_[KGPO
WZV U+JUI X_KG[O A
JUTZQaG W A
g
_Q D O\N KGP
JIKT V
_ ) _P| E 7G V XG FK_[LNG ) GPG[I
_KG[O W`V +JI E V O V ORJMf_sJ E JQpTkO\ * _[I_OaT>TF9_PT JQ<_PQ V U_Q
TF2G'^G+JMN
XU_PJIKJUG D G VXW X_KG O D _[I ) GpTkOa_I2Q W`V OZGP JIKT V _pfG V G[TkOaJ D _PU * _IK _GQ\TkFKGPT`J D _PU *
) GP_[9T`J W 9pQ D 99TkNOjG )+*
TkFKGTkF V NvF9T W 9K|_ D G[^G[I9T V9W _ W G
QaJKG W`V U9Q Ag I2
QSJI D G
V OaJf_[^J9JQ(Q V G[TFXJI9T V ) G$Q\FK_[OSGP E KG V KGpFX_[LNG ) GPG[I!9QaJUI L+_OaJ V KQ>^GPTkF V 9Q>T V ORG D V SO
TkF7G WZV U+JI9BXO V D GPQQ0JI9L V LNG'JI D OjGP_[T`JI9BTkF7G JOl V +GPQ A
;F7G9OjG W G[OZOjGPsG[TF V VKW UGP_[OZIXJUI ^_$IKG
TkF7GJI LdG[IXT V O A
V
G LdG[O E dKGT V
UJ|^JTZQ#T`FKG$I9+ ) G[O VKW 7G V XUG
V NG V 9
I V T$UJ NGP *
V OaJM _[sJ7 V 9GP2JQ
TF9O V +fF
9G[ V I7Q\TOa_[T`J V I
)+*
T`FKG^Q\s_PUlI N ) G[O VKW
V OZJMf_sJx+GQSJ.I2G[OjQ E TkFKJQ$QG[LNGPOaGP *
F V
JU|&G[LNG OBUG _O\I_X_POZT`J D 9U_[O< V 9GP A
Q\ O\LNJMLNGsK_Q\TBTkF7GNG _TkF
VKW JTZQJI9L9G[I9T V OJ W TFXJQ
\I_P9+JT`J V I E TkF7G
G[ORGTkFKG V IX *
G[TF V V9W 9_QjQSJI9$_#+GQSJ.I _P V I9 A
4_I * V OaJf_sJpNGQaJvIKGPOjQ D F V9V QjGT V
+JU_[fOa_[ Q A
;FKG[OjG!G NJQ\TZQ _!Q * Q\T`G[
OjG D V Oj
TF2GPJO V NG Q QaJI
VXW UJI7GQ_[IK
b
_PO\O V
_ QaG ORJUGQ VKW _[I9I V T`_TZGP
QT`F9_[TJQQ\T`_[I7d_POR+JQjGP
_I2
G U
_ DD G[9TZGP TkF9O V +.F V NT0TFKG V OaJf_[^J D V IXJT * A ;FKJQ>JQ>TFKG
V QZT D V V I
_PI7
V OaJf_[^J E QaJI D G
UG _O\I
)KVXV fQ
+JUsG[I7QaJ V IX_P +J|_[.Oa_[ Q E G[LNG[I
_POaG G IKG[Oa_PU *
G _QaJU *
T`G fTk9_PI V T`_T`J V I E^D _PI
JUTkF
_ DPD GPQjQSJ ) G A
IKGL G[O
_ * T V T`GP_ D F
V
D _9Tk9ORG
G[L G[O E T V
W`V U+JUI
T`FKG
9O V D GQjQ VKW _TkF9OSGPG \+J^GPIKQSJ V IK_P V+) U G D T7G N_ D T` * A
g I V TFKG O
_ *^VKW K_QaQaJ|I+ V OaJf_sJl V NG Q ) G[T
9GQ D OaJU9T`J V I2Q V IX * A
C V D JUGPT * E bcfcd A
; FKJUQ'^G[TkF V
Y
JQ'_PQ V
TFKG JUI9TkO V d D T`J V I
J|TF
U_PI v _[fG +GQ D ORJ9T`J V I
GG[IKG V 9GJQ<TF9O V +fFIK_[TkNOa_P&|_I v _[fG
vI V
I
9F V IKG W\V U+JI9
_Q
V9W T`G fT ) _QaGGP_PJ| V I
]OaJf_sJ
TkFKG ZI9T`GPO\IKG[T E _IK_[TkNOa_P
V9W'V OaJf_[^J>FK_Q ) G D V ^GG[LNG[I V OaG!+GQaJOa_ ) G A
@ OaJT`JQ\F
HBQaJI9
W`V OR _P
_
U_PI v _[fG V ) GG L G[I! V OSG'_PdLN_[I9T`_[dG V Q E QaJI D GJTZQ
KQaG V 95OSG _ +J| * UG[I2JTZQRG W T V
JU KG[sG[I9T`_PT`J V I
V I
_ D V 9+T G O A
V
G[L G[O E IK_[TkNOa_PU_[I9v _[fGNGQ D OaJ9T`J V I7Q VKW$V OaJ._PsJ
FK_[LNG ) GPG[I W`V 9IK$T V) G JXORG D JQjG _[IKL G[O )KV QRG
G[Tk9OZIXJI9
TV
}KJQ\F7G[O EKbcfcde A
T`FKGJ+GP_ VKW KQaJI _LNJQ\ _P ^G _I2QT V
T`GP_ D F
_[IK
ORG D V OR
V OaJf_sJ E Q V G
_PTkTZG[9TZQ FK_[LNG ) GPG[I_+GT V LNJU9G V T`_[7G'KG V KG W`V U+JI V 9G UQ A ;(FKJUQ<sG[TF V FK_Q
TkF7G
_dLN_[IKT`_NG VXW QZF V
JI9G N_ D T` *
FK_[TlFK_[97G[IKQ>T V _pORG _P9T`F9ORGPG \+J^G[I7QaJ V IX_PNXJG D G V9W K_[KG[O
FKG[IsJT2JQ WZV U9GP A H I W`V O\TkNIK_[TZGP * E TFKG T`_[KG XU_ * Q ) _ D _[Tl_BQaG[T&Q\7GPG_[IKTFKG#LNJG
I V T W`V U V
_P V I 5 J D f * G[I V +.FT V fGG[!+ TkF7G'X_ D G A
TkF7GPJO
KJG D G V9W X_2G[O&JI V OR9G[OlT V ORG
_IXJ^_[T`J V I
TV
G[O_ *
G V XG'FK_[LNGT V V9V sN
WOV
JI7 V OlK_[KQaG TkFKGT`_PKG A
;F7G V Q\TpOjG D G[I9T V O !FK_Q ) GPG[I V IKGsT V
V NG UUJI _[I7
+J|_[ Oa_[
T`_ fGs_dLN_[I9T`_[ G VKW T`FKG V
V ORJMf_sJJI7Q\T`O\ D T`J V IKQ A
G O VKW D V 99T`G[O
;F2G D V 99T G[O_P| V
_ DD NOa_T`G$9GPQ D OaJ9T`J V I V9W TFKG V OaJ._PsJ9 V 9G E _PIK D _PI9O V d D G_IXJ^_[T`J V I ) G[T
Q_[I
GPG I!QaT G[2Q A
V 9+T G O(_[IKJs_[T`J V I D _[I ) G<K|_ * Gs_[T_[I * QZ2GPG E _I2!G[JTkF7G[O W`V O
D V 9NT`GPO 9O V .Oa_[
V O D ORGP_PT`G _>IKG
;F7G#9O V+) G[
V _PQ V _P| V
V IKGpG[I9T`JOaGP *$W O V
_[Oj V O ) _ D
_Oa Ag
TkF7GKQRG[O
T V D FK_[I9NG'_IG NJQZT`JI W`V U+JI9!QjG G[I D G E
Q D OR_[T D F A
VXW +GQaJM.IXJI9Q\ D Fs_BQ * QST G[
JQ>_
L G[O * JIXT G ORGPQaT`JI _[IK D FX_PUUG[I J|I9 V IKG A
V
OjGPQ\9UTZQFX_[LNG * G[T ) GPG[IsKO V d D GTFX_T D V XUG[TZGP * V 9G 9_IK _IXJ^_PT`G W`V U9GPsK_[KG[O JI!_PI
_ DD G[9T`_ ) Gs_[I9IKGPO A
;FKG W NI2+_sG[I9T`_P9O V+) UGP
JUQT V
V +GP>_!QZKG D J W J D!D _QjQ VKW T V
+JUsG[I7QaJ V IX_P Q\+O W _ D GQG[ ) GP9NGJIsTkFKORGPG$+JG[I7QSJ V I7Q Ag
9F * QaJ D _PU * ) _QaG V +GPKQGPG[ Q
IKG D GQjQa_[O * T V QaJ9U_[T`G$TkFKG<TFXJ D vIKGQjQ E GP|_Q\T`J D 9O V KG OZT`JUGQ _I2 V TkF7G[Op _P|JT`JGPQ V9W TkFKG$X_2G[O A
V
G LNGPO E Q\ D F^_[Is_99O V _ D FOaGQ\9TZQJIs_p V 9G fTFX_T
JQI V V I G[OT`O\9 * T V \fJG[I7QSJ V IK_P A
;F7G5 V +GP>KQ\T_PQ V
_P| V
_IXJU_PT`J V I
FKJ|UG!_[L V J+JI9
K_[Oa_PUGPf|_ * G OSQ
T V G[Tl_PO ) JTkOa_OaJU * D V QjG A ;FKG OjGQ\9T
QRG W KG[IKGPTkOR_[T`J V I
_P| V
_I2
J|U ) Gp_#LdG[O * D V sK|J D _[T G' V +GP E
JI
JTkF
D V KUG $s_IXJ99U_[T`J V I_I2 D V U|JUQaJ V I9G[T`G D T`J V I_PM V OaJUTkFKsQ A
] TFKG OlORGQjG[_PO D F2G[OSQ
FK_[LNG _[TkTZG[9TZGP'T V 9GPQaJvI^_PIK JKG[^GPI9T&QR D F^_ V NG E
OjGPQ\9UTZQ
TFX_Tp_[OjG9ORGQjG[I9T`GJITkF7G W`V | V
JI X_[ GQ Ag Q$_PI
TkFK_[TpORG _[Oj+UGQjQ VKW TFKGs V 9GP D F V QjG[I E T`FKG QaG OJI9T`GPO W _ D GsT V
NG[I7G[Oa_P E NI7QS_T`JQ W _ D T V O * A
V NG
\I
G _ D F
JTkFLN_[O * JI
V OaJM._PsJ&G[I9TF QSJU_Q\T E
GP_ D FQ\ D FQ * Q\T G
W`V NI7
_Q E JI
Q * QaT`G[ E JTQaGG[QTkFK_[T<T`FKGKQaG[O D F V9V QaGQK_[OaT VKW TkFKG
JTkFTFKG V QjG E fOa_[NQ
JT_[O V NIK V ITFKGQ D OaGG[I E _[I7sOjGPUG _QRGQ TkF7G$ V KQRG ) 9TT V I
FKG[ITFKG'NGQaJOjGPsORGQR TJQ _ D FKJUG LdG A
V
G LdG[O E JIKOZ_ D TJ D G W`V U9Q OjG JOjG
JUI2+J D _[T`JI9 D ORGP_QG< V D _[T`J V I7Q ) G W`V OaG<TFKG W JIK_P W`V U JQ G LdG[O V I2G A ;FKG$Q * QZTZG[
TkFKJQ
TkF7GQSJUQ0T`_
GQlTkFKJQlI V L GPd_99O V _ D FT V TkF7G>vOa_9FXJ D _Pd QaG[O0JI9TZG[O W _ D G 9GPQaJvI A
9 $J!
vE J A G A
9ORGQaG[I9TZGPsJI
;F7GJI9TZG[O W _ D G+GQaJM.I7GP F7G[OaG W`V Op_I V OaJf_sJKs_[IKJ99U_PT`J V I Q * Q\T`GP
TkOR_+JT`J V IX_P7+J|_[.Oa_ ^JI Q * )KV QTkF9O V NfF V NT A ;FKGQ * )KV Q
_[ORG
JUI9Tk9JUT`JMLNG E _PIK D V ^G[IKT`Q W O V
V9V JU9GP_ Ag Q
T`_ fGQ D _PORG$T V QG$TkFKG
GP| .I V
I _[I7 W _PJUOa *
V OaJf_[^J W`V NG[OjQ JI2+J D _[TZG$TkF9_T0KQaJI9 W _sJU|JU_[O#Q * )KV Q JQ _
G U E W\V U9Q<_[I7 D OSG _ QGQ
^_ *) G_P9NGT V TkFKG V +GP )9* QaJK *
V JIKJI
G +JQ\T`JI9<L G[OZT`J D GQ E Oa_T`FKG[OlT`F9_PIdOa_[.fJI W U_[7Q VKW LNJO\Tk _P+9_[KG[O&_[O V NIK A
;F7G D F V QjG[ITkF7G V OaG[T`J D _Pf V +GP W`V O0T`FKG W`V U9GPKJUG D G VKW 9_KG OJIsTFXJQ>JXG[^G[IXT_PT`J V IJQ_
LN_POaJU_[T`J V I
V I
TkF V QaG
9ORGQaG I9T G
9OaG[LNJ V KQa *
JI
TkF7G
UJTZG[Oa_[Tk OaG A
C G[L9G[OR_P V TF2G[O_[OSG[_Q
D V 9NT`GPO
.Oa_[9FKJ D Q0_[I7 V +GP|UJI BFK_[L G ) GG[I G fK V OjGP'T V QRNv GQ\T7_[IGPI9T`JOaGP * IKG
_PI7'_[ORG _PQ V +JQ D KQjQaG'JITkF7G WZV U V
JI9BX_[ GQ A
VKW
V 9GP
- UR/W 2(+ `
] ORJMf_sJNJQ0TF2Gp_[OZT VXW&W`V U+JUI+K_[KG[OJIKT V Q D 9Tk9ORG A ;Oa_+JT`J V IK_P| * E `W V +JI9JQ0OaGQ\T`OaJ D TZGPT V
_!QaJI UGQv9_OjG KJG D G VXW X_2G[O E V9W T`G[I
D V V NOjGP
V I
V IKGQaJ+G E _PIK
JTF V T<TFKG QG VKW
Q D JQjQ V OjQ V O f G A ^GQ\KJTZG<TkFKGQG<ORGQ\T`OaJ D T`J V I7Q E V+) G D TZQ VXW OZJ D FLN_[OaJUG[T * _[I7 D V KG NJT * D _[I
) G OaGP_PUJQaG W O V
_#QG G[I D G VKW
W`V U9Q V ITFKG
Qjv9_[OSG A
( 1 K"8' 7, , +'s 9
`?Y#Y ©u6#(E64"}(?M
\ITFKG bc
Q E ,v_X_IKGQjG
^_PQaT`G[O W`V NG[O g dJOR_ V Q\FKJ P_
V TZQ E +_Q\FKGQ<_[IK_POZO V
+JU_[fOa_[^JI E
Q
T V
_+G[L G V KGs_Q * Q\TZG[s_T`J D'D V 9G VKW
+J|_[.Oa_[%FKJQ V OaJf_[^J0 V 9GPQ A
C JI D G TFKG I E TFXJQ<G[TF V VKW
JUTkF sJI V O<_PUT`G[OR_[T`J V IKQ E FX_Q ) G D V ^G_^Q\T`_[I7+_[OjJI
9O V D GQjQ VKWW`V U+JI9_<9_POZT`J D |_O> V 9GP9JQ ) O V NG[I V
G fXU_PJIKG
JTkF_B+J|_[.Oa_[
V OaJf_[^J )KV9V NQ A
;FKG
IJUI9T V V fJ D _PKQaT`G[7Q A ;FKG'QZTZG[2Q _[ORG
VKW TF2G V +GP+_[T7TkFK_PT2 V JI9T E _PIKQ * )KV Q JIK+J D _[T`JI9
FX_T W`V 9Q
_POjG$T V) G V I7G$IKG fT A ;FKG+J|_[.Oa_Q
_OjG VXW T G[I_ DPD V X_PI9JGP )+* TZG fTk _P0NGQ D OaJ9T`J V I7Q VKW
GP_ D FsQZT`G[ W`V O D |_OaJ W J D _[T`J V I E ) 9T2JT2JQ
V QjQaJ ) UG>T V V O
WO V
TkFKGp+J_[fOa_Ql_P V IKG A
;F7G
W`V U V
JI9QaG D T`J V I2Q9GQ D OaJ ) GTkF7G ) _ QSJ D TZG[O\^JI V V * E W`V +Q_PIK
Q * )KV QsKQRGP
JI
V OaJf_[^J A ]IKGG N_[KG VKW G _ D F 9O V D GPd9ORGJQ
fJL G[I E ) 9TTkFKG_ D Tk9_P W`V UJQ
dG[IKG[Oa_Pl_[I7
s_ *V DPD O V I_I * D V I W JMvNOa_T`J V I
G _NG[OjQ W _sJU|JU_[O
G A A V I T`JXUG U_ * G[OjQ
V9W TkFKGX_2G[O A
JT`FQaTk_PIK+_[OS V OaJf_sJN+J|_[.Oa_Q0_[I7Q * )KV Q0s_ *
JUQSFT V Q fJ TF2G ORGQZT
VKW TkFKJQ D F9_P9T G[O A
`?Y#ª` % (HTQx"$05*:' *@
;
_OjGpQSTOa_PJvF9TlUJI2GPQTkFK_[T&_[ORG W`V OZ^G
VKW _KJUG D G VKW X_2G[O$_OjG D _PUUG
V L GP'_I2 W`V U9GP
AbvA Ab
`AXg
JQ$_^QaG D T`J V I
V9W TkFKGsK_[KG[OTkFK_[Tp^_ *) G
JUTkF V NT2_ W`W G D T`JI9$TFKG V T`FKG[OlX_POZT`Q VKW TFKG>X_2G[O A
_G * } V :
;F7GLN_PUUG * W\V UJQ W`V O\ GP
QaFX_KG
FKG[IsT`FKGpX_2GPOJQ W`V U9GP A ;F7G )KV +I7+_[O * GPdNGQ
J
`?Y#ª¦ a¡;4"7P,T*')O]j10.O_QR*'
OaGPU_[T`JL9GT V
OjG[9ORGQjG[I9T G
JTF
TkF7GLNJUG
F7G[I
G O A
_ W U_[
VKW K_[KG[O$JUQ W`V 9GPT VW`V OZ
;FKGLN_PUG *
W`V JQTkFKG
_ +_PQaFKG!|JIKG V D _T`JI ^TkF7G' V QaJT`J V I
JUI2+J D _[T`JI9$TFKG
+JORG D T`J V I VXW V T`J V I VKW TkFKG W |_ A
e
_TkO V NvF E V O<LN_P|G *
V Q\T D V V I
W`V E _[IKJQ
VXW TkF7G D ORG _QaG E _IK_XU_PJI
_POZO V
) 3 8 $3& 8
V 9IKT\_PJUI} V
AbvA A 4
V NI9T`_PJI
g
W`V
JQ W`V OZ^G
_ W |_
FKG[I
WZV O\^JI !_7GP_ E V OB V NI9T`_PJI `QZFX_2GP
V T Z V T \+_ Q\F!|JIKG E _[IK_[I_POZO V
+JUOaG D T`J V IT V) G W`V U9GP A<g
VKW K_[7G[OJQ W`V +GP
D OjG[_QjG A
;FKG V 9I9T`_PJI
JTF_ V I2G ZQaJU9GP F V U V
_
W`V U
_ *
WO V
TkFKGLNJUG
JQ'JI2+J D _[TZGP
G OE
J|TF
_
FKG _T V JI2+J D _[TZG<TFKG W U_[!_[I7
V NI9T`_PJI W`V V9V +Q0TF2GpQa_P^G
_Q_ L+_PUUG *$W`V W O V
TFKG V TF2G[O
QaJ9G VXW TFKG X_KG[O A
) 3 8 & 3 )6$3& 8
AbvA A
} V :_PIl9I \W V
g I_O\O V
TFX_T V ) GQ ) _ D 'N V IJTZQRG W ^GP_[I7Q T VW`V _I2+I W`V U _Q>JI7+J D _TZGP E UGP_[LNJI
_ D ORG _QaG A ;F2G D OjGP_QaG<JQs_O NGP
JTkF_ W JI7G[O|JI7G<TkFK_[T V GPQ>I V T( JT`G$OaGP_ D F!TkFKG$_ U _ D G[IKT
GdfGQ0_[T2JUT`QG[I7+Q A
) 3 8 & '$3& 8
AbvA A
7QSF^F2GPOjG
Q\^_P| E F V U V
g
KQjG
_[OaO V
JTkF_ W U_[TT`_PJU2JI7+J D _TZGQ
JTkF^Q\ D F W`V 9Q0_Q0TkFKG
G[LNG[OjQjG<} V U_[I7
9KQ\FFKG[ORG A
G[T`_PX} V
;FXJQ
T * KG VXW Q * )KV Q<JQ
G A A QRGG
AbvA A '_IK
_PI7'^G _I2Q0TFX_T
TFKG X_2G[OJQ0 Q\FKG JI!Q * ^G[T`OaJ D _P| * E O\_TkF7G[OTkFK_[I ) GPJI W`V U9GP T V
V O0_
_ *BW O V
AbA A E
_[OR9Q
*.V A
or
) 8 ! 8
AbvA A GP7G_PT
\I7Q\TZGP_P VKW G fK|J D JT` * +J|_[.Oa_[^JI G[LNG[O *^W`V U E Q V ^GPT`JGPQ TkF7GORGPKG _T Q * )KV lJQ
KQaGT V
JUI2+J D _[TZG'_$ORG[7G[T`JT`J V I
V9W _ W`V V I V TF2G[OBQaJsJUU_[Op|_ * G[OSQ A ;FKG$OaGPKGP_[T(Q * )KV 2JQ
_[I _[OZO V
V JI9T`J|I9_TpTkFKGs V D _T`J V I
VKW T`FKG IKG
W`V 9Q ED O V QjQaG
I9+ ) G[O VXW T`J GQlT V V TkFKG OaG[7G[T`JT`J V I A
JTkF
F9_[T D F
^_[O NQ'T V
JI7+J D _[TZGsTkF7G
) 8 0 38
AbvA Ae
Y
d9G D V I W J|f9Oj_PT`J V IlQ
V O fJI
FKG[I
JTF
_ W U_[
JTF
QRG L G[Oa_P|_ * G[OSQ E TFKG[OjG_[OjG!Q V sG[T`JU^GQQjG[LNG OZ_P
FXJ D FTkFKG * D _[I ) G W`V U9GP A \IT`FKGQaG D _PQjGQ E J _[^|JI7GPQ<_[ORGdOR_
_ * Q JI
I ) GQaJNG'TkFKG$ V NG 7T V
JUI2+J D _[TZG>TFKG V Oa9G[O VKW
W`V U+JUI+ A
) 3 8 14&7 $,) ()&7 !#8
AbvA A
W _ I7G
Y
_PT D F^T`FXJ Q>Qa V T
V O0+I9KQ\ _PKQ\T`GPJUQ V DPD 9OZOaJI E TkFKG
TkF7G$X_KG[O E _[I7!Q\F V
FKG[OjGJTpG[IK9Q
N
^_[O NQ>_PORG
KQRGT V s_O _ D G[ORT`_PJIsK_[OZT VKW
JITFKG'I2G Tp+J|_[ O\_ A ;FKJQ
F7G 7Q
T V
V L G[^G[I9T V9W TkFKGX_2G[O A
c
D _POaJ Wk* TkF7G
) 3 8 4" ( )*! ! & 38
V T`_PTRG
AbvA A
V T`_[T`J V I
_POZO V
V9W T`FKG V NG E JI
F7G _ 9Q V IJT A ;FKG'_[ORO V
TkF7G _[OZO V
TF2GXU_[IKG V9W T`FKGsK_[fG E JQJI7+J D _TZGP
Q
QZF V
F7G _ 9Q0JI2+J D _[TZGPQ0TFKG _[I9fG
_ D JO D UG5_I2T V
JTF
TkFKG+JOjG D T`J V I V9W T`FKG$O V Tk_PT`J V I E _[I7sTkF7GQ\K_ D JI VKW
G A A G JTFKG O
c
°
V O
Tt O\I
b
A
90°
1/2
) 3 8 0 &32 8
AbvA Ac
dK_ JQaT\_PI D GQ
;FKJQ$Q * )KV lJI7+J D _TZGPQ
F7G[I
W`V U9Q<_PORG'T V) Gs_NGsQ V T`F9_[TpT VV OB V OSGs+JUQaTk_PI D GQ_OjG
G 9_P A
b
) 8 )*! 3 4 !#8
AbvA Ab
dK_+_PIK+GvQ
W T VV Ol V OjG _[I9fUGQ0_OjG>T V') G s_P9G(Gv9_P E TkFKG * _[ORG#JUIK+J D _PT`G
JTkF^QaJsJU|_O
^_[O NQ A
) 3 8 ' '# 6 !38
AbvA Abfb } V : V LKGPO_PIl V L G O
g I^_[OZO V
TkFK_[TlT V D F7GQ V
I V ITkFKG X_2G[O& V ORG TkFK_[I V I D GpJ|IK+J D _[T`GQ0T V ^_ +G V IKG W`V E
TkF7G[I W`V U$T`FKG>K_[7G[O V LNGPO0_IK V L G[O0_Qls_[I * T`J^GQ0_Q
TkF7G _[OZO V
T V D FKGQ A
) 3 8 & & & #8
/ & (1 (6 )& ) )*! &$& !#!2)*)
! 561! 2) & 22
)*! 54! # $31& 6 )6 #4 (,! )6 & & &3)$ 2)*!)*46)4 ) !# 8 6 & & 36& 3 )6) * !(! !!
#8
bfb
AbvA Ab
g I_O\O V
_POZO V
;> OaIsT`F7G
2_P7GPO V L G O
TkFK_[T2_ NGQ0_ V9V GP_[I7Q0T V TkNOZIsTkFKGBG[I9T`JOjG
V NG V L9G[O A ;FKGB+JOjG D T`J V I V9W TkFKG
J|IK+J D _[T`GQ
TF2G(+J|ORG D T`J V I VXW TFKG W UJ A
) 3 8 /( ' +& #8
K+2_P7G O V 9T W O V
AbvA Ab
F V | V
g
_[OZO V
F7GPO[G
JT`F_PIsJIK9G[I9T GT`_PJ|NJI2+J D _[TZGQ0T V 99U9Q V G#K_[KGPO V +T W O V
_IJ|I9T G[OaJ V O
V D fG[T V O
NI W`V UQ V G>K_[KGPO A
) 3 8 ' %& $ & 8
AbvA Ab
g
_
9T \_
_ * L9JG
_[.NGP V NT`|JIKG<JQ KQjGPT V QaF V
FKJU9+G[I!|_ * G[OjQ VXW K_[7G[O E _Q J W TF2G<T V U_ * G[OjQ
_ * A
b
G[OaG<T V OZI
) 3 8 ) 8
AbvA Ab
Oa_ *
J|I7G
V T`T GPs|JIKG<JQ KQRGT V QZF V
g
_ W`V V O GPddG
TkFK_[T&JQFXJ+9G[I A C V G[T`J^GQT`FKG
J|U+_PQ V') G QGPT V JI2+J D _[T G TkFKG> V QaJT`J V I_[I Gd G
OZ_ *
|JI7G
JUUvT`_ NG#JITkF7G>IKG TlQ\T`GP A
) 3 83# )6 8
AbvA Abe
g
G +T2L JG
F V | V
_[OZO V
_POaNG O
JT`F_<_POZfG F7G _ _I2T`JI * T`_PJU+JQx QaGT V JI2+J D _[TZGpTkFK_[TlTkF7G
IKG fTfOa_
OjG[9ORGQjG[I9TZQ0_IG[IXU_PO`NGP'L+JUG
VKW TF2G> V 9GP A
) 3 8 ) * #8
b
JI
AbvA Ab
g
V :F7G OjG<_PI7XKU
Q\s_PU D JO D UG
JTkF_[I_POZO V
_[TT`_ D FKGPT V JTGP_[I7Q<T V F V TFKG K_[KG[O$_[TpTFKG JI7+J D _TZGP
Qa V T E _[IK$ |NJITkF7G +JUOaG D T`J V I VKW TkFKG _POZO V
A
) 3 8 /& 3 # *8
`?Y# ©UZ(#P H" ]WjH*(OVB#(1
5
AbvA Ab Y
;F7G
_PTRG O )2V )^) _.QjG
_T`GPO )KV )) _QaG JQ_ ) _QaJ D Q\FK_[7G# QaGJIs_I * TOa_+JT`J V IX_P W`V U9Q A }KJOjQZT E TFKG X_2G[OJQ
WZV U9GPJUIFK_P W LNG[OZT`J D _PU * _[I75F V OaJ V IKT`_P| * A
G fT E TkFKGX_PKG[O$JQ<TkNO\I7GP
V LdG[O$_[I7
W`V U9GP
_P V I )KV T`F +J|_[ V IX_PQ A ;F2GpsJU9+UG V9W _PU W`V 9O(QaJNGQ _[OSGTFKG[I ) O V +.FXT&T V fG[TF2G[O E _IKsTkFKG
K_[KGPO0JQ W |_PTT`G[I7GP
JTkFT VW |_2Q
V J|I9$JIGP_ D F+JUOaG D T`J V I A
) 3 8 2 & '5! 8
b
AbvA A OjGJUsJUI2_PO *WZV
;F7G>9OjGP|J^JIX_O *BW`V 'JQ0_[I V TF2G[O ) _QaJ D W`V E W O V
s_NG )9* QaJU K * Tk O\IKJI9_
_T`GPO )KV )
FKJ D F V TkFKG[O ) _QjGPQ_POaG ^_+G A \T D _[I ) G
) _QaGsJI7QaJNG V T A
ORGP_QaG5TFKG+JU_[ V IX_PQ VKW TkFKG
K_[KGPO W JOjQ\T A ;FKG[ITkNO\I^TkF7G
K_[KGPO V LdG[O>_I2 D OaGP_QaG$TkFKG$9_[7G[O>F V OaJ V I9T`_P| * _[I7 L G[O\T`J D _P| * A
;FKJQlT`J|^G E ) OaJI9<TF2G D V OZIKG[OjQ VKW TF2G>K_[KGPOlT V fGPTkFKG[O&_[I7 W |_TkT`G[I^Q * ^G TOaJ D _PU * A
) 8%3 ) )6 $& 8
AbvA A
_ )K) JUT \G_PO
;F7G>Oa_ )9) JT `GP_[O W`V 'JQ0_
s_NG
_ *BVKW ^_ fJI _ W |_ IK_[OZO V
G[O E _PIK D FX_I JI JTZQ+JUOaG D T`J V I A \TlJQ
JTFTF9OaGGLN_PUUG *W`V 9Q>TkFK_[T&GPG[T_PT_ V JI9T E _IK5_$ V 9I9T`_PJI
W`V UTkFK_[T_PQ V
V JI7Q
TkF7G$ V JI9T A ] W TZG[I E TkFKG W JOjQZTT`F9OaGG D OSG _ QGQ
_OaG _NG E _[I75TFKG V +I9T`_PJI D OaGP_QaG `W V \O Q<_Q
TkF7G>K_[KG[OJUQ W |_TkTZG[IKG A ;FKG IKG
W U_[^_ *p) G>^_P9G JI^G JTFKG[O+JOjG D T`J V I E +G[7G[IK+J|I+ V ITkFKG
V D _PT`J V I VKW TkFKG$ V NI9T`_PJI D OaGP_QaG A
_ )9) JT ZGP_[OjQ s_ *) G'_P9G V I_I * W U_[ V9W K_[7G[O E I V T
IKG D GQjQa_[OaJU * _TkORJ|_I v |_O V IKG A
b
) 3 8 0 )2 8
AbvA A
aI2QjJ9GpOjG LKGPOjQG
g I JI2QaJU9G$OaG[L G[OjQaG `W V JQ
_
_ *VKW D FK_[I9fJI9TkFKG+JORG D T`J V I
V9W _ W |_
VKW X_KG OBJI_
_ *
TkFK_[Tl_ NGQ0TFKG W`V V OSG#KGPOZs_[IKG[I9TlTFX_Is_$QaJKUG
L+_PUG *V O V NI9T`_PJI W`V Ag IJI2QaJ+G
OjG[LNG[OjQjG W`V JQJI7+J D _TZGP ) * _ V NI9T`_PJI W`V V IT`FKG IKG _POU_ * GPO VKW X_KG[O E _[I7 _ps_T D FKJI
LN_P|G *W`V U V ITFKG W _O<U_ * G[O A ;F7G[OaGJUQ<_PQ V
_9KQ\F_POZO V
V JI9T`J|I9T V TkF7G QaKJIKG VXW TkF7G
WZV U A
\I
dG[IKG OZ_P E TkF7GX_KG OJUQ 9ORG D OjG[_QjGP E _[IK
TkFKG[I
TFKG5T`J
TkNOaIKJI JI2QaJU9G V +T7JI TFKG>KO V D GQjQ A ;F2GX_KG[OJUQ W U_[TTZG[I2GP A
) 3 8 !) 3 ! 8
be
JQ9KQ\F7GP
JIKQaJNG V9W TFKG W U_[ E
AbvA A ] TaQjJKG
OjGPL9GPOQjG
g I V +TZQaJU9G$OjG[LNG[OjQaG W`V 5JQ<QaJsJUU_[O T V _[IJI7QSJU9GOaG[L G[OjQaG E ) NTTkF7G W U_[KQ
V +TZQaJ+G VXW TkF7G T`J E Oa_TkF7G[O$TkFK_[I
D OaGP_QaG
_POZO V
JTF
QQ\F V
) GPJI !9KQ\FKG
JI7QaJNG A
_O V NI2TkFKG
Oa_
; FKGsIKGP_[O|_ * G[O VXW TF2GsK_[KGPOJQ
_LN_P|UG *!W`V U E _I2TFKG W _[O$U_ * G[O'JQ'JI7+J D _TZG
JUTkF
_ V NI9T`_PJI
W`V A
;FKG
T`FKGp+JOaG D T`J V I VKW V T`J V I VKW TFKG>X_2G[O A
) 3 8 ,!)6 3 ! 8
AbvA Ae >OaJUs
D ORJ JUQ( QjGP5T V D FK_[I9NG$TkFKG+JOjG D T`J V I
g
V9W _ W U_[ V O V JI9T E
JTkF V NTTk9OZIXJI9TF2G$X_KG[O
JUI2QaJ+G V +T A ; FKG * _PORG VKW T`GPI QaGP'T V ^_ fG W G[_PTkNOaGQQR D F_ Q ) GP_ NQ E vI7GPGQ E _[I fUGQ_[I7GP_[OjQ A
;FKJQJQ KQ\T V IKG#L G[OjQaJ V I VKW TFKG D OaJ W`V A ;FKG * s_ * _PQ V) Gps_P9GpT V) G$Q\TOa_PJvF9T V OT V
D 9O\LNG>N
_Oj9Q A
) 3 8 3) ' 8
b
AbvA A
C dK_.QaF
;F7GQj 9_QZF WZV UJQ
_
V NI9T`_PJI
_PI7
_ *^V9W D V I9LNGPO\T`JI9 V IKG W U_[J|I9T V T V A
W`V 9Q E _[I7
_I
_[OZO V
JI7+J D _T`J|I9!TkFKG W`V +G
\T(JQ<JI7+J D _TZGP
Gd G T V
JT`FL+_PUUG *
) G!Qj _Q\FKG A
WZV U9GPGPddG VXW T G[I ) G D V ^GQ
+I W`V U9GPdNOaJ|I9B_pQj _Q\F W`V E _[I7'JQ0|JI7GP'N
;FKG
J|TFTkFKG W`V
UJ|I7G _[TKTkFKG ) _QjG VXW TkFKG W U_[ A
) 3 8 !'8
AbvA A
G T`_ W\V _
V J|IKT
KG[T`_P W`V
g
V NIKTk_PJUI
_POZO V
QSJU T`_[IKG V KQa * IX_O\O V
W`V 9Q_[I7
Q0JI2+J D _[T`JUI
_Lf_PUG *
W`V
Q_[I7
FXJ D F
UG[I9vT`FKG[I7Q_ V J|I9T A
W`V OZ
_TkOaJU_[I9fG A
STJUQsJIK+J D _T`G
;FKG[OSG_[ORG_PQ V
T V
FKJ D F W U_[7Q0_[ORG#9 QaFKG'JI A ;FKG
T V V NI9T`_PJI W`V +Q_POaG I7G _Oa * _P
_PI9fUG ) JUQjG D T V jO Q E _I2Q\F V 9U ) G D OaGP_QaG
W JOjQ\T A
G T E TFKG LN_PUG *5W`V U
D V I9IKG D TlTkFKG$G[I7+Q V9W T`FKG
V NIXT_PJ|I D OjG _ QjGQ A ;FKG V
G[O TkJ!JQ>T`FKG[I |GP 9
Q\F
_ * Q
_PORs_P V I
_POa Ag Q
W U_[JQ W U_[TT`G[I7GP E TkF7G> V +I9T`_PJI W`V 9Q V ITkF7G>T V W U_[ ) G D V ^G#Lf_PUG *W`V 9Q A
b
T V
D OjG[_QjG JQ<s_ 9GT V
TkF7G
LN_P|UG *W`V KQ\Tls_NG E _IK TFKG
T V QaJ+G W |_2QTkNOaIJ|IKQaJU9G V NT0_I2 V LNGJUI
TkF7G>IKG
)+*
) 3 8' , $& & )6,8
G T`_ W\V _PIG NG
AbvA Ac
;F7G KGPTk_P W`V JQ QaG
)KV TkT V
TV
^_ +Gs_ V JI9T V T VKW _PIGd G A
_[ORG _+G W JUORQ\T E TkF7G[ITF2G>LN_P|UG *W`V T V
;F7G[I W`V U 9_P V I9TF2GLN_PUUG *^W`V E _P| V
V JUI TFKG
_PQ
;FKGs_PI9fUG ) JQaG D T V OjQ_T<T`FKG
F7G[I2G[T`_P WZV U+JI9_ V J|I9T A
J|I9TFKG'T V QSJ+GQ T V D V G'JI
_Oj A ;FKG$T V
V TkF7G[O D ORGP_QaGQ0_92GP_[O&_Q *.V W U_[TkTZG[ITkFKG W U_[T V _ V JI9T A
) 3 8 '3 $3& / / 8
AbvA Ab
] 7G I QJUI
_ * T V) MNI9T_' V JI9T>TFX_T>FK_Q
I V Oa_
LN_P|G *W`V U_[I7 _[I_O\O V
g I V KG[IQaJI sJQ
_
Gd GQ A
V D _[T`JI9T`FKG
V JI9T0TFX_T0JQ T Vs) GQ\NI
\T JQ<JI2+J D _[TZGP
A ; V s_
JTF_
G_I V KG[I QaJI
W J|OjQZT
^_ NG
TkFKG
LN_PUG *W`V E TF2G[I^X_O\T`JU_PU *V KG I^TkFKG
V JIXT2NI9T`J|9TFKG
^JN+G VXW TkFKG$ V JI9TJQ
bc
E
W |_PTT`G[I7GP A
WO V
KQ\FTkF7GT`J
V
I
_POR9Q_I2 D V QjG TFKGX_2GPO AC V ^G VKW TkF7G W`V 9Q D FK_[I9NG
LN_P|G * T V V +I9T`_PJI E _[IKQZF V ) G_ M Q\TZGP'_Q
I7GGP+GP A
) 3 8 " !,)6 8
g
AbvA Abfb > V QGsQjJ|I
D V QaG!QSJI sJQ
_I V TkF7G[O
_ *VKW>) MNIKT`JI _' V JI9T E ) NT>T`F9JQ<T`J^G'TkF7GJI9TZG[OaJ V O$GPdNGPQ<_PORG
V D fG'T V fG[TF2G[OJI7QaJNG T`FKG# V +GP A ;F7G# V JI9TlJQ D ORG _QaG_Q JITF2G V KGPIsQaJUI
VKWV KG IKJI TkFKG$9_PKG[O V T W |_T E _PUXU_ * G[OjQ G
Tk D fGJITF2GU_PQaT U_ * GPO A
E ) NTJIKQaT`GP_
D G[9T V I7G'_[ORG'FKGPU5T V G[TkF7G[O E _IKsT`FKG V JIKT>JUQ
;FKJQJUQ$TkFKG V QZT<+J WZW J D 9TpT * KG V9W<W`V 9GQ D ORJ ) GPFKG[OjG E QSJI D G
V QZT D OaGP_QaGQ0_[OjGOjG LdG[OjQjGP'JIT * KG _PIKTF2GX_KG Ol Q\T ) G ) G[I9Tl_[I7 D V _ NGT VsW JTlJIXT V TkFKG
V D fG[T A
) 3 8 &! !,)6 8
- UR/W 2(+ ¦
] ORJMf_sJBFX_QTOa_+JT`J V IK_P| *) GG[I
G +JQ\T`JI9 V NG Q A
)+*
9GQaJM.IKG
T`OaJU_P'_IK
G[OaO V O ED OaGP_[T`JI9
LN_POaJU_[T`J V I7Q V I
4 V OjG5OSG D G[IXT` * E D V 99T_PT`J V IX_P _P V OaJT`F9^Q E I V T`_ ) *)+* &_PI9
x_[I9 E
bcfcde l
FX_[L G ) GG[IJXG[^G[I9TZGP'T V UG[T2TFKG D V 9NT`GPO
FKGPU+GQaJM.I V OaJM _[sJ A
) 4
',$2" 79 '.# "979
;F7G[OaG<_PORG
T V _PJUIsK_[OZTZQ T V T`FKG D ORG _T`J V I VKW _[I V OaJf_sJ+ V +GP `W V TkF7G ) _QaG E _IKsTkFKG[I
WZV U'TFKGp+G[T`_PJUQ Apg
79
JUQ_
ORG[v9U_[O0NG V ^GPTkOaJ D Q\FK_[7G#TFX_T2FK_Q _I V L G[Oa_PU9Q\TO\ D TkNORG<QaJsJU|_PO
T V T`F9_PT VKW TkFKG W JIX_P2 V +GP A
W |_P7Q
H !
W`V NO W`V O TFKGG[fQ E V I7G W\V OTkF7G<FKG _ E _I2 V IKG W`V OT`FKG<Tk_PJU Ag 9+JT`J V IX_P W`V +Q D _PUUG
W
} V O$G N_[KG E T`FKG ) _QaG W`V OB_[I_[IKJ|^_P2s_ * FK_[L9GQSJ ^_ V O
_[OSG( QaGT V TkOa_I2Q W`V OZ
TFKG ) _QaG
JI9T V TkF7G W J|I9_Pf V 9G A
G I W`V s_ D V XUG[TZGP *W`V +G ) _QaG V O _[I *V TF2G[O V OaJM._PsJ9 V +GP E _+JLNJQaJ V I
V9W T`FKG
K_[KGPO<JI9T V _QRG T VXW V * V IK_PlOaG[fJ V I7Q )9* _QjG[T VXW |JI7GQjG .^G[IXT QpJQ$G W T V ITkF7GX_KG O A
$J 9
$J I
3)*!+ 8 )*! ! 4)-$*) 4 4!3 8 !& / & *!)6 & 4 43!3 ! (&!3 #3 & + )*!34 '!#!3
_ D F|JIKGpQjG .^G[I9TlJUQ D _PUUG_
`A
;FKJQlX_TkTZG[OZI VKW UJI7GPQ V ITkFKG K_[KG[OJQ D _P|UG'TFKG
b
}KJM.+OSG
}KJvNOaG
E ) NT
c
VKW TkFKG ) _QG A
FKG[I
V9V fJI9
_ D F
D OaGP_QaG_ *!) GGPJT`FKG[O
V NI9T`_PJI
_T$TkF7G D OSG _ QGK_[TkTZG[OZITkF7G V OaJG[I9T`_[T`J V I
V O
VKW TZG[I
LN_PUUG *
V GQI V T
s_TkTZG[O E JT2JQ KQ\TKTkF7G>K_[TkT G OZI VKW |JIKGQ
TFX_T
JUQ0JUI9T`G[OSGQ\T`JI9 A
) 3 8 !) 1 4 3 ! 22
(a)
(b)
) 8 & 3 )6/43 5! / 6 4 !3 #8
;F7G W`V NOT`OZ_+JT`J V IX_P W NI2+_sG[IKTk_P ) _PQjGQ>_[ORG$Q\F V
bvA ;F2Gps_ V O> V JIKT`Q V9W _
IJI}9JM.9ORG
) _QaG ) G D V G$s_ V Op_92G[I7d_[NGQ V9W TkFKG W JIK_PX V +GP A aI
I9fUJQZF E TFKG ) _QaGQ<_PORG'IK_[ GP
WZV O TkF7G G[I2G[Oa_P7_[IKJs_P&Q\FK_[KG ) GQZT>OjG[9ORGQG[I9T G )9* TkFKG'I99 ) G[O V9W
W U_[7Q A ;FKG fJUT`G E W JQ\F E
) JOj5_I2 W O V ) _QaGQ FX_[LNG V IKG E T V E W`V +OB_PIK W JMLNGU_PO\ G V JIKT`Q<_I2 V I7G E T V E V I2G_IK
WZV NOpQ\^_P|9 V JIKT`Q OaGQ\7G D T`JML GP * Asg Qp_[I G N_ KG E TF2G W JUQaF ) _PQjG Q#T V |_POZfG$ V JI9TZQ V 9
D V O\ORGQZ V IKT V _ W JQZF Q<FKGP_P_PIKT`_PJ| E _[IKTFKGT V
Q\^_P|G[O< V JIKT`Q$s_ * fGPT TkNOZI2GPJIKT V
KG D T V Oa_P W JI2Q A 4 V Q\T VKW TF2G>T V T V T`F9ORGG>F NI7dORG
G ORG D OaGP_[TZGP W O V
G U dI V
I^9GQSJ.IKQ N NIXTJ|fTF2G bcfe Q
TkFKGQaG W`V O ) _ QGQ A
(a) kite base
(b) fish base
2& )
( ,$3)* !1 )
(8 ! " )4 $&4
)+ 2!3# !)( 2)&7 ! & ) $ & ) ) !! ' !8 5 ! (c) bird base
(d) frog base
V
G LNGPO E T`FKG W`V +OT`OR_P+JT`J V IK_P ) _QGQ V I V T D V L G[O _PU D U_QjQaGQ VXWW JvNOjGPQ T Vs) G$ V 9G UUG A
V IKQaJ+GPO$ V 9GPU|JI9_ Q\KJNG[O E
FKJ D F
OaG J|ORGQGPJM.FXTB|_O\NG V J|I9TZQ W`V O$TFKG5G[NQ_[IK
V IKG
Qas_PU+ V JI9T W`V OTkFKGpF2GP_P A ; V Q V ML G$NGQaJvI^9O V+) G[ Q Q\ D F_Q TF2GQaG E V OaJf_[^JKG[I9TkF9KQaJU_Q\T`Q
) G[f_[I
TV
G fX V OSG
IKG
Q * Q\TZG[s_T`J D
^G[TkF V 9Q A
+GQSJ.I
4
V +G[OZI
_dL+_I D G ^G[I9TZQJI
T`FKG
D V KUG +JT *^VKW V ORJM._PsJ2ORG[L9GP_Pl_'ORJ D F G V G[TkORJ D QaTO\ D Tk9OjG V L9G[OZIKJI ^TkF7G V QjQaJ ) J|UJT`JGPQ V9W
K_[KGPO W`V U+JI A
¦?Y#Y % &O\"T")*0.E' (7"[email protected]
+6
;F7G'TkOa_+JT`J V IK_P&+GQaJM.IG[TF V W`V O V ORJMf_sJ2 V 9G UQ$NG KG[I7+Q V ITFKG W`V O W 9IK+_G[I9T`_P
) _QaGQ E _[IKT`FKG D ORG _T`JMLNJT *VKW TkFKG+GQaJM.I2G[OT V _+sTFKG W GP_PTkNOaGQ V OpNG T`_PJUUQ 9_PO\T`J D 9U_POT V TkF7G
Q\ ) U G D T ) G JI9B V +GPUUG
$_Qa_[FK_[OR_ Ebcf
%
_I2+UG[TT EKbcfefe
x_[I9 Ebcff ) A
$_Qa_[FK_[Oa_ Elbcfe
v4_G f_ G[I2G[Oa_P E +GQaJM.I7G[OjQ _
\I
G
_p_[I7 _PQa_[FK_PO\_ E7bcd
_PUT`G[Oa_T`J V I2Q!T V
G NJUQaT`JI
V NG Q A
\ITFKGT`OZ_+JT`J V IK_PlQjG[I2QaG E _$ V9V V 9G 7JQ V IKG$T`F9_PT D _9Tk9ORGQ TkF7GGQjQaG[I D G VKW TkF7G'Q\ ) U G D T
J|TF_ W G
D _OaG W 9U * KU_ D G+G[T`_PJU `W V 9Q<_[IK_I+I D V s9UJ D _T`G ZW V U +JI9!QjG G[I D G A
G +_XUGQ VKW OaG[I V
V Q\FKJ _
_
JUI D M 9G
;#G[
V
V Q\FKJ_
V+) G[OaT
IKGT`OZ_+JT`J V IX_P V OaJf_sJf9GQaJM.I E QGPG T`FKG V O
A _ Elbcf vElbcfc
_[O ) JUI E$C _[9GP
G[_P
;F7G W JOjQ\TzQSJ.IXJ W J D _[I9Tz+G[L9GP V 9^G I9T7JI V OaJf_[^J+NGQaJvI
AJ $_Qa_[FK_[Oa_ Ebcfe
Qj _POjG E JQJIXJT`JU_P| * KUGP_[TZGP
I9fGP EXbcfc
G[sJQ\9FKG ORG
4 V I9T V+* __PIK
UJ|_Q E xJM J_
A
}K V OjG[I D G
_Q+GQ D OaJ ) G'JITkF7G bcfe
Q_[IK
_Q
\I!TkFKJQ# G[TkF V E _9JG D G V9W 9_PKG[O E I V T>I7G D GPQQa_OaJ| *
F V ORJ V I9T`_PU * E L G[OZT`J D _PU * _[IK
) 9JUT# V ITkF7GPQG9OjG D OSG _QaGQ A
GQ\T G OZI
¦?Y#ª` a*=KF2')("J0@
D _P|GP
EKbc f A
_O ) JI EKbc
VKW2V OaJf_[^J+^_PQaT`G[O g dJOR_
J V I7GPG[OjQ VKWV OaJM _[sJKJITkF7G Y
_[I7+UG[TkT E
} V O
I G xG fK V ORGQ )KV
A
+JU_[ V IX_PU * A
kXG[_PT`JI9
;FKG!+GQSJ.I
JQ'TkF7G[I
JTkFQ V sG V9W FKJUQNGQaJvI7Q
¦?Y#ª¦ aC'J"J0/ "$0\@R0ZO Z4,7"$0@
] TFKG O_[NTkF V OjQ$FK_[LNGs_9dORGQjQaGTkF7G 9O V+) G[
VKW<V OaJf_sJ+GQaJM.I
$_Qa_[FK_[Oa_ E&bcfd $_ QS_FX_POZ_<_PIK; _ f_ * _[^_ E&bcf
A
V I
I9NG[ E0bcfc
_ D V I D G[9Tk9_PG LNGP
;F7G W\V NO W NIK+_G[I9T`_P
) _QaGQ D _I ) G$JXO V LdG )+* QSJI9ORG[2G[T`JT`J V I7Q VKW TkF7G$G[I9T`J|ORG ) _QaG V I!_$QaJUI UG'Q\FKGG[T A ; V
I9NGP
! J Q\ D F^G[TkF V 9Q0_[ORG
_[I7
NA
I GP E&bcdc (
9GQ D OaJ ) GQ ) |JI9TJI9 E ) NT V GQ>I V T vI V
TkFKGJI LNG[I9T V O A ; V5) |JI9T_
Qj _POjG V9W 9_PKG[O E TkFKG W`V O D V O\IKG[OjQ$_[OSG W`V U9GPT V TkFKG D GPI9TkORG A
Qas_PUUG O#Qv9_PORG
IKG
Qv9_PORG E
;F7GOaGQ\9T`JI9 W Jv9ORG JQ$_
JTkFTFKG'_++JT`J V I VXWW`V O TkORJ|_I v |_O W U_PKQ$Q\F V
IJI
FXJ D FJQ<_ D Tk9_PU * TkF7G V OaJfJIK_P&Qv9_PORG+JMLNJ+GPJI
}KJv9ORG
T V E JQ$TkFKG[I
_ A ;FXJQ
V I7G V9W TkFKGpOaG[v9U_[O ) _QRGQ Ap@ G D _[KQaG VKW TkF7G W`V +O(G fTOa_ W |_PKQ E TkFKG<ORGQ\9T`JI9 W JvNOjG
FK_QT
_Q s_I * V JI9TZQ _PQ TkFKG$OaG[v |_O ) _QaG A ; FKG ) |JI9T
V OaJf_[^J&QSJI D G'T`FKGJI9L9G[I9T`J V I
QaF V
IJI
}KJM.+OSG
|) _Q>TkF7G W JOjQZT
JD G
JU9GQ\9ORG _sJI9I V LN_[T`J V IJI
VXW TF2G W O V ) _QaG Ag IG N_P 9G VXW _ ) |JI9T.GP ) J|OR ) _QaGsJUQ
W`V O(T`FKGQ\T`_PIKd_POR ) JOR ) _QjG D _I ) G QRGPG IJI
A ;F7G D OjG _QRGK_[TTZG[O\I
TkF7GpQ\FK_P9GP$ V OZT`J V I VKW }KJvNOaG
W`V +G|J fG
A
) 3 8 $ &.+ (
6)6) $ & )8 '5! 8 ! 223
(a)
J !
D V JI2GP
E _T G[O\
)9*
I dG
_PI V TkF7G[O A } V OFXJQ W JOjQ\T&_[TkT G 9T E
TV
s_ NG
) _ )+*
_
W`V O
FKJUQ
(b)
E
I9NGP E$bcfc
JQ^ V I7G )+*
V IKG ) _ QG!JI9T V
JI2QaGPOZT`JI
I GP+fOa_ W TZGP_ W O V ) _QaG<JI9T V T`FKG D G[I9TkOjG VXW _ ) JOj ) _QaG
v_PI9v_PO V9V
V NG A
G[7G[_PT`JI
9O V D GPd9ORG
TkF7G
_PU V
Q
TkF7G
JUI9T`O V d D T`J V I VXW G[L G[I V OjG V JI9TZQ A
@ |JIKTJI _IK O\_ W T`JI9GPT VsW +OZTkF7G[OG N_[^JIX_T`J V I VKW
TkF7G>ORG[2GP_[T`JI9BX_TkTZG[OZI2Q0JIT`FKG>TkOa_+JT`J V IK_P ) _QaGQ A
¦?Y# % (;U0"7E1',7*:')O\"90\@
5
\I
bc
TFKG
Q E W`V O V OaJf_[^J<NGQaJvI7G[OjQsJI7+G[KGPIK+GPI9T` *W`V NI7
Q * G[TkORJGQ'Q\ J|T`_ ) UG W`V O W`V +JI9 D V KUG
TZG D F9IKJvKGQ W`V O\
D V ) JIKJI
_>OSGPQGP_[O D F_POaGP_ VXW2V ORJMf_sJN+GQaJM.I D _PUGP
)KV TF
_POZT
G[I9fJI7GPG[OaJI A
_IK
4 V I9TkO V U+_I2 _I Elbcfc E
_I
V 9G Q W O V
_I E2bcff _ E7bcdfcElbcfc
I GP
I9fGP ElbcffvElbcdc
>G N_[^JIKGTkFKG
QaJI UG E NI D NTQv9_OaGQ A
!
NG L GP V XJI9
ZI
_QaG[T VXW TZG D F9IXJ GQs_IK
.E V O
_
: 3 UE
G[TF V NQ E 4 V IKTkO V U
T`FKGQRG
E 4_PG f_ ;F2GQaG
4_G d_
_ Elbcfc _[I7
W`V 9OTOa_+JT`J V IK_P ) _QaGQ A ;F7G * I V T`J D GTkF7G
TkORJ|_I v |_PO#Q\FX_KG<TkFK_[T_XKGP_[OjQ JI9UT`JXUGQ VKW T V E W`V 9O E G JvF9T_[I7!QSJ TZGPG[IJITkFKG D OaGP_QaG
e
K_[TkTZG[OZI7Q VXW TkFKG ) _ QjGQQaF V
V OaJG[I9T`_[T`J V I
D V 9
) G
IsJI!}XJvNORG
A
@ * QSJI9$9T`JUXUG D V XJUGQ VKW LN_[O * JUI9QSJ.G<_[IK
VKW T`FKG ) _QaJ D T`ORJ|_I fUG^Q\FK_[7G E TkF7G * I V T`J D G
W`V O\^G A
JUI D V OZ V Oa_[TZGQ b
} V O!G N_[XUG E x_[I9 Q
C GP_
D V KJGQ VKW TFKG TOaJ|_I UG JI
G I+fTF V JI9TZQ0JI TFKG
V ORG D V XUG
TFX_T< D F
HpO D FXJI
) _QaGQ
4 V I9TO V U$_[I7
x_[I9 Ebcfc
JUT`Q D OjGP_PQjGX_PTT`G[OZI E _I2OSGQ\9TZQJI
G 9_P
V 9GP A
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
!( 4$4& !#)+!) $ ! 8 63 1 !,2
))* ! !.! )6 )6 & 1 )64/.3 )*(!+5! $ & ) 2 *
)63'!3 !+& $ $& ')6 ( $, )*!! ) 25"!3 )64 () $ & )6 '(! ) # 8 !3 ;FKJQ T`OaJU_[I9fUG'JQ<Q\T`JUUXI V TTkFKG' V Q\T W 9IK+_[ G[I9T`_PXNIXJT VKW T G D F9IXJ D _P W`V U+JI9 A ;F7G'TkORJ|_I fG
WZV NI7sJITkFKG$TkOa_ +J|T`J V IK_P ) _QRGQ D _[I ) GQaG[X_Oa_PT`GsJI9T V TFXORGPGQ\s_PUG[O(TkOaJU_[I9fGQ
V IKGJUQ V Q D GPGPQsORJM.F9T'TOaJU_[I9fG
Q D _PG[IKG'OaJ.FXTTkOaJU_[I9fGPQ
J|TF
JTkF
QaJ+GQsJI
QaJU9GPQ<JUITkFKGOa_T`J V
) V D fQ V9W T G D FXIKJ D _P V ORJMf_sJ A
_I
b b TkF7GOa_[T`J V
T V
JNG[IXT`J D _P
A ;(FKGQRG _OjG'TF2G'TO\KG ) J|U+JUI
_I Esbcff _ Esbcffc !
_[I7
QaGG }9Jv9ORG
V9W b b E _[I7
I9NGP
I9NGP Esbcfc
_QjQjG[ ) GP5TF2GQaG'T V TOaJ|_I UGQ<JI9T V U_[O\ G[O<_I2U_[OZNG[OpTkOaJU_[I9fGQ<_IKOaG D T`_[I9fUGQ
T V
) _QaGQ
JTF V ORG _[I7 V OjG> V JI9TZQ A
2 + 1+
√2
1
& ) ) 3 )2 )* 8 1 2 %4 & $'4 ( ) 21)6 $ & )(
)&& '4 !)6 +
(&$%! (!#384 )4( G LNGPO E TkFK_[T
JUI2NG W JIXJTZGP * A
1 + √2
(c)
V TZG E F V
2
2
1
1
(b)
(a)
D ORGP_[TZG
^G[TkF V
TkFKJQ
VXW
D V * JI
T`FKGTOaJU_[I9fG
G _PlK_[KGPO<FK_Q<_OaGP_PlTkFKJ D vIKGQQ l_PTkF V +.F
V NG KQ\ D F_PQ>TFKG$QG[_p9O D FXJI
_I
Elbcdf _
>T V
WZV U+_ ) G A'g Q V OjG W _PKQ>_PORG
s_NG E TkFKG * GP_ D F5.O V
c
e V O
D _I9I V T
Q\FK_[KG
_fGPIKG[Oa_PUJQa_T`J V I
V%V I
VKW _ D V XUG
V JI9TZQ JQ D V I D GPJMLN_ ) G E JUTJUQ I V T
QaJ T`_[I7G V QS * TFXJ D fG[O _PIKQ\F V OaT G[O E
_PI7 V LNG D V QaG[O0T V G[TkF7G[O A ;FKG#K_[KG[O D _II V V I dG[O D V |_PKQjG D V ^9_ D T` * E _[I7$OaJ2Q A
¦?Y#Ad §¨*OVB'}b©¡}"@5Qx"
: V GQ ) G *.V I2TFKG<|JUsJT`_T`J V I2Q VXW _QaJI fUG$QZF2GPG[T VKW K_[7G[O>_IK QjGQpQaG[LNGPOa_P E
Q V ^G T`J^GQ
F9+I7dOSGP9Q E V9W QjG[K_[Oa_T`GKJUG D GQ A
J9G[I9T`J D _PdNIKJTZQ _OjG
UJI
NG V ^G[TkOaJ D
Q V UJU E
JTkF
_ D F
Q\^_P|&Qj _[OjGJQ W`V NGJI9T V _
_IK
G'T V GPTkFKG[OT V D OjGP_[T G
TFKG V+) G D T A ;FKG OjGPQ\9UT`JI V +GP9JQ Q\9_PU * _
T`FKG
NIKJTZQ5^_ fJI
N
TkFKG
W _ D GQ V OGPddGPQ V9W TkFKG V * FKGfO V I A
V
G LNGPO E V TFKG[ONGQaJvI7Q>Q\ D F _Q_PO D FXJTZG D Tk O\_P Q\T`O\ D Tk9OjGPQ_[I7 )KV
D V IKQSTO\ D TZGP'9QaJUI+$TFXJQ
^G[T`F V
V OaJf_[^JfJ|I
JT`F5LdG[O * D V XG
} QaG E2bcfc
V OaJf_[^JXJUI!TkFKG D V I9TZG fT VKW
G _Q * T V
W`V E ) NT D _[I
Q\T`O\ D Tk9ORG A }9 QG+GQ D OaJ ) GQ>TkFKG ) _QaJ D Q V9W V d |_PO
A
g I7dORG
Oa_[9FKJ D Qp_[I7
GQ\+v GQ\TZQTkFK_[T W`V +JI Q V UJ9Q W O V
LNJQ\ _P|JQa_PT`J V IsQ fJU|Q0_[IK
JTkF^|J+Q D _[Is_PQ V) G
} QaG EXbcfcvEXbcfc EKbcdcf A
] IKG_dLN_[I9T`_[ G VXW V d9U_[O V ORJM._PsJJQTkFK_[T<NIXJTZQ_OjGsOjGP|_T`JMLNGP *
OjGPQ\9UT0JI_I V+) G D T
GQ
U_PQjQ\I7G[O0FK_Q0OjG D G[IKT` * +JQ D QjQaG V d |_PO
L+JQ\9_PUJQa_T`J V I
U_QQZIKG O Ebcfcde _ Ebcfcfe ) A
W U_[TX_KG[OJUQs_KQjG W pG KG[OaJG[I D G WZV O ) J|+JI
JI9Tk9JT`J V I A
¦?Y# -/*Q WXB3?"T*021'&c'@P*;}"TUNQ ;F7G
JI9TkO V d D T`J V I VXW T`G D F9IXJ D _P W`V +JI9FX_Qs_NG<JTl V QjQaJ ) G
T V G fTZG[IK V ORJMf_sJ 9GQaJvI^T V
V NG Q
JTkF
_PO ) JTOa_[O *
I N ) G OSQ V9W V JI9TZQ A
;(G D F9IKJ D _P WZV NG[OjQ ) O V NvF9T W`V D KQT V
TkFKG
JUI9F2G[ORG[IXT0 G V G[TO * JIX_KG[O `W V +JI E _[IKsFK_[L9G$ORGd D GP5 D F VKW TF2G$9O V D GQQ VKW 9GQaJM.I
TV
_P V OaJTkF9 Q A
;FKGQjG
_P V OaJTkF9 Q
IX_Tk9OZ_P| *
UGPIK
TkF7G[QjG[ML GPQ
TV
D V 9+T G[O
JU KG[sG[I9T`_PT`J V I E T`F Q0KG[OZFX_2Qls_ fJI J|TK V QQaJ ) UG W`V O0_ D V 9+TZG[OlT V NGQaJvI V OaJf_sJ A
¦?Y# ©c}"@/Q " (1H"A@G0 _-/* QXW BI(H
6
G V XG
ORGP|_PT G V OaJf_[^J9T V G V G[TO * E ) G D _[ QaG V9W T`FKG$_[I9fUGQ _[I7Q\TkOa_PJ.F9T|JUIKGQTkFK_[T D _[I ) G
QjGG[IJITF2G D OjGP_[T`J V I VKW V +GPQ _I2'TFKG JUO D OSG _QaG K_[TTZG[OaIKQ A ;FKJQ0NI2NG[Oa * JI9$fG V ^G[TkO * FK_Q
OjG D GPI9T` *) GPG[I G fK V JUT`G )+*V OaJf_[^JK9GQaJvIKG[OSQ>T V 9O V d D G<_ D V 9NT`_[T`J V IX_P2_99O V _ D F T V
V OaJf_[^JN+GQSJ.I A
c
;F7G W JOjQZT<_[TTZG[9T
T V
I9fGP Esbcfc
KO V .Oa_[
_ D V 9NT`GPO$T V
&_PI+ E^bcfd _ A
VKW<V OaJf_[^J
_PJ TFKG+GQaJM.I
g OZTkF9+O g 9KGP E _
OjGPQjG _O D F7G[O_[T
_PQJUI
bc 9b
@ 4 E 9O V .Oa_[^GP_
D V 9NT`GPO0T V 9ORJIXT V NT27QaG V `Oa_[IK V E QSJKG fG V G TO\J D$D V I W JMvNOa_T`J V I2Q VKW D OaGP_QaG<UJ|IKGQ
g )KV +T c
V I_!Qv9_OjGsXJUG D G VKW K_[7G[O A
T V KO V .Oa_[
9I7Q\ DD GQjQ W 9 E V OlI V I W`V +_ ) UG A
V
VKW TF2GQaG D ORGP_QG9_PTkT G[O\I7Q
G[LNG[O E TkF7G V TkFKGPO b G[ORG D V I7QSJU9G[ORG
Q\+vdGQ\T7TkF9_[T7JT2s_ *p) G V QaQaJ ) UG
_ D V 9+T G OT V +GQaJM.I V OaJf_sJ9 V 9G Q V OSG D V XG TF9_PI_[I * +GQaJM.IKG )9*
_ F9Ns_[I A
;F7G[OaG
_PORG
Q V G9Oa_ D T`J D _P<9O V+) G[QJI
V OaJf_PsJ9GPQaJfI
D V 9NT`GPO D V 99OaJIKT V +Tp_ G V ^G[TkORJ DD OaGP_QaGX_TkTZG[OZI
_PI *.V IKG W JvNOjG V +TKF V
)+*
D V 9NTZG[O E F V
G LNGPO A
g
VXW _ W`V d_ ) UG V +GP E ) NT D V 9
T VW`V JT]OaJf_[^Jd V +GPQ0NGPIKG[O\_PU * OSGv9JORG
_p V I9QjG GPI D G V9W
WZV U+JUI +J|_[.Oa_Q V OJI2Q\TO\ D T`J V I7Q0T V +GQ D OaJ ) G TkF7G W JIX_PN V NG A ;FKG<TkFKJ D vI7GQaQ V9W KF * QSJ D _P
K_[KGPO E T`F V NvF!Q\^_P| E _ NGQ>_$+J W\W G[OSG[I D G ) G[T
V NG Q E TFKGsTkFKJ D vI7GPQjQ VKW TF2GX_KG OJQ_ D Tk _P| * KQaGP
GPG[I!OaGP_PX_I2 D V T`G[O W`V +JI9 A \I Q V ^G
TkFKORGPG `+J G[I2QaJ V IK_P A5@ NTX_KG O E NG W JI2GP_Q
_ W JIXJT G .
TV
s_ fGsTF2Gs V +GP>_92GP_[O
FKG[U
QRNO W _ D G E FX_Q I V TkFKJ D vIKGQQpJITkF7G
D V 9NT`GPO A
}KJQaFKG[O
J|TFT`FKG
}KJQZF2G[O Ebcfcfe <
9GQ D OaJ ) GQ<_[I_PM V OaJTF9
V D _PT`J V I
OjGP|_T`J V I2QZFXJ7Q ) GPT
D OaGP_QaG'K_[T`T G[O\I
TkFKJ D vIKGQjQ ABC GG
_IK
GPG[I
fJIK
W _ D GQ A
VXW G _ D F
V
W`V U
T VW\V UT`F2G9_[KGPO<fJLNG[I
V NI9T`_PJI
G[L G[O E TkFKG_P V OaJTF9
V OLN_PUUG *
_IK
Q V G
U_ * G[OaJI
_ NGPQ<TkFKG_QjQ\+9T`J V ITkFK_[TTkFKG
J|U W`V W |_T E _[I7JQ V IX * D V OaORG D T WZV O<TFKG D _QaG
_ D ORG _QjGK_[TkT G OZI
F2G[ORGT`FKG K_[7G[O<FK_Q<I V
A Ab W`V O W NO\TF2G[Ox+JQ D QQaJ V I VKW TF2G D V 9G NJUT *BVKW Q\ D F_I _P V OaJTF9 A
) 4
(' ,$ 7, 4_OaT`JI _OjdIKG[O
_Q V I7G VXW TkFKG W JOSQ\T T V JI9TO V d D G Y
CfD JG[I9T`J W J Dg ^GPOaJ D _[I
_POZT`J D UGJI
c A
_PORdI7G[O E$bc .
GQaT G[O\IKGPOaQ<T VV OaJf_[^J2T`F9O V NvFFKJQ
I9fJI7GPG[OjQ E _PO D FKJTZG D TZQ E Q D JUG[IKT`JUQaT`Q_[I7
s_TkF7G[s_T`J D JU_[I7Q _OjG
JI9TOaJvKGP )+* TkF7G * Q\TZG[O * _I2 D V s9UG +JT * TkFK_[T&|JUGQ
JTkFKJITkFKG$QaJXG
Qj _POjG A ;(FKG * F9_[L G QZTkK+JUG5TFKG D FK_[OR_ D T`G[OaJQ\T`J D Q V9W G NJQ\T`JUI+ V OaJf_[^J2 V NG Q<_[I7 W\V fJI
V 7G[Oa_[T`J V I7Q A ;FKJQ>JI D K9GPQ _ D FK_[Oa_ D T G[OaJQS_T`J V I VXW T`FKG$_[I9fUGQ E W _ D GQ E Gd GQ _IK LNG[OZT`J D GQ VKW
V OaJf_[^J D OjG[_QjGX_TkT`GPOZI2Q A
W J|IKJT`G E2D V I9LNG E W`V d_ ) UG
4_G v_
_s_I2
;FKG[OjG_[ORGJ|I9T G[OjGQZT`JI
9+OSG *
_P V I ^_Q\T`O\_PJfF9T UJIKG
E I V I `QjG W `JI9T`G[OSQaG D T`J|I9^XU_[IKG
<_Qa_[FK_[OR_ Epbcf
A
C V ^G VXW TkF7GPQGs9O V 7G[OaTkJGPQFX_[LNG ) GPG[I
TkNOaIKG'JI9T V TF2G V ORGPsQ E ) NT2TkFKG[OSG#_OaGpQ\T`JUUd^_[I * NIX_I2Q
¦?<`Y c(* Q (;_"J0xF/}WX(HZ>j*:')O?"$0\@
_PKG[O W`V +JI9
JQs_!I V L GP
_IK
NG V ^G[TkO * A \I bc E
V
_[T`FKG[^_[T`J D _P
9O V 7G[O\T`JUGQ VKW _
V
G[I9T`GPOZT`_PJIXJI9
_ *
TV
NG V ^G[TkOaJ D 9O V D GQjQaGQ D _I ) G
G WZW G D T`G ) G[TkT G[O
V
Ebcdefe
G fXU_PJI7GP
_[I7
G[ORGv GQ\T`J V IKQ A
JI9TO V d D G
EKbcdefe l
9 ) |JQ\FKG'_ Qa^_P| )KV9V
) G V I7G'KQaJI V IK * _KG[I .IXJ W G_[I7X_2G[OQjv9_[ORGQ A
GsQ\F V
D FKJ|dOSG[I_[IK
_d TZQsT V
VXW fG V G[TkOaJ D G NG[O D JQaGQ0T V
GTkFK_[TBQ V G J V OaT`_I9T
J|TFK_[KGPO W`V +JI TkFK_[I
JUTkF^_ D V s9_QjQ_[I7
QaTkOa_PJ.F9TZGPdNG E T`FKG
QR _P+T V9V Q A } V O G N_[KUG E TF2G D V I7Q\T`O\ D T`J V I V9W ) JUQjG D T`J V IKQ V9W |JI7GQ _IK
_PI9fUGQ E KGPOZKG[I2+J D 9U_[OjQ0_I2$K_[Oa_PUGPUQ D _[I ) G ) 9JUT2GP_QaJ| * KQaJI V OaJf_sJ A
_
V
9O V LNJ+GQ0G[TF V 9Q W`V O WZV U+JI9_P|9TFKG
OjG[v9U_[O V * V I2Q E JI D M +JUI TFKG
I V IX_[ V I E V I
QSJI9fUGQj 9_OjG
Q\9s_T`J V I
VKW X_KG O A
V9W D G[OaTk_PJUI
g OaJTF9G[T`J DPE G V sG[TOaJ D
_[IK
FX_O\ V IKJ D
9O V .OjGQaQaJ V IKQ_[I7
_[ORJTkF9G[T`J D QjG[OaJUGQ'_OjGs9G[LNGP V 2GP E _Q'JQ$TkFKG D _P D 9U_[T`J V I
b
V9W
π
A
g
WZV U9GP
Q\F7GPG[T V9W K_[7G[OJ|UKQ\T`OZ_PT`GQ D V I D G[XT Q Q\ D F
_Q D V I .O\KG[I D G E Q * ^G TO * E QaJsJU|_OaJT * E
D V I D NOaORG[I D G VXW Q\TOa_PJM.F9T2UJI2GQ0_[IK D V U|JIKGP_POaJT *BVXW V JUI9T`Q A V IXJ D QaG D T`J V I2Q_[OjG D V I7Q\T`O\ D TZGP E
_BdNXUJ D _T`J V I V9W TFKG D ) G E _IK'_T`OaJQRG D T`J V I VKW TFKG#_I G JQ0_ D FKJG[LNG A
C G[LNGPOa_P V TFKG O^_[+TF V OjQ FK_[L GG f_PsJIKG
>G LdG U_[I7fJMLdG _Q * QaT`G[
_PI7
>UG[L9GPU_[IK Ebcfc
NG V ^G[TkO * VKW<V OaJf_[^J
VXWBV OaJM _[sJ D V I7Q\TO\ D T`J V I7Q'JI
A
GPORG[TZQ D FKU_NG[O
G[OjG[TZQ D FKU_[fGPO Epbcfc
+JQ D QQRGQ
A
D V I9L G
NG V ^G[TkO *
}KJQ\FKGPO Esbcfcfe A
JT`_ EXbcfc
D |J9G[_[I
}KJQ\FKG[OQ\F V
¦?<`<` B 1"T$ ©cT"A@/Q "+=\"T* Q J|T`_BFX_Q(9G LNGP V 7GP T`FKG< V QZT0 V
C V ^G
NG V ^G[T`OaJ D _P
JT`_NGQ D ORJ ) GQ_[I
TFX_T2JQQ\Ns_OaJQRG'JIT`FKG
D V IKQaTkO\ D T`J V I2Q
QaTkOa_PJ.F9TZGPdNG
_IK D V K_QjQ>_[ORG$Q\F V
W`V U V
D _[I9I V T
) G
D V IKQaTkOZ D T`J V I7Q
g D dG *
_PIK
TkF7G
TkFK_[T2KJG D G V9W K_[KG[O
_ NJ V _PT`J D
Q * Q\TZG[
VXWV OaJf_sJ
JI9QaG D T`J V I A
7G[O W`V Oa^GP
J|TF
| Ebcfcf ) A
TkFKG
Q\T`_[I7+_[OS
IT V) G
V QQaJ ) G
QaJI K_[KGPO W\V U+JI9 A ;F2G W JOjQaT W JLNG
_ NJ V ^Q D _[I ) GB V I7G
KQaJI9_Q\TkOa_PJ.F9TZGPdNG<_[IK D V K_QjQ E ) +TTFKG W JIK_PX_ NJ V %QZF V
V OaJf_[^Jf_PQ V FX_QlT`FKG> V
_IK
Q$T`F9_PT<J W TFKGsJIXJUT`J|_P&XJUG D G VKW
G[O W 2QaG[T V9WV OaJf_PJX_ NJ V Q
T V +_TZG
TkFK_[T
g D f *
TZGPOZsQ VKW s_TkF7G[s_T`J D Q
K_[KGPO0JQ D V I9L9G T`FKG[I^G LNG[O *BW _ D G JI_ W U_[T V OaJf_sJf V NG W`V +GP W O V
J|U ) G
TFKGNG V ^G TO *VKW 9_[7G[O W`V +JI9 A
G OlT V Q V L9G D ) J D Gv9_[T`J V I7Q A ;F+KQ
V ) UG TkFKG D ) G> QSJI9 V ORJM._PsJ A
Q>TFX_T
G D _I T`ORJUQG D TlTFKG
_[I9fG
_IK
1, >_I2 JL9G[I^T V V JIKT`Q
G D _[I W`V U _$UJ|IKG
p2
D V I9IKG D T`JI9BTkFKGP A
p1
1,
l
V I9T V
T V
JLNG[I
V JI9TZQ
'_[I7 G D _[I
W`V
p1
A
p2
1, )
9JMLdG[IT
V I9T V |JIKG
V UJIKGQ
p_[IK E
l1
W`V 5UJIKG
G D _[I
A
l2
1, 5
V JI9T
NJMLNG[I!_$
K_QjQSJI9BTkF9O
WZV U'KG[OZ7G[IK+J D 9U_[OlT V
1, ;
D _[I
JLNG[IT V V JI9TZQ
K
_ +G
#_I2_'UJIKG _
W`V U
TFX_TK|_ D
TkFKO V NvFTFKG V JI9T A
p1
G D _I^_ fG'_
V +.FTFKG# V JI9T A
<_[I7 _IK_UJI2G G
GPQ V I9T V _IK K_QQRGQ
l1
p1
p2
l1
1,
_PI7
K|_ D GQ
K
<_[I7 _IK5T V |JIKGQ TkFK_[TlXU_ D GQ V IXT V |JIKG >_PIK
JLNG[IT V V JI9TZQ
G D _I ^_ NG
_ W`V
V I9T V UJI7G
l1
l2
A
p1
p2
g
¦?<`<¦ § U5(HQ "7E * ,>2')?Z©cT"@Q "I
< 7 A
lD ORG _QjGpX_TkT`GPOZIJQ>_I * D OaGP_QaG<9_PTT`G[OZITkFK_[T D _I ) G W`V U9GPsJUI9T V _ ) _QaG'Q V TkFK_[T
_PUXU_ * G[OjQ VXW TkFKG ) _PQjGUJUG$J|I_ D V V IKU_[IKG
_Q0TkFKG V IKG JI}KJMvNOjG
(a)
U) &_PI+ E&bcfcfe A C V sG D ORG _QaG$9_PTkT G[OaIKQ E Q\ D F
(b)
) 4& 3 8 ( 8 12# 4 7 )6)&7! $ 2*2 )6 )$& +( 6) $* ) !+$ *3 14 1)4"/& !%& 6) $ )*!.&%$ * $& 6 8
(c)
9U29OjGPQjG[I9TZQ
_$^_[TF2G[^_[T`J D _PlQ\TkK *VKWV OaJ._PsJX G V G[T`O * E K_[OZT`J D |_Oa * V9W
V ORJMf_sJQ
TFX_T
_POjG W U_[T W`V +_ ) UG
VKW
V ORJMf_sJ A
A 9U Elbcfc
A
pJI
_I * I9N ) G[O VXW LNG[OaT`J D GQ A
;(_ d_FX_s_ EKbcf
7,
JUI TkFKG V OaG[ Q E JI D K+JI9$9O VKV9W Q E V9W V D _PN9O V KG[OZT`JGQ
;F7GPQjG5TFKG V ORG[Q^+GQ D ORJ ) GTkFKG9O V KG[O\TJGQ VXW TkFKG D ORGP_QGK_[TkT G OZI
_PO V NI75_QaJI fUGJUI9T`G[OaJ V O
LdG OZT`G
J|TF
G$G X V OjGPQ TFKG< V QjQaJ ) JUUJT`JGQ VKW _<.Oa_[9FTF2G V ORGPT`J D V +GP
9Uf9OjGPQjG[I9TZQ0TkF7G W`V U V
VKW _ W U_[T V ORJMf_sJ
EfD _I9I V T ) G W`V +G W _PT A
E
;F2GQaGsTF2G V ORG ^Q_PORG5_PQ V
1
4_ G f_
_ $
;FKG
I9N ) G O
+JUQ D KQjQaG
JI
B_QS_FX_Oa_!_[I7
_ Qa_ dJ EKbcdfc A
_
I9+ ) G[O VXW LN_P|UG *W`V U9Q ^GG[T`JI9$_TXL G[O\TZG
VKW _ W |_T V OaJf_sJ
JQpTkF7G D OaGP_QaG'K_[TTZG[O\I
F7G[OaG
V9W
V NI9T`_PJI
7JI5JQ0GPJUTkFKG[O
W\V +Q
V O
JUI Q
9U [ ;F2GI N ) G O VKW D OjGP_PQjGQ
^GG[T`JI9$_PT 2JQ0G[L9G[I A
A
TkFKG
1
| W
G
TFXJI
VKW _[I V OaJf_[^J D OjGP_QaGK_[TTZG[O\I!_Q _<vOR_[9F E TkFKGPI
G[L G[O *W |_T V OaJf_[^J D OaGP_QaG>K_[TTZG[O\IJQ
,
JQ
π
$_
)
$_
_PQa_ fJ W TkF7GpQ\+
π
HpI W`V O\TkNIK_PT`GP * E TkF7G[OaG_POaG$9O V9) UG[Q
JI
K_[TkTZG[OZI7Q
VKW TFKG#_PUT`G[OZIK_[TZG _PI UGQ0_ )KV TXLNG[OZTZG
I
JTkF V OaGTkFK_[I
JI
}KJMvNOjG
_ V IKG L G[OZT`G
G fTZG[IK+JI ^TFKGQaGTkFKG V OjG[ Q#f V+) _P| *
E
A
b f
A
_ D V I U G D TkNOaG
Qjv9_POjG
V QjQaJ ) *
V IK * J W
9U _PQ V
Q\F V
9U G
GPIK9QTkFKG$Q\Tk *
D V |UG D T`J V I
g
JTkF! V OaG$TkFK_[I V IKG<L G[O\TZG
D FL G[OZTZG JI !Qa_[T`JQ W JUGQ
TF2G b
JUJ 0
TkFKG
°
V OaJ._PsJf|JIKG>fOZ_P9F V9W JQ $
LNG[OZTZG
H4 J
JQ D V I7Q\TkOZ D T`G W O V
TFKG
D _[I G[I2GPOa_[T G_ W U_[T V OaJf_[^J2J W _[IK
D V I7+JT`J V I_[I7
DV
V NOa_ ) G
_Q W`V | V
Q
J|TF_[I_TkT`GP9T0_T
VXW D OSG _ QGUJIKGQsJI
FKGPOaG E
D OjGP_PQjG
Q T`F9_T$TkF7G[OaG G +JQ\TQ V GI V I
J
GP_
g I
JAG A T V
7. 7,$ } V OG N_[KUG E W`V O$TkFKGTkOa_+JT`J V IK_P W |_9XJI9 ) JOS
WZV U+_ ) G D ORG _QRG#K_[TTZG[O\I7Q0TkFK_[Tl_PORG
V D _PU *W`V d_ ) UG A
lJI
E TkFKG[I sNG[IKG[Oa_TZGQ0_ W |_PT V OaJf_[^J A
JQ
QaF V
JI
VKW TkF7G<_PT`G[OZIK_PT`G<_PI9fUGQ_ )KV 9T0LNG[OaT G
_ QS_ fJ ;F2G$Q\N
A
,
W _ D G D V V NOa_ ) UG A
b l
;FKG(L
J
J|J V
G LNGPO E
_I2
_[I7
_[ORG TkFKG D ORG _QaG UJ|IKGQ0JI
V D OjG _QRG#UJI7GPQ
l
;
G[OZT`J D GQ VKW
_[I7
W`V OZ
_OjG _P U _ D G[I9T2JI
_PIGd G#JI
A
J W _[I7 V I9 * J W
E _[I7
_[OjGI V T )KV TkF V NI9T`_PJI2QlI V O )KV TkFLN_PUG * Q A
9Us_PQ V
QZF V
Q
_
D OjGP_QaG
X_TkTZG[OZI
TFX_T
QS_T`JQ W JGPQ
D V IK+JT`J V IKQ
T`FKG
D V I U G D TkNOaG E ) NT0JQ>I V I WZV U+_ ) G A ;FXJUQp+JQ\9O V L GQ>TkFKG D O\ORG[I9T D V I U G D TkNOjG E _[I7
V9W
TkFKG
9UXfJLNGQ
_PIG N_[KGBQRNvNGQ\T`JI9TkFK_[T0JUT0JUQpv9JT`G+J W`W J D T0T V _9s_ D V IK+JT`J V IT`F9_PT V 9Us_ NG<TkF7G
D V I U G D TkNOaG TkOZ9G A
¦?<` -N"J14')( % "'¥"$0\@R10.OKF 4L"$0?@
5
] IKG NG V ^G[T`OaJ D F2G[NOaJQ\T`J D _XK|JUG'T V V ORJMf_sJ +GQSJ.I KQjGQ TFKG D G[I9T`OaGQ VXW I V I V L G[OaU_[9KJI
D J|O D GPQ>T V 9G[T`GPOZsJIKG
T`FKGpT`J2Q VKWW U_[7Q VKW TFKG ) _QjG A^C G[L G OZ_PK_[+TF V OjQ E JI D K+JI94_G f_
$_
_[FK_[T`_ E $_
_Qa_ fJ9_[I7 _[I9KQaG<_Q\T`J D
W Jv9ORG VKW TF2GpT`_[O\dG[TQ\FK_[KG E _[I7OaG[9OjGQaG[I9TlT`FKG
W |_P7Q V9W TFKG ) _QaG )+* I V I V LNG[OaU_[9KJ|I9 D JO D UGQ>_I2 V O D JUO D 9U_[O D V I9T V NOjQ
$_
_[FK_[T`_ EKbcfc
%$_ _QS_ fJ EKbcfdc
_ E
A
x_[I9 EKbcdc
e
g IsG N_ KG#JUQQZF V
4_G f_
IJI}XJvNORG
_ Elbcdc
e+A
A
E
B
F
B
E
F
A
B
B
B
C
C
C
G
G
C
H
D
D
)+( 8 6) )6'( )64 /$4, ) !33 $&+2251!) $3 & ( ! ! 1 )( () 4)34 !#8
(a)
(b)
7
W _$9_PTT`G[OZI V9W I V I V LNG OR|_9XJI9 D JUO D GQ EKD G[I9TOjGPQ
_POSG#U_PJU V 9T V I^_BQ\FKGG[T VXW K_[KG[O E TkF7G[ITkF7G[OaGpJQ_P
JUI9T V _ W |_T V OaJM _[sJ
JI2Q
E
JTkF W U_[7Q V9W UG[I9.TkF
E
_ * Q_
E
E Oa_P+JUJ
E
_ *V9W0W`V +JI TkF7G#K_[KG[O
F V QaGT`JUKQ D V OaORGQZ V I2sT V TF2G$ V JI9TZQ
A
;F7G JO D V I U G D TkNOaGpJUQ
H
C
JI7Q EKbcdcfe _[TT`G[XT Q T V 9O V L G#TFKG D V I G D TkNOjG W`V O_B+GQSJ.I K_ D NGP
_PI7'JI V JI Q V E KO V LNJU9GPQ ) G[TkTZG[O KQZT`J W J D _T`J V I W\V O&_ ) GP|JG W JITkFKG 9O V V QaJT`J V I A
_BQaG[T V9W T`ORJ|_I v |_OlT`J|GPQ
FXJ D F_[OSG( G[I7G[Oa_[T G ) *
9GQ D OaJ ) GQQ\KG D J|_PvKU_ D GPsG[I9T VXW TkF7GQaG T`J|GQ
FKJ D F
JUTkF D JO D UGQ E
G<NGQaJvI7Q
V JIXJI9TkFKG D G[I9TkORGQ VKW X_ D fG D JO D UGQ E _IK
JU|fv9_POZ_PI9T`GG TkFK_[T24_G v_
_ Q0TkFKG V OaG[
F V 9Q'_TBG L G[O * L9G[OZTZG
QaJ T`_[I7G V Qa * A
V
G LNGPO E JT<F9_Q ) GPG[I
D _I ) G V D _P| * W`V +_ ) UG W |_T>_I2!Qa_[T`JQ W * 4_ G f_
D OaGP_QaG$X_T`T`G[OZI
_PI7QST`JUUXI V T ) G W`V U+_ ) G E Q V TF2G9O V9VKW JQ<JI D V XUGPT`G A
D J|O D GPQ
_[OR+IKG[O EKbcdc
Q\F V
I
TFX_T$_[I
_ Q<TkFKG V OjG[
_[OjfIKG[O<_PQ V
G[L G[O *
V OaJf_sJ
FKG[OjG E
+JQ D KQjQaGQ
T`_I dG[I9T
A
¦?<`d FS'02 G)WPU % U/( *
4 V d |_O V OaJM._PsJ< QaGQ5^_[I *
Q\F7GPG[TZQ VKW K_[7G[OT V NG[TFKG OT V
D OaGP_[T GLf_PORJ V Q5fG V G[TkOaJ D
WZV O\ Q AC JI D Gp V ORG
TkFK_[I V IKGpXJG D G V9W 9_PKG[OJQ JI9L V L G E V I2G D _[I!_PQ V G 2G[OaJ^G[IKT
D V V NO$X_TkTZG[OZI2Q A
9UG fX V ORGQ$TkF7G ORG U_PT`J V I7Q\FXJ
TkF7G V O * E _[I7QSF V
Q0F V
VXW V d |_O V OaJf_sJT V
TFKG
QZTkK *V9W GP_ D FKO V LNJU9GQ0JI7QaJM.F9T V ITkF7G V TkF7G[O
JTkF
K|_IX_O'vOR_[9F
9U EXbcfcfe A
) 3 8 14 !3" 3) #&7 )3#! 8 * ' (a)
(b)
4_I * V d |_O W`V U9QXO V d D G Q\TZG U_PT`G
bcfc
_Q$JI
K NO NG
}KJvNOaG
J|T_[IK g OZI2QZT`GPJ|I E&bcdc
E OjGQ\9T`JI9JI_
W _ D G V9W TFKG>XU_[IK_[OlfOa_9F
V O D _P9KG
V * FKGP+Oa_
<_Qa_FX_Oa_ Ebcff <}9KQaG E
Ag I * V * FKGfOa_ D _I ) GG ) G+9GPJITkFKG$XU_[I7G E
D
VKW TFKGsQ V UJ A
JU| ) G#_(TkOaJU_[I9fUG A
G[I D G(G L G[O * LNG[OZTZG
fOa_9FFK_Q+G[vOjGPG TF9OaGG A
} V O D _[97GP V * FKGdOa_ E G[L9G[O *
VKW TkF7Gpd9_P V9W TFXJQ0XU_[IK_[O
,
^_ NJ N
;F7G[I @ O V9V
5
@ O V9V
g
LdG OZT`G 9G[vORGG#JQ
Q>; FKG V OjG[
D V
fOZ_P9FJQ LdG[O\TZG
V O\_ ) UG
JUI
TkFKOaGG
D V V 9ORQ5J W JTZQ
E 9IKUGQQ0JT7JQlTkF7G>T`G[T`Oa_FKGfO V I A
TZG UUQ# Q<TkFK_[TTkFKGd9_PlJQ
TFXORGPG L G[OZT`G
TkFK_[TpTFKG V ORJMfJUI9_P0KU_[IK_[O$vOa_9F E _IK
DV
V NOa_ ) G A ;FXJQ
9O V L GQ
TF QTFKG D _9KG V * FKGdOa_ ED _I
) G W _ D G D V V +ORG
KQaJUI BTFXORGPG D V V NOjQ A
) 3 8 4 * 4 # #8 )3!%4& 3 ! & 7)6
(a)
(b)
}KJ|IK_PU * E
|!Q\NvNGQ\TZQ
V * FKGdOa_ E Q V G>IKG
) )
TFX_T
) *
G f_P^JIXJI9
TkF7G
D V V 9OaJI9NQ
V9W
JUIKQSJ.FXTKT V TF2G W _P V 9Q>} V O0 V V Oz;F7G V ORG[
V OaJM _[sJ D _P9KG
^JM.F9T ) G `W V N
I2 A
1,$7 "1, -( 2&4(',$
V 9+T`_T`J V IX_P&_PM V OaJUTkF9 Q W`V O V OaJM _[sJNGQaJvI
;F2G C G D V I7
TkF7Gs|JT G Oa_TkNOaG A
_OjG OR_[OjGsJI
\IKT`G[OZIX_T`J V I9_P94 GG[T`JI V I!]OaJf_[^J CfD JG[I D G_PIK CfD JG[I9T`J W J D ]OaJf_[^JXJQ _< V9V Q V NO D G W`V O
V OaJf_[^J0_PTkFKG[^_[T`J D Q$_[IKNG V ^G[T`O * A
V I2QaJ+G[Oa_T`J V I
V IK * G[G[O\ GsOjG D G[IXT` * E I V T`_ ) *)+* @ G[OZI_[I7
_I EXbcfcfe A
c
VXW D V +9T_PT`J V IX_P_P V OaJTkF9 QFK_Q
_ * GQp_[I7 x_[I9
@ G[OZI_[I7
_ * GQ E>bcfcfe
¦?<¦Y % U5( -5* Q W/'T(#=\"T * ,>G'}?.©cT"A@P1Q "
@ G[O\I^_[I7
_ * GQ>JI9L GPQaT`J f_PT`GpTkF7G
9O V+) G[
WZV U+_ ) G E _[I7'_[I7Q
VKW 9G[T`GPOZsJIKJ|I+J W _pfJLNG[I D OjG[_QjG
K_[TT`GPO\IJQ W U_PT
G[O0TF9OaGG>LNG ORQaJ V IKQ V9W TFKG
vKGQ\T`J V I
}KJv9ORG
V OaJG[I9T`_[T`J V I7Q<_[I7 V LNGPOaU_[
JQ$GP_Q * E _[IKfJL G _|JIKGP_PO TJG
TkFK_[T_QjQaJM.I7Q> V NI9T`_PJI!_[I7 L+_PUUG *V OaJG[I9T`_T`J V IKQT V T`FKG D OaGP_QaGQ
_I29G[T G OZsJIKGQ
_PI V L G[Oa|_ V OjNG O
L G OZT`G
_ * GQ E7bcdcfe A }KJ|ORQ\T E TkF7G *
9G[TZG[OZsJIKGTkFK_[T V D _P W U_[T W`V +_ ) JU|JT *!V9W _ D ORG _QjGK_[TkT G OZI
_P V OaJT`F9
@ G[OZI_[I7
A }KJIX_PU * TkFKG * Q\F V
c
W`V O W U_[7Q A
V OjNG[O
f V9) _PU *
G fTKTkF7G * Q\F V
T`F9_PT2JT2JQ
(b)
\I!9Oa_ D T`J D G E _$K_[KG[O W`V NG O D _[I
D V KUJ D _TZGP
V
JTkF V OjGTFX_I
V I7G
D V KG[T G A
) 3 8 & $ *&) *) ! )( !# 4 !
2* 3 )$ $23'& * /& #! # 4 _QjQaJM.I
TFX_T
fJL G[IsTkF7G< V D _[T`J V I_PIK V ORJUG[I9T`_[T`J V I7Q VKW _P| D ORGP_QaGQJ|I^TkFKG
(a)
GP KJOaJ D _P+ G _I2Q A
J A G A E W`V OB_ D ORG _QjG'K_[TT`GPO\I
K_[TkTZG[OZI E QaJ|K *$W JI7+JI _[I V LNGPOa|_ V OjNG[O0JQ
D V KUG[TZG#T V
(c)
W JI7sTkFKG'_QjQaJvI9 G[I9TZQ V9W D OjG[_QjGQ V I_ D OaGP_QaG$X_TkTZG[OZI )9*
G L G[O E V IX * T`FKG
V Q\TG f7G[OaJUGPI D G V OaJf_[^JQ\TJQ D _X_ ) UG VKWW`V +JI
V NG Q W O V
TkFKG D OjG[_QjGsX_TkT G OZI
V IX * A
] ORJMf_sJJI2QZT`O\ D T`J V I2Q_[OSG5KQ\9_PU *
9OjGQaG[I9TZGP_Q<_QRGvKG[I D G VXW(W`V +JI QZTZG[2Q$_[IK+JU_[vOa_Q AC V G _[NTkF V OSQfJL G V IX * TkFKG
D OaGP_QaG
+Oa_
K_[T`T`G[OZI
JI D K+JI9
V NI9T`_PJI
_PIKLN_P|G *
A
JI9 VKW TFKG W JIKJQ\F7GP$ V +GP
I9NGP EKbcfc
_QjQaJM.I9G[I9T Q
_I2
_
9F V T V vOa_9F
V O
@ G[O\I
_[I7
JUI D M +JI9
D ORG _QaGX_T`T`G[OZI + ( -,
W Q V E F V
F V
s_I * U_ * G[OjQ
V ORJMf_sJ
V
Q V ^G
U_ * G[OjQ0TkFKJ D
D V XUGPT`G
JQ
D _PUGP
W |_T W`V +_ ) JU|JT * A
W`V O
QG W 9 D V T`_[T`J V IK_P+_P V OaJTFX
V * V I E _I2F V
TFXJ D
) G[T`GPOZsJIKG E W`V O_ fJLNG[I D OjG[_QjG
K_PTkT G OZI E J W T`FKG[OjG<G NJUQaT`Q>_ W U_[T
FXJ D FsJQ_[T2 V Q\T
`U_ * G[O
LdG OZT`G !
JU|vTF2G V OaJM _[sJ ) G TFXJQ0KO V+) UG[
≥
A<@ G[OZI_PIK
vE )
NT
_ * GQ OjGPd D T`J V I!Q\F V
FK_[Tl_ )KV 9T
=6
9O V+) G[ Q
TFKGQSJUF V KGPTkT`G V9W _ W |_T V OaJv_P^J jQ<G[LNG[O * QaJKUG' V * V I
¦?<¦<` -5*QXWB¥"T*0G1'\c'{@P* }" UVQ ,4*b©¡)"@/Qx" (14"@G0
g
V 2G[I
QRNv GQ\T G
^_[I * +J W\W GPOaG[I9T W U_[T V OaJv_P^JQ'_PORG TF2G[ORG W`V O'_fJMLdG[I
s_I * D ORG _QjGPQ$_POaGI7GPGNG W`V O$_[I
!+
-,
JTkF
+
-,
_ * GQ D V I D KNGTkF7G JOJI9L GQ\T`Jf_T`J V I
D _PUG
JI_KO V .Oa_[
K_[TkTZG[OZIsTFX_T W`V 9Q W _PT&JI9T V _ ) _QRG
WOV
QTkFK_[T
'T V e ;FKJQ>JQ
W`V O V OaJf_[^J9NGQaJvI^JQ )9* _[I9_[I7 JUQ JXUG[ G[I9T`G JI
$J / _I Ebcdcfe A
;FKG
9O V vOa_
+GQaJM.I7Q5_
D OaGP_QaG
JUTkF_I * +GQaJOjGP I99 ) G[O V9WW U_[7Q VKW _O ) JT`OZ_PO * G[I9.TkF A
4 V Q\T VKW T`FKG D ORG _QRG<_QQaJvI9^GPI9T`Q _PORG_PQ V fJML G[I A ;FKG W`V +G[O KQaTx9G[T`G[Oa^JIKG<TkF7G<OjGPQaT V9W
TkF7G D OjGP_QaG _QjQaJM.I9^G[I9TZQ E _[IKF V
T V TkOR_[I7Q W`V OZ
TkFKG D ORG _QRGs9_PTkT`G[OZIJI9T V
GP 9FK_PQaJQjGPQ>TkFK_[T&TkF7G[OaG$JQI V TFXJI9JI9FKGPOaG[I9TJUITkFKG$_PM V OaJ|TF9
_ ) _QRG A
_I
TkF9_[T V 9
U fJL G_QRGvKG[I D G
VKWW`V U+JI9QZTZG[2Q A \I W _ D T E ^_[I *VXW TkF7G
OjGPQ\9UT`JI9 ) _QaGQ D _I9I V T ) G W`V NG V IKG D OjG[_QjG_T_
T`JG9JI7Q\TZG _ E _PU99OjG D OaGP_QaGQ> Q\T ) G$s_P9G_[IKTkFKG[I ) O V NvF9TT V dG[TkFKGPO
_T V I D G Ag Q V E
b
TkF7G<ORGQ\9T V9W TkFKG$_P V OaJUTkF9
JQ _ ) _QaG E _PIK I V T0TFKG W JIK_P W JM.+OSG A \TJQ>NT V TkFKG W`V NG[O T V
_9$TkF7G 9G[T`_PJ|Q VKW TFKG# V 9GP A
;F7G<_PM V OaJTkFK
JUQ ) _PQjGP V I_BQjG[T VXW s_[TF2G[^_[T`J D _PK+G W JIKJT`J V IKQ V9W _[I V OaJf_sJ ) _QaG<_I2_[I
_ ) Q\TkOa_ D T`J V I VKW TFX_T NG W JIXJT`J V I T V TkF7G'TkORGG'.Oa_[9F
VXW _ ) _QaG A x_[I9!NG W JI2GPQ$QjG[LNG[Oa_P V TkFKG[O
KQjG W GP_PQ\9ORGQ
) _QG
VKW
TkF7G
9O V 7G[O\T`JUGQ
VKW
TFXJQ
_[IK
J|T Q
T`OaGPG
.Oa_9F E
JUI D M +JI
9O V G D T`_ ) J|UJUT * EfD V XG[T`G[I7GQjQ END V I9IKG D T`GdIKGQjQ0_[I7 V OaJUG[IKT`_ ) JU|JT * A
) 5
1,$76=1,$ 1 2& 7+-* '
¦? Y FGE(\6T"T* B MP*;}L
5
4 V NG U|JUI+!_ W`V +GKJG D G V9W X_2G[OBs_ * QjGPG[
|J NG _TOaJL+JU_P0T`_ Q E ) NTBTkFKG[OjGs_OaGQjG[LNG[Oa_P
V+) Q\T`_ D GQ0T V D OaGP_[T`JI9_pOaGP_PUJQ\T`J DPE _ DD NOa_[T G
V 9GP A ;FKGQjGpJI D KNG# V +GP|UJUI TFKG<TkFKJ D vI7GPQjQ
_PI7 T`G fTkNOjG V9W TkFKG<K_[7G[O E V 9G UUJI I V I kKU_[IK_[OpQ\NO W _ D GPQ
TkF9_PT_[ORJQaGd+ORJI W`V +JI9 E _[I7
s_PJI9T`_PJIKJI9TFKG V Oa9G[O VKW |_ * G[OSQ'JI
VKW
KJG D GQ
D V ^G O D J|_PQ VXW T
_[ORG
_ W _PT W\V U9GP
_OjG
+JORG D T` *
_PIKJs_[T`J V I V9W2V OaJf_[^J A ;FKGQRG#_PORGp+GQ D OaJ ) G ) GP V
A AbvAb ] OaJU+_PJ
V +GP A
]IX * TkF9ORGGsK_[KG[OSQ _I2T V
TV
ORGP|_T`G
D V ++TZG[O
V +GPU|JI9
_PIK
A
_ * J|IX C JUsKU_PT V O
4J * _ P _ fJKG[T&_P A FX_[LNG+GQaJM.IKGs_[I7sJ KUGPsG[I9TZGPs_I V ORJMf_sJ `9|_ * JUI9QaJU 9U_[T V O JIL+JUOZTk9_P
QaX_ D G
4J * _ _ dJ9_I2 V TF2G[OjQ Elbcfcfe A \T0JI D M +GQ W`V +JI + E ) G[I7+JI _I2 D NO\LNJUI V9W TkFKG
K_[KGPO E _I2KQaGQ>_p9F * QaJ D _PU * ) _ QGP V 9G Ag QTkFKG
KQjG[O_[IKJ |_TZGQ>TFKGLNJUO\Tk _P9X_KG O(JT
JQ D V I9T`JI9 V Qa * +G W`V Oa^G_PIK N7+_[T G V ITkFKG$Q D ORGPG[I A
V
G[L G[O E TkFKGPJO JUXUG[ G[I9T`_[T`J V I
JQ'|J^JTZGPT V
V OjG
V I7G
TFX_I
) _QaJ D T * KGQ VXWpV OaJM._PsJ W`V 9QQaJI D GQaJ9T`_[IKG V 9Qs_[IKJ99U_[T`J V I
D G[OZT`_PJI
V JI9TsJQI V T V QjQaJ ) UG
W 9IK+_[ G[I9T`_PNQ\TkK *BVXW Q VKW T
TkFKGPJO V 9G A
JI
;(FKG[J|OJKUG[G[I9T`_T`J V I
A AbvA ] OaJU+_PJ g I2JUs_PTZJ V I W O V
G *NW Oj_P GvQ
g .9J7G[T_P A FK_[LNG+G[L9GP V KGs_<^G TF V V9W XO V d D JI9_[I_IXJ^_[T`J V I
+_T`_ ) _QaGQ
JQ_
_[ORGp+G[L9GP V 9G[I9T7JI LNJOaTk _PfOaG[_PUJT * A
) _QaG V I
VKW
g v J+_[IK V TFKG[OjQ E2bcf
V9W _[I
V OaJf_sJK V +GP
A ;FKG<^G[TkF V D ORG _TZGPQ KJ D Tk9ORGQ ) G[T
NG *W Oa_^GQ VXW TF2G W`V U+JI 9O V D GPQjQ0_ DPD V Oj+JI9<T V TkFKG V ORJM._PsJfO\ UGQ A
V
GPG[I
G[LNGPO E +G *W Oa_[ GPQ
Q\T ) G>9O V L+J+G )+* FK_[IK E _IK'_POaG>LNGPO * +J W`W J D 9TKT V +GQ D OaJ ) G A
A AbvA
] OaJU+_PJ _PIXfK_PNG
}KJQaFKG[O$FK_Q+G[L G V KG
V OaJf_[^J V 9GPQ
_^|_I .9_[ GQ * I9T`_
}KJQ\F7G[O E!bcfcfe A
G
W`V O+GQ D ORJ ) JI9TFKG W`V U+JI9
QjGv9G[I D GQ VXWW |_T
_PM V OaJTF9Q
QaTkO\ D Tk OaGQ
9ORGQjG[I9TZQ
_[I7
f_PTk_
W`V O
KGPO WZV O\^JI V OaJf_sJ V KG[Oa_[T`J V I7Q E _[I7'+JQ D QjQjGQ0^_[I * JQjQ\9GQJI L V L9GPJI QSJI9 D V ^ NT G[OjQ
TV
VV OaJM _[sJ A
GNGQ D OaJ ) GQ _K_[OZT`J|_PpJKUG[G[I9T`_[T`J V I
V9W _ D V 9NTZG[O9O V fOZ_P
G[IKT`G[OaJI9^_[I7G NG D +T`JI9^JI2QZT`O\ D T`J V I2Q fJML G[IJI!TkF7G'U_[I9v9_[ G A
V
W`V O
G[LNGPO E QaG L G[Oa_PK V OaT`J V I7Q
VKW TkF7G |_I v _[fG _OjG>I V T2JKG[^G[IKT`G'd G>T V TF2G(+J WZW J D 9UT *
VXW TF2G9O V+) G[ Q A
A AbvA
_P2GO g IXJU_ YV O NQaF V
$JUTkT * FX_
C VXW T
YV O +QZF V
_[LN_PJU|_ ) G V I!
) 9JUT JI V +GPQ
_OaG
\I DvA FK_Q9G[LNG V 7GP
] 4
_I
$JT`T * FX_
V ORJMf_sJ9O V vOa_ E
Ebcfc
A ;FKGKO V .Oa_[
_[KG[O
g IKJs_P
9OjGQaG[I9TZQ<QaG[L G[Oa_P
JTF _KQaG W E D V IXTO V |U_ ) UG _[IKJ|^_[T`J V IJUI9T`G[O W _ D G A ;F7G
JI9TZG[O W _ D GpJI D K+GQ_
+JQSK_ *VKW TkFKG D OjG _ QjG<X_TkTZG[OZI E TFKG
V 9G E T`FKGQaG[T V9W W`V +JI9^JI2QZTkO\ D T`J V I2Q E _PIXJ^_[T`J V I
_PI7 D _^G Oa_ D V I9T`O V E _[I7TkF7G<_ ) J|UJT * T V 9OaJI9T&TkFKG D ORG _QaG$9_[TT`GPO\I^T VW`V | V
JUI2Q\TO\ D T`J V I7Q A NO\L GPQ\9O W _ D GQ _[ORGI V T&OjG[9OaGQjG[I9T`G A \TJQ#_I!G
V OaJf_[^Jl V 9GPQ
9QaJUI _[IKJs_T`J V I A
fJL G I
V 9GPQ E _I2I V
G[_PIKQ TFX_T0I V I7G
JI9TZG[OR_ D T`J V I
_P V I9
JTkF
JTFTkFKG
D GP|UG[I9TT V9V W`V O TZGP_ D FKJI
H(I W`V OZTkNIX_TZG * E TkFKG' QG[OBJQ V IX * _P| V
G5T V
W`V UTkFKG
TF2GsLNJO\Tk _P V ORJMf_sJ V +GP>JQ'9O V LNJU9GP A
;FXJQ
W`V 9Q V O D ORG _QRGQ D _I ) G'_N9GP5T V _PI * V9W TF2G$ V NG Q E _PIK V IK * TkF7G
9O V fOR_[^G[O D _[I D OaGP_[TZG<IKG
V +GPQ>KQaJI9T`FKGPJOpQ * QaT`GP Ag TTZG[9TZQ>FX_[L G ) GG[Is_ 9G<T V
W J|IK+GPT`_PJUUQ _ )2V NT2TkF7G sG[TF V ' QaG W`V O V +GP|UJ|I9K_[7G[O>JI^TkFKGPJ|O(Q * Q\T`G[ E ) +T $JTkT * FK_
V GQ
I V TlQjGPG[
A AbvA T V FK_[LNG>^_+G>TFXJQ0JI W`V ORs_[T`J V I_[LN_PJU|_ ) G A
* 7G OSs_PsJ
* KG OR _sJ2JQ
_ D V NT G O 9O V vOa_
TF9_PT _PU V
Q<TFKG'KQjG[OpT V V +J Wt* T`F9ORGG \fJ|^G[I7QSJ V IK_P
V * FKGdOa_$_IKsTkFKG[I_[ T V ^
_[T`J D _P| * G[I2G[Oa_T`GQ TkF7G D V O\ORGQS V IK+JI9
! H
kA ;F7G ZW V U +JI
IKGPT0JQ>_pT V \+J^G[I7QaJ V IX_P+L G[OjQaJ V I VKW TF2G
JMLNG[I^ V * FKG+O V I E J A G A TkFKG$Q\FK_[7G *.V NG[TJ W
*.V
D 9T _P V I9!Q V ^G VKW T`FKGGd GQ<_I2 V KG INTF2G' V * F7GP+O V IT VW U_[TTZG[I
+A
K_[KGPO0_Q0JI}KJMvNORG
JT V I
_XJG D G V9W
(a)
(b)
3$ & ) )63 8 8& & + )3!%4& ! & )6
* KG OR _sJ9_PU V
QTkF7G
QG[OT V V +J Wt* TFKGfJL G[I V * F7GPdOa_ )+* LN_POaJ V KQ>TOa_[I7Q W`V O\^_[T`J V I7Q
JUI D M +JI9 Q\T`OaG[T D FKJI9s_P V I9^_[I_ NJQ E TkO\NI D _T`JI L G[O\T`J D GQ V O D _XKJI W _ D GQ A ;FKG'9QjGPO D _PI
_PQ V 9G D V Oa_T`G>TF2GOjGPQ\9UT`JI Q\FX_KG _[I7'9OaJI9TlTkFKG W`V +JI IKG[T V Is_ D V V O09OaJI9TZG[O A ;F7G IKG[T
JQ>TkF7G[I D NT V +T&_[IK_QQRG ) UG AC G L G[Oa_P G N_ KUGQ VKW
V I
T`FKGPJO
OjGPQjGP_[O D F
Q * QZTZG[
;F7G
G )
X_[ GQ
QaJ|T G V O<F9TkT F9T`T _[T
* KGPOa_[^Jd9O V fO\_P
9+OSG * _ g
V GQ0I V T E F V
+GQaJM.I!Q * Q\TZG[
* KG[Oa_[sJ7Q D 9U9TkNOjGPQ D _I ) G'QjGPG
A D Q AD V V Oa_ V A GPd >G[JQaGPI ) G _ fF * KG OZf_[^J A F * KG[O\f_sJ A D V JQ0_[LN_PJ|_ ) UG W OaGG VKW D FX_PO`NG W`V O V
_ D V s^G[O D JU_PQaJTZG A
IX V _P W O V
G[LNGPO E _P| V
TkFKG
* 2G[OR _sJ
;FKG
T`FKG>OaGQaGP_[O D F^QaJT`G fJLNG[I_ )KV L9G A
T`FKG> QaG O&T V^W`V UL+JOZTk9_PfK_[7G[O A \T0JQ
W`V OX_2G[O(Q D 9KTk+ORG A 4_PI9J |_PT`J V I7Q D _[I V IK *) G V I7G V I
TkF7G
9O V L+J+G V * FKGdOa_ E Q V T`Oa_ +JT`J V I9_P V ORJMf_sJ D _IXI V T ) G
ORG _PUJQRG
Q * QZTZG[ A
JTFTkF7G
* KG OR _sJ
¦? <` ( '?(ObD( 5
OaGP|_T`JML GP *
C JUI D G
QaKG D J W J D _P| * E V O
UJT`T`UG V O
WOV
F9_Q ) GPG[I
V I2G
V I
V +GP|UJI
W`V +GXJUG D G
_
QjG LdG[Oa_P V TFKG[O_POaGP_Q VXW D V 99TZG[O
O\_P9FKJ D Q_[I7' V 9GP|UJI s_ *B) G
V9V NGP'_T W`V O0ORG W GPORG[I D G ABC V G VXW TFKGQjG _[ORGP_Q0_[OjG 9GPQ D OaJ ) GP ) GP V
A A Ab
VXW 9_2G[O
A
V * V Is GvQaF
V * V IX_P9 V 9GP|UJI JQ#_ D V V IT V KJ D JI D V ^ NT`G[OfOa_[9FKJ D Q A 4 V Q\T D NOZOaGPI9T0ORGQGP_[O D F
WZV D QGPQ
_PU V
V I%G W\W J D JUG[IKT
_ * Q
TV
TFKGI ) G[O
JI D ORGP_QaG
VKW
V * V I7Q
D V 9NT`_[T`J V IK_P| *
_ ) UG#JUI_> V 9GP E V O
V +GP|UJI9Q\ V9V TkF^Q\+O W _ D GQ A
;9O 9GQ D OaJ ) GQ>_p^G[TkF V VXW D ORG _T`JI Q\NO W _ D G< V +GPQ _PTxQaG L G[Oa_PKG LNGPQ VXW 9G[T`_PJU W O V
V OaJfJIK_P+ V * V IX_P +GQ D OaJ9T`J V I VXW _pfJML G[I V+) U G D T ; 9O Elbcfc
TkF7G< V * V I9_P7Q\9O W _ D G$_[NT V ^_PT`J D _PU * JUI!_
A
_[I
G$ V GQ>TkFKJUQ )+* OSG TJ|UJI
_ * TFX_T>JQ W _PJUTkF W 9KT V)KV TFTFKG G V G[TO * _[I7
TkF7G<T V V V *VXW TFKG V ORJMfJIK_P7QRNO W _ D G A@ * G N_[^JIXJI9TkF7G<sGPTkF V 9Q>;NO KQaGQ>T V _ D FKJUG L G
TkF7G>ORG kT`JUUJI E
G D _I GP_[OZI _ )KV NTl+JOSG D T2_PIXJ99U_[T`J V I VKW V * V I^GQ\F7GPQ A
}99OZTkF7G[O V O <FK_Q ) GPG[Is V IKG V I^+JUOaG D T2s_IXJ99U_[T`J V I VXW ^GQ\FKGQ E ) +T7I V T
JUITkFKG
_ * TFX_T
V ) G>KQjGP W`V O& V 9GPU|JI9$K_[KGPO A \I V Q\T D _QjGPQ E TF2G V * V Is^GQ\FsJQ0KQaG'T V +G W JIKG
_ ^_P|UGP_ ) G E Q\T`ORG[T D FX_ ) UGBQRNO W _ D G A ;FKGBQR O W _ D G VXW _ KJUG D G V9W K_[7G[OQ\F V 9_[9KGP_[OT V FK_[LNG
I V
Q\TOjG[T D F
GPQZF2GQ E
_[TB_P| Ag U|_I
GPT
_P A 9OjGQaG[I9T$_^G[TkF V
F7G[OaG _pQaJI9fG>LNG[ORT`G $s_ *p) G> V LNG
e
W`V O+JORG D TBs_[IKJ99U_[T`J V I
V9W V * V I
JTkF V 9T7_PT`G[OaJI9$TFKG>T V V V *BVXW TkF7G#^GQ\F
g UU_[I
_[IK
V TkFKG[OjQ Epbcffc A
;FXJQ V
G[O W 9T G D F9IKJ G5JQ'KQjG W 9 W`V OQZ V9V TFX * Q D 9T`JI
Q\9O W _ D GPQ E ) +TKI V T2_Q0G W`W G D T`JL G W`V O W`V U+J|I9BTkFKG[ A
g I V TFKG O$^G[TF V
TkF7GPJO<K_[7G[O
W`V OQ D 99T`JI9! V * V IK_PQRNO W _ D GQ'JQ+JQ D QjQaG )+* @ JUU>_IK
@ JU|&_[I7
V fFX_ E(bcfc
A
;FKG * 9GQ D OaJ ) G _ Q * QaT G[
W`V O9GQaJM.IKJI
V fFX_JUI
W OaGG W`V O\
V * V IK_PK V +GPQ#KQaJI9L+JOZTk9_PzQ D 99T`JI9T VXV UQ
_I2s GQ\F OaG W JI7G[^G[I9T V KG[Oa_T`J V IKQ A ;F7G
KQjGPO D V I9T`O V Q$_ LNJOZTk9_P&T V9V
JI _LN_[ORJUG[T *VKW
GPQZF
_ G V G[TkORJ D V+) U G D T $T V
QaF E 99U_[I7
+G W`V OZ
T`FKGsJIXJT`JU_P
_ * Q A ;FKGKQjG[O ^_ * _PQ V ORG W JIKG'T`FKG$^GQZFT VV+) T`_PJI V ORG NG T_PJ| A
;FKJQG[TF V JQ LdG[O * G W\W G D T`JLNG W`V O QZ VKV TkF E Q V UJ V +GPQ E ) +T V GQI V T_[KX * +JOaG D T` * T V
V NG UUJI _pQ\F7GPG[T VKWlW`V +GK_[KG[O A
HpIK|J NGTFKG V * V I GQ\F J KUGPsG[I9T`_T`J V I2QB+GQ D OaJ ) GFKG[ORG E _XJUG D G VKW OjGP_P2X_KG[O$ V GPQ
I V T K
G[O D GPJL+_ ) * Q\TkORGPT D F V O D FX_I G$JI!QSJG V O(Q\FK_[7G A j+GP_PU * E
G D _IJ^_[fJIKG
TF2GpX_KG O
_Q _$QaJXUGpXU_[IK_PO V * V I E Qa_ * E _Qv9_OaG A$g QT`FKG
KJG D G V9W X_2G[OJQ W`V U9GP E JTJQp+JMLNJU9GP
JUI9T V QG[K_[OR_[T`G$ORG fJ V I7Q
D _P|UG W _ D GQ
)9* TkFKG D OjGP_PQjGQ
D _P|GPGPdNGPQ A 4_I *VKW TkFKG W _ D GQ JI
g
TkOR_+JT`J V IX_PvK_[7G[O W`V +JI _[ORG>T`OaJU_[I9v9U_[O E _PIK V Q\T2_PORG D V I+LNG
Q\7G D J|_Pp V * V I
GPQSF
QjGPG[QUJ NG
_ OjG[_Q V IK_ ) G
_ *
A
TV
V 9GP<K_[KGPO A
g
QaJ KUG
* IK_[sJ D V * V I^GQ\F V ) G_ ) G$T V OjG[9OjGPQjG[I9TTkF7G D ORG _QRGK_[TTZG[O\I_I2s V QaJT`J V I VKW
TkF7G$X_KG[O<JI
ZQ\K_ D G A
TkF7G<K_[KG[O E I V O>_PU V
V
G L G[O E TFXJQ$QaJXUG' GQZF
JU|lI V TOaG[9OSGQaG[I9TT`FKG'TFXJ D .IKGQjQ VKW
W`V O TO\KG D NO\L GQ
JI!TkF7GK_[KG[O A 9OZLNGQ ^_ *) G'_9XO V NJs_TZGP
JT`F
Qas_PUUG O V * V I2Q JI!TkFKG D NO\LdGs_OjG _ A ; FKG< G[TkF V 9O V LNJ+JI W`V O KQRG O ^_[IKJ |_T`J V I VKW
TkF7G$X_KG[O
KQ\TI V T_PU V
Q\TOjG[T D FKJI VKW TkFKG'K_[7G[O$Q\NO W _ D G
J A G A _PO ) JTkOa_O * V QSJT`J V IKJI9 VKW
L G OZT`J D GPQ A
;F7G+_PTk_QZT`O\ D Tk9ORG NGQ D OaJ ) JI9TkF7G V * V I
^GQZF V 9FK_[LNGT V
JI D M +GI V T V IX * TkFKG
9G[T`_PJUQ_ )KV NTzL G[OZT`J D GQ E GPdNGQ_[IK W _ D GQ E ) 9Tl_PQ V _ * G[OaJUI9JI W`V O\^_[T`J V I
D V QjG
K_[OR_P|UGP W U_[7Q VXW TF2G<K_[KGPO A g
G A A W`V O_[O ) J|TOa_[OaJU *
QaJI UG E Q\TkOR_PJM.F9T D OaGP_QaG$s_ * JI9L V ML G<s_I * U_ * G[OjQ VKW
K_[KGPO _Q>TkFKG< V 9G ) G D V ^GQ V ORG D V K|J D _[TZGP Ag
G[TkF V Q\T ) G$9G LNJQaGsT V QaGPG D T
_PI7^_[IKJ |_T`G V IX * TkF7G
NGQaJORG|_ * G[OjQ A
;F7G QaG[O Q\T ) G$_PU V
GPsT V ORG W JI7G<TkFKG$^GQ\F E J|I!TkFKGQa_G
_ * TkFK_[T D ORG _QjGPQ
_PORG'_N9GP
TkFKO V NvF V NT
TF2G W`V U+JI V9W _<K_[7G[O V +GP A ;F2G W JIK_P D V I W JvNOa_[T`J V I VKW TkFKG<GQ\F V 9
V9V $UJ NG>TF2G D OjG _ QjG>X_TkTZG[OZI V IT`FKG>OSG _PvK_[KG[O&J W JT
G[OjG U_PJU V 9T W |_T A
A A A C JUs2G
V * V IX_+ V 9G
QaJsKUG5 V * V IX_P V NG E _ Q V 9 V QaG
g
TV
_ V * V I
sGPQZF E JQ KQZT_QaG[T V9W QaJXG
V * V I7Q JIQZX_ D G Ag I_ dL+_I9T`_[NG$JQ>TFX_TQaG[L9G[OR_P2+JUQaT`JI D T0 V * V I2Q ^_ *) G$ V ORG'GP_QaJ| *
s_IXJ99U_[TZGPsTFX_I_B V * V I^GQ\F A
V KG O W`V O\
_PTkFKG[O(TkFK_[I V LNJUI+L9G[OZT`J D GQp_[IK!GPdNGQ _ )KV NT E
TkOa_I2Q W`V OZs_[T`J V IKQ V IG[I9T`J|ORGs V * V I7Q E
F7G[OjGG _ D F
V * V I
G
V 9
OjG[9ORGQjG[I9T V I2G W _ D G VKW TF2G D OSG _QaGX_TkTZG[OZI _QNGQ D OaJ ) G$_ )KV LNG A
V
G LNGPO E T`FKG KJG D G V9W X_2G[OJQ(QRN9 V QaG T Vs) G D V I9T`JI V KQ A C V +JMLNJ+JI TFKG$QR O W _ D G VKW
TkF7GK_[KG[OJI9T V
QRG L G[Oa_Pp+JQ\T`JUI D T'KJG D GPQsJQsI V T^QS_T`JQ W _ D T V O * A
_P9KGP_PO>T V FX_[LNG$_T`JI * Q\K_ D G ) GPT
; V
_ | _ D G[I9T W _ D GPQ5_ *
GPG[ITFKG[%_Q#I9NG[OaJ D _[lJIX_ DPD Oa_ D JUGQ V DPD 9Opd OaJI TkFKG
s_IXJ99U_[T`J V I A ;FKJQ V U+GQ\T`O Vd* TF2G$JU|KQaJ V I VKW _QaJI9fUG W`V +G KJUG D G VKW X_2G[O A ;FXJQ
G[TF V
V 9U
_PQ V
) G
JIKG W\W J D JG[I9T^JITZG[OZQ VKW QZX_ D G
ORGv9JUOaG
TV
QZT V OjG
TF2G
QjG[T VKW
V * V I7Q A
A A A
> V T`F^ V 9GJUIX
D V I7QSJ+G[OR_ ) G'_ V NI9T VKW V O ^F9_Q ) GPG[I V I2G'ORG D G[I9T` *^V I V +GPU|JUI ^TFKG fOa_[KJI9 VKW
g
D V TF A
V
G L G[O ElD V TkF
D F V OjGOaGP|_ dG
V NG UUJI T G D FXIKJ GQJI
@ ORGG[I Ebcfc
E JUQ<NG[IKGPOa_PU * V OaG W UG NJ ) UGT`F9_PI
_ * A
_I2
T`FKGPJO'K_[7G[O
JUQ D FKG[I Ebcfcfe E
4_I *5VXW TkFKG V 9G UQ9OaGQaGPI9T`G
Q V LNJI
9_[KG[O E _[I7QaF V
Q D ORG _QjGPQ'JI
OaJQjf_PG9OjGPQjG[I9Ts_Q\NO\L G *
VXW IKJI2G[T GG[I
C GPG_PQ V
OaJUsQj+_PUG E<bcfcfe A
_[I7
) G[O\FK_[OjfT Ebcdcfe E _PI2
@ _Oa_ WZW _[I7
Y
_
D V TkF
OjGQ\ TZQ JI
JT dJI Ebcfcd A
_[ORG KF * QSJ D _PU * ) _QaG E ) 9TB9F * QaJ D _P>T G D FXIKJ GQJI9L V ML G
_|_O\NG!QaG[T VKW +J WZW G[OaG[I9T`JU_P G _[T`J V I7Q V OJT`G[Oa_PT`JI9_[I * T`JU^GQ E _I2
Q V
_[OSGsI V T
_P99O V 9OaJU_[T G `W V 0
O JUI9T`G[Oa_ D T`JLNG _PIXJ99U_[T`J V I_[I7'_IXJ^_[T`J V I A
;F7G
_[NTkF V OjQs^_ NG
JT D UGP_[O^TkFK_PTsJI
D V s9+T G[O5 Oa_[9FKJ D Q V O_PIXJ^_[T`J V I E _P9KGP_[Oa_I D G
JQ
NG[I7G[Oa_PU * V ORG
J V OZT`_[I9T2TFX_I9F * QaJ D _Pf_ DPD Oa_ D * A ZIsT`FKG D _ QjG VKW X_KG[O `W V +JI9 E V Q\T VKW
TkF7GQ\NO W _ D GQ
_[OSGI V T D NO\LdG_[I7Q V D _[I ) G' V +GP|UG
s_ *) G<9F * QaJ D _PU * JIK_ DPD O\_PT G E ) NT_[99O V NJ^_[T`G
) G#LNJUQ\9_PU * _ DD G[9T`_ ) G A
c
JTkF V * V I2Q A
JTkFQa_PUG[O V * V I2Q
NO\L GPQ\+O W _ D GQ
GP|lG[I V +.F!T V
A A A
Oa_
sOa_
JI
J|IK Y
JUT`F V I7QST`Oj_J|IKTZQ
JT`F D V I2QZTkOa_PJIKT`Q0JQ0_ ^G[TkF V VKW _[+.^G[IXT`JI9_ ) _PQaJ D v
D V IKQSTOa_PJI9TZQ>K|_ D GPsJIKT`G[OR_ D T`JMLNGP *)+* T`FKG QaG O
A
UG J D FKGPO E&bcdc
fOa_
JI 9O V fOa_
JTkF
;F7G D V IKQSTOa_PJI9TZQ
_OaGTkFKG[I
s_PJI9T`_PJI7GP'_QlTkF7G( QaG[OfOa_[NQlTkF7G> V NG A
;FKJQ D V I D G[9T D _I
D V 9
) GG fTZG[IK9GPJIXT V
A
\I
ORG[9OjGPQjG[I9T TF2G D OaGP_QaGQ ) * UJIKGQ VKW _Q\KG D J W JGP
G[I fTF
_I2
JU+TF E V JUIKG
G[I79Q A ;FKG D V I7Q\TOa_PJI9TZQ V +G[TZG[OZsJI7G
_ DPD G[9T`_ ) UGp_[I9fGQ0TFX_T2s_ *V DD NO ) GPT
_ U _ D G[I9T$|JIKGQ A
TkF7G D _QaG VKW V +GP|UJ|I9 WZV U9GPK_[7G[O E
g QTF2G QaG[O_+9Q$ V ORG D OaGP_QaGQ E TkFKG D V I7Q\TkOR_PJIXT Q ) G[T
G
)+* TkF7G JO
GPG[IT V
GG[I|JI7GPQ V 9
D FK_[I9NG A ;FKG<ORGQ\ T V 9 ) G_QjG[T VKW |JIKGQ D V I2Q\TOa_PJI7G_Q#J W * JI9 V I!_<KJUG D G VKW X_2G[O E
FXJ D F
TFKG QjG[O D V 9
_[O V NI7 A
dOa_[
d9ORJI BOjG[IK9G[OaJI9 A ] IKGB+J W\W J D 9T * JQ0F V
OjG[^_PJIsQZT`_[T`J V IK_[O *
A A A aIXTZGPOaKOjG T`_PTZJ V I VXW J|I7G
^O_
\I
TkFKG
OjGQaG _O D F
_OaGP_Q
9I7+G[OSQ\T`_[I7 UJI2GBdOa_
VKW _Q D GPIKG W O V
T V 9G D JNG
_I2Q\KG D J Wk*
) G_9+GP
_PT`G[O
FXJ D FK_PO\TZQ V9W TkFKG X_2G[O
FKJ|UGT`FKG>OjGQ\T VKW TFKG> V 9GPfJQl V LNG'_[O V +I7 A
;FKGQ\9O W _ D G VXW TF2G9_[KGPO D V 9
VKW
JUI99Q
_[OZT`J W J D J_PJI9T G UUJMNG[I D G
JI9NQ>_OjG$Q\TkK+JUG A ;FKG<9O V+) UG[
_ QSJI9fGsJs_[ G D V I9T`_PJIXJI9 |JI7GQ
] IKG D |_ QQ VXW TF2GQaG$|JI7G$+O\_
Q D G[IKGQ TkFK_[T_POaG ) 9JUT W O V
JUI+NQ JQ vI V
I!_Q TkFKG
D V ^++TZG[O
_IK
LNJQaJ V I E ^G[TkF V 9Q
JQ#T V OaG D V I7Q\TkO\ D T0TFKG v%QZTkO\ D Tk+ORG
I V
JTF
:
T G fTk9ORG ED V V 9O V OQ\FK_+JI A
$_[IK_+G Ebcf
XU_[IK_[O(X_I2GPQ VKW IKG[fUJM J ) GTFXJ D fIKGQjQ A
QaTkK *BVXW TkF7G D V XG NJ|T *BVXW JI9TZG[OZ9OjG[T`JI9]OaJf_[^J+Q D G[IKGQ0JIFKJQlX_2G[O
TV
E TFX_T>JQ
_[O V +JX9OjGPQjG[I9TZQp_
_[O V +J EKbcfcfe A
) ; % - 9 C G[LNGPOa_P V OaJf_[^J+GPI9TkF9KQaJU_PQaT`QFX_[LNG<_TkTZG[9T`GT V NG L GP V ^9O V fOR_[QTkFK_[T
OjG[9ORGQjG[I9T`_T`J V I _I2_[IKJs_[T`J V I VXW LNJ|OZTk9_P V OaJM _[sJ A ;F7G
ORGPQR TZQ>NGQ D OaJ ) GJI
W J|OjQZTX9 ) UJQZF2GP'_T`T`G[9TZQ0_[T7J|KUG[G[I9T`_[T`J V I7Q E
;F7G>TkOa_+JT`J V IK_P D Oa_[IKG JQQ\F V
IsJI!}XJv OaG
QaFKGG[T
VXW K_[KGPO
+JUsG[I7QaJ V IX_PUJT *
TkFK_[T FX_I2+UGQ
VXWV OaJf_[^J A
_P99O V _ D FKGQ0FX_[L G ) GG[I T`_
VKW K_[KGPO A
g
TkF7G
A
Ab _[OjG TkF7G
V OaJf_[^Jd V +GP+JI
FXJ D F
V9W
D NO\L GPQ E W`V +Q E TkFKJ D vIKGQQ_[IK
TF2G V O *
fOa_9F
TF9OaGG
D V NT`_[T`J V IK_PNG V ^G[T`O *
_[I7
G[I E ) +T7TkF7GQaGpJM.I V OaG W NI7d_PG[I9T_P+JIKTkOaJ D _ D JUGQ VKW TFKG ) G[FX_[LNJ V +O
9F * QaJ D _PU * ) _QaG
V NG VKWV OaJf_sJpFX_ QsTkFKG V Q\T9O V ^JQaG VXW V O fJI
D V O\ORG D T` * E ) NT2JQl D F V ORGp+J W\W J D 9TKT V JKG[^GPI9TXTFX_PIJvF9T ) G W JOjQ\T7_QQ\N^G A
) 43 ## 8 (1 )6 $,)67 !+ 3! 124 /& $'( 2 ()()& '& 1&)*)! /)
! 2 *4" ! &/(' . & 4& ! 37) /'!)& ' *8
VV I7G<FK_PQ * G[T D OjGP_[T`Gs_< V +GP VXW _ W`V U9GP
I _[I D GQ
_[OaJ V 9Q
QaJXG
J|TF|J^J|T GPOjGQ\9TZQ A
b _[I7JQ_BQaJ|9UG
D 9O\LNGsQ\NO W _ D GQ>_[97GP_[OJIsTkF7G W JIX_PKQ\T G[2Q A
J|U9_P| V
Nb
] I D G'_IG W\W G D T`JL G V +GPXFK_Q ) GPG[I
WZV O W`V +JI JT
J|U ) G D V GGP_QaJUG[O A
TkFK_[I V I2G> V JI9T V OlLNG OZT`G
W`V NI7 E KG[OZFX_2Q TF2G'9O V+) G[
VKW
W JIK+JUI+_P V OaJTkF9 Q
NO\ORGPI9TpQ * Q\T`GP^Q<F9_[L9G+J WZW J D 9UT * s_[IKJ99U_PT`JI ^ V OjG
V ITkF7G> V NG f_[T7_>T`JU^G A
- UR/W 2(+
5 5
7 /
;F7G'9O V fOZ_P%TkFK_[TFX_Q ) GG[I
NG LNGP V KG_IKJQ+GQ D OaJ ) GJITkFKJQ'QjG D T`J V I
KQjGPOpT V ^_[IKJ |_TZG _ D V s9NT`G[O k G[IKG Oa_T`G5KJUG D G VXW X_2G[OBJI
;F7G#JI9TZG[O W _ D G
WZV U9Q A
JU|f_PU V
V9V
G W O V
W_ D TV O A
TFKG>KQaGPOlT V JI7+J D _[TZG D OjGP_QaGQ V I^TkFKG K_[KGPO E _[I7'TkF7G[IKG[O W`V OZ
} V U9Q<s_ *^) G D V I2Q\TO\ D T G QSJI9IK_[TkNOa_PU_[I7d^_PO NQ V I
OjGPQ\9UT VXW 9OaG[LNJ V Q V KG[Oa_T`J V IKQ E V O )+* QSJI9
sJd V JI9T VXW _^|JI7G A
TkFKG
FX_T _[97G _OjQ
T V) G TF9OjGPG
+JUsG[I7QaJ V I2Q E QaJsJUU_[Oa * T VsWZV U+JI9_BOaGP_P+KJUG D G VKW K_[7G[O A ;FKG<K_[KG[O _ *) G<LNJG
_PU9+JORG D T`J V I7Q E _[I7'_[T7_[I * OaGP_Q V IK_ ) G
JU|&_P| V
;FKGXO V vOa_
Q V G ) J|T JUI
TkFKG
TkFKGX_2G[O$TFX_T<_[OSG TkF7G
_PTkFKG[^_[T`J D _PT V9V QQR D F_Q
JUU_[IKJs_[TZGTkFKG ) G[FK_[LNJ V NO V9W TkFKG K_[7G[O ) G T
GPG[I
QaT`G[7Q A ;F7G>OjGPQ\9UT`JI QaG[T VXW Q\T G KQ0^_ *p) GpQa_[L GP W`V O_PT`GPO2KQjG A
g TTFXJQ T`JG E _X_OaT`J_P0JKUG[G[I9T`_[T`J V I
VXW T`FKJUQ$+GQaJM.IFX_ Q ) GPG[I
TkF7G JXUGP^G[I9T`_[T`J V I_POaGXORGQRG[I9TZGP'J|I FK_[9TZG[O e E
GQ\9TZQ0_[IK
D V KG[T`G A G[T`_PJ|Q VKW
LN_P9_T`J V I A
5 + >-( 17 , -9
<`Y [4053(H0.ON(O c(E4
5
C G[LNGPOa_P2^G[ ) G[OSQ VKW TkFKGORG DA _[OZTZQ A V OaJM _[sJ7I2G
_PI
GP_Q * kT V kKQjG
9O V .Oa_[
W`V O
T`GP_ D FKJUI
_IK
Q\fO V NFK_[LNGG N9OaGQjQaG Q\TkO V I JIXT G[OjGPQaT JI
V OaJf_[^J V +GPQ A
+JU_[.Oa_[sJI9
g
WG
_PTkTZG[9TZQ>FK_[LNG ) GPG[I_+G'T V V +GP2_ W`V +GsXJUG D G VXW 9_KG O QSJI9 D V ^ NT`G[O fOR_[9FKJ D Q E
) +T$I7G[LNG O^JI
QR D F
_
_ *
TFX_T'KQaG[OSQ W _sJU|JU_[O
JUTkF
TkOa_+JT`J V I9_PB+J|_jfOa_[^JI
G[TF V 9Q
V W J|IKL G[O * KQjG W A
j+GP_P| * E TFXJQXO V .Oa_
V OjGJI9Tk9JT`JL G
V ) G
KQjGP_Q>_pT VKV NT V TZG[_ D F V OZJMf_sJK V 9G Q JI_ D G _OaG[O(_PIK
_ * T`F9_PI
TkOR_+JT`J V IX_P+J|_[.Oa_QFK_[Oj
WZV U V
TV
NI2NG ORQaTk_PIK A
+JU_[vOR_[Q V 9
g IXJ^_PT`GP
) GGP_QSJUG[O T V
A
;FKJQlXO V .Oa_
) G W`V ORG
V 9'_PU V
D V sJTT`JI T`FKG[
9O V fOR_[
WO V
JTF+JU_[fOa_[^Q<_P V IKG AC V G7G V XUG E GQ\KG D J|_PU * D FKJ|U+ORG[I E W JUIK
V OaJf_[^J+NGQaJvI7G[OjQlT V V O
TV
9_PKG[O A
V NTXIKG
V 9G UQ V ITFKG D V 9+TZG[O
@ GPQSJ+GQ!QS_[LNJI9OaGP_P^Q VXW K_[KG[O E TkF7G
V U9O V LNJ+G'TF2G_ ) JU|JT * T V V) _ D _ W G
QaTZG[KQ V O<ORG[L+JUG
_[I
D V ^ NT`G[O
G[I9T`JOjG V +GP
Q\T`_OaTT V W JIKJQZF A ]I D G'_$K_[KGPO V NG 2JQ D V XUG[TZG E JT JQ
KQ\ _P| * 9JT G+J W`W J D 9TT V
+JQ D V LNGPO TkFKGQG G[I D G VKWV 2G[Oa_T`J V I2Q TFX_T>GP5T V TF2G W JIX_P29O V d D T A^@ * QaJUI TFXJQ
T V9V E
9GQSJ.IKG ORQ V 9I V TXFK_[LNG>T V OaG[ G[ ) GPO&G LdG O * Q\TZG[T V OjG D ORGP_[T`G TFKG> V NG A
;FKJQ0KO V .Oa_[
V _PQ V) G#KQjG W 9 W`V O&T`GP_ D FXJI9$^_[TkF7G[_PT`J D Q_[I7 G V G[TkO * QaJI D G<TFKG[OjG
_POjG>^_[I * NG V ^G[T`OaJ D _Pv9OaJUI D JKGPQ0TkFK_[T2_OaGp+GP V I2QZTkOa_T`G )9* _ W`V NG$KJG D G V9W K_[7G[O A
<`<` a¡;4"7/>+B 0C!"}*02
5
;FKJQQjG D T`J V I^+GQ D OaJ ) GQlT`FKG W NI D T`J V I2QlTkFK_[T2_OjG GQQRG[I9T`J|_P W`V OTkFKG KO V .Oa_[
V O fJI9
A
KQjGPO Z9G W J|I7GLN_PUG *
•
T V) G D V I7QaJNG ORG
V 9I9T`_PJUI ZW V 9Q E QGPO0^_ * XJ D $L G ORT`J D GQ_PI7GddGQ0T V
) 9JU WZV 9Q
KQjGpT`Oa_+J|T`J V IX_P +J|_[fOR_PssJUI9Q * )2V Q
•
KQjGBQvK_POjG
K_P7G[O
•
W |JUsT`F7G V 9GP V L9GPO
•
_PN_PT V I D G
•
WZV +JUI
J A G A I V _IXJUs_PT`J V I E KQaT&QSF V
9G W JUI2G W\V +J|I9 V 2GPOa_PT`J V I
9I7 V T V XOjG[LNJ V KQQaTZG[
•
v
•
T`Oa_ D
LNJG
Qa_[L G
_
•
_ W TZG O
_(9OjG
VXW D OaOjG[IKTlQaT`_PTZG VKW TkF7G V 9G E J|I D K+JUI9
VKV E O V T`_PTZG E K_PI
_>LNJ|OaTk _P
) _PU+^JMfFKT ) G ) GQaT E ) 9T ) T`T V I2Q D V ) GBG _QaJG O&T V JUsKG ^GPIXT QaIX_P7QaF V T
VKW T`F2G V 9G G A A
<`<¦ x(4"94& 'T(P>+B 0P")*0.
5
_PI7
M QST V IKG ZQaTZG[ I2 V
) G WZV ORG
6
F2G[I^J|T2JQ D V ^XG TZG
;FKJQ QjG D T`J V I!NGQ D OaJ ) GQ T`FKG W NI D T`J V I7QTkFK_[T_[OSG<IKG D GQjQ\_PO * JI!TkFKG$J KG[sG[IKTk_PT`J V IT V s_ NG
JUT2JIXT G[OjGPQaT`JI _[IK QjG W A
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
_PU D V ^XG
D V ) J|IK_[T`J V I WZV 9Q jQ GG>;(_ ) G b
KQjGPOs_ * KQjG#LN_POaJ V Q T V9V Q T V D F V9V QjG
U_PI7+s_PO NQ W`V O D OjGP_PT`JUI W`V 9Q
_PIKJ|^_PT`J V I VXW T`F7G WZV _Q0T`F7G( QjG O+Oa_[dQ _ W |_P VKW K_P7G O&_PO V I2
W |_PT ZQ\9O W _ D Gp_PIXJUs_PT`J V I ) GPT
OjGPXU_ * TF2GpGPI9T`J|OSG# V 9GP ) _ D
JUI W J|IKJUTZG#9I7 V
QaT`_POaT
GG[IQZTZG 7Q
_POj9Q _PI7 W\V O
_POS9Q
FXJUG D V I7QaT`O\ D T`JUI _
V 9G
J|T`F_PI * QaFK_P2G VKW X_P7G[O
QjG TlTF2G D V V OjQ W`V O0L G[OaT`J D GQ E GdNGQ _I2 W _ D GQ E T V
_PT D F
F7G ORG T`F2G * V) G[T
GG I
QaTZG 7Q
•
•
_PU V
T`F7G# QjG O&T V OSG[ V L9G D OjGP_QGQ_PI2L GPOaT`J D GQ0T`FX_PT
QaF V
TkF7G
T * 7G
JUU+I V V I NGPO ) G>KQjG
VXW D OjGP_QGQ D OaOaGPIKT` *B) G JUI $ QjG E ) 9T M QaT0QaF V
_ W _PJ|IKT2UJ|I7G ZW V O
D OjG _QjGQ I V TlJI L V ML GJ|I^TkF7G D 9OROjG[IXT W`V
•
KOaJ|IKT V 9T2TF2G W JUIK_P D OaGP_QjG
K_PTkTZGPO\I V I K_PKGPOQ V T`FX_PT2JUT D _I ) G W`V 9G
<` O^O\" "T*0G1'> B 0P")* 0G
5
;FKJQ
5
QG D T`J V I
+GQ D ORJ ) GQ
T`FKG
) GPUUQ
_[I7
FXJQ\T`GPQ
TkFK_[T
s_ *
) G
_ 9+G
TV
T`FKG
JU KG[sG[I9T`_PT`J V IJ W T`J^G KG[O\^J|T Q A ;F2G * _OjG I V T
ORGP_P| * GQaQjG[I9T`JU_PfT V TFKG W NI D T`J V IK_P|JT *VKW TkFKG
9O V fOR_[ A
.e
•
T V vfGQ
+JU_ Oa_P
V +G
QjGGpQ * )7V Q V IX_P7G[O
L Q A
IK_PTk9OR_P+ V 9G
JUI2+J D _PT`J V I VKW D OjGP_QjG# V D _PT`J V I QSJUI9Q V GpQ V O\T VKW QaFK_+J|I9
WZV V 9G
T V s_ NGp V +GPQ0L Q A
LNJG
V 9G
TV
QjGG
_PT D F^QSTZG[7Q VKW Qa_[L G
V 9GPQ
) G J|IKI2GPO0 V NG
QaF V
QaF V
G[L G O * 9OSG D OjGP_QG W`V J|I^_ D V KG
V D _PT`J V I VXW&W JUI9NG OSQ JI^_PIXJUs_PT`J V I l
L9Q A
W`V E 7G[OaFX_P7Q
G N7G[OaJG I D G' V 9G
IX_P G#TF2G
WZV _PI2'T`F7G W U_Ps_PI7 M QaT0QjGG TkF7G#OSGQ\9UTZQ
•
D KQaT V ^JQa_PT`J V I VKW _[LN_PJU|_ ) GpT VXV Q
J A G A _pTZG _ D F7G O&s_ * Tk9ORI VKWZW D GPO\T`_PJUI
s_PT`F7G[s_PT`J D _P D V I7Q\T`O\ D TZQQ V T`FX_PT7_<QaTk 9G I9TlJQ OjG J|OSG'T V QG V TF2GPO0^GPT`F V 9Q0T V
_ D FXJG L GpT`F2GpQa_PG T`FKJ|I9 A A A W J|I7TkF7G#^J+ V JUIXT VKW _(|JUI2G
^J+ V JUIKT
•
•
•
•
•
•
J|T`F V 9T2KQaJUI T`FKG
T V9V A
99Tl_ TZG +Tk OjG V IT`F2G K_[7G O
QaT`_POaT
J|T`F_ ) _QjG
KOjGP|JUsJUIK_PO *W`V E ) JUOj ) _QjG E GPT D A JUI2QaT G _ VKW
W U_PT
K_PKGPO
D 9O\L G Q\ O W _ D GQ _PI7 D O\L GQ\9O W _ D G
_PIKJ|^_PT`J V I
_PU V
T V D T2T`FKG X_P7GPO
KOjG Z+G W J|I7G_PIKJ|^_PT`J V I7Q VKW Q V Gp+J W\W J D 9UT&QjG D T`J V I7Q
Q V G<Qa_PXG<Qa_[L G V 9G Q
<`d [4Q Wb* #$10C(b* ,5U5(ca+\4"7 ?QRN*1'+10.OKF2#*1( OVB H(G
5
C V ^G VKW TF2G ) _QaJ D Q * )KV Q<_IK5T`OR_P+JT`J V I9_P
9O V D GPd9ORGQ$_[OjG V OjG D V V I
TkFK_[I
V TFKG[OjQ A
9GQ D OaJ ) G
;FXJQ D FK_[OZT V +T`UJI7GQTFKG
9ORG LNJ V Qa * A
;FKGQjG
_P9KUJ D _ ) JU|JT *
JI W\V OZs_P E
Oa_T`JI NQ_OjG
G fKG ORJUG[I D G E ^G[ V OaJUGQ VKWpW JOSQ\T UGP_[OaIKJI V OaJf_[^J E _[IK
TkF7GOaG DA _OaT`Q A V OaJf_sJ IKG
_PO ) JT`Oa_O *
_PT`JI NQ
V
QR.O V N A
;F2G V LNG[Oa_PU Oa_[T`JI9
_I2
Q * )KV '_I2
_OjG
) _QaGP
9O V D Gd+ORG
V I
KGPORQ V I9_P
D V ^G[I9TZQ<s_ 9G )+* G[ ) G OjQ V9W
JI
TFKG U_Q\T D V 9I
JQ ) _QaG
V I
GPJM.F9T`JI VKW TkF7G V TFKG O WZV NO D V 9I7Q A
JI V Oa9G[O
D V V I
V O'F V
G _ Q* G[O *
v9JTZG
_P|J W JG[O<^GP_[I7Q
TFX_T JI V Q\T D _QRGQpT`FKG fJLNGPI
WG
VKW GP_ D F
_[IKKQjG W 9
Q V ^G
FX_PT
I V T
KQ\ _P| *
g
OR_[T`JI9!_[K9|JGPQ E ) NTpTkFKG[OjGs_ *^) G_
G D G[9T`J V I2Q A >_[IJUT ) Gp V IKG
] L G[Oa_PUfOa_[T`JI9
JUTkF V NT D 9O\LdGQ\NO W _ D GQ BGQ
QaQjG[I9T`JU_P
9GQaJOa_ ) UG
KQaG W 9
.
QR _P| *
I V T9KQ\9_PU *
I V TKL9GPO * QjG W 9
I V
V{
cE 9+£;9 !T 7
Z; ¢;
G DI/$1;;b34+;1
bb#1+ b# A ;
T !H $. b !#P
T
T4H$$ . A 4
1
+
^793A4S+$E;{Ec 3¢;4
.+$;EE{c< £;$E
4{c$1$+J
4¢}
¢ ¤
.$#
49j $9;1
1
T
4J £;£;
4 !9<4}A$ 1¡ }
5K}1<¤
};5 $TEª $E{
4
4!!
4
4!!
4
4!!
4!
4!
4!
¤²\\;¤&E${3P#¢j ¢;
4 9
E¤E¤
G71#\1!
H¤;$4 {A1; :bE¤
/ !
¢4 #¤ A !
«9£ 7 ! ¢+ ¢ :b
/¢4
4!
V#¤ 4} !
::bb
//¢¢44 E¤
4! !
4
4!!
#¤I {};1TT
H1 H
7 :b
/¢4 ¤E¤¥¤T !<
4!
¤¥¤T<
4!
4!
1\E¤;
7{$c+E ¢:
4\: E¤; !
£;²\T¤£ A1
7£:#£1
7
7 E¤; :b
/¢4 :b
4
/! ¢4 I1b
4
I/! ¢7 $9¤;1 !/¢;
4$V
1
E¤ !
E¤E¤
$9}N<;
E¤
!
b+7#
7±E
4P 1 ¢ A
7
$
V; ::bb
//¢¢44 E¤ !
I1bE¤
I/
¢7 ¤¥¤T< £¤1<
?
:
2
!"#$&%&')((*!+*,"&-
.c
^T +
G ¢1
.;$
E < +£;9
4J;}T<
G;
/T¤ !¢;1E
7¤; ¢;
G£! +9 ¢4
T E¤;9
¥¤;!7
7 £;91 $
DD
H
H
D
DII
;; <<}}
D
H
DI
; <}
; ¤; $¤T<
7¤;I I <
79¤11
7I<91
D
H
7¤;II<
79¤11
¤;I
7¤1
D
H
¤;I
7¤1
D
H
DI
; <}
; ¤;$¤T< ¤;I
7¤1
7
7II<<9911
¤;I
7¤1
;
¤;I
7¤1
V{
Z~ 9+£;9 !T 7
Z; ¢;
G DI2£;94
7:¤;9
D
bb#1+ b# A ;
T !H $.
4
1
+
£;9^77
49EA ¤;J
ª£;P94
¢;
4
#
7¤9 J
£;$E
4{£;c$1£;$+
4 J
4¢}
²$#9
} ª ª:4$
4!
4!
9&T31:
GA $9
T
}7
T9
E¤
4! !
#¤#¤AA ! !
E¤ !
:b
/¢4 9
T91¤;ª+
7 J99<I£
E¤E¤ ! !
::bb
//¢¢44 E¤²
4 { 73$¢ EP
E¤
!
:
b
/
¢
4
£;²
4 {< $EP :b
/¢4 :b
/¢4
7cE£;
9ª :b
/¢4 ; :I
T+9ª
; ; ?
2
?
:
b !#P
T
T4H$$ . A ¢ ¤ !
.94$#
4A9 j1 $9;1}
<}E¤$ ¡
II11bb
I
I//¢¢77 I1b
I/¢7 II11bb
I
I//¢¢77 I1b
I/¢7 I1b
I/¢7 ;; e
^T +
G ¢1
.;$
E < +£;9
4J;}T<
G;
/T¤ !¢;1E
7¤; ¢;
G£! +9 ¢4
T E¤;9
¥¤;!7
7 £;91 $
D
H
7I <91
;; D¤;¤;
H$$¤¤TT<<
7
7
7III <<<999111
;¤; $¤;¤;$}¤< T <
7
7II <<9911
¤;$¤;}<
7I <91
¤;$¤;}<
7I <91
;;
;¤;¤;II
77
¤1¤1
7
K89 :7(2
5 )
) 3 8 # ) 4 ! .)62 $ 4
;F7GQ D OSGPG[I
QjG D T`J V I E _PORG
Y
JUI7 V
D _9TkNOjGQ\F V
WOV
IFKG ORGJI}KJvNOjG
D NO\OjG[I9TJKG[^G[I9T`_T`J V I
TFKG
A
Q c d
; FKG D O\ORG I9T(J KUGPsG[I9T`_T`J V I
E _I2
TF V QjG9OaGQjG[I9T`G
OaJTTZG[I
TkF9O V +.F V NT$TFXJQ
J|I,_[L+__[I7O\NI9IKJI
+IK9G[O
V GPQ<I V T>FK_[LNGTkFKG D V KUG[TZG W NI D T`J V IK_PUJT *
9GQ D OaJ ) G'JITkFKJQQaG D T`J V I A
<¦Y ©u6#(E167"}(?M *,/U/(j[405I(E),( ( 7"@G0
5
\IKT`G[Oa_ D T`J V I
JUI9TZG[O W _ D G
_PU V
96
JQ$9OaJs_POaJU *
JTF
T`FKGs V QG E
Q0T`FKG KQaGPO0T V JI9TZG[Oa_ D T
JTkF
Q V GJIK++T< QaJI TFKG NG *)KV _[Oj A
JUTkF^TkFKG<9_PKG[O V +GPKQSJUsJUU_[Oa * T V F V
e9b
;FKG
TFKG<9_PKG[O>JQ
WZV U9GP
JUI
ORGP_P|JT * A
H IKUJ fGKOaG[LNJ V Qa *
V OaJM _[sJ$JI9T G[O W _ D GQ
JU KUG[G[I9T G
4J * _ P _ fJ&_PIK V T`FKG[OjQ Epbcdcfe E TkFKJQ V IKGs_PU V
Q$TkF7G KQaG[OT V
}KJUQaFKG[O Ebcfcfe
NGQ D ORJ ) GTkF7Gs V D _T`J V I
V9W TkFKG
JUI9TZG[IK9GP D OaGP_QjG V ITF2G W`V 9GPKJG D G V9W 9_PKG[O E _[IKTkFKGPI ) G[IK TFKG X_PKG[O_P V I9$TF2G D OaGP_QaG
9I9T`JUKJ|TJQ JIJTZQp+GQaJOaG KU_ D G A ]TkF7G[O JKG[^GPI9T`_[T`J V I7Q V I9 * _PU V
+Oa_[_ D V O\IKG[O VKW TkF7G>K_[KGPO0_O V NI2NI9T`JUfJT
JUQ0JUIK|_ D G A
V
TkFKG<KQjG[OT V D UJ D ^_[I7
G[L G[O E 9OaG D ORG _QaJI9JQGQRQG[I9T`JU_P
FKG[I D V I7Q\TO\ D T`JI9OjGP_P V ORJMf_sJK V 9GPUQ
_I2!Q V Q\F V 9 ) G<JUI D KNGJI_$KQaG[OBJI9T`G[O W _ D G A
] I D G _ D OSG _ QG JQ
^_P9G E TkFKG W |_ VXW X_KG Ols_ *p) G
+OZ_[vNGP_ )2V NT2TkFKG D OjG _ QjG
UJIKG#9I9T`JU+JTlJQ
JUI
TF2G D V O\ORG D T V QaJT`J V I A
g T G[O\IK_PT`JLNG * E TkF7GX_KG[O$s_ *^) G W`V +G
W U_[Tp_[NT V ^_[T`J D _PU * E _PQ
TkFKJQ0JQlTkF7G> V Q\T D V V I V QaJT`J V I W`V OlTkFKG W |_ A
;F7G KQRG[O'JUQ$_ ) GT V
V L G TF2GLNJUG
V OjNG OT V QaGGpTkFKG< V 9GP W O V
V JIKT
_O V NI2JIQ\X_ D G
_[I * _I G A ;FXJQ>JI D M 9GPQ
FKJ|UG W`V +JI !TFKGs9_PKG[O E JI
VXV ^JI JI_[I7 V NT E O V T`_T`JI V O
W |JU9XJI9BTkF7G>K_[KGPO V LNG[O A ; FKG> QaG O&JQl_ ) UGT V Qa_[L9GTkFKG W JUI9_Pv V +GP W`V O
LNJUG
;F7GKQaG[Op^_ * _ 9 D NO\LNGQ\NO W _ D GPQ )+* FXJvFKUJM.F9T`J|I9^_[IG NJUQaT`JI9OaG[fJ V I
Q\ ) +JMLNJU9GsJTBJI9T V
Q\^_P|G[O$ V * V I7Q A
<¦<` c(H0/(HHE' 8c G* B
;(F2G fOa_[KFKJ D _Pd QGPOJUIXTZG[O W _ D G#FK_QTkF7G W`V | V
•
JI |_TZG[O A
VKW TkFKG' V 9G 7T V
;FKG QjG[O$s_ * TFKG IdOa_[!TF2G D NO\L GPOaG[fJ V I
K|_ D G A
5
JUI QaT`_PI7+_POj_POjGP_Q
4GPI ) _PO_PT2TkF7G T V
e
JUI9T V
C T`_PTk Q ) _PO_[TlTF2G )KV T`T V
•
•
•
•
Y
JUI7 V
J|I^TkF7G D GPI9T`OjG
F2G[OjG T`F7G
V 9GPdJQ+Oa_
I
] T`F7GPO0T VKV ) _POjQ0_PI7 +JQaXU_ * Q V IT`F7G#G W Tl_[I7OaJfF9T VXW T`FKG D GPI9T`Oa_P +JQaK|_ *
;(F2G D G I9T`Oa_P
J|I7 V
JQ TF2G s_PJUI V O fJUI
_PKXUJ D _PT`J V I E T`F2G D G[IXT`Oa_P
J|I7 V
_PI7'T`F7G
JUI2 V
A
W T`F7G( QjG OORGQaJvGQT`F2G
V 9GPd_POSG#OSGQaJvGT V T`_ NG
_dLN_PIXT`_[dG VKW _PU+_[LN_PJU_ ) G<QaK_ D G A
<¦<¦ -/(H0541'"$0.ON*VM
5
JI7 V
;F7G D G[I9TOa_P
+JQZXU_ * Q0TFKG v
V 9GP VXW TFKG
L+JOZTk9_P Q\FKGG[T VXW K_[KGPO_[IK_PU V
Q0TkF7G
KQjGPOlT V ^_[IKJ |_TZG#JTz+JOaG D T` * KQaJI TkFKG> V KQjG A
Y
A A Ab C GP:G D TZJ V I VKW ] ) G D TZQ
G_QQ\N^G
_
V IKG ) TkT V I
V QjG
Q V
TV
_ Q
_P| V
TFKG
V Q\T! V O\T`_ ) JU|JUT *
TV
LN_POaJ V Q
K|_T W`V O\ Q A ;F7G< V QaG ) 9TkT V IJQ>KQaG T V QjGPUG D T&_PIK+GQaGPG D T^G[I9!JTZG[Q E ) NTkT V I2Qp_[I7
U_PI2fs_[O +Q V IsTF2G
LNJOZTk9_PNX_2G[O A
W _ W _ D G E GdfG V O>LNG[OaTZG
V ITkFKG$9_PKG[O JQpQaGPG D TZGP E JTJQ
D V V NOaG ) OaJ.FXT G[O>T`F9_PINI2QaGPUG D T`GsJTZG[Q A \I!TkFKG D _QaG V9W Gd GQ
_[I7sLNG OZT`J D GPQ E _QaGPG D TZGP
V+) G D T2JQ0_PQ V dOa_
IU_[O\ GPO
TFX_ITkF7G V TF2G[OjQ A
g I *W NI D T`J V ITkFK_[T D _PI ) G#7G[O W`V OZGP
KQaJUI _ V +J W JUG[O NG *
JTkF
JTkF_B 9T`JKUG ) NTkT V Is V QjG D _[I ) G<_ D FXJG LdG )+*
_ V IKG ) 9TT V I
V KQjG A ,v_[LN__PU V
e
Q'TF2G!QaG D V IK
_PIK
TFXJUOR
V QjG
) NTkT V I E J W _[Lf_PJ|U_ ) UG E T V
) G
JUI9T`G[OZKOaG[TZGP
V I2G ) NTkT V I V KQaG
_Q_
D UJ D
JTF
_
NG *)KV _[OS fG * V +J W JG[O A
; g
W TkF7G 4
NG * JQ<F7G U V
V+) G D T2JQ0_+9GP$T V TFKG D NO\OSG[I9T` * QjGPUG D T GJT`GPsQ A Y
QjG[I2QaJT`JL G
G +_XUG E
; ] fG * JQ FKGP V I _[IK TFKG
V k N^G[I !JQ XORGQRG[I9TZGP5TFX_T JU|2_PU V
TF2GQaGPUG D T`G
V OpTkF9ORGG ) NTkT V I
fG * A
V QG ) NTkT V I
D V IXT G T
JQ D |J D NGP E _
D F9_PI+NGQ T V TkF7GQaGPG D T GJTZG[ A
T V D FK_[I9NG<JTZQ D V V +O A
JTF_T V
; g
;
FKG I!_ W _ D G E Gd G V O>L G[O\TZG ^JQ
QRG G D TZGP E TkF7G']
QjG G D T0_p V N^G[I9sJT G[
aIQ * Q\T`GP^Q
V QjG E TkF7G>OaJvF9T7 V KQRG ) NTT V I JQ
KQRG'JIXU_ D G VKW TkFKG 4
W TkF7G ]
JQ D UJ D fG E TkF7G[I
FKG[IsTFKG KQjG[O D |J D NQ V I _ W _ D G E V JI9T V O
GdfG'TFX_T>JQ
_PORGP_ * QjGPUG D T GP E JT>JQ<NGQRG G D TZGP A
_[I7TkFKGs V KQaG ) NTT V I
I
]
fG * s_ *) G QaGsT V
;
W _ W _ D G$JQpQaGPG D TZGP E TFKG'(]
NG * ^_ * _PQ Vs) G<KQaG T V s_ NG<TkFKG W _ D G<TkOa_I2Q\K_[OSG[I9TT V _PU V
} V O
TkFKGLNJG
]
_[IK!QjG UG D T`J V I VKW
FKJN9G[I V+) U G D TZQ A
W _ D G VKW TF2G' V 9GPlJQ<_ W U_[TpQaG D T`J V I
g
VKW K_[KG[O )KV OS+G[OjG )+* GdfGQ E _IK
V TkF7G[OGd GQ AC GPUG D T`J V I VKW _ W _ D G V ITkFKGp V 9G NJQQ\TkOR_PJMfF9T W`V O
V IsT`FKG W _ D G
_[Oj +TkFKG
QaG O(QaJX * D |J D NQ
JUTkF^TkFKG< V QaG ) NT`T V I A ;FKG
KQjG[Os_ * _PQ V QjGPUG D T&QjG[LNG OZ_PK_ | _ D G[I9T W _ D GPQ T V
) G$TkORG _TZGPs_Q#_QaJI9fG W _ D G )9* F V +JI9 V
) +TT V I _IK D UJ D fJUI
D V I9T`_PJIKJI9I V
I!TkFKG<4
; g
JUTkF!TkF7G V KQaG$ V JIXT G[O V I GP_ D F
fG * V O# QaJI TF2G$OaJvF9T V QaG
W _ D G A ;FKG W _ D GTkFK_[T JQ D V QaGQ\TT V
)*!% ( # !6 !4&7& #4*2&2&! &74& ( &'#!#!38 )6 )6! & 8 !+ -&/ ( !5"5! # !4& !%&-)& & )*! !%54&&7 !1(& !
(2& / &7 2&/&(! 4! ! ( 6) ! 6 !,)6)6 (! * )*! !3 8 3 )6 & +*& 3 7 2 1&$%(
e
TkF7G#LNJUG
GPO_[IK|JGQxNI7+G[OT`FKG
V KQjG
V JI9TZG[O
JUU ) G$QjG UG D T`G A ;FKG
KQjG[Os_ * _PQ V QGPUG D T
D V I9T`JMv V KQ W _ D GQ
TFX_T0UJUG
JIs_BQaJI9fG K|_IKG VXW TkF7G V NG )9* V ) UG D |J D fJI _I *
V I7G V9W TkFKG W _ D GQ
C GPUG D T`J V I
QjG G D TZGP
GPdNGQJUQ V OaGJUI L V LNG E QaJI D G!QaG[L G[Oa_P Gd GQs_ *
Gd G E TkFKG[I
FKGPITkF7G( QjG[O D |J D NQ V I^_[IGPd G
GPG[IT`FKG<T V D V QaGQZTGPIKd V JIXT Q
_P| D V JI D JU9G[I9TGdNGPQ_[OjG
NG * V OpQaG D V IKs V KQRG ) NTkT V I s_ *) G<KQaG
; g
Q\FX_OaG!_[I
JTkFTF2G$ V KQaG ) +TT V I E V IX * TkFKG<L G[O\T G ^JQ
_[I7I V T2_I *VKW TkF7G#_ U _ D G[I9T&GPdfGQ A Y
TkF7GKQaG[O V ) G D UJ D NQs_[I
F2G[I^TkFKG
QG[O D UJ D NQ V I_pL9G[OZT`G
V QjG ) +TT V I E M Q\T0TF2GQaJI UG'GPdNG U ) G[T
4
FKG[OjG V I
JTkFTF2G V KQRG ) TkT V I A
VXW L G[O\T`J D GQ_IK
G[I7d V JIXT A Y
JUTkFTkFKG
JUQpQjGPUG D T G A
QaG UG D T`G A
W
g f_PJI E TkFKG
J|TFTkFKG$ V QaG'T V QaG G D T |T`JKUG
GdfGQ0_[I7 V OlLNG OZT`J D GQ A
W TkF7G>KQaG[O D UJ D +Q V I_ V JI9TKTkFK_[T7JQQ\FK_[OSGP )+* V OjG>TFX_PI V IKG V+) G D T E V IK * TkFKG V+) G D TlTFX_T
JQ D V QjGPQSTKT V TkF7G#LNJUG
G[O
JU| ) G<QjGPUG D T G A
VKW2V+) G D T G A A _IGd G _[I7'_>LNGPOZT`G
b L G OZT`G
Gd G
W_ D G
W TkF7G#KQRG[O
W TkFKG V JUI9TlJQ D V V I T V V ORG#TFX_I V IKG T * KG
E V IK *BV I2G V+) U G D T
J|U ) GpQaG UG D T`G'JITF2G9OaJ V ORJT *
_I9TZQ>T V QRG UG D T0_I V+) G D TlT`F9_PT0JQI V T
I7G[_PORGQ\T&T V TkFKG
LNJG
O V T_PT`G'TF2G' V +GPl_[O V NI75NI9T`J|lTkFKG^+GQaJOjGP
V+) U G D TpJQ D V QRGQ\T A
D |J D NQp_[TTkF7GQS_G$ V QaJT`J V IORG[7G _T`G+ * E QjGPUG D T`J V I
V D _PT G'_TXTFX_TX V QaJT`J V I A
e
V JI9T E FKG V OQaFKG D _[I
g T`G[OZIK_PT`JMLNGP * E J W TFKG QG[O
JU| D * D UG'TFXO V +.F
_PU V+) U G D TZQpTkFK_[T _OjG
<¦ % **1')^4
7 5
5
_PORG
QRG T Q V9Wz) 9TT V I7Q
JTFsJs_[dGPQ V ITkFKGP A Y
F2G[ITFKG#KQjG[O D UJ D NQ V Is_ ) NT`T V I V I
TkF7G T V9V ) _O E TkF7GpQSKG D J W JGP+G W _[ T W NI D T`J V I^JQ0KGPO W`V OZ^G A ;FKG
JUT`G[ Q V I^TkF7G
T V9V ) _POaQ>_PORG
_PQ V _[L+_PJUU_ ) UG V ITkFKG4 G[I @ _PO
T V9V ) _POaQQ\9OZO V NI7+JI BTkF7G D GPI9TkOa_P
QaJ|^XG
_PI7 D V KG
•
JI7 V
A A A ;FKG
TkF7G
TkOa_ +J|T`J V IK_P
QjGPG
FK_[LNG ) +T`T V I2Q W`V O
W\V 9Q
T VKV Q W`V O D F VKV QaJUI U_PI2+^_PO NQ V IT`FKG K_P2GPO
•
D _PGPOa_ D V I9T`O V
•
_PIKJ|^_PT`J V I D V IKT`O V
•
) NTT V IKQ
+JU_[fOa_[^JI
_ D T`JL+_PT G
FKG[OjG'K_[Oa_G[T`G[OSQ
s_ *^) GQ\N9K|JGP
s_PJUI W 9I D T`J V I7Q
•
;F7G
W`V OQSJUXUG
W`V +Q E^D V KUG
Q * )7V UQ A
L G[O *
) NTkT V I
W\V U9Q
D V I7QaJQZTZQ
_I2
U_[IK+_PO fQ
VKW _
T V W Oa_[^G
KQjG
_[IKJU _PT`J V I
FKG[I^TkF7G
KQaG[OK_PQjQjGPQ>TkFKGp V KQjG V LNGPOTkFKG ) TkT V I A ;FKJQ>JQ D _PUGP_
V U V LdG OJ D V I7Q fJL G<_$ J D L+JQ\9_PKNGQ D OaJ9T`J V I V9W
TkFK_[TJQ
A
J|U V DPD O>J W TFKG
KQjGPO D F V9V QaGQT V
FK_[T
KQjG TkFKG ) NT`T V I A
;F7G[OaGpJUQ0_PQ V _pT`G NT )KV
QaT`G[7Q Asg
J|IK V
E
FXJ D F^_P| V
Q T G NTk9_PN9GQ D OaJ9T`J V IKQT V) Gp_QQ V D JU_PT`G
D V I9T`_PJIXJI9TkF7G D O\ORG[I9T D OSG _ QG$K_[TkTZG[ORI
QjG G D TKT V FXJU9G V OQ\F V
_[I *BVKW TkFKG>T V9V ) _[OjQ0_IK+JQZXU_ * Q
_Q9GQSJORG A
efe
JTF W`V U+JI
G
JUQ<_PQ V LNJQaJ ) UG A ;F2G' QaG[O<_ *
D G[9T2TFKG>s_PJI D G[I9T`Oa_PN+JQ\KU_ *
A
A
Ab 4_J|I; VKV ) _PO
) 8 )6 2& & ;F7G's_PJIT V9V ) _POpFX_Q$QRG LNGPOZ_P ) NTkT V I2Q W`V Ops_PJI E W OaG G I9T * QaG W 9I D T`J V I7Q A ;F7G * _OjG
9OjGQaG[I9TZGP$F2G[ORG
JUTkFTkFKGPJ|OlO V U V L G[O&J D V I7Q A
C T`_O\T7_>I7G
V 9G
JTkF_pQj _[OjG(QSFKGPGPT V9W 9_PKG[O E
] KG[I_IsG NJQ\T`JI9$ V 9G A
C _[L G>TF2G D NOaORG[I9T2 V 9G A
OaJI9T V TXTFKG#_PJUI+JQ\XU_ * A
OaJI9T V TXTFKG D NO\OSG[I9T D OaGP_QaG 9_PTkT G[O\I A
HpI7 V TFKG
U_PQ\TlQaT G[ A
G V TkF7G |_ QSTK+IK V IKGpQ\T G A
}K|JUTF2G>K_[KG[O V LdG[O
F V OaJ V I9T`_P| * A
}K|JUTF2G>K_[KG[O V LdG[O
L G[O\T`J D _P| * A
V T`_[TZG>TFKG> V 9GP D V D
V T`_[TZG>TFKG> V 9GP D V +I9TZG[O D V D
JUQjG
NG W _[9T c
JQaG
+G W _[9T c A
; V vfG>TkF7G>L+JUQaJ ) JUUJT *BVKW L9G[OZT`J D GQ V I V9W\W A
e
A
FXJT G<Q\J+G>9 A
; V vfG>TkF7G>L+JUQaJ ) JUUJT *BVKW GPdNGPQ V I VKW\W A
; V vfG>TkF7G>L+JUQaJ ) JUUJT *BVKWlW _ D GPQ V I VXWZW A
A
A
A } V :9JUI $; VXV :Q
W`V U+JI9
;F2G
T V9V ) _[O
FX_Q
) +T`T V I2Q
W`V O
D OjGP_[T`JI9
D ORG _QRGQ>_I2 \W V U +JI9_P V I G +JQ\T`JUI+ D OjGP_PQjGQ A
QSJUXG _PIK D V KUG
J|TZQ V
I ) TkT V I
G _PO W`V E G[T DA A
W _ D G QORG 9JOSGP
I2G
_ D F VXW TF2G
W`V UT * 7GPQ>NGQ D OaJ ) G9OjG LNJ V KQa * FK_Q
G A A LN_PUUG *!W`V E V NI9T`_PJI
W`V E Oa_ )9) JUT
;F2G QaG[OQjGPUG D TZQ$TkFKG L G[OZT`J D GQ E GPdNGQ V O
W`V O$_ D GPO\T`_PJIT * KG VKW<W`V U E _[I7
TFKG[I
TkFKG
KQjG O D |J D NQ V ITFKG_9XO V 9OaJU_[TZG ) NTkT V I T V QaGPUG D TTkF7GT * 2G
VXW$W`V U
) 8 $& )6 2& & #!
TFX_T<JQ'9GQaJOaG A
T * KG V9W$W`V
) G
9O V LNJU9GP A
;F2GPQjG
_[OjG
TV
QGPUG D T
TkFKG
+J WZW G ORG[I9T
U_[I7d^_[O NQ
TV
J|I7+J D _TZGP
KQaJI9
V QG
|_PI7d^_[O NQ W O V
T`FKG
_ D F
JU|G fKG D T
+JORG D T` *
TkF7G> V NG N+JQ\XU_ * G V IT`FKGpQ D OjGPG[I A
W TF2G
QaG[O V GPQI V TQaGPUG D TlTF2G D V OZOaG D TlI N ) G[O>_I2T * 7G VKW JT`G[ Q>ORGv9JOjGP W`V O _ D G OZT`_PJI
T * KG VKW D ORG _QaG V O WZV U E _[I!_[ +J ) G_PUGPOZT
TkF7G<9O V+) G[ A ;FKG<KQjG[O
JUU ) G'Q V 9IK9GPs_I2TkFKGQaTk_PTk Q ) _O
J|UXJI7+J D _[TZG
JU|9TF2G[IFK_[LNG$TkFKG V 9 V O\TkNIKJT * T V D V O\OjG D T&TkF7G<9O V+) G[
_[f_PJUI A
ef
_[I7 TO *
A
A
A A_
V V L9GPOJ D V IzQ WZV OT`F7G WZV 9JUIXT VXV :Q
, V JIT V LNG[OaT`J D GQ
4_ NG#_KG[OZ2G[I7+J D |_O
|JUI2G
g UJMfIT V LNG OZT`J D GPQ
g UJMfIT V GdfGQ
_PUG *W`V
4 V 9I9T`_PJI WZV U
\I2QaJ+G ORG LNGPORQG
|fK_[KGPO V NT
;> D BX_KG O&JI
GP_[T
>OaJ
_ )9) JT ZG _O
C _Q\F W`V
G[T`_P W`V _> V JI9T
] KG[I^QaJI
A
A
] 9TZQaJU9G>ORG[L9G[OSQaG
G[T`_P W`V _[IGdfG
> V QjGPQaJI
A A ) >OjGP_.QJUI
;F7G< V D _T`J V I VXW D OjG _ QjGQ
LN_P|UG *V O> V 9I9T`_PJI W`V U9Q >
s_ *) G$JI7+J D _PT GsJI QaG[LNG OR_P
9GQ D OaJ ) G )+* TF2G W JOjQ\T W`V NO VKW
JT`_ Q V OaJv_P^J_ NJ V Q'JI
A A A
_ * Q _Q
aT<JQ'J V O\T`_I9T$T V
JUI D M 9G>TFKG W J W TkF_[I7QaJ fTF _ NJ V Q0JI _ D V KUG T G V ORJMf_PJN V 9GPU|JI9Q * Q\TZG[ E ) 9T7TkFKG * _[ORG
I V Tl+JQ D KQjQaG'JITkFKJQ0J|KUG[G[I9T`_[T`J V I A ;F7G WZV NOl^G TF V NQ VKW s_ fJI9$_ W`V '_[ORG TkFKG[I
•
•
•
} V T`F9O V +fFT V V J|I9TZQ
G A A V JUIT V L GPOaT`J D GQ
g UJfIsT V L GPOaT`J D GQ
g UJfIsT V GdNGQ
efc
JUT`F_ D OSG _QjG
•
} V _PIGdNG T V J|TZQjGP W TkFKO V +fF^_ D G[OaT`_PJUI V JUI9T0Q V TkFK_PT2T`FKG W\V JQ2GPOZ2GPI2+J D 9U_PO
T V T`FKG<GdNG A
_ D F VXW TkFKG W`V O+J W\W G[OSG[I9T2T * KGQ VKWW`V U9Q FK_Q>JTZQ V
I ) NTkT V I V ITkFKGpT VKV ) _[O A ; V D ORGP_[T`G
_ D ORG _QaGpTkFK_PT V JI2QT V V JI9TZQ E TF2G
QjG[O(QaG G D TZQT`FKG
T V L G[OZT`J D GQ T V ) G
KQjGPO D F V9V QjGPQ0TkFKG
, V JUIT V LNGPO\T`J D GPQ
D OaGP_QaG D ORG _TZGP JUIsTkFKJQ
) +TT V I W O V
V JIKG A ;F7G[ITkFKG
TFKG<OaGP_QaGQ0T VKV ) _[O V O0G[I9 ABg
_ * ^_ * D O V QjQ V TkF7G[O GPddGPQ E _IKsJ W Q V E IKG
_PTKTkF7G#JI9TZG[OSQaG D T`J V I7Q A ;FKG>I7G
L9G[OZT`J D GQ
IKG
J|U ) G_ 9+G
D OjGP_PQjG>^_ * _PQ V X_QjQlTkF V +fF_PUORG _ * G NJQ\T`JI9<L G[O\T`J D GQ A
; V D OjG[_PT G_ D OaGP_QaG'T`F9_PT(JQpTkFKGOaGQ\9T VXW _PUJM.IKJI ^T V V J|I9T Q E TkFKG'KQaGPO D F VXV QjGPQ<TFKG'T V
V JI9TZQ TkFK_[T_[ORGT V
) G_PUJM.I2GP_[I7
g |JvI
D |J D +QTkFKG
T V
) NTT V I
L9G[OZT`J D GQ
WOV
TkF7G
>ORG _QRGQ>T V9V ) _PO V O> G[I A ;FKG ) JQjG D T V O VKW TkFKGQaG$T V V JI9TZQ E J W>V IKGG +JQ\TZQpJITF2G$XU_[IKG
VKW TkF7G
K_[KG[O E JQ D _P D 9U_[T`G A
D OaGP_QaGQ0_[OjG D OSG _T`G E _[I7TF2GIKG
G
LdG OZT`J D GPQTkFK_[T0_OaJQaG W O V
TFXJQ D OSG _QaG<UJI7G D O V QjQaJI V TkFKG[O
GPdNGPQ0_PORG _+9GP A
; V _P|JfIT V D OjGP_QaGQ I V T2IKG D GQaQa_POaJ| * X_Oa_P|GP E TFKG# QG[O D F V9V QjGQ0TkFKGpT V D OjG _ QjGQ0TFX_T
_OjG
TV
) G_P|JvIKG E _[I7
9O V fOR_[
QaGPG D TZQTkF7G
TkF7G[I
g UJM.I
J|U W JIKT`FKG ) JQaG D T V O V9W T`FKGQaG T V
G +JQ\TZQ E _I2'_ 9TF2G D ORG _QRG Q 0
_[I7'_I * I2G
T V
) NTT V I
GdfGQ
GPddGQ'JI
V O G[I JT G A
;FKG
T`FKG K|_IKG VKW TF2GX_KG O E J W$V I7G
LNGPO\T`J D GQ0T V T`FKG> V 9G f_PQ ) G W`V OjG A
; V D OjG[_PT`G$_ D OaGP_QaG<T`F9_PTJQ>KG[OZ2G[I7+J D |_O>T V _[I!Gd G E _[I7s9_QjQaGQ TFXO V NvF _fJLNGPI V JI9T E
TkF7G# QaG[O D F V9V QaGQ0TF2GpGdfGp_[I7'TkF7G V JI9T7TkFK_PT
_OaG T V) G# QaG JIsT`FKJUQ D V I7Q\TkOZ D T`J V I A ;F7G[I
TkF7G'KQaG[O D UJ D +QpTkF7G
4_
G _KG[O\7G[IK+J D 9U_[OGPddG
) NTkT V I
WOV
TkFKG^ ORGP_QaGQ<T V9V ) _[O V O
G[I9 A ;FKG'KO V vOR_[
JUU W JI75TFKG'2G[OZ7G[IK+J D 9U_[OBT V
TkFKO V NvFTkFKG
JMLNG[I^ V JIKT A ;FKG
I7G
GdfG Q
TF2G'fJL G[I
UJIKG E
J|U ) G<_P99GP E _[I7 I7G
FKJ D F
_PQ V X_QjQaGQ
LNG[OZT`J D GQ>_+9GP_Q>JI
TkF7G D _QaG VKW V JIKJ|I9BT V LNGPO\T`J D GPQ A
; V) G[I2$TkFKG 9_PKG[O&_P V I D OjG[_QjG Q 0
9G W JIKG$9OaG[LNJ V Qa * E TkFKG# QjG[O0 Q\T D F V9V QRG#TF2GpGdfG Q
TV
) G[IK
_P V I E _I2TkF7G[I
>UJ D $_IKdOa_[BT`FKG W |_
) 9TT V I A
@ G[IK
9OaGQjQ'TkF7G
V L G J W TkFKG D F V QaG[I^QaG T VKW Gd GQ0 V GQ
I V T2_PU V
°
JU|QZT V
V O b E TkFKG
9O V vOa_
V O b fc E OaGQ\7G D T`JML GP * A
JQ'ORGPUG _QjGP E TFKG W U_[
°
°
_PU V
L G OZT`J D GPQ<_PIKGPdNGPQ<TkFK_[T(|JUG'L G[O * D V QaGT V fG[TF2G[O A
g
e+A
JU|NI V T2 V L G A ;FKG W U_[
W TkF7G W U_[
JQL G[O *
JTkF
J|U
J|UfI V T
JTF V NT D +OZL9GPQ\NO W _ D GQ A Y
Q V MNT`J V I E T V
TkFKJ D vIKGQjQJITF2GK_[KGPO<ORG[XORGQRG[IXT_PT`J V I E _[I7T V
A
A
D V QaGsT V
F7G[I
) GPJI
J|U+_[NT V ^_[T`J D _P| * D V OaOaG D T2TFKG
V QaJ|T`J V IT V fc+A ;FKJQJQ_sTZG[ V Oa_[O *
9O V ) UG[ E QaGPG TkFKGp+JQ D KQjQaJ V I JI
V LNJI9 A
W`V +JI
JU|pQZF V
JUTkFsTFKG<G W T ) NTT V I9G[9ORGQjQaG E TkFKG W U_[
) G ) G[I9T2_P V I+$TkFKGpQjGPUG D T GPGd G Q E _[IK$T`FKG V TF2G[O W _ D GPQ
WZV U9GPG N_ D T` * c
E _[I7TF2G>KQRG[OQGPUG D T`Q_#L G[OZTZG E Gd G V O W _ D G T V) G<dOR_[vfG
TkF7G
V KQaG A$g QT`FKG
KQaGPO V LdGQTkF7G
V KQaG
TkF7G ) NTkT V I
G fT E TkFKG Q\T`_[Tk Q ) _[O
D V KG[I2Qa_[TZG W`V OTkFKG_ D
TkF7G'KQaGPO<T V
+J WZW G[ORG[I9T`J|_PT G ) G[T
°
VKW
GPG[I
} V O$_ V ORGOaJ V O V Q'Q V NT`J V IT V TFXJQ
AbvA
A A D C JUs7G'} V :XQ
A
JQ V IKG>TFX_T2J|I9L V MLdGQ W`V U+JUI9_P V I V IKG W`V UJI2G E V O_pQjG[T VKW D V JUI D J+G[I9TlUJ|IKGQ E
V IK * A } V OG _ D F VKW TkF7G 9OjG `9G W JIKG W\V U9Q E TkFKG# QjG[O0 QaT W JOSQ\TlJI2+J D _[TZGpTkF7G< V D _T`J V I2Q VXW _PU
D OaGP_QaGQ TFX_T
JU| ) GJI L V L GP
JUI
TFKG W`V A
;FKJQ JQ D _PUGP
9b
J J! _[I7
JQQZT`_[IK+_POR
9Oa_ D T`J D G
JIOjG[_P V OaJM _[sJ A ;FX_T
JQ E TkFKG# QjG[O0 Q\T2KQjG
_ D V ) JIX_T`J V I VXW TkFKG D ORG _QaJI9T V9V Q
9GQ D OaJ ) G'JI
A A
A A ) T V V TkF7G>9OjG D OaGP_QaJI BORGv9JUOaG W`V O0_I *
V9W TFKG W`V U V
JI9 W`V NQ A
; V D OSG[_PT`G
_ LN_PUUG *W`V U V O& V NIKTk_PJUI W`V E ORGQ\2G D T`JL G * E TFKG QjG[O D F V9V QaGQ TF2GBGd G Q T V
WZV U_P V I9 E _[I7_'LdG[OaT`G TFX_T JQ V ITkF7G' V L+JI9K_POZT VXW TkFKG9_PKG[O A
GdfG JQ D F V QaG[I E TF2G[ITFKGQjG Gd GQ0KQ\T ) G D V JI D JU9G[I9T A
V +I9T`_PJUI W`V
) +T`T V I V O(TkF7G
b fc[E FKG V OQ\FKG'I7GPG V IK * D |J D
V ITFKG
;F7G K_[KGPO$JQ_IXJ^_[T`Gd OaJI V NIKTk_PJUI
K_[KGPO'JQ'_ D Tk _P| *!WZV U+JI A
V
^GP_[I
TkF9_PTTFKG
D V |UJQaJ V I!9G[T`G D T`J V I_OjG<I V T0KQRG
W TkFKG
QaG O
V O
_PIKLN_P|G * W`V +Q E Q V
GT V
TkF9O V +.F
JTZQaG W A
JQZFKGQT V D V I9T`JI9KGpTkFKG
L+_PUG *
V
bjE QaJUI D G5TFXJQ
G[LNG[O E V TF2G[O!G[_PIKQ VKW
J|U ) G<_P| V
GPT V FK_[KKG[I A } V O>_+JUQ D KQjQaJ V I
VKW TkF7G +J W\W J D T`JGQ VKW D V |UJQSJ V I^NG[TZG D T`J V INIK9G[OlTkF7G
Q D V KG VKW TFXJQ
9O V G D T E QaGG
L G OZT`G
JUI
A A V ^XG
TkFK_[I
edA
A A
} V KQ
_[ORG'TkF V QjG'TkFK_[T JI9L V ML G'TF2GQaJ T`_[IKG V KQ<_PIKJ |_T`J V I
VXW V OSG'TkFK_[I
V I7G
V O GPdNG A ;FXJQ>_PUQ V ^GP_[I7Q TFX_TQ V G W _ D GQ V L G<JI +J W\W G[ORG[I9T+JOjG D T`J V IKQ A ;FKJQ JQ
D V I9TkOa_QZTT V QaJsKUG `W V U 9Q E
Q * QZTZG[
_[f_PJI A
TkFK_[TBJT<_P9KGP_[OjQ$TkFK_[TBTkFKG
W`V ) G *.V IK
) TkT V I
J A G A J W T V I V I `_ | _ D GPI9T W _ D GQ VXW TkF7G$X_KG O FK_[9KG[I T V
JUI9TZG[OjQaG D Tld9OaJI9$TF2G W`V E TFKG<JIXT G[OjQjG D T`J V I
A
A
V I7G
G fT E TkFKG# QjG[O D F VKV QGQGPJTkF7G[O0TkF7G
V +I9T`_PJI
;F7G K_[KGPO'JUQI V T<_PU V
9_PKG[OJQ5K_QjQaJI
W V OjGTFX_I
) 9TkT V I A ;FKG$9_PKG[OpJQ TkF7G[I_[NT V ^_[T`J D _PU *
LN_P|UG *^W`V U
WZV U9GP_P V I TkFKG D F V QaG[I GPdNG Q 0
T V fc+A ) * 9G W _[9UT A
WZV UT V
JKUG ^G[I9T`JI9 D V KG
FKGPOaG'_PU W _ D GQ D _[I ) G V LNGQaJsJU|_Oa * A ;F9KQ<_[I
V OaJf_sJ
W`V +Q>KQ\T ) G<_ ) G
T V F9_[I7+UG
T`FKG
^_[IKJ |_T`J V I VKW V OjG
V I2G'LNGPO\T G !_T _T`JG A ;FKJQ<JKUG[G[I9T`_[T`J V I_ D FKJUG L GQ ) _PQaJ DD V KUG
W`V +JI E ) NT
V GQ<IKG JUTkFKG[O$_IXJUs_T`J V I
_PI7
efA
A
I V O D V U|JQaJ V I
+G[TZG D T`J V I
W`V O$JI9T G OZKG[I7G[TkOa_T`JI W _ D GQ A
edA
C GG
A
W`V Ol V OSG
NG[T`_PJ|Q A
OaG D OjGP_PQaJI9JUQGQaQjG[I9T`J|_P W`V O
Oa_ )9) JUT` GP_[O E KGPTk_P _[ORG V IKG
D V XUG
)+*
W`V U9Q A
g | D V KG
W JOjQ\T D ORG _T`JI
W`V 9Q
_P|IKG D GQaQa_PO *
G A A OaG[LNGPOaQjG E Qv9_Q\F E
D ORG _QRGQKQaJI9
D OjG[_QaG
TF2G
) +TT V IKQ9GPQ D OaJ ) GP$KOaG[LNJ V QS * E _[I7TFKG[I D F V9V QaJI9<TF2G _P99O V 9OaJU_[T`G ) TkT V I A
; V D OSG[_PT`G
_pOjG[LNG[OjQjG W\V U E TFKG
KQjG[O D F V9V QaGQ T V +JQ\T`JI D TxGPdNGQ V O>_I * I N ) G[O VKW Gd GQ E
_Q V I _QTkFKG * _OjG D V JI D JU9G[I9T0T V T V +JQ\T`JI D TGdfGQ E _PIK _<L G[O\TZG
T`F9_PTJUQ#T Vs) G V LNG
JUI TF2G W`V U A ;F7G[I TF2G KQaG[O D F V9V QaGQ>GPJTkFKGPO0TFKG
) NTkT V I V O
OjG[LNG[OjQjG
W`V
) NT`T V I A
;FKGKO V .Oa_[
ZIKQSJ9G
ORGL G[OjQaG W`V
JU| D _P D 9U_[T G
JUI L V L9GPsJI!TkFKG$ORG LNGPORQG W`V U E _I2 V LNG<T`FKG[ A
OjG[LNG[OjQjG W`V 9Q D _[I9I V T< G[I2G[Oa_PU *!) G V IKG
TkFKG
] NTZQaJU9G
W JIX_P$ V D _[T`J V I7Q VKW TFKG
W _ D GQ
V _[IKJU _T`J V IJUQ
KG[O W`V Oa^GP5FKG[OjG E QSJI D G
JTkF V 9T ) G[I2+JUI+Q V G W _ D GQ E _[I7NI W`V +JI
Q V ^G V9W TFKG> V NG NQa|J.FXT` * A , Q\TKTkF7G W JIK_PvOaGQ\9T V9W T`FKG#ORG[LNG[OjQjG WZV U'JQ+JQ\XU_ * G A
; V D OSG[_PT`G
_BQj _Q\F W`V U E TkF7G
KQaG[O D F V9V QaGQTkF7G<Gd GQ )2V OR+GPOaJUI+TkF7G W |_T V) G$Qv9_Q\F7GP E
_PI7sTkFKGL G[OZTZG _[TT`FKG$T`J
V9W T`FKG W U_[ A ;FKG'KO V .Oa_[
TkF7G
V D _[T`J V I V9W TFKG#T V IKG
D _PITkFKG[I_[ T V ^_[T`J D _P| * 9G[T`G[ORsJIKG
D ORG _QRGQ0TFX_T
_92GP_[OdNOaJI9_$Qjv9_Q\F E _I2TkF7G[IsKGPO W\V OZ
TkF7G
WZV U A ; FKGBQj 9_QZF W`V U JQ_[IKJs_[TZGP_QJT0JUQ W`V +G E J W V JI Q V V 9'I V TlOaG JOjG D O\LNJI
g
TkF7G>K_[KG[O A
KG[T`_P W`V V I_p V JI9T&JQpGQaQjG[I9T`J|_PU * T V OaG[L G[OjQaG W`V 9Q V ITkFKGQaJU9GQ
_[IKsTkFKG[I!_<LN_P|G *
WZV UsT Vs) OaJI TkFKG< V JIXT0NT V TF2G<T V A ; V KG[T`_P W`V _ V JI9T E TkFKG$KQjG[OB V GQ\I TIKGGPsT V
9G W JIKG<_PU9TkFKG D ORG _QRGQ>JI9L V ML GP A ;(FKG
KQaGPO D F V9V QjGPQ>TFKG< V JIXTlTFX_T0JQ T V V LNGdNOaJI TkF7G
WZV U E _I2sTFKG'T V!W`V +G!GPdfGQ
TFX_T _[ORGT V) G'KQjGP A ; FKG[ITFKG9O V vOR_[
9G[TZG[OZsJIKGQ0TkFKG V D _[T`J V I VXW _PU D ORGP_QaGQ
_[+T V ^_[T`J D _P| *
J W TkF7G W`V 'JQ
V QjQSJ ) UG
0_[IK D V KG[T GQlTkF7G WZV U A
; V KG[T`_P W`V '_[I Gd G E TFKG#KO V D GPQjQJQ0T`FKGBQS_^G
_Q W`V O07G[T`_P W`V U+JI _p V JI9T E ) NT2TkFKJQ0T`JG
TkF7G>KQaG[OxQjG UG D T`Q0TFKG
GPddG>TkFK_[T2JQ
T V') G> V L GP'JI7Q\TZGP_P VXW TF2G V JI9T A
} V O'_Oa_ )9) JUT `GP_[O W`V E TkFKG KQjG[OQaGPUG D TZQ'TF2G W U_[TkFK_[T$JQ'T V
) TkT V I A
_ )9) JT \GP_[O W`V U
;F7G59O V vOa_
_[NT V s_[T`J D _PU *
TkFKORGPG(LN_PUG *W`V NQ E _I2_P99Q
TFKGQjG D OSG _ QGQ
T V TkF7G> V +GP Ag
LN_P|G *W`V U W`V U V
GP )9* _ OSG LNG[OSQaG W`V E Q V TkFKG KO V vOR_[
TkF7G W _ D GQ0JI9L V ML GP'JUITFKG W`V E _[I7' V L9GPQTkFKG[
) G W\V U9GP E _[IK
KORGQjQaGQ'TkF7G
V GQTFKG5KOaG D ORG _QaJI9
VXW TkF7G
Oa_ )K) JT \G[_O W`V JQGQjQaGPI9T`JU_P| * _
NG[TZG[O\^JIKGQTkFKG W JIX_PN V QaJT`J V IKQ VKW
T V TkFKGPJ|O W JUI9_P9 V D _[T`J V I A
V _IXJU_PT`J V IsJQ
KGPO WZV O\^G W`V OlOa_ )9) JUT `GP_[O W`V 9Q A
] KG[I^_[I7 D V QjGPsQaJI NQ
J|U ) G D OaGP_[T G^QaJsJU|_Oa * T V OjG L G[ORQjG WZV U9Q A }KJ|ORQaT E TF2G
QaG[O D OjG _T`GQ
_PI7QjG UG D TZQ _PUfTkFKG D OjG[_QjGQ0IKGGP+GJIsTkFKG V 7G[I V O D V QaG QaJI
]KG[IQaJI
) TkT V I V OTFKG
> V QjGPQaJI
A ;FKG[IsT`FKG
QaG OQjGPUG D TZQTkFKG
) NTkT V I A ;F2G 9O V .Oa_[
D _P D |_TZGQTkFKG< V D _[T`J V I
VKW TkF7G Q\9I fG[I W _ D GPQ E _[I7_[NT V s_T`J D _PU * D ORG _T`GQ TFKG D V OZOjG D T V OaNG O VXW TkFKGpJ|I9T G[OaJ V O|_ * G[OjQ VKW
K_[KGPO
T V D V KUG[TZG>TF2G QaJUI
W\V U A>g IKJ|_PT`J V IJQ
I V TK2G[O W`V OZGP W`V OQaJI
W`V 9Q A
A
A
A
_PI7+_PO ; VXV Q
) 3 8" * 2&& *!
;F7G<T V9V Q>TFX_T_POaG$_[LN_PJ|U_ ) UG$T V 9G W JIKG$|_I2fs_O NQ V ITF2G$K_[KGPO
_IK5TFKG JOpO V U V LNG OpJ D V I7Q
_POjG
4_ NG _>LNG[OZTZG _[T2TFKG>sJd V JIKT V9W _[I^G NG A
C KUJT<_[IGd GsJUI9T V
T V
KJG D GQ'_[TB_ D G OZT`_PJI
9O V V OZT`J V I A
KQjGPOl9O V LNJNGQlTkF7G>9O V V OZT`J V I _Q0_Oa_T`J V LNJU_ _p+JU_P V )KV
C KUJT
TF2Gs_I UG ) G[T
GPG I
T V
Gd GQ'JI9T V
;FKG
A
QjG LNG[OR_PGv9_P_PI+fUGQ
_PI7 _P9GdfGQ>_TQ\K|JTl V JI9TZQ A ;FKG
KQjG[O9O V LNJNGQTkF7G<I N ) G[O
VKW XJUG D GQ
L+JU_ _p+JU_P V )KV
A
C KUJT2_[IGd G#JUI9T V Gv9_PNQaJ G'KJUG D GQ _I2_ 9'IKG
QaXUJT$ V J|I9T Q A
; FKG5 QaGPO9O V LNJNGQ
) +TT V II V T * G[T2JKG[^GPI9T`G A LNJU__!+JU_P V
L G OZTkJ D GQ _T
)KV
A
; F9JQ
A
A A
J|OaT`K_d;(Oa_ D
>_PGPOj_<_PI7
) _
) 814 4&72 & *!
;F7G( QaG[OJUQ0_ ) G>T V D V I9TkO V dTFKG
WO V
_[I * _[I9fUG<_I2
LNJG
V9W T`FKGs V +GPKQaJI
V9V
D _P^G[Oa_
W _ D T V O A'g
V OlL+JUG
V JI9TlQ V TkFK_[TKTkF7G> V 9GPvs_ *$) G#LNJUG
LNJOZTk9_P9TkOR_ D ) _PU9_PU V
TkFKGs V QjG+J|ORG D T` * A
GP
QTkF7G
KQaG[OT V ^_[IKJ |_TZG<TkFKG
;F7G QjG[O D |J D NQ _I *
F2G[ORG V I
TFKG
+JQSK_ * E _[I7dOR_[NQ
TFKG V KQaGT V O V T`_T`GTkFKG V +GP A ;F7G D _G[Oa_ D V I9TkO V l_PQ V JI D M 9GQ
TkF7GPQjG W NI D T`J V IKQ E Q\F V
IF7G[ORG
JT`FTFKG JUOlO V U V L G[O0J D V IKQ
VXV JI V +
T E V O0JI
TV p
_ Q\7G D J W J D _ OjGP_
A
A
; JU|TK+ N V
_PIUG W T vOaJ.F9T A
I A
V T`_TZG>TkFKG> V 9G A
A g IKJ|_PTZJ V I
) 3 8" ) 6)& 4&72 & *!
\ITkFKG W JOjQ\T>L G[OjQaJ V I E _PIKJs_[T`J V I
WZV U9Q A
g Q$_ V NI9T`_PJI
V DPD NOjQ W`V OQaJ KG W`V U9Q V I9 *
J A G A V NI9T`_PJI
V O<LN_P|G *!W`V JQ D OSG _T`G E TkFKG V NG JQ'_[IKJU _PT GT V
fe
_I2LN_P|UG *
Q\F V
TkF7G
WZV U+JUI 9O V D GQaQ A ; FKJUQ JQ V QjQaJ ) G ) G D _[ QaG<TkF7G V IX * 9_POaT Q VXW TFKG V 9GP9TkFK_[TI7GPGsT V5) G
_PIKJs_[TZGP_[OjG>TF2G V IKGQ+JORG D T` * JUI L V LNG'JITkF7G WZV U A
V
G LNGPO E _ D FKJUG LNJI9
_
D V XUG
W`V U
JQ
V OaG
D FX_PUUG[I J|I+ A
g Q
_
D V XG
W`V
JUQ
KGPO WZV O\^G E JTJQ V QQaJ ) UGTFX_T V TFKG O(X_O\TZQ VKW TkFKG V 9G lIKGPGPT V V LdG V O ) G'9I W`V +G
_PI7
ORG W`V +G A
V OZOjG D Ts_IXJU_PT`J V I
VKW TFXJQ5OSGv9JORGQ_9X * JI
D V IKQSTOa_PJI9TZQ V Is_PUfX_OaT`Q V9W TkFKGp V NG A ;F Q E D V KUG
WZV U
D _[I
V DD NO E ) NT_[IKJs_T`J V I
e+A
+JQ D KQjQaJ V I VKW TkFKJQ E QGPG
;F7G( QaG[O0FK_PQ0TFKG W`V U V
V9W TkFKG
W`V +JI
_[I7Q V MLNJI9
fG V G[TkOaJ D
W`V 9QFX_92G[I_PU9_[T V I D G E J A G A E TkF7G
9O V D GQjQJQI V T V IKG A
} V O
A A
JI9 ) NT`T V I7Q
T V D V I9TkO V vT`FKGX_ D G VKW Q\T`G[7Q
TFXO V +.FTkF7G> V 9G U_ * TF2G _[IKJs_T`J V I A
C TV TkF7G#_IXJ^_[T`J V I A
V T V TkFKG ) G[fJI9IXJI9 VXW TkF7G#_IXJ^_[T`J V I A
V T V TkFKGpG[IK V9W TkFKG _IXJ^_[T`J V I : W JIK_Pv V 9GP A
VW`V O
_Oj V I7GpQ\T`G[JITkFKG _IXJ^_[T`J V I A
V) _ D
VW`V O
V) _ D
V IKGpQ\TZG[ A
_Oj V I7G W Oa_[^G VKW TF2G _[IKJs_T`J V I A
V IKG W Oa_G A
W Oa_P^G5I9N ) G[OJI2+J D _[T V O^_[IK
g
V
W NO\TF2G[O
ITkFKGpQ\T`_TkKQ ) _[O A
QZTZG[
I N ) G[OsJI7+J D _T V O
<¦d § (H05Ba1
5
) 3 8 ;F7G>s_PJI G[I ) _[OlFK_Q
TF2G W`V | V
A A fAb }KJ:G
$/
C T`_O\Tp_IKG
JI W NI D T`J V IKQ
V +GP W O V
_ W U_[TpXJG D G VKW K_[KG[O A
Qj _POjG V9W 9_PKG[O
T`F9_PT(JQ D V V 9ORG V I
V IKGQaJNG_[I7
;(FKG+G W _[ T
J|U0KQRGs_
FKJTZG V ITkF7G V TF2G[O A
\I
NG[I7G[Oa_P E TkFKG'KQjG[Ops_ * D F V9V QaGTFKG'X_2G[OQ\FK_[KG_[I759O V V OZTkJ V I7Q E _ Q\T`_[OZT`JI
) _QaG
G A A 9OjG UJsJIK_[O *W`V E
_PT`G[O )KV )) _QaG E ) JOj ) _ QG E G[T DvA E7D V V 9O V9W TkFKG
K_[KGPO E _[I7$TZG fTk9ORG V IT`FKG>K_[KGPO A
-
=
,. +(
79 -(-
JI _[IK V O&_[+.G[I9T`_T`J V I A
OaJI9TXT`FKG J^_[fG V9W TkFKG D +OZOjG[I9T D V IXT G[I9TZQ V9W TkF7G D G[I9TkOa_P
OaJI9TXTF2G J^_[fG VKW TF2G D 9OZORG[IXT D ORGP_PQjG>K_[TkTZG[OZI A
JTXT`FKG>9O V fOa_[ A
O V 9T W`V OQa_[LNG J W I2G D GQjQS_O * A
JUT
7
fH
C _[L G _[IJs_[ G V9W TkFKG D NOZOjG[I9T D V IXT G[IXT Q VKW TkF7G D G[I9TkOa_P
+(
A A fA C _[L9GTkFKG D NOZOjG[I9TK V +GPfJ|I D K+JI9<TFKGpQST G[2QlT V ^_ NG#JT A
7& 9:-9 9OaG[LNJ V Qa * Q\_[L GP' V 9GP W JUUG W`V OlLNJG
.]KG[I_
I7 V TF2G U_Q\TlQ\T G[ V O&_[I * I9N ) G[O VKW QZTZG[2Q
G V TkF7G#U_PQaTXNIK V IKGpQ\T G[ A
f
J W JU 9UG[ G[I9T`G A
JI2 V
JI7 V
A
A
3
&
g 9'_ D V V NOls_O fJ|I+T V _[I^Gd G E LNGPO\T G
V O W_ D G A
O V s9T W`V O&TkF7G V+) U G D T
T V) G>^_[O NGP A
-,. X
G UG[TZG_ D OjGP_PQjG
IKGGP9GP A
g
GdfG
V O<LNGPOZT`G
s_ *
LdG[O\TZG
V IK *
) G
WOV
TF2G V +GP0TkFK_[T$JUQI V
J W JTZQ
+GPG[T G
_P U _ D G[I9TG NGQ
V I G O
D _[I
) G
D V ) JIKG'JI9T V _pQaJI9fGpQ\TOa_PJvF9TlGPddG A
: - FX_I
G _ Lf_P|G * D OaGP_QjG JI9T V _> V NIXT_PJ|I D OSG _ QG E V OlL+J D G kLNG ORQa_ A
A A fA
JG
, ", 2 >-8' P4
6
A A fA
C G[TKTkF7G _[ V +I9T VKW
V9V
V ITFKG# V 9GPf+JQ\XU_ *
V L G>TkFKG D _[^GPO\_pUG W T V O&OaJM.F9T2JITkFKGs_PJI^+JUQaXU_ *
JIK V
_P2GO
<>
"
2 - V 9G[ V L9G[O E _QJ W JT
v}K|JUTkFKGBG[I9T`JOjG
A
JI2 V
A
G[OaGp * JI
V I_>T`_ ) G A
-&/ 9 (
-( 7
( &/ 9
D G[O\T`_PJII99 ) G[O V9W NG fORGPGQ
T`_ ) G A
R BC
W _ D GT V
G UG D T_
s_
G
V T`_[TZGTkFKG^G[IXT`JORG V 9G )+* _
VXW TkFKG
c jE2bjE V O QaG[O `QaKG D J W JGJITFKG
K|_I2G
JI9L+JQaJ ) G E T V
_PU V
LNJUG
JUI+
_I2
FKJN9G[I V JI9TZQ A
'
7 .FX_I
" '%(
G TkFKG V L G[Oa_PU D V V +O VKW TkF7G +JQa9|_ * GP'9_PKG[O A
g 9K * _I V LNG OR_P|vT G Tk+OSG>s_T V TF2G 9_KG O A
fc
QaG G D T`J V I
V9W
A A fA } V :
;F7G W`V | V
JI W`V U+JI9 W +I D T`J V I7Q
_[OSG'_[LN_PJ|_ ) UGNI2NG[OpTkF7G } V ssG[I9 A
VKW TkF7GPQjG W NI D T`J V I2Q E KUGP_QG(QGPG
A A
A A
4/0 7-9
-> > - >
2 7 82 &<->- - (
7
= >79 42 - 2 47 -'
9 &
9 -(9 " , - "2 4 1 9 89: &
A A fAe _PI7+_PO +Q
7 -' "4
P^JMLNJ+G
7 -' 9 ' "4
7 -' "4
'8 / - 9
:9 -
9
3-&
'8 / '79
} V OBNGQ D OaJ9T`J V I7Q
A A fA
TkFKGpQaGPG D TZGPGPdNG JI9T V
sJL+JU9GTkF7G Gd G JI9T V <
K_[OZTZQ
KQaJI _>OR_[T`J V A
PsJLNJ9GTkFKG
_[I9fG#JI9T V
G _Pd9_POZTZQ A
g IKJ|_PTZG
=
61
C T`_[OZTXTF2G _[IKJs_T`J V I A
C T V TkFKG _[IKJ|_PT`J V I A
/ V L G W`V O
P4
# "&/0-
4
V LdG ) _ D
_[OR V IKGpQ\T`GPJITkF7G>_PIKJs_[T`J V I A
G N_PfX_O\TZQ A
_POR V I7GpQ\T`G[JUITkFKG _[IKJs_PT`J V I A
9:
A A fA C GPT`T`J|IK9Q
V T V TFKG
QZ2G D J W JUGQ\T`G[^JITkFKG _IXJUs_T`J V I A
JI JUQ0_I V I VXWZW T V v G A
_ D F VKW TkFKG W`V | V
= / - 779 -'-9 2" 79
->7-4, =7 4,.
.
/ ,.
F V9V QaGp+J|_[.Oa_
= / 9: 9
C F V
V IK *V O W`V U V 9G A
V OlFKJU9G>TkF7G D OjGP_PQjG>K_[TTZG[OaI A
C F V
= / -,.- -( 9
V OlFKJNG#TFKG W`V +JI JI2QZTkO\ D T`J V I2QlT`G fT )KV
C F V
= / ,.- 7 9
V OlFKJU9G>TkFKG LNG[OZT`J D GQ E Gd GQ0_[IK V O W _ D GQ A
V O&QaF9_+G V +G A
F V9V QaG>LNJG
.
V9V QaG _dL+_I D GP V O ) G[fJI9I7G[Ol V 9G A
vF
= / -9 -(-
C F V
V OlFKJNG>TkF7G D _[G[OR_ D V I9TkO V Q A
C F V
V O0FKJU9G>TkFKG _[IKJUs_[T`J V I D V I9TO V Q A
A A fAc ; VKV ) _POSQ
;F7G W`V U V
3
JI9$_[ORG _PQ V V I VXWZW T V v UGQ A
4
>- C F V
V OlFXJ+GT`FKG>s_PJIT V9V ) _[O A
= , 2 9 ( , 02 9 ( - *-,.-&9
- C F V
C F V
C F V
V O
FKJ+G TkFKGpQaJXG WZV U9Q0T V9V ) _PO A
V O
FKJ+G TkFKG D V XUG
WZV U9Q
T V9V ) _PO A
V OlFXJ+G TkFKG U_[I7d^_[O NQ
T VXV ) P_ O A
9b
A
A A fAb
G|
. / &G[I2G[Oa_P(JI2Q\TO\ D T`J V I7Q _ )KV NTF V
W 9I D T`J V I
_PI7
W`V +JI
JU|KG[L G[I9Tk9_PU * G fKU_PJIF V
T VKV UQ E Qa_[LNG
_
TV
KQaG!TkFKG9O V .Oa_ A
T V Q\T`_O\T_BI2G
W`V +JI
QaG KG[I D G
W`V O
;FKGF2GP
V NG E QaG'_PU D OaGP_QaJI
U_[T G[O
9QjG E _[I7
LNJUG
_
9OjG[LNJ V QS * Qa_[LNG V +GP E _ V I9 V T`FKG[OlTkFKJ|I9fQ A
G[OSQSJ V I E d_PT G#_I2_[+TF V O0JI W`V OZs_T`J V I A
<¦ $?BPa+
5
) 3 8 ! 3 '! #8
;F7G
! 7
JQ0KQaG'T V 9O V LNJ9G#LN_[ORJ V Q0sGQjQa_[fGQ T V T`FKG# QG[O A ;FKG$QZT`_[TkKQ ) _PO>JIK+J D _T`GQ
FKG[ITkFKG'KO V .Oa_[
D V I9TkO V _
_ * WOV
JQ< V _+JI9 E Qa_[LNJI E V O V TkF7G[O
TkFKG QG[O$ V G[I9T`_[OaJU * A
JQaG^ V J|I+ Q V G D _P D 9U_PT`J V I7Q<TkFK_[T T`_ NG
\T<_PQ V
9O V 9T`Q'TFKG QaG O W`V OJI9 NT
F7G[I
IKGGP9GP E _I2JIK+J D _[T GQlTkF7G>IX_TkNOjG VKW _I * KO V+) UG[Qd G T V J9O V 7G[O0JI999T A
_ ) GPUQ_PT2TkFKGpOaJM.F9TlG[I7 VKW TF2GBQ\T`_[Tk Q ) _OJI2+J D _[TZGpTkFKG$Q\TZG[^I N ) G[O VXW TkF7G D +OROaG[I9T& V 9GP
9O V D GdNOjGs_[IKT`FKG D 9OZORG[IXTQ\T`G[
V NGQNGQ D OaJ ) G'JI
A A$
_PQ V
I ) G[O VKW T`FKGs_IXJ^_[T`J V I A ; V vfG5JI7+J D _[T V OSQ W`V OTkFKG
_9KG _PO V ITF2GpQ\T`_TkKQ ) _O A
<¦ [40G#BN")*0 % (=V?a *=
5
) 8 )6'! 2 4()&7 ( & 78
QG[T VKW G[I7G[Oa_PlJI2Q\TO\ D T`J V I7Q W`V O W`V +JI TkFKG V 9GP0JQ G[I7G[Oa_[T G_[NT V ^_[T`J D _PU *^) * TkF7G
g
9O V fOR_[ E ) _QaG V ITFKG W`V +JI9QaG GPI D G<9O V LNJNG )+* TFKG
KQaG[O A ; FKGQaG$JI2QZT`O\ D T`J V I2Q
) G+JQ\KU_ * GPsJ|I!_[I!G+JT`_ ) UG E Q D O V U_ ) UG<TZG fT )2V
J|U
A ;F7G QaG[Os_ * D FK_[I9NG<TkFKG$J|IKQaTO\ D T`J V IKQ
T Vs) G< V OjGQ\KG D J W J D )+* D UJ D dJI9JUITkFKG$T`G NT )KV ^_I2T * XJI9TF2G D FK_[I9NGPQ A ;FKJQ W +I D T`J V I
J|U V IK * ) Gs_P| V
GP
F7G[I
_ QaG[OJUQNGQaJvIKJI _sIKG
V +GP E I V T
F2G[I
FKG V OQZFKG5JQ
K|_ * JUI ) _ D _ 9OjG[LNJ V Qa * Qa_[LNG' V NG A ;F7G# QaG[Os_ * D F V9V QaGpT V FKJ+G V O(Q\F V
)KV _[T2_I * T`J^G A
<¦ -N#(1 (jFII(H}0 u"IJW'
5
6
) 3 8 143 ! '*2/7)*! 8
TkF7G
T G T
;F7G D OaGP_QaG
K_[TTZG[O\I VXW TkF7G D 9OZOaG[IKT&QaTk_PT`G VXW TkF7G
V +GP9JQp+JUQaX_ * GsJI!_ )KV
A ;FKG D ORG _QjG
K_[TkTZG[OZIJQ<+JUQaK|_ * GsKQaJI9sTF2GQ\T`_IK+_[Oj +_PQ\F `+_Q\FK_[TTZG[O\I7Q W`V O
LN_PUG * D ORG _QaGQ<_[I7! V T
V T Z+_PQZFs9_PTkT G[OaI W`V O& V NI9T`_PJI D ORGP_QGPQ A >ORG _QaGQ V IsTF2G 9_2G[O&TkFK_[Tl_[OjG I V T W`V NG V O( V
I V T * G[T&F9_[L G<_[I V ORJG[I9T`_T`J V I_POaG$+JUQaK_ * G_Q>_$Q V UJU UJI2G A ;FKG QjG[O>^_ * D F V9V QjG<T V FKJ+G
V OQZF V
TFKG D ORGP_QaG>K_PTkT`G[OZI_PT2_[I * T`JG A
<¦ % **1' % " W
5
) 3 8 2&& () 8
Y
FKG[I7G[LNG OlTFKG( QjG[O
F V 9Q
TkFKG V 9QjG V LNGPO0_IG G[^G[I9T V9W TkFKG>KQRG O&JI9TZG[O W _ D G
V O<U_ ) GP W`V O<_ W G
QjG D V I29Q E _^Q\F V ORT ^GQjQa_[fG D _P|GP_
FX_TXTF2GT V9V + V GQ E V OlF V
J|T7JQ
QjGP A g IG N_ KUG JQQaF V
_[9KGP_[OSQ<T V
IJI!}9JM.9ORG
G A A _ ) NTkT V I
fJLNG _FXJI9T V9W
A
- UR/W 2(+ d
; -:79--
( 1.2 '4 ' 7,.2 > g UTkF V +.F
LN_[OaJ V KQ
+_T`_
W`V O
Q\TkOZ D TkNOaGQ
K_[TkTZG[OZI $
_POjGP_P * G NJQ\T E T`FKG[OjGJQ$_[I
ORG[KOaGQaG[I9T`JUI+
JI9FKG ORG[I9T$QZT`O\ D Tk9ORG
D V KGPQx Q0T V QjG<Q V ^G[TkFKJUI+'NIKJv9G Apg
Q\T`_[I7+_[OS
K|_PI9_O
JUTkF9JI
.Oa_[9F7Q
|J NG
V NO
D ORG _QaG
TFKG W`V +JI9 VXW X_KG[O'TFX_T
JI9fG ZGPd G< V 9GP U_QjQ\IKG[O Elbcfc b
9O V ) _ ) * JQ0I V TlTkFKG ) GPQaT D F V J D G A ;FXJQQaG D T`J V I +GQ D OaJ ) GQ0TF2Gp9GQaJM.I VXW _[I V OaJf_[^J+ V NG
+_PT`_QaTkOZ D Tk OaGT`F9_PTpJUQ$_ V +J W J D _PT`J V I
VXW TFKG V IKGsNGQ D OaJ ) GP )+* 4J * _ _ fJG[TB_P A JI
T`FKG JO
K_[KGPO
4 J * _ _ fJf_PIK V TF2G[OSQ E2bcfcfe A
d\Y#Y ©u6#(E64"}(?M
;F7G<+_PTk_Q\T`O\ D Tk9ORG
TFX_T0ORG[XORGQaG[I9TZQ T`FKG W`V U9GP KJUG D G VKW 9_[KGPO KQZT ) G$ * I9_P^J D T V _P| V
TkF7G_ 9+JT`J V I
VKW I7G
D OSG _ QGQ _T'_I * T`JU^G A
} V U9Q JI
_[I *
dJUOaG D T`J V I E _I2
TF9O V NvF
_[I *
I9+ ) G[O VXW |_ * G[OjQ VKW TkFKGpX_KG[O0 QaT ) G V QjQaJ ) G A ;FKGp9_[7G[O0 Q\T2I V T2_P9KGP_[O0T V QaTkORG[T D F
V O F9_[L G<F V GPQ JUIJT A ;FKG+_[T`_Q\TO\ D TkNOjG$QaF V 9U ) G<T`J G_IKQ\X_ D GG WZW J D JG[I9TQaJI D GJT
) G ^_[IKJ |_T`G_[I7+JQZXU_ * GP
JI
} V OZTkNIX_TZG * E d G T V
ORG _PT`J^G A
J|U
TkF7G IK_[TkNOjG VXW X_KG[O
WZV U+JUI E TkF7G T V T`_P+I99 ) G[O VKWW _ D GPQ JI_p V NG KQZF V I V Tz.O V
Q V v9J D d * _PQT V D _[KQRG<_
9O V ) UG[ A
d\Y#ª` ©c}"@/Q " c' (EQR(H0C¥
;F7G V OaJM _[sJ9 V 9G KJQ>OaG[KORGQaG[I9TZGP )+* _ D V XUG
GdfGQ E _[IKsL G[O\T`J D GQ VKW TF2G$ V 9G A
V IK *
V I D G
JI
V JI9TZG[OjQ A
g I
TF2GQ * Q\T`G[ E
_ D F
+_[T`_QSTO\ D Tk9ORGOSG[9OjGPQjG[I9T`JI TF2G W _ D GQ E
G UG[ G[I9T
ORG U_[T`J V I7Q\FKJ2Q ) G[T
JTF
V+) G D T V OaJUG[IKT`G9GQaJvI
L G[OZT`G
^G[TF V V V *
GG[I
E Gd G V O W _ D G<JQ
OSG[9OaGQjG[I9T`G
)+*
GPG[^G[I9TZQJI2+J D _[TZGP
FK_Q ) GPG[I
;F9KQ W _ D GQ5_OjG
KQaG A
KQaJI
UJ|I NGP T V TkFKGPJ|OQ\ O\O V NI7+JI LNGPO\T`J D GPQ>_PIK^GPdNGPQ E GdfGQ>_PORG<|JI fG T V TkFKGPJOpG[I7d V JI9TZQ _[IK
W _ D GQ E _[I7
_ U _ D G[I9T
LNGPOZT`J D GQ
_POaG
|JI NGP
TV
TkFKGPJ|OQ\NOZO V NI2+JI9
W _ D GPQ A
HBQaJI9
TF2GQaG
OjGP|_T`J V I2QZFXJ7Q E GP_ D F G UG[ G[I9T D _[I!_ DPD GPQjQpG LdG[O *V TkF7G[O GPG ^G[I9T A ;FKGQ\TkO\ D TkNOjGQFX_[LNG ) GPG[I
TV
9GQSJ.IKG
V9WZW
T`OR_P9G
Q\X_ D G
W`V OQSJK|J D JT *
G WZW J D JG[I D *
_[I7
V9W
TkFKG
_P V OaJTF9Q
TFX_T
s_IXJ99U_[TZGTkF7G +_[T`_ A
d\Y#ª¦ a"J0G % #( ( #BVBD(
sG[IKG[OR_P| * JI V OaJf_[^J E _[IKQ\7G D J W J D _PU * JITkFKJQJsKUG[GPI9Tk_T`J V I E W _ D GQ_[ORG D V I9L G _I2 W`V U
UJ|I7GPQ<_POaGQ\TOa_PJvF9T A ; F9 Q
G +_ D T` * T V K_[OaT Q A g IK
FKG[I
_ W`V U
V DPD OjQ V I
_ W _ D G E TkF9_T W _ D G
JUU ) G^+JMLNJ+GJI9T V
F2G[I^_ WZV U V DPD +OSQ V I^_[I^GddG E TFKG<GPdNG D _[I ) G ) O V +G[I^JI9T V E _T
V QZT E T V K_[OZTZQ A
C JUI D GG _ D F W`V +JI9 V 2G[Oa_T`J V IIX_Tk9Oa_PU * +JMLNJU9GQ W _ D GQ _[I7 V OpGvNGQ#JI9T V T V 9_PO\TZQ GP_ D F E
W _ D GQ_[I7GdfGQ _OjG OjG[9ORGQaGPI9T`G'KQaJI9 ) JIX_O * TkOjGPGQ A<g
fe
I V NG OjG[9OjGPQjG[I9TZQ>_ W _ D G V OGd G
E
_PI7 JTZQT V D FKJ|I V NGQ_[OjGpTkF7G
T VW _ D GQ
GPddGPQ TFX_TTkFKG V OaJfJIK_P9I V NG'JUQp+JMLNJ+GsJI9T V
)+* _ W`V +JI9 V 2G[Oa_T`J V I A
f3
et1
et5
et4
et2
et6
f1
et3
f2
) 3 8 ) 41&$ '1 )4 %8 ( ! $& f1
) 3 8 $ 41)2 5 $3& + 8 $3& ' .)6
f2
f3
et1
et2
e
e
e
e
et3
e
et4
et5
et6
e
e
e
e
e
) 8 ! &$') 12 8 !+$3& $& ')6
_ D FI V +GJIT`FKG TOjGPGFX_Q$_NIXJ G J+G[I9T`J W J D _PT`J V II N ) G[O E _I2 G G[^G I9TZQ<_PORG U_ ) G UUG
_PI7 JI7QaG[O\TZGPJ|I9T V TF2GpTkORGG$Q V TkFK_[TlT`FKG
OSGQ\9T`JI9 ) JIX_O * T`ORGPG<JQ_$QaGP_[O D FTOjGPG A ;FXJQ>s_ NGPQ
QjG _O D FKJI TkFKO V +.F
TkFKGTkORGGv9JTZGG W\W J D JUG[IKT
FKG[IJI2QjG[OZT`J|I+ I7G
I V 9GQ V O V9V dJUI9
W`V O
9OjG[LNJ V QS * D ORG _TZGP'I V 9GPQ A
_ D FI V NGJQ _PQ V fJLNG[I!_Q\TZG[I9+ ) G[O E JIK+J D _T`JI TkF7GQ\T`G[ JI
FXJ D FJT
_Q D ORG _TZGP V O
D FK_[I9NGP A ; F9 Q TFKG ) JIK_PO * TOjGPGQ0OSG D V OR'T`FKG W _ D Gp_[I7GvfGB+JMLNJQSJ V IKO V D GPQjQjGPQ A
_PU09OjG[LNJ V Q W`V U+JI V KG[OR_[T`J V IKQJUITkFKJQ
G T_PJ|IKJI
_ * JQ'J V O\T`_IXT W`V O$K|_ * JI ) _ D !T`FKG W`V U+JUI
QjGvKG[I D G A
d\Y# -/*Q QR*0WjH*WX(E#"T(
5
;F7G[OaG<_PORG'Q V G<9O V 2G[OZT`JUGQ TFX_T_[ORG D V V IT V G L G[O *V ORJMf_sJKGPG[^G[I9TJUITkFKG$9O V .Oa_[
JUI _N+JT`J V IT V TF2G JU9G[I9T`J W J D _[T`J V II9+ ) GPO0_IKQ\TZG[I9N ) G[O0_Q KQZTl+GQ D OaJ ) G A
GdfG_[I7
L G[OZT`G
FK_Qs_ D V V O A
_ D FGPUG[G[I9T_PQ V
J9G[I9T`J W J D _T`J V II9N ) G[OjQ VKW JTZQ$UG W TB_[I7OaJM.F9T D FKJUU+OaG[I
JUTZQaG W T V TFKGv
_PIK
+JQ\K|_ *
JI7 V
FX_Q_
W 9I D T`J V IT V
J W _I * E _[I7
LNG[O *W _ D G E
D _P D _PT`GTkF7G
_ W NI D T`J V I
TV
fOa_
Q A
g
d\Y#Ad >P?(1
QSJI9fG ) JIX_O * TkOSGPG D V I9T`_PJI7Q
TFKG W _ D GJI W`V O\^_[T`J V I
V9W T`FKGG[I9T`JOjG V OaJf_sJl V NG A
;F7G
O V9V T V9W TkFKG>T`ORGG JUQ0TFKG#JIKJUT`J_P+QaFKGPG[T V9W 9_PKG[O E _IK'TkFKGpGP_[LNGQ VXW TkFKG W _ D G TOjGPG
ORG[9OjGPQjG[I9T2TkF7G
D 9OZOaG[IKTlQ\T`_T`GQ VKW _PUvTF2GpQ\ ) W _ D GQ A \I}KJM.+OSG
BTkF7G>FXJ.FXUJM.F9T`G$I
TkFK_[TB_POaGX_O\T V9W TkFKG D NO\ORG I9TQZT`_[T`G VKW TkF7Gs V NG A
OjG[IK9G[ORG$T V TFKG
+JQ\K|_ * A
f
V NGQ0_OjG>TkFKG V IK *W _ D GQ
;F7GQaG_[OSGsTkFKG V IX * I V +GQ'TkFK_[T$_PORG
;F7G9G W _[ |T D V V 9O VXW _ W _ D GJQ _ Q\T`_T`J D LN_OaJ|_ ) UG!TkF9_PTJQQaF9_POaG
9GQ D OaJ ) GQTkF7G D V V 9O V9WV IKGQaJNG VKW TF2GK_[KG[O A
)+*
_PU TkFKG W _ D GPQ_[I7
;(FKG V T`FKG[OsQaJ+GJQs_P
_ * Q
FKJTZG )+*
D V I LNG[I9T`J V I A
_ D F W _ D G>I V 9G _PUQ V D V I9T`_PJI7Q
TF2G W`V | V
id
edges around
vertices around
normal
e
JI JI W`V OZs_T`J V I E _Q0JU|KQ\TOa_[TZGPJ|I}9Jv9ORG .
F0
e1 e2 e3 e4
v1 v2 v3 v4
F0_normal
F1
e11 e5 e32 e4
v1 v5 v6 v4
F1_normal
v1
e4
v4
e1
e3
F2
e12 e2 e31 e5
v5 v2 v3 v6
F2_normal
e11
v5
v2
F0
e5
e2
v3
F1
v6
e12
F2
e32
) 3 8 1&,$+ ) /) $ )# 41 $ & 45 8!+$&+( )*!%7 6
e31
!"#$&%'()*+,+#-/.10/+'2345))6747%.8!9:2<;=#&%>;?@';3A3BC-7).7)
23)6D45%.ECBF!&GH*.7I!9+#8"#2"#3)KJMLI7+8+'23N323;O'#PH3.101C#23Q2R.7&)3;+@'%
@%.5"%#.'%'#&(97).73)92SI7%'[email protected]/2)6D4D%#.UV+23;3JW8.7&)6/;+@7%X!Y2Z%X.10T
)32Z+\[18(]23%7^>+23;3H.'"#%.'_7%`aH;3&);<45Sb+2%#;/3BC%ca'2Z_.05QBC2/d;)?2Z+/.$Jfe%
g \0h4')6Cij/='3.10Ti.5+&%#/.k&%I29;3l';3A3BCPN.7&)3;+@7%,23)6D45%#.Qa#BF!&(-P@.'#m+2/;3 gn J
o TBp<[53)(='P&%;3N2/;I.10Tq@%Va#YSH'.'37r.'3:&%3.V7%!&^F7%#;3?='&l&%;37%P@*G%'r+7)s3.105
fc
iQ+R23lP#Q.5+&%3.H2/9;?';3A?B_PC2Z)P74'%#.R:2<; g J,Y'4DBdQ;?2Z%'%#$s2347SbCa#2+#
/.10/m2)Y&%V7%Y.7@)P3;3+@7%V2)6D45%.C2%7^90&[D%I:2<;3TJ
e11
e4
e12
e5
F1
e5
F2
e2
e32
e31
F1
F2
& ) $.)33!%& 8" + & ) 5/4 & ) 2&7 / & $+ 1#! & 8 )*!. )6)" $ 4" 8 .10/m2)*s0h4'2)62%'(3/.p#B_[')(=+#Y@l((3.C%k;?@#;?AZBCY7).5)m23)6D45%#.C#+23;/J
Ya#
/.10/m2)674'%#.
+7) :2<;%#!.5 gn 2%#. g &% g &045)i7J
(
'#Q@l ' "#'&%'+3)6+W#k[5)(+l;3/q+'2ZN64D))6747%.W!C+23;33=m2Z%.Ra#
[523\4$-'ma#&%'()(%!23'2Z%$0Tl2Zm323;3,[5)((5=7)32Z+\[1q+,N;<45)()%'r+23;3JCs#[5?)(+@;/23)6
P"#;3@+l3.X&%`;3@#;?A3B_@87)*.73)-2)6D45%.Wa#-B-!@+IPl.58#q+#V"!2Z"#)Jc/P8[D)(+@;/C2)6
4#/.C2/ #9;37)%)m#!# "#' ^/07%-B-%QaY+2/;3Yl)?%#.5)P/.!J7SV"!23)6 g &045)PCiYB_&a
a
[5)P+@;3/m2)*D45%#.
+7) :2<;%#!.5 gn &% g \0h47)*Fi1J
v1
θv1
θv5
v5
F1
v4
θv6
θv4
v6
) 3& 8 # & 6)4 ! (3 )* !+!! ) 4&)*$($%)6( )6 $ 4 45& 84 *) ! +
Y# ;323;<4D2Z+/. %#7)PSV23N+')8!Ha2/;3J
#l8[523)P&2 #@ lHG7)3.
;323l;4'@2+&%'0 H%#7)(S,239323;O+SIHaW+2/;3W,.7"#2^h.!J
)(23a#)Ia#2%
#H%#7)SI23YlQ)3;323@;4'@23+/.
B_#%[53)a#9:2<;Y SI7[5.!J
C+23;3-@3;3r23@PH!2<9G45%;+@7%Ya#2@rS,2K^d")+7)PS
7%Ra#d:2<;3N7)97a)Y"#2)((q#
aY.72Z+29+)4D;a4')6J
Q.10TC+)6d*)4D;a4')6Ql-P&S,@@2)GWa#V+2/;3Ca)*38(+)4D;? 4')6=mD;3"#!2ZY2_%#*B
;3)P32(3.H[5)^_+&SI-2-%#*B
32/;
+)638
)P23\0h'3.105-l923.'.5.,GU+#CSI'.5? J,)P/+7)=#p)'7#
/.10X+)P/])6"!)6/P%'(W2cP&%'0ca)P23&0h',@&%cP0hSH%#a=2Z%.
)"')6%'(Va# )P/4'&(I!V+'@.7%'0 7"#)P23+@7%H7%
X)P/H'Ha#`+)63
!2Z,3.101J
#]?2[1H#Qa#])3
;3'%'+23&%,a#-;37SV"#lG-;<45)()%'r(+2('m#-3.105JC'4#+,.)P2PB
a#-3.1052Zm2%7^_+&SIBd
.7)P2PB
7%! ^Na#9P3' 32/!%#'.'J
k[52)P@2 #3p!2Zq2Z)PI#2)3. 7^[email protected])*k#,.'3+24'&N;3'@D45)d'2%O3.105,2Z%#.
7SIq;37%+2Z%'(m&%.7@;32+&%'0-#a^/"#Y#!aY/.10[23@lK^h=SI147%'+23&%#=5:@27)m)62BKJ
'n
2/;V/.10%##.79;37%'+23&% 9+'@B_&%$0F&%+7)(S,2Z+@$%'=2/m@&4#)P2(3._% g &04')6i
id
2 end vertices
2 adjacent faces
edge type
angle
parent tree id
e1
v1 v2
F0
raw
0
et1
e11
v1
v5
F1
raw
0
et1
v1
e4
v4
e1
F0
e3
e5
v5 v6
F2 F1
flat
0
et5
…
…
e12
v5
v2
F2
raw
0
et1
e11
v5
v2
e5
e2
v3
v6
F1
e12
F2
e32
e31
!"#$%!"&')(*&+,!.- "(
/012+.%3-4!5-
67 !.-8$%!"&')(09#:+!;(&-4:8
6<>=%? P6 <A@'B$&%'G?)6m+_a#YlB_Q%.1"#'&%'(m#!a#r3.105J o 2[5&%$0_2Z%,7)*.73)m+Q/P
[D?)(+@;/3 0&[5/ Y/.10T 2 .7&)P/;+@7% J 73 g \0h47)* J
C ,=? C @7DB'&%'()r+VaqlB_H+23;/3a#2r2Z)P-2/. @ 23;/?%'+,a#@9.10TJ g 2/;3 n l+Ha#
a# +#_/.10FE5G7HJIK&HMLN7O4G7H6IPK&HMLQ7RZ=2%#. g 2<; l9+W_)P\0h'9'Ya#V3.105=)?@2+&[5Q+Ra#
B_!&(s*.'Y'a#"!2Z")J 73 g \0h47)6 J
7).5)Y&%QB-#@;Ha#2/. & 2/;3%# [5)(+l;3/2Z%.Ia2/;32Z)-"#/;?@+3.8 [D):^_@SV"#7)+2Z%'+='2%.
S84$ 9S,23&%'+23&%3.Qa#)P7470h#D45PJc2/45SIa#2a#YB-#&+-Pl.5# 9"!2Z"#?)@9:2/;3&%$0
4'"V&% g \0h47)* J
vertex2
face1
edge
face2
vertex1
+-++6$A+*A01:7$) ( !5 0 $.017:!
J! .')(01:
$ !. 09$.017:
!8*60 )( 7
W ^/" #Ca#,/.10 )6?@2+&[5 +
,B-#&( P.7 #Ca "!2Z"#?)[523@lK^/=
SID45%#a23@%'=5:@27)m)P2PBdJ
!m#,%$0ha
!H/.10TTJ
#lC[523&4#HlQYB-#3%ca#R3.105Hld;)?2Z+/.`2%#.c@
;3'%#*23%'J
D#Y23%$0@a#2#q3.10Tq@r+'.7/.1=)P3@2+&['+C+#mB-#&+9Pl.59'!+#"#2")= J TJ =5a#
.7@#.)P232%'0@ #lB_%>aClB_X:2<;39a#23SI/Y2a#-3.10JWs#Q2%'0@Ql@%X)P23.7@2%
23%.C@/!B_&a#&%Va#)P2Z%$01 = KJ
Z Y@.'%'+:@;32+@7%V%'45S #3)'a#93.105Ya)63a#2a#l.10T ?@7%'05 G!J
2/;I.10T9 3;m23P,'2/Ya45%;+@7% !2Zm&S,2K^F")*+7)PS
7%,@+3l7)7a)r"!2Z)(# +#
.723+2s*)4D;a4')6TJ
)(+;3Y2)*)P"#)P/P%#+3.,4D*@%'0V2-.1^/%#2SI@;p@l(!@(JU#-S,23&%>r#2/q7%#d%'a)^I+7)
[')+^V[5)((!JUe%X7)6.')Y+ ((7)P-ap[53)+@;/3q2/Y+#K^I;#2%'0Tk';32+@7%X&% "!2/;33=323; '
a_%'+)P@9&%W-S,23&%R[')(+ H@q2Z%#7a)9PJ 23;3X@3SI%'!ra#l9Y@92p[D)((
%##.7J #% 2/;3;3/P&%$0I2-"#2)P+@;4'@2)Y[D)(5=7BpC23;/;3Y+#C@23P3lSI%'s!+'23[5)( @lPPJ
v1
v2
F1
(x,y,z)
(x,y)
v3
F0
(x,y,z)
(x,y)
F0
(x,y,z)
(x,y)
F2
(x,y,z)
(x,y)
F2
(x,y,z)
(x,y)
v5
v5
F1
(x,y,z)
(x,y)
F2 F1
(x,y,z)
(x,y)
F1 F2
(x,y,z)
(x,y)
F2
(x,y,z)
(x,y)
v2
v5
v1
v5
F0
v4
v6
F2
(x,y,z)
(x,y)
v1
v4
F1
v6 v3
v6
v4
%-+ J!57/!0+* ;!5- "(,7/012+.)
v2
F2
v6 v3
face list
3d position
2d position
+2Z+@; [523)P@2 #@m!2Zm2)*-!2Z)P/. $^_23@7#q[D)+;323)P9a#-.7/+24'&r;3'@747)#m2q[D)(+ 23%.p# @2/!4$3.Cl.5%!+@+;?2Z+@7%Q%$45S )r+7)m#[')(+@;/KJ
2/;Q[5?)(+ -%#'.'s;3$%'+23&% #q+'@@TB_&%'0-&%+$)(S,2Z+@7%
C r+
PB'&%!G) Gk#9:2<;3m2/. @ 23;/%'!GC+#@ [5)((5=&%V;?';3A?B_PY')P.')J
( 5 a')3(.7&SH%#P7%!23'[53;3+7))"')P/%'+&%$0ka#-@';?2Z+l7%R#ma#lY[5)PG b&%
P"!2<;J
( 4@5 lB_ (.7&SI%P@7%#23"#'&%'r)"')P/%'+&%$0kaC@';?2Z+l7%>'Ya' [5)6+R7%Ra#
;3)P32/P"#2+G)%I.7"!@2K^5J
2/;Q[5?)(+ _ @ /;23l6C!2/G4D%#;+@7%+'23&#S,2K^N"#)(7)(S
7%8&(6?7)$#)m"'23)((m#a#
.723+2s*)4D;a4')6TJ
@
C C P
C C Z 5
c#%X2Q%#PB
;3)6?2/P
3.105 p2<.'.7/.W+Xa#QSI!.5?@=r67SHV:2<;/-2%#.X3.105/p2Z)PI.7\[5.7/.
@%'+,lB_V"!@/;3 l ;3)6?2Z+&%$0kP7SH9%#*B
:2<;/2%#.I3.1053 =#P7Sb%'+@)P3&^-%#PB
3.10-a)6/Y2)6
;3)P32(3.7=2%#.dP7SH[53)+@;/3r23)P9;3)P32(3.!JNLI,3@SH%'(' #YSH'.737SI7[5 BF%I2%I.10T
23.'.5.B_&a#74'+'.7&%$0'J o Bd<[5)6=7@#;?2Z+@7%r# %#PB
@%'()P/;+@7%! 5@P+&%$0F/.10/ 2Z%._a#q%#PB
a)6\[5@23=2%.p4$Pm2Z%V23\0T7)P&a#S
[D)+@;// SV4# #-;323@;<4D2Z(3.,a)7S
/.10 J g &%#.7@%'0-a#/q&%'G?)63;+@$%#rlm%7% #233.Q7%Q)P2^a)P23;3&%'0'J
i
c#%>2Q;)2/Cq2<.'.7/.,+W2k*&%'0@V+2/;3= lBpW%#*B
+23;/323)68;)632(3.W2Z%.W2<.'.7/.UG a#
+2/;38a)6/82/-;#.1)6%O'a#V%#!.5H;37%'+23&%!&%'0 #,&%!&+@23+23;/J
/.10/CS84$-'2[D #%O 5l(+&%$0 [D)(+@;/KJ
#,%PB
#H%.1"#'&%'(C#q%#PB
+2/;3Q2Z%.`23@2<. 2<;%'d3.1053V2%.
[D?)(+@;/3m23)P45".72Z+/.pGQ)P/:@/;#a#9;!2Z%$0T/<J
c#% 2% .10T8p2<.'.7/.,B-!@;3 ;)P#P/Q<[5)623:2<;3
32/;H# a#-3.101ra#2l;?)6#P3. 7^-9%#*B
[D?)(+@;/323%#.,+23;/323)6q47".72G.'JC#-%#*B
$45F+@ @ '%#Q5+&%'0 [5)(+l;3/P=
3.105-YP"!@&r&%'+,lB_H"#@3;/Y2%#.,2/. @ 23;/%'
.10TpY23l6WP"'@&r%'G,"!@/;3Y2/Y&;)6!P/a
7+&%'0V/.10TJQ%R?2/;>a2/;3+'23rls;)P#P. $^_"#2)(s' -%#*B
P%'0@9+23;/ #?@%'0-P"#&&%'+ClB_Q"#@3;/ 7^N2"#$)(+@7%V#a#%#PB
g 7)23@#;)6?2/P&%'0_+''l$#)!2Z%
3.105CYa)6?2Z(3.U2/92
3.105J
h'&%,lB_U[1)+;3 ='2_;)*?2<K-@&%#p9+7)PSI.,&SV"#@;3+ ^5J
B_,2Z%.S,2Z)PA5 [D)(+l;3/7)s3.105/2Z)P-;##P%#='2%#.,@#;?2Z+@7%R!m%#PB
;323l;4'@2G. #2/P/.H7%W3JHsW2/.7.HaC%#PB
;3)P32/PW@&%VBC&
2%
;)P32/ =323;X&%'()P/;+@7%X#aC%#PB
7+&%'0 3.105W8+74'%#.7=s2%#.cS823)6A. B_&a
2H%B
[D?)(+@;/3m23)P%@'&%3.9BC&+k;)?2<m2<r.7/K;)6 #.C&%d+"')6[7@74#r6;+@7%
;)P32/P-@%#
[5)(#J
/iJ J n K J
/P
C C P
C g $@.'-2)*k"#3)6+$)(SI. 7% 5l+&%'0>3.1053-23%#.W[')(+@;/KJQ%#\^ba#8[D)+;3/C2)6H5"!@@;?&+&^
SID[D3.!JQ"!2Z"#?) 7% 7%#QP.7Q'a#Q+'l.H@&%#[email protected]+@5B-!@pQ6?@/;+/.,"!2Z)s'
a"#2"#)S,7[5/J
s
+'l.`H"#2"#)P=aU4#6),3@3;?G8# 3.105 QG
+$.c23@7%$0h=92%.
2W[53)G 7%
a
SID[5&%'0_"!23)(!a#"'23"#)JIe(%W)6?23#7)6\02ZS,B_#%W2_P3;G3.H:2<;-lS,7[5/.7=#7S,-7)
+2/;3&%Xa#_S,#.7323)PV+7);3/.H+WSI7['Q23@7%'0QB_&aX&PJX#6,+23;/3p23)6Qa##KQ!2Zq2Z)
23a+2/;#/.
+
a
P3@/;+/.
S,7[5&%$0
:2<;M.7)6;+ ^
$^f#2)P&%'0
2Z%
3.103=V7) 7^fP&SV"!&^
7[')62Z"'"!&%'0-2SID[5&%'0_+23;/J
8%#;/q#q4#)r#2/YP3l3;G.QaSID[5&%'0Q"#23)(r#ma#"#23"#)Y2%.8-&%l Y+H+'l.,23@7%'0=
aY7)P&02ZS,5:^T(S
.5()SI&%#!BF!;I:2<;3m2Z%.p[1?)(+@;3!B_@#SI7[D3.Q.145)P&%$0Fa#l'@.!J
g lP#) g l)(= n "')3%'(Y2%R23\0T7)P&a#S
($@.'JHQ23&07)6&a'S
+$) :&%#.7&%'0b:2<;/Ya#2rSID[D_.14')P&%'0bP&S8"#@
2/K45SH3!2ZmB_Q2)*d0T\[5%X#C"!23)(s!#Q"'2")q!2ZYSID[1 l 2
[D?)(+ d7)r2%b3.105 =5a#N+$.Q&%#923@7%$09B-#;89;)32/3 2Z)P9S,2<.'=72%.C#q ^/"'r+'.
[523K^N7)S,745%'+23&% m23@7%'0-a#2/.10JYLI7(!2Z!#lm23&0T7)P&+'S
&4#P2P&%'0@+'.k@&%J
g l#3)r;3@23&SHma#2! 23&0T7)P&a#S
23PQ2345SH/ !2Z!)6q
2 !qGH:&%.Q23'SI7[7&%'0k:2<;3P=
@%;3\4D.7&%'0Ia##Pp!2ZD[D)P@2"X2QAh%#TB-%XSI7[7&%'0R+23;33='4'2)_%#79.7&)3;+&^,2Za+2<;3.WG 2
SID[5&%'0_+23;/J
j
*&SI@2)+ g lP#) +R.73+)(S,&%S,7[5&%$0 l 2%.
&^2323Ar23 J523@,"')P/%'r2%R23\0T7)P&+'S
($@.'3.-+2/;3/
&^2/23Am2Z%#. $#)P= n K J`#3@)-23\0T7)P&a'S
@Q;37)()3;-7%# ^>+7)C')P/
a^/"#/#r+$@.'T+$.7&%$0_45"G n =%#.7&%'0 l @!2Z% n Y
2Z%#.,a4';3A&%$0k&% l 2N)P[D)P
($@.,23 2/;+ ^ n JQ3&)Y23&07)6&a#S
.5!/%#7s:&%#.RS,1[5&%'0b:2<;3N+7)+'.'q&%'[5$&[5&%$0
SI7)!2Z%V7%9+'@.C@%#Y22+@SIJ
84#P)_S84$-P3@/;7%,[5)P+ !2Z-lCG ,SI7[5/.7=r23%#.]aH/.10/C+O+'l.`23@7%'0'J
c#%I;#'#P&%$0NaY/.10/ GV+$.C23@7%'0=a#4$K)SV4# #45)6q+IP3@;9/.10/r7%,23@
@2^)!#a#YSI'.'?!2Z2)*+Y($@.'3.!J e%V')P.')G,.7Q!323P@\^/=5a#Y4#P3)r7%# ^-%#3/.'
+V.5D4 #l+;3;3A-7%#9'!+#Y/.10/J F
5;3'@&%23)/.10/!B_@% #93@;G.'J
q23&07)P&!S
4#P3.,&%Ia#-;47)()%'&S8"#S,3%'+2+@7%R+&%.723@#:2<;/ra#2m2Z)2+23;3.8G,2
SID[5&%'0_+23;/=2%.p$4$m2)Y23PCSID[5&%'0=&%QaY($@@BC@%70NS,2Z%'%#?)
P =
n J [53)G Fa#2#a4#P) K3@/;+/.Cl;?23@@/.C2G
G'H6IK6HMLJ
2Z)PA-(J
J %7^d+23;323a+2<;3.QG,2
2)6AQ32/;H#
aSUJ9%'SI2)PA a#l
SI7[7&%'0_[5?)(+ SID[5&%'0`[D)((
@27G
H+J
7%;3 239@+H+23;/,'2[5 3%
S,2)6A73.!J
J Q+')6D450I23Y[5?)(+@;/3 !2Zm45)()P745%. l 2Z)q2<. 2/;3%#G32/;H# #
S,2)6A73.>:2<;/KJ N
%7^V[')((>a)67S
!@-Y2
S,7[5&%$0I[D)(
q2Z%#.
7%!&^V@Y&.7#Y%#7Q7%X2%7^b'Ya#V+'l.R&%#/KJ
2Z)PA,+#/P
SI1[5&%$0
['3)(+@;3 J
J
(" 45%'+@a)Y2)6%#QSI7)P
"?2Za)67S
iJ eK23@#!aY+2/;3m&%Q+#S,#.732)S,2)6A73.Q2/
SI7[7&%'0[1?)(+@;3 J
SI7[5&%$0d+23;/
"')P#;3=sa#%O+#>4$P3),.7.c%#7V;#'!6]%#7470h
&%/8+
2<:G)m+#@
+'@.
23@'%70'J
9%'S,2)6A_<[53)+^/a#&%$0F2%.C&%.7@;32(a#9))6') GCa4#P)ZJ
#l23&0T$)P&'S
($@.`237%$05J
2/K45SIra#2a#4#P3)s;#!'/Y7%#F[D)PGI2%.,2%7^_%'4'S #)Y#3.1053Y+
#U23&07)6'S
;32%M323P&^ H7G%.5.X+c23@B
,4#P)d+c;##'KR2%7^
%'47S )!!SI7[5&%$0N[')(+;3m2/!B_3@ J
8%#;/Ya#
SbD[5&%'0_+2/;3
([email protected]@%$0NG'$KJY#%*B
#2[5#3%R.'+)PSI&%#.=7aK^_SV2^#SI7[5.Q4#P&%'0d7%#-'ma#
@';32+7%#r'SID[5&%'0[5)P+@;3/m23)6a%I;?23;<4D2Z+/.Q2%#.Qa#N.7l"#@2K^
#!aSI'.'? 45".23+/.$J
LI7(Qa#2 &07)6&a'S
iJ n .5'%#7N.'+)(S,@%#823@r+23;/3-a#2N#74'@. SID[5J e9!2Z%.7@/
7%#\^_#!P_+23;/Ya#22)*C.7@)P3;3+ ^k7)q@%#.7&)3;+&^V2+23;3#3.UGW2-SID[5&%'0b:2<;J>e.''/Y%#7
#2%.7@
+23;/3`a#2E*&SV"# ^
7[5)P@2"
2
SH7[5&%$0
.'()(S,&%#/.M4$P&%$0OX)?&23+@7%#&"H"')6D[5.7/.
a4')(a)!B_7)PA-SV4D*#9.77%#Y+_!2Z%#.7lSHJ
:2/;3J
&%
Q[D)P2Z"'"!&%'0
+23;/c;32%'%#7 #
;<4D))6%'H.72Z+2c)4#;a45)=-2Z%.
.7@;<4$K(l7%V#!!ml"!)63%'+/.C&%
P
7J J J
H*&SV"#@H+$.'C2Z)P,SI747%'+23&%O+'@.'C2Z%. [723@@^>+$@.'P=rlJ J+#'K,!2Z-&%$[D'\[1WP&SV"!
)6$23+@7%V!:2/;3/m2)6D45%.C29P&%'0@9+$.C@&%JNe%V2sPSV"#@q+'.Ca#q4D)P3l3;(r7%YS,7[5&%$0
[D?)(+ _2%#.d7%# @&%+V+'l.-23l7%'05J#;##P%H+'.k@&% SV2^F;37%*#m6<[D)P23D;3$@&%#32)
/.10/P=12Z%#.CSV2^#Ya')6D450I[5)P235;?@#P3 ^N"'23)P23@32^h3)6m#!a"#2"#)J
+ 4:+ 09!5.: *,0#(& *.$
8%#;/Ya#YSH7[5&%$0p:2/;3/r2)9.'+3)(S,&%#/.k2/r.'3;)P 3.Q%
a
SID[5&%'0d:2<;3
/iJ J n = a [53)+@;/3 #?@7%'0&%'0-(
23)6Y)P'a23G.Q2 #745a9'@.Q&%J 1@%#;3q! "#)6';3&%'[5'\[D/ SI7+@7%
# 23@SI7[7&%'0_+23;//m&%QaYP2Sb B_2^=2%#&S,2Z+@7%V# P&SI"'lY+'.7&%$0p7")P2Z+@7%rm"#!P !J
#lHlH2/;3;37SV"!@3. $^ *&SV"# ^c)67+2+&%'0O&%
SI!.5?N2I[5?)+^O(+20J
SI23N%#;)*?SI%'+P=N2%#.
X;<4D))6%',&SV"#@SH%'+2Z+@7%
)P/.7"!@2K^h&%'0ca
4#3 P+",a#)6D450
#
)6$23+@7%J
$SV"#@ I+'.' &%'[5'\[D#pSI2%#&"$4D2Z+@7%R!mSI')P!23%R7%#"#'&%'r23r2+&SI3=#7)Ya#p4$P
# lB_I7)SI7)6%#7% +;3$@@%#32)s+$.8@&%#J %>52SV"#l_' 2F;3$SV"#@ 8+$.,la)P[D)P
([email protected]=B-#@;?H#23 #3% &SV"#@SH%'+/.,&%H+#-;4')()P3%':^T+3SHJ %#)P23@\^d&% 2-)[5)_'@.7=
a,4#P)V3@3;?GQa#,SID[5@%$0>[5)( 2Z%.XlB_
n .7+&%#;3-&%3CG
+'l.`2 #D45PJ
e%M"3;?@23
;3)6;<45Sb+2%;3 4';V2/!B-%Q"#2"#)lm23@)6?2<.1^-+'@.'3.CGk2 #D45 n m#qlB_V.7+&%;
@%3SV2^_23;a4D23&^#23@SI'*;3'@&%?2Z)KJ_!Y"#/;?@237 ^"#N!)P[D)P-+'l.,Y.'/P;)P 3.,2/
a4$;?A&%'0_&%
7^
^h223A53 23lJ
^((SUJ_#-;<45)()%'r+^(S
^h2/23A152%.Q7a#3)6*= n
r
2Z%.Q &SV"#lSI%'(3.Q%Ia#3)
!2Z%#.7l/ %#77%#\^Fa#ls"#;3@23' ^h"#-!m)[5)6?='45r23# ^/"3
#!)[5)P9+'l.'KJ
s#<0&%R2)*<[5)*K-('@.7=1B_-2023&%>.7()(S,&%p#
sQ"#)+7)(S
SH7[7&%'0I+2/;3
iJ n J
4#P&%'0-&07)P&'S
29)6<[D)PN+$.Q;37)P)63;3+ ^=5& r&S8"#7)6a23%'G8%#7+@;3q!2Za#N:&%#237)6/+&%$0F"!@2/;3
#m32/;,SID[5&%'0V+23;/ 2/;a4D23 ^d&()6+@;+@7%H+')67470hH+#"!@2%#_.73+)(S,&%3. 7^_alB_
.7*+&%#;N+'l. @&%#J
7]0T\[5% lB_c.7+&%;[email protected]&%/=BdHa&%. 4'2+@7% !9a845%!T4D
"#2Z%,!2Z"#2/K6C')P7470T #7aM!-aSHJ
#%
SI7[7&%'0 +23;/ =Gk"#)("%#.7l;4'@2)I.7+2%#;/W+)67S
+$)V[D):^>[')(+ a#2
#?@7%'05Q+O2
a#k"#@2%W@,;323@;<4D2Z(3.!J
N*&%'0X!
.7*23%#;3?=3B_9;32%I+&%#.p+#)*3:3;+l7%k!!#[')((-!)67470hQa"#2Z%#TJ 73 g \045)
J
%:
7 01+6 (6*&$$ :
)*5.7!5:+
!5-
6 %- !5-
2 :2+"01:%
1@%#;3a#9"!)6';/3K#r+7)SI&%$0d2)6<[D)6-+$.V;?2Z%'%#7 053%#)23@&^#-.77%YBC&#D45 %.7&%$0
7SI+2/;3r7)m45%+$.7&%$0F"!2Z)'a#YSI!.5?@=72Z%!&SI2+@7%,m%7.7'%#.145)P&%'0-)[5)9($@.'J
n 'n
e%(323.7='a#_+'l.,2Z"'"23)+ #_.77%p23@!2Zr7%#;/=! J JaC.7"#2^V 45"#.72Z(3. #/+7)P_23%#.
2/++)Va#W)*<[53)6KX+'@.!J
B)6!.14D;3&%$0
2%#&S,2+7%
(7)V)<[1) +$.' l 2Z%.O7a#3)I;37SV"!
($@.'9B_74'.]&%'[5$&[D,;3'%#Pa)P23&%#/.E0T37SH)^R2%#.XlK^T7%#. aHP;37",#qa#p"')6 3;PJ
73Y#q.7P;4#P@7%V&%
7J J +7)S,7)69.73a23@lJ
Y7a);3$SV"#@ p'@.'m;32% ##2%[email protected]&Qa#3"k' 2s)P[53)P9+$@.!J
4'2/b+$.
6 g &045) K J
C/P%!+@23@ ^H2Q)[5)V([email protected]+'@B_/. $^b7%#V')lB_ *@SV"'lV+'l.'
"#3+237+'.8;37%P@P+'mBd8)6<[D)6-+$.7Y+'@lBd3. 7^_2FP&S8"#-+7l.!J
)P2 #&(23);32% 2/;#l[5/.84#P&%$0dlB_,[523K^V+'@.'9+$@@BQ3. $^d2)*<[5)*PTJV#_*&%#AI+$@.'N;?2Z% #_a#7470h'
# 2/r29P"#3;?@23';32/P9!)[5)6+'l.'=/B-)P9S,7)6a#2%H@B_H.7@P+&%#;r3.105/.'+)PSI&%#qa
"#2Z%Y')6+@/;+@7% J
+
( ) 07(&- *&.$ (P:+:+ 0# (*.$
*&.3$ 0 10 . * $
1@%#;3YBQ#2[5-SI3;!2Z%!SH9+7)9P&SI"!@_+$@.'Y2Z%.V)<[1)-+$.'=#l932/:^d(W +%.,a#
.'/*&0h%,+I$#)Y;37SV"#l8+$.7J %b 23SV"#@# ')23A5.7B-%H#m7%;37SV"#lb+'l.,
P#TBF%]&% g &045) J $4$qaQ;45)P)P%' 6^hPGS
p2 !@V( S,'.5?23a^/"#/-!9;/7SV"!@ ($@.'"#)6<[5@74#P\^d.'3;)P 3.!JVLI7(='#TBd[5)P='!2Zr2/;3;<45)P2Z(p2Z%!&SI2+@7%X'r+#6Q;37SV"!@ ([email protected]@%$0N"')6';/P/ml%#7!^h!"##P !J
n "!$#&%('*)+#(, (-/. !/01'32 .54 6,87
9;:=<?>@BADCFE8G"AIHKJLHBMN<8G O<PHRQS@BAUTV<WOXAUY[Z\:]E_^]M&<8@a`b:3EWHcTd<e<8Y[^3Ee@1MNAfEegh JiAUGj^]gh<8Gj<eY3MN<WOkAUYlE
^3@R>mCn@RE8GQeEegho<eO pF> Hrq5@BAUCnE8GjA(sKY3M1<8@/tNEeQW<"u pnqvsxw yc9;:=<5txz3YVQ8MNAh>YVEegfAUMxJ{>]t|M}:]E_M~HJFHKM1<8GE8Y=O
txz3YVOE8G<8Y3MNEegnAUG{^Vg<8G"<8YVMxEeMNAh>YvAH/HRzm<WHE8@/<;^3@B<WH/<8Y3MN<WOAUY5MN:3AH\Q8:]E_^3MN<e@$y
oW
85PexVBn"(/Vn
9;:=<Qe>3G{^Vgh<8M1<CL@BE8^3:VAhQSEegzH/<8@|AUY3M1<8@/tNEeQe<tN>3@|M}:V<r>@BAUCnE_G"AV^3@B>*Cn@1EeG :]EHTV<e<8YaAUGv^]gh<8G<8Y3MN<WO
EWHO3<PHBQ8@RAUTd<eOaAhY¢¡_`yU£y+9;:d<vOE_MNE"H1MN@KzmQ8Mxz@<{Mx:VE8M @B<8^3@<PHB<8Y3M1HrMx:=<">@RADCnE_G"A¤G6>3O3<eg:VEeHEegHB>
TV<W<8Y"AUGv^]g<8Gj<8Y]M&<PO¥AUMx:HB<8¦3<8@REegtxz3YVQ8MNAh>Y=H;tN>@|GvEeYVAU^zmgfE_MNAUYCM}:d<~G">VO<eg3AUY=QSgUzmOAUYCIEWOOAhYC
<WO*Cn<WHB§H1^]ghAUMxMNAUY3C<eO*C<eHB§HK^VgfAUM}MNAUYC¨tEQP<WHE8YVOEWOOAhYC ¦<8@KMNAQW<eH©E_MªCFAD¦m<8Y"gh>3QeEeMNAh>Y=H$y«¬H©M}:V<zH$<8@
G"E_Y]AU^3z3ghE8M1<WH|M}:V<^3E8^=<8@Gj>]O<Sgh§=<POAUMNE_T]g<¨M&< Mxz3EegdAUY=HKMx@1zVQ8MNA>YVHE8@<E8zMN>G"E_MNAoQ8EeghUJ5Cn<8Y=<8@BE_M1<eO
EeY=O®E8^3^V<eE8@AUY¯Mx:V<+M1< M{TV> y°AhQe±nAUYC²E8Y=O¯HB<Sg<eQ8MNAh>Y[Ee@B<a¥>@B±nAUY3Cn§E_YdObMx:V<³zVH/<8@aAH
^V<e@KGjAUMxM1<eOM1>vH/<Sgh<WQ8M(E8YVOvO3<eH/<Sgh<WQ8M(E8YJ¨Qe>G{TVAUYVE8MNAh>Y6>3td¦m<8@KMNAQe<PH1§V<eO*C<PH;E8YVO"tNEeQW<WH©zVHBAUY3CMx:V<
Gj>mzH/<TzMxM&>Y´y5«kO>zT]g<eµNQSghAQS±v>VtMx:V<rGj>mzHB<rTzMNMN>Y¶QeE8zVHB<WHEegh(Qe>3AUYVQSAO<8YVM;<PO*CF<WHM&>·T=<
n /H <Sg<eQ8M1<eO?>3@vO3<PHR<Sgh<WQ8MN<WOy¯9;:V<c¦Af@1Mxz3EegM}@BEWQe±T]Eegh~Eegfh>¥IH{M}:d<czmH/<8@{M&>bQSghA QS±?E_YdOO*@BE8C Mx:V<
Gj>mzH/<AUY >@/O<8@¤MN>¦Ah<¥bE_YdOrG"E_Y]AU^3z3ghE8M1<|M}:V<~>@BADCFE8G"ALG6>3O<egtx@B>G[EeYJ¬OAU@B<WQ8MNAh>Y(y
9;:=< zVHR<8@rG"E$J·HKMNE8@1M~E5Y=<¥ Gj>VO<eg]¥AUMx: E"H z3E8@<{^VAh<PQe<j>]t~^]E_^d<8@EeYVO+Q8:]E_YC<vMx:V<"T3EWQe±
Qe>3go>z@5>VtMx:=<"^]E_^V<8@5EeMrEeYJ¶MNAUG6<+ufMx:=<t@R>Y3MAH{Eeg ¥E$JFH¨¥:3AUM1<Bw$y¯9;:V<atNEeQW<WHK§~<eO*C<eHvE8Y=O
¦m<S@1MNAhQW<eHEe@R<OAoHK^VghE$JL<WO§3TzM\<eEWQ8:6C@R>mz^GvE8JTV<¨M&>mCCFgh<PO6AUYdOAU¦AhO*z3EeghDJIMN>6T=<AUY¦AHBAUT]gh<y"9 >
Qe@B<eE8M1<Q8@<SEH$<WH>YIMx:=<|^]E_^V<8@B§M}:d<|zVHR<8@´GjE8J EeO3OrYd<K¥i¦m<8@BM}AoQe<WHE8MdM}:d<~GvAoOn^V>AUY3M(>Vt´E_YJ<WO*Cn<8§
EeY=O h>AUYIMo¥>v< AHKMNAUY3CQe>^VgfE_Y]E_@´¦m<8@1MNAhQP<WH]¥AUMx:vE|YV<B¥ <eO*C<Py
AhGv^]gh<6tN>3gO3HK§\AUYdQegUz3OAUY3C¶TV>Mx:³Gj>zY]M}EeAfY?E_YVO ¦Eegf<$J¶tN>3goO3HK§\E_@/<{^V>VHBHBAhT]gh<6AUY?MN:]AhHv>@BAUCnE_G"A
HKJnH1M1<8G·y ~EeQ8:HBAUG{^Vg<ctN>3ghO³AoH5E_Y]AUGjE8M1<eO?O*z@BAhYC tN>gOAUY3C+E8Y=O³E8zMN>G"E_MNAoQeEegh J+tN>3goOH y
<eEWQ8:6MNAUG6<Mx:V<tN>3goOvTzMxM&>YAhH^3@B<WH/HB<WOy AUGv^]g<tN>ghO3H~E8@/<YV>M\^V<8@1G"AUMNM&<PO"^VEeHBM 5uHAUY=Qe<
Mx:VAH]¥>mzmgoOQeE8zVH/<|Mx:V<;^]E_^d<8@(MN>5^3EWH/H´M}:]@R>zCL:{AUM1HR<Sgtow8y
q{YV<aMxJW^V<+>Vt"Qe>Gv^]gh< tN>ghO§~Mx:=< AUY=HBAhO3<a@B<8¦m<8@/HB<?tN>3goOn§r:3EWHcTV<e<8Y¯AfGv^Vgh<8G6<8Y3M&<PObAUYXMx:=<
HKJnH1M1<8G·y <8¦<8@/H/<5tN>3goO3HrE8@R<{YV>M~E8YVAUG"E_M1<eO§\HBAUYVQW<{O>AUY3C¶H/>"¥>mzmgoOaAUY3¦>3gD¦m< zHBAUYC·Qzm@K¦<WO
HKz3@/tNEeQW<eH5>@rzYdtN>3ghOAfY3C^VE8@1M1H>VtM}:V<"^]E_^V<8@8yZ|>Y=H/< z3<8YVMNgUJW§@R<¦m<8@/HB<tN>3goOH E_^]^V<eE8@MN>?TV<
t1>ghO3<eO EeghVEeM\>YVQW< §]Ay <ynMx:V<tEQP<WHE8@R<¨Gj>¦<PO"AUGvGj<WOAfE_M1<Sg JM&>·MN:V<eAU@ Qe>@K@/<eQ8M tNAUY]EegV@/<WHKMNAUYC
^VgfEQP<WHAUY5Mx:=<tN>3goO~¥AUM}:V>mzmMdE8YVAUG"E_MNAh>Y´y
9;:=<@/<eHBM\>3t\Mx:V<Qe>G{^Vgh< tN>3ghO3HE8@/<YV>M < ^VgfAQeAUMNg J"AUGv^Vgh<SGj<8Y3M&<PO5¥AUMx:MN:V<SAU@~>¥rYaT3zMxM&>YdHK§
T3zM~M}:V<$J6Ee@R< ^V>VH/HBAUT]g<5MN> EQ8:]A<8¦<{AUY Mx:V<"Q8z@K@<8Y3MHNJnHKM1<8G6y EeYJQP>Gv^Vgh< tN>3ghO3HQ8EeY+TV<
`
^V<e@Bt1>@KGj<WO EWHvEQe>GvT]AhY]E_MNAh>Yi>VtrG">zY3MNEeAUY]§;¦Eegh <8J+E8YVO¢@<$¦3<8@HB<+tN>gOH"EWH6O<PHBQe@BAUTV<WO¢AUY
¡ *y £yU£y
9;:=<tN>3gfh>¥AUYC{tAUCz@B<WH~HK:V>¥ HR<¦m<8@BEeg3¦Ao<B¥H~>3t©Er^VE8^=<8@~EeAU@K^VghE8Y=<Gj>3O<egf<eO·AUY¶Mx:V<>@BADCFEeG"A
HKJnH1M1<8G·y
!#"$%'&#()&+*,$"$&,
!**.&,-/0
(a)
(b)
(c)
#
$ & "
! !$
0! &* !/-,- # $0! $#&''$"
" $ !- -+ !-'$
!* '&,'
oW
} & Bn o SIPe & Bn
sKY6M}:]AH|H/<eQ8MNA>Y3§3EWHK^V<WQ8M1H>]tM}:V<>@RADCnAUYVEeg=O<WHAUCLYaO<PHBQ8@RAfTV<WO"AUYaZ\:3E8^3M1<8@ `{M}:3EeM:VE8¦<YV>MJL<8M
TV<W<8Y6AUG{^Vg<8G"<8YVMN<WOvO*zV<~MN>{MNAUG<Qe>Y=HKMN@BEeAUY3M1H|E_@B<rOAHBQ8zVH/H/<eOy9;:V<rQz@1@/<8Y3MAUGv^Vgo<8Gj<eY3MNE8MNAh>Y
>VtªM}:d<~>@BAUCnE_G"AnGj>]O<SgEegoHB>5:VEWH|HR>G6<Gj>@/<~OAot1tAhQ8z3gUM(^3@R>T3gh<eGjHB§*Gj>VHKM(>Vt¥r:VAQ8:"E8@R<O*zm<~MN>
Mx:=<|^VE8^V<8@ HghEeQe±r>Vt]Mx:VAoQe±YV<WH/Hy;9;:d<eH/<AHBHKzV<WHE8@R<OAHBQ8zVH/H/<eOAUYjO<8MNEeAhgnAfY6¡ y 3y
9;:=<5OEeMxEvH1MN@KzmQ8Mxz3@R<:]EWH~Td<e<8Y O<PHBAUCYV<WO·M&>aEegfh>¥ tN>@rAUYVtAhYVAUMN< zY=O>+E8Y=Oc@B<WO>3§EH¥I<egf¤EWH
EeYVAUG"E8MNAh>Y >3tM}:V<"tNAUY]Eeg(Gj>]O<Sgy ">P¥I<8¦<e@K§¤YV> z3YVO>3§@R<WO3>§\E8YVAUG"E8MNAh>Y >@r@R<8^VgfE8J·>]t~Mx:V<
HBMN<8^=H´zVH/<eOAUYjQ8@/<8EeMNAUY3C Mx:V<~>@BAUCnE8GjAGj>]O<Sg:VEWH´T=<e<8YvAUG"^Vgh<8G6<8Y3M&<POJn<8M1y
9;:=<rQSE_G6<8@BE¬Qe>Y3M}@B>3goH1§d>M}:V<8@Mx:VE8Y6M}:d<¨¦AU@1Mxz3EegVMN@KEWQe±TVEegfU§(E_@B<rYV>MAUGv^]gh<8G<8Y3MN<WO]y"9;:=<¨zmH$<8@
QeE8Y3Y=>M tghAf^ Mx:V<"^3Ee^V<8@>¦m<8@ >@zmH/<{Mx:=< @B>MNE_M1<{Mx:V<vG6>3O3<eg TzMxM&>YdH8yi9;:VAoH5E"GjAUYV>@
!
"
$#
hA YdQe>Y3¦<8YVAo<8YVQW<vHAhYVQe<{M}:V< ¦Ah@KMxzmEeg´M}@BEeQe±nT3Eegf\AhHHKzVt1tAhQeA<8Y3Mt1>@Gj>3HKM¦A<¥AUY3C@/< z3AU@R<SGj<8Y3M1H8y
9;:=<AUGv^Vgo<8Gj<8Y3MNE_MNAo>Yv>Vt]M}:V<PHB<~Qe>Y3MN@R>ghH]¥I>z3ghOrTd<;@/<8EWHB>3Y3E8TVgDJ~M}@BAU¦AhEegy
Z©zm@K@R<8Y]MNg JL§VMx:V<¨zH$<8@~AHYV>MEegfh>¥I<eO·M1>^3@B>¦AoO< E_YJ ^]E_@BEeGj<8MN<8@/H~MN>aMx:V<vQ8@R<SEWHBAUY3Cn§(tN>3goOAUY3Cn§
EeY=O³gfE_YVO*G"Ee@R±aTzM}MN>Y=Hy =>@I< E_G{^Vgh<e§\Mx:=<·E_YCngh<6>VtrEtN>ghO?AoHEeg ¥E8JLH5AfYVQ8@<8G"<8Y3M1<eO?TJ
< EQ8MNgDJ *y |¥¬:V<8YcM}:V<¬¦Eegho<$JI>@Gj>zY3MNEeAUY6TzMNMN>Y¶AoH^V@B<eH/H/<eO]ysKYaEItxzMxzm@B<r¦<S@HAh>Y3§VMN:V<
zVH/<e@HB:V>mzmghO T=<"E8TVgh<"MN>?H1^V<PQeAht&JE_YJE8Y3Cng<{MN>?tN>3ghO]y >F¥I<$¦m<8@K§\M}:V<{G<8Mx:V>VO >3trz3HBAhYC¶E
O3<WtE8zmgUM·¦EegUz3<tN>@³txzYdQ8MNAh>Y=H AH³HKztNtAQSAh<8Y3MMN>lHK:V>F¥ M}:]E_MaQe@B<8EWHBAUY3C E8Y=O tN>3ghOAUYC¥>3@B±
Qe>3@K@R<PQ8MNg Jy
9;:=<">YVgDJG"<8M}:V>]O Qz@1@/<8Y3MNg JE8¦EeAfghE8TVg<{MN>³EO3OaYd<B¥<WO*CF<PH5MN>³M}:V<"Gj>]O<Sg;AoHMN> o>3AUY?Mo¥>
< AHKMNAUY3C¦m<8@1MNAhQP<WH$y sBO3<8EeghDJW§nAhM(HK:V>z3ghOTV<;^V>]H/HBAUT]gh<M&> EO3OYV<K¥ Q8@/<8EWH/<eHz3HBAhYC¬E8YJ¬>Vt 5z WAUMNE H
HBA >@RADCnE_G"AnE Ah>3GjHuoH/<e<¡e£y y Ww/y~sBYVQSgUzVHBAh>Yv>Vt]M}:d<WHB<|^V>¥I<8@Btxz3gtN>3goOAUY3C M1>3>ghH|AhH;<WHBH/<8Y3MNAfEegnMN>
txz3ghDJ¬HBAUG{zmgfE_M1<|Mx:=<|^V>¥<8@\>3t]C<e>Gj<eMx@BAhQeEegnE8Y=O¨GjE8Mx:=<8G"E_MNAhQSEegL^]E_^d<8@ tN>ghOAhYCy
#
# " "
oW
e e+a} L ] r; \=F d
9;:=<c^3@B>Cn@1EeG:]EH"TV<e<SYbAUGv^Vgh<8G6<8Y3MN<WO zY=O<e@ ?AhYVO>¥IH >Y E °´Z zmHBAfY3C6pLE8¦E+E_YVO
¦Ee@BAh>zVHpWE8¦EcghA T3@BE8@BAh<WH8yX9;:VAoH5G"Ee±<eHvMx:V<atNAUY]Eeg;^3@/>3O*zQ8ME8¦EeAhgfE_T]gh<cM&>iG">@R<a^V<e>^]g<cM}:]E_M
¥I>mzmgoO EQ8Mxz3EeghDJ gfAh±n<iM1> zmH/<®AUMN§HRzmQ8:EWHQS:VAhg O*@/<8YAUYHBQe:V>3>3goH$y 9;:V<¯Qe>Gv^zMNE8MNAh>YVEeg
@/< FzmAU@B<eGj<8Y3M1HE8@/<5E8^3^3@R>^V@BAUEeMN<vtN>@AUGj^]gh<8Gj<eY3MNE8MNAh>Y+>Y+E5^V<8@HB>Y]Eeg¤QW>Gv^zMN<e@/y³9;:V<pWE8¦E
ghEeYCzmE8Cn<5¥EWH5Qe:V>3H$<8Y?T=<eQeE8zVHB<6AUM5AhH{^VgUEeMNtN>3@1G"µNAUY=O<8^=<8YVO3<SY3MrE_YdO?>T h<PQ8M&µK>@1A<8Y3MN<WO§E8YVOs
¥EeY3MN<WO¨M&>C<8M(HB>Gj<~< ^V<8@BAo<8YVQW<|zVHBAUY3CM}:]AH´^V>^3z3ghE8@¤^3@B>CL@BE8GvG"AUY3CrghE8Y3CzmE8C<Py
9;:=<zVHB<8@AUY3M&<8@/tNEeQW<AoH\^3@B>Cn@1EeGvG"<WO{zVHBAUY3C5M}:V<©pLE8¦E~« TdHKMN@1EWQ8M ?AUY=O>¥AUYC9 >3>3gf±nAUM~uD« +9¤w
EeY=OpE8¦E d>zYVOE8MNAh>3YaZ;gfEWH/HB<WHru ¥AhYCw$y69;:V<8JvE8@R<5tx@/<e<egUJvE8¦nEeAhgfE_T]g<>Y¶Mx:=<5sKYVMN<8@1Yd<8M1y V>@
O3<8MNEeAhgoH(^]g<8EWH/<HR<e< « ^3^V<eYVOA «5y
«rgh E_YVOv£ C@BE_^3:]AhQWHz3MNAhgfAUMNAh<WH|HKzmQ8:6EWH|ghADCL:VMNAUYCL§^=<8@/HB^V<eQ8MNAD¦*<^3@B> h<PQ8MNAh>Y6E_YdO5M}:d<¦AU@1Mxz3Eeg
Mx@REWQS±TVEeghE8@R<{AhGv^]gh<8G<8Y3MN<WOczVHBAUYC¶q5^V<8Y |y q ^V<eY bAHEegoHR>³E{^VghE8M1tN>@1G"µNAUY=O<e^V<8YdO<8Y3M
«°´s§E8Y=O¥rEWH|Q8:V>VHB<8Y>m¦m<8@3pE8¦EW£ TV<eQeE8zVH/<E8M(Mx:V<MNAUGj<r>3t(Mx:VAoH´¥@BAUMNAUY3CL§epE8¦nEW£ ¥rEWHHKMNAhgf
AhY <8MNEaM1<eHBMNAUY3Cy 9;:V< cE8CFAoQeAfE_Y¯q5^V<8Y TVAUYVOAUYCH":VE8¦m< TV<W<8Y¯AUYdOAhHB^V<8Y=HBE8TVgh<³AUY¯Mx:V<
O3<8¦<Sg>^3Gj<8Y3Mj>3t{Mx:VAhH6^3@B>C@RE8Gcy V>@6Gj>@R<³AUY=tN>@KGjE8MNAh>3Y¯E8TV>zM aE8CFAoQeAfE_Y3§^Vgo<eEeH/<?HB<W<
«r^3^V<8Y=OA «y ny
j#x010N#12 - # . 2n (-R. ! . 9;:VAoH;H/<eQ8MNAh>Y6OAHBQzH/HB<PH;HB>G<>VtdMx:V< OAotNtNAoQ8z3gUMNA<eH;<8YVQe>mzmY]M&<8@B<eOjO*z@RAfYCvAUGv^Vgh<8G6<8Y3MNE_MNAh>Y6E8Y=O
:V>¥iMx:=<$J E8@/<;TV<SAhYC :VE8YVOg<eO]y
"
]
o FR]} |1V
9;:=<|@/<8^3@R<PH/<8Y3MNE8MNAh>Y >]t]^VE8^V<e@AUYIMx:VAoH\HJFHKM1<8G[AoHE_YvE8T=HKMx@BEWQ8MNAh>Y >]t]M}:d<¥rE8J@/<8Eegn^]E_^V<8@´GjADCF:3M
TV<e:3E8¦3<Py Y]ghA ±n<"Ev@/<SEeg >@BAUCnE8GjAG6>3O3<egU§M}:d<{¦AU@1Mxz3Eeg\^3Ee^V<e@r:3EWHYV>?Mx:VAhQS±Y=<eH/HB§|E_YVO?tEWQe<WH
@/<8GjEeAUY{^V<e@RtK<eQ8MNgUJtNgUEeMKy9;:3zVH\AUYvMx:=<~>@BADCFE8G"AmHJFHKM1<8Gv§3EWH>@BAUCnAUY]Eegh JIQe>YVQW<SAU¦<WO*§3AUMAH\^d>3H/HBAUT]g<
MN>vtN>3goOE~tgUEe^ >3tªM}:V<|Gj>]O<SgtNgfE_MdE8CnEeAUY=HKM(E8YV>3Mx:V<8@;tNEeQW<8§3H/>5Mx:VE8MdM}:V<OAU:=<eO*@BEegE8Y3Cng<AH\< EeQ8MNgUJ
Py Y=tN>@1Mxz3Y3EeMN<eg JL§rMx:VAoH+O>3<WHcYV>3M"Gj>3O3<egr@/<SEegr^VE8^V<8@¦3<8@1J³¥<eghU§5EeYVO tN>3gOAUYC tNgUEeM
AhY3MN@B>3O*zQe<PH´zHB<S@¤AUY3MN<e@BtNEWQe<|^3@R>TVgh<8G6H/y s$tdE;^]Ah<WQe<>Vt]¦AU@1Mxz3Eegn^VE8^=<8@(AoH;tN>gO<WOM&>{< EeQ8MNgUJ 8§
E tEQe<~>3tªM}:V<|^VE8^=<8@TV<WQe>G"<WHuo^3Ee@1MNAfEegh J_w;HRz^=<8@BAUGv^V>]H/<eOv>Y3MN>vE8YV>M}:d<8@;tNEeQe<y zT=HB< FzV<8Y3MNg JL§
¥:V<8Y"M}:V<zVH/<8@¤Mx@BA<PHM&>"HB<eg<eQ8M(>Yd<~>VtdMx:=<¦<8@1MNAoQe<WHMx:VE8M(:VEeH\TV<eQe>Gj<~>¦3<8@RgfE_^3^V<POn§AhM´AHGj>@/<
OAtKtNAhQzmgfM MN>³O<8M1<8@KGjAUYd<¥¬:]AhQ8:³¦m<8@1M1< AoHEeQ8Mxz3EeghUJQ8:=>3H$<8Ydyi9;:V<8@R<"E8@<6HB<¦*<S@BEeg\AUY3M&<S@REeQ8MNAh>Y
M1<eQ8:3YVA zV<WH´Mx:VE8M=QeE8YvTV<|zVHB<WO¨M&>vO<eEegS¥AUM}:{M}:]AHK§T3z3MVMx:V<8J E8@R<YV>MdOAH/QzHBH/<eO:V<8@/<Py
(b)
(a)
(c)
,& !!$ 0 &+$-- " & " #" &, 9 >{M&<8Gv^V>@BE_@BAhg JrE8¦>3AoOMx:VAoH^V@B>TVgh<8G"§nM}:d<z3H/<8@\AHQ8z@1@/<8Y3MNg JEegh >F¥I<eO5M1>"tN>3gO M}:d<~^]E_^V<S@;>YVg J
< EQ8MNgDJ *y AUY"E HBAUGv^]g<~tN>gO 1y9;:=<zVHB<8@\GjE8JItN>ghO5Mo¥AQP<~AUY6Mx:V<rHBE8Gj<rOAU@/<eQ8MNAh>3Y6AUY6>@/O<8@
MN>"EWQ8:VAh<8¦3<E OAU:=<eO@KEeg3EeY3Cngh< >]t Pyr«rM(Mx:VAH|E8Y3Cngh<e§3Mx:=<¨^3E_^V<8@E8^V^V<SE_@/H|M&>"Td<tN>ghO3<eO6tNghE8MN§
T3zMMx:V<8@<cAoHv<8YV>zCL:bHK^VEWQe<·M&>iOAtKtN<8@/<8Y3MNAhE8M&<aQegh>]HB<egUJ+EegfAUCLYd<eO³¦<8@BMNAhQe<WH{E_YdO?<WO*Cn<WH8y¯9;:]AH
G"Ee±F<PH(MN:V<|Gj>]O<Sg¦AoHKzmEegfUJ EeQeQW<8^3MNE8TVgo<8§nE8Y=O5HBAUGv^]ghAtAh<WH´M}:d<~HB<egh<PQ8MNAh>Y >]t(<eO*CF<PHE_YdO¨¦*<S@1MNAhQP<eH8y
j>F¥¨<¦<e@1§|MN:VAhH"HB>3gUz3MNAh>YiAH¨¥<eEe±?HBAUYVQW<cE+tN<B¥ QeEe@B<Wtxz3gh J?Qe:V>3HB<8Y Qe>Y=HB<PQ8z3M}AD¦*< tN>3gO3H"QeE8Y
QeE8zVH/<M}:V<¦Ah@1Mxz3Eeg^VE8^V<e@\Gj>]O<Sg3M&>"Td<eQe>3Gj<¨E ^3:JLHBAQSEegVAhG{^V>3H/HBAUTVAfghAUMxJny{« TV<8MNM&<8@~HB>3gDzMNA>YcAH
#
MN> tN>gO¢M}:V< ¦AU@1Mxz3Eeg~^VE8^=<8@"M&>X< EeQeMNg J aH/>²M}:]E_MvQego>3H/<eg J?^3Ee@1Eegf<Sg¬tEQe<PH6E8@< EeQ8MxzmEegfUJ
V^ E8@BEegho<egU§nE8Y=O¨M}:d<8Y5zHB<E|Gj>VOAotNAh<POr@R<8YdO<S@BAUY3C MN<WQ8:3Y]A Fz<~HRznCC*<PHKM&<POAUY·¡ yU£ny y
(a)
(b)
##
! $ & $ -,-" & +!" )&+* /
" & '$"
* 0/" -"
,
]
5e|¤ B} ~=*
AhYVQe<q ^=<8Y :]EWHcT3z3AhgUM1µNAUY[QSE_^]E_T]AhgfAUMNA<WH tN>@@/<8YVO3<8@BAUY3Cn§Mx:V<?Q8z@K@/<8Y3M>@BAUCnE8GjA5HKJFHKMN<8G
O3<8^V<eYVO3H>Yjq5^V<SY MN>5@R<8Gj>m¦m<|:VAhO3O<8YjHKz3@RtEWQe<WH$y Y=tN>@KMxzYVE8M1<eg JW§n^V>g JWCn>Y=H´M}:]EeM=gfAh<¦3<8@NJ
Qego>3H/<"MN>CF<SM}:V<8@5Ee@B<"YV>MrEeg ¥E8JLH5@B<8Y=O<e@B<eO³^3@R>^=<8@Bg JTJ¶qv^V<8Y y s/tMo¥>?^V>g JWCn>Y=H{E_@/<
< EQ8MNgDJIQe>^VghE8YVEe@E8YVO6OAtNtK<8@R<eY3M\Qe>3gh>mzm@/HK§=q ^V<8Y ?AHAUYVQW>YVHBAoHKM1<8Y3M;AhYcAUM1H Q8:V>AhQW<>Vt´¥r:VAhQ8:
^V>3gDJWCn>Y¶MN>c@/<8Y=O<8@ E8ME_YJvCnAU¦<8Y+MNAUGj<Fy+9;:VAoH^V@B>TVgh<8GG"AUCn:3MTV<{Eegh<¦AhE8MN<WOcTJG"E8Y3z3Eegh J
HBMN>@BAUY3C¶Mx:V<"ghE8JL<8@BAUYC >VttNEeQW<PH5AUY?M}:V<c>@BAUCnE_G"A\Gj>]O<Sgh§\@/<egUEeMNAD¦*<"MN>?Mx:V<"¦A<B¥<8@ H gh>3QeE8MNAh>Y(y
j>F¥¨<¦<e@1§*MN:V<~AUGv^]g<8Gj<8Y3MNEeMNAh>Y">Vt´ECF>3>3O5:]AhO3O<8Y6HKz@/tEWQe<EegUCF>@BAUMN:3G AoH\TV<JL>YVOvMx:V<rHBQe>3^V<
>Vt]Mx:VAoH(^3@/> h<eQSM1y
9;:=<|T]EWHBAhQ~q5^V<8Y ¶AUGv^]g<8Gj<8Y3MNE8MNA>Y{AH´EegHB>vYV>M(QSE_^]E_T]g<~>]td@R<8YdO<S@RAUYC¨Qe>YdQeE8¦<^V>gUJWCn>Y=H$y
sKY@B<eEeg3^VE8^=<8@~tN>ghOAUY3Cn§VQW>YVQSE8¦*<tNEeQW<PHE_@B<rEegUG6>3HBMYV<8¦m<8@~Q8@R<SE_MN<WOy v>F¥I<8¦<8@B§VAUM\AoH;^V>]H/HBAUT]gh<
#
#
&"'"
/" & * & -#! '&("
- - !! )0 #&% MN>Qe>Y=HKMx@KzQ8M\Qe>Y=QSE8¦*<tNEeQW<eHzmHAhY3CvMx:V<¨¦Ah@KMxzmEegd>@RADCnE_G"A(HKJFHKMN<8Gy <PH1^]AUM1<rMx:=<tNEWQ8M\Mx:VE8M\YV>
Qe>3YVQSE8¦< tEQP<WH?<8¦3<8@?E_^3^V<SE_@/<eO O*z@BAfY3C¯M&<PH1MNAUYCk>]t+Mx:=<X>@BAUCnE8GjAHKJLHM&<8G"§HKz^3^V>@KM tN>@
@/<8YVO3<8@BAUY3CQe>YVQeE8¦<~tNEWQe<PH\HK:V>z3gOrTV<EWOO3<eO5tN>@@R>T3zVHKM}Yd<eH/H8y
(a)
(b)
)&+ &+ & $ ! #-
, # ,"#&+ &+ & ) '#&"
!" - " & -,
- &%
" ?:V<8Y+EvtNEeQW<5>Vt|Mx:=<5>@BAUCnE_G"AdGj>VO<eg´AHrtNAU@/HKM Q8@B<eEeMN<eO§¤AUM1H¬¦m<8@1MNAhQP<WHrE8@R<"Qe>^VgfE_Y]E_@8y V>3ghOAUYC
>^=<8@BE8MNAh>Y=HK§n¥:V<8YAUGv^]g<8Gj<8Y]M&<POjQe>@B@R<eQSMNg JL§dHB:V>z3ghO"Y=>M;QSE8zHB<¨¦m<8@1MNAoQe<WHM1>¦Ee@NJjtx@B>G MN:V<SAU@
>@BAUCnAUYVEegdHK:VEe@R<POv^]ghE8YV<y v>¥5<8¦<8@B§3Y3zG6<8@BAhQeEeg=O*@BAtxM|AUY Qe>Gv^zMNE8MNA>YVHB§d<WHK^=<eQSAhEegfUJI@B>MNE_MNAh>YdHB§
G"AUCL:3M\QeE8zVHB<~Mx:=<¦<S@1MNAhQW<eH|Mx:VE8M¤O3<WtAUYV<E~^VE8@1MNAoQ8z3ghE8@~tNEeQW<M1>6Qe<eEWHB<Td<eAUY3CvQe>^VgfE_Y]Ee@(¥:]Ahg <Mx:=<
Gj>]O<SgnAH´GjE8YVAU^zmgfEeM&<PO3y ¶>@B<e>¦m<8@B§q5^d<8Y 6¥>z3gO:VE8¦<OAt1tAhQ8z3gUMxJ¬@B<8YVO3<8@BAUY3CrM}:d<eH/<YV>YVµ
^VgfE_Y]E_@^=>3g JPCF>YdH/ya9;:]AH^3@R>T]g<8G:VEWHYV>M|JL<8M~Ee@BAhH/<8Y³AUY+MN:V<vQ8z3@1@B<8YVM~AUG{^Vgh<eG"<8Y3MNE_MNAh>Y]§ HB>
Mx:=<AUYV<Pt1tNAhQSA<8YVQ$J¬>3t´Qe>Y3MNAUY3z3EegnM&<PHKMNAUY3CtN>@(^VgfE_Y]E_@\tNEWQe<PH\HR<P<8GjHzYn¥rEe@1@BE8Y3M1<eO]y <e< VADCLz@< y
#
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
#
%"$ & )& &+&"
" &,0!/$ ! - " %&* "
# 0! % "
$", #& &+ 0! '- %&* "
$-, &+ !#'* &*.- - « 5¥ <egh µ±YV>¥rY HB>3gDzmMNAh>YaMN>Mx:VAoH@R<8YdO<8@BAUY3C6^3@R>T]gh<eG AHM&>aT3@B<eEe±<SEQ8:?tNEWQe<{AUY3¦AoHBAUTVgDJAUY3MN>
Mx@RAfE_YCng<WHK§]¥r:VAQ8:³E8@R< CLz3Ee@BE_Y3MN<W<eOcM1>aTV< ^VghE8YVE8@8y >F¥<8¦m<S@1§YV>M}:]AUY3CCz3E_@BE8Y3M1<e<WHEeO hEWQe<8Y3M
AhY¦AHAUTVg<|Mx@BAhE8Y3Cngh<WH]¥AUMN:]AUYvE tEWQe<|M&>5TV<Qe>^VghE8YVE8@1§HR> Gj>@/< Q8:V<PQe±nAUYC ¥>mzmgoOrTV<|Y=<e<PO<PO3y
#
]
8 o5e;3 8=ox ~=*
sKYMx:V<Qz@1@/<8Y3M¦AU@KMxzmEeg>@RADCnE_G"A\Gj>VO<egf§;<8¦m<8@J^VEeAf@I>3ttEWQW<eH:VEWH E¶HKM}@B>Y3C E8Y=O?<Pt1tAhQeA<8Y3M
C<e>3Gj<8Mx@BAQ{@/<eghE8MNAh>Y=HK:]AU^3§\T3zM~Mx:=<SAU@r^3:3JLHBAoQeEeg@R<SghEeMNAh>Y=HK:]AU^?AHOAot1tAhQ8z3ghM~MN> O3<8MN<e@KGjAUYV<FysKMrAhH
^V>VH$HBAUTVgh< M}:]E_M"Mo¥>[tNEeQe<WH·¥Afgh5TV<?Gj>m¦m<eO¯AUY]M&>k^V>VHBAUMNAh>YdHaMN:3E8Mv¥>z3gO QeE8zmH/< M}:d<8G MN>
AhY3M1<8@K^V<eYV<8Mx@BE_M1<{AUY+Mx:=<5@B<eEeg]¥¨>@BghO]y V>@< E8Gv^]g<8§(Mo¥> YV>3YVµxEeO hEWQe<8Y3MrtNEeQW<WHAUY³M}:d<vG">VO<eg
Mx:VE8Mª>m¦m<8@BghE8^jAUY"Mx:3@R<W<eµKHK^VEeQW<©¥AhgfEet1tN<PQ8Mª>Yd<~E8YV>Mx:=<8@\EWHMN:V<$JrE_@B<rtN>3gO<WO·uHR<P< 3AUCzm@B< ufE/w}w$y
«rgHB>3§]At\E@R<¦m<8@/HB<tN>3goO"AH|^V<e@BtN>3@KGj<WO">Y>Y=<^]E_@KM >]t\EO3>*zT]gh<WµNgfE/JL<S@~tNghE8^V§]M}:d<AUY3YV<e@~gfE/JL<S@
HB:V>mzmgoOaEegHB>aTV<"tN>3goO<PO uHB<P< VAUCz3@R< uhTw}w$y VAUYVEegfUJW§Mo¥¨>?Qe>G{^Vg<8MN<egDJAUYVO3<8^V<8Y=O<8YVM tghE8^=H
G"E/J TV<tN>3gO<eO5HB>5M}:]E_Md>Y=<|^VEeH/H/<eHMx:3@R>mzC:5MN:V< >Mx:=<8@|uH/<e< VADCLz@R< uoQBw}w$y
"
(a)
(b)
(c)
#
% " %" " #& " " $&+ & #&
&#"&+ % # % * - % " - "
*.& % / 8< M&<eQSMNAUY3C txEWQe<PH\Mx:VE8MV¥Ahg ]AUY3M&<S@1^V<8Yd<8M}@BE8M&<rO*z@BAfYC{tN>gOAUYC AoH~OAht1tAQzmgUMKyv9;:V<^]@R>TVgh<8GAUY6Mx:V<
Qe>3Y3MN< Md>VtdE|^VAh<WQe<eµ¥AHB<^]ghE8YVE8@(Gj>]O<SgHKzmQS:vEHMx:VAoHAhH\G6>@R<~HKMN@BEeAUC:3M1tN>@x¥E_@/OMx:VE8YjQe>3gfhAHAh>3Y
O3<8M1<eQ8MNAh>Y¯T=<8Mo¥<P<8Y[>M}:d<8@MxJW^V<WH >VtaHKz@/tNEeQe<WHy v>¥<8¦<e@K§vO<8M1<eQ8MNAUYC Qe>3gfhAHAh>Y=H AUY[Mx:=<
>@BAUCnE8GjA(G">3O3<eg(AoH Qe>Gv^zmMNE8MNAh>YVEegf JjMNAUGj<eµKQe>Y=HKzG"AUY3C§(EeY=O·AUM1HAUGj^]gh<8G<8Y3MNE8MNAh>Y+AoHT=<$JL>Y=O
Mx:=<aHBQe>^=<>3tMx:VAoH5^3@R> <eQ8MBy[sKCLYV>@BAfY3C Qe>3gfhAHAh>Y=H"O>3<PH5YV>3M5HR<8@BAh>mzHBgDJ¶EWtKtN<WQ8MrMx:=<tK>3ghOAUYC
^3@R>]Qe<WH/H$ysKY3M&<S@1^V<8Yd<8M}@BE8MNAh>Y6AhH¦AoHBAUTVgo<M&> MN:V<zVHB<e@1§3E8Y=O M}:]AH|Eegh >F¥IH\Mx:V<zmH$<8@\M&>6Q8@/<8EeMN<rHR>G6<
TV<eE8z3MNAhtxz3gh§Mx:V>zCn:I^3:JnHBAhQeEegfUJ AUG{^V>VH/HBAUT]gh<e§¦AU@1Mxz3EegH/Q8z3gU^3Mxz3@R<WH]¥AUM}:5Mx:=<>@BAUCnE_G"AHJFHKM1<8G6y
#
]
d eB8} i =
«rgh¤tEWQe<WHAUYaM}:d<v>@BAUCnE8GjA(G6>3O3<egE8@R<5^V>gUJWCn>Y=H¥AUM}:?Qe>Y=HM}E8Y3M~<WO*CF<{g<8YCLMx: E8Y=OaQe>YdH1MNE8YVM
AhY3M1<8@KYVEeg(E8Y3Cngh<PH8y9 > GvEeYVAU^zmgfE_MN<MN:V<G">VO<egh§dMx:V<5z3H/<8@ AoHrEegfh>¥<WOcMN> <SAUM}:d<8@rEO3OaE ¦*<S@1MN<
u ¥r:VAoQ8:¶O>V<WHYV>M Q8:VE8Y3Cn<rMx:=<vHA W<5>@¬HK:]E_^d<I>]tE8YJ{>]t|M}:d<vtNEeQe<WHxw >@~^V<e@BtN>3@KGEvtN>3goO3yc«
t1>ghO"AhH<WHBH/<8Y3MNAhEegfUJrE¬Qe>G{TVAUYVE8MNA>Y6>Vt´@R>MNE8MNAh>Y=H|E8Y=O5@/<etg<WQ8MxAh>3YVH>3t´MN:V<rtNEeQe<WH|AhY6Mx:V<G6>3O3<eg
@R>M}EeMNAh>YdH\E8YVO5@R<PtNgh<PQ8MNAh>Y=H\EegoHB>jO>"YV>M¤Q8:VE8Y3C<M}:V<rHA L<>3@;HK:]E_^d< >3tMx:V<rtNEeQW<eH8y¨9 :V<8@/<etN>3@B<e§
Mx:=<|^VE8^V<8@ O>V<eHYV>MdE8^3^V<eEe@(MN>vHKMx@<8MNQ8:vAUYvMx:VAoH\HJFHKM&<8Gcy
!
£
- (! . V!
9;:=<8@B<Ee@R<rG"E8Y3J5zYVE8Y=H&¥¨<8@/<eO zV<WHKMNAh>Y=HE8TV>zM|M}:V<E8^3^VghAoQeE8TVAfghAUM J >Vt©zVHBAUY3CQe>Gv^zM1<8@/HrtN>@
>@BAUCnE8GjA y9;:d<vtNAU@/HKM;^3@BAh>3@BAUM JjAhY+t&zmMxz@B<¥>3@B±5¥>z3ghOcTV<MN>+Qe>Gv^]g<8MN<M}:d<5AUGv^Vgo<8Gj<8Y3MNE8MNA>Y
O3<WHBQ8@BAhTV<PO"AUY6M}:]AH~O>3Q8zG<8Y3MKyv9;:V<¨EWO3OAUMNAh>Y>Vt\Q8z3@K¦<WO6HKz@/tEQe<PHAH Fz3AUM1<rAUGv^V>@1MNE8Y3M1y"9;:V<
Q8z3@1@B<8YVMHJFHKMN<8GAhH5@R<SEWOAhg J+< M1<8YVO3<eO³M1>¢Eegfh>¥G{zmgUMNAU^]g<aHK:=<e<8MNHj>3t¨^VE8^=<8@vEWH{AUYG">VO*z3ghE8@
>@BAUCnE8GjA>@IQ8z3MxMNAUY3C >]trMx:V<c^3Ee^V<8@uo±*YV>¥rYiEH w/yk« YVAUG"E_MNAh>Yi>Vt¨M}:d<6^3@R>]Qe<WH/H{>Vt
t1>ghOAhYCE Gj>3O3<Sg3AH|OAt1tAhQ8z3ghMx§TzM\<WH/HB<8Y3MNAhEegM1>{GjEe±n<M}:d<r>@1AUCnE8GjAVHRJLHBM&<8G zHB<Wt&zmg3AUYcM}:V<¥E$J
AhM¥EWH5AUY3M1<8YVO3<eO]yi« ^3:JnHBAhQeEegfUJLµxT]EWHR<PO+G">VO<eg >]trMx:=<c>@RADCnE_G"A >T <eQ8M~¥>mzmgoO?ghAf±<eg JaT=<PH1M
O3<8Gj>YdH1MN@KEeM&<¨M}:d<rTV<8:]E8¦Ah>z3@ >Vt|^3:JnHBAQ8Eeg(^]E_^V<8@8yc9;:=<5< AHKMNAUY3C6AUGv^Vgo<8Gj<8Y3MNE8MNA>Y+Qe>z3gO·T=<
< MN<eYVO3<eOcMN>+MNEe±n<{EWO*¦FEeY3MNE8Cn<j>]t~Mx:3@/<e<eµ1OAUG6<8Y=HBAh>Y]Eeg\AUY3M&<S@BEQ8MNAD¦m<jOAoHK^VghE8JLHTJ6zVHBAUY3C+HKM&<S@R<e>
AhG"E8CF<PHE_YdO¨¦AU@1Mxz3Eegn@R<SEeghAUMxJ AUY3^zM(O<¦AQe<PH$y
<8¦<e@BEegnHB^V<eQeAotNAoQAUGv^3@R>m¦m<8Gj<8Y3M1H´M1>M}:V<~Qz@1@/<8Y3Md>@RADCnE_G"AmHJnH1MN<8G[:]E8¦m<TV<P<8YjQe>3YVHBAoO<S@R<PO5E_YVO
Ee@/<|^3@R<WH$<8Y3M&<POAUY5Mx:=<~tN>gh >F¥AUY3CHB<WQ8MNAh>Y=H$y
]
o K1 (\( e3=8?K L|&x B =´_ d
sKYMx:VAoHIHRJFHKM&<8G"§;EWH AUYEegh\^3@/<¦Ah>zVH5±YV>¥rY>@BAUCnE8GjA~AUG{^Vgh<eG"<8Y3MNE_MNAh>YdHB§;Mx:VAhQS±nYV<WH/H{>3tMx:V<
^VE8^V<e@AHADCLYV>@/<eO]yc9;:VAH:VEWHTV>Mx: EWO*¦E8Y3MNE8CF<PHrE8Y=O+OAhHEWO*¦E_Y3MNE8Cn<WHB§´GjE8YJ>Vt©¥r:VAoQ8:+:VE8¦<
Eegh@/<8EWOFJ¬TV<e<SYjOAHBQzH/H$<eO:d<8@R<Fy~«bTV<8M}M1<8@\E8^3^3@/>EWQ8:jMN>{:VEeYVOghAUYCM}:d<~Mx:VAoQe±YV<WH$H;>Vt´Mx:V<^3Ee^V<8@
¥EWH|HKzCCn<WHKM&<POrTJ~«rghEeAUY >mz@1Y]A<8@;u V>mz@1Y]A<8@B§ ERwAUYv^V<8@/HB>YVEegnOAoH/Q8zVHBHBA>YVH]¥AfM}:5:]AUGy
`
9;:VAoHt&zY=OE8Gj<8Y3MNEegE_^]^3@R>3EeQ8:³M&>³HBAUG{zmgfE_MNAUYCMx:VAoQe±YV<WH/HAUY?Mx:V<j>@BADCFE8G"A¤G6>3O3<egfhAUY3C+HJFHKM&<8G
O3>3<WHYV>M´@R< Fz3AU@<M}:d<~Q8z@B@B<8Y3M¤>@BAUCnE_G"AOEeMxE HKMN@KzmQ8Mxzm@B<MN>vTV<Qe:3EeYCF<eO"AUY6E8YJ~¥E/JyIsKY=HKM1<eEeO§
>YVgDJ~M}:V<@B<8Y=O<8@BAhY3CGj<8M}:V>]OAH´Gj>VOAotNAh<WOy sBt3¥5< HB>3gD¦<M}:d<@/<8YVO3<8@BAUY3Cr^3@>T]gh<8GHG6<8Y3MNAh>Y=<eO
AhY³¡ y y *§VMx:VAH<eghAfGjAUY]E_MN<WHM}:d<r@R<PHKz3ghMNAUY3C¥¨>@B±nµNE8@R>mzmYVO6>]ttN>3gOAUYCvM&> ¨EWH O<WH/Q8@BAUTV<PO6AUY
¡ y 3y y >"Mx:V<zHB<S@;AH|EeQ8MxzmEegfUJEegfh>¥<WO5MN>6tN>3ghO{MN>j< EQ8MNgDJ 8§¥r:VAhQ8:"GjEe±<WH\Mx:V<r@B<WHKM\>Vt
Mx:=<|GjE8YVAU^zmgfE_MNAh>Y">3tVMN:V<|^]E_^d<8@(Gvz3Qe:vHBAhG{^Vgh<8@E_YdOrGj>@<|EeQWQz@BE_M1<Py
?:V<8YEIHK:d<e<8M >3t\^]E_^d<8@~AHtN>3ghO3<eOcAUYc:VEeghtN§]M}:d<rMo¥>6:]EegU¦m<PH~>3t\MN:V<¨^VE8^=<8@~gfAh<¨¦m<8@NJjQegh>]HB<MN>
>Y=<E8YV>M}:V<S@/y+sKY¶Mx:V< ¦AU@1Mxz3Eeg(>@RADCnE_G"A(Gj>3O3<SgU§(M}:V<$J¥¨>mzmgoO6Td<vHKz^V<S@1AhG{^V>VHB<WOc< EWQ8MNg Jy+sBY
=>mz@1Y]A<8@ H5^V@B>^V>VHB<WO³G"<eMx:V>3OMx:V<cMo¥>btNEeQW<PH¥¨>mzmghO T=<c@/<8YVO3<8@R<PO?^VE8@BEegho<egT3zMvHBgfAUC:3MNgUJ
H/<8^]E_@BEeMN<eO]yj9:V<5tN>3ghOcghAUYV<S§=AUYdHKM&<SEWO6>Vt\TV<SAUY3CjE8YaE_T]@Kz^3M;Qe:3EeYC<AUY OAU@R<PQ8MNAh>YaT=<8Mo¥<W<8YaMx:V<
tNEWQe<PHB§n¥>mzmgoO"TV<r@/<8YVO3<8@/<eO6EWHErY3zGvTd<8@~>Vt\Y]E_@K@/>P¥ HBMx@BAU^=H^]E_@BEegfh<egdM&>·MN:V<tN>gO6gfAUY=<Py69;:]AH
¥I>mzmgoO5GjEe±n<MN:V<rtN>3ghO"gfAUYV<rE8^3^=<eE8@;MN>"T=<G">@<@B<eEegfAHKMNAQPy{«¬gUMx:V>zCL:cYV>"¦>3gDzGj<AhHEWQ8Mxz3Eegh J
EWO3O<WOrMN>5Mx:V<|^VE8^=<8@(Gj>]O<Sgh§Mx:VAQS±YV<WH/HAoH¤HBAfGvz3ghE8MN<WOrTJMN:V<~HB<8^VEe@BE_MNAh>Y">Vt´ghE$JF<8@/H$y 6>M&<Mx:VEeM
¥I<G{EeAhY3MNEeAUYvEghAUG"AUMVMN>5Mx:V<@1EWOADzH>VtdQzm@K¦E8Mxz@R<Fy
" "
"
#
(a)
(b)
& $-- "0& $ "
*0/" " ,$ !-. $&% , 9;:VAoHG<8Mx:V>VO¬¥Ahgf^3@B>TVE8TVgUJ~¥>@B±¥I<egfmtK>@ HBAUG{^Vgh<rtN>3goO3H$y v>¥<¦m<8@B§Gj>@/<|¥>@B±YV<P<eO3H;MN>
TV<³O>Yd<6¥r:V<8Y¯Mf¥I> tN>gO3Hc>3QWQ8z@_y V>@< E8Gv^]gh<e§¥r:V<eYXMN:V<+^3E8^=<8@cAHatN>3goO<eOXAUY¯>YV<
OAh@B<WQ8MNAh>Y]§VE8YVOvMN:V<8YcAUY6MN:V<^=<8@1^V<8YdOAhQ8z3ghEe@OAh@R<eQSMNAh>Y3§VMf¥I>Q8@B<eEeH/<WHAoy <PyVtN>mz@ <eO*C<WHK§VG6<e<8M;E8M
>Y=< ¦*<8@BMN< y|9¤¥>j>3t´Mx:V< <eO*Cn<WHd¥Ahg :3E8¦m<MNAUYJ¬Q8z@1¦3<eOvHKz3@RtNEWQe<PH\AUYj>Yd<~OAh@B<WQ8MNAh>Y3§P¥r:VAhgo<Mx:=<
>Mx:=<8@~Mo¥>cGjADCn:3M;TV<5AUY+EeYV>Mx:V<e@OAU@<eQ8MNAo>Ydya9;:V<C<8YV<8@BEeg QSEH/<{>Vt:V>F¥ M&>aG6<8@KC<vH/<8¦<8@BEeg
t1>ghO3<eO5<eO*C*<PH(G"<W<8MNAUY3CrE8M=E|^V>3AUY]MV:VEeHMN>TV<Qe>Y=HBAhO3<8@/<eO]y
#
(a)
(b)
! &$-- !0 "
$ $ ! * #"0 %" $& &#(%" "
/" '" & '
* -
9;:=<³TV<PHKM6E_^]^3@R>3EeQ8:b¥5<³:VE8¦<tN>mzY=O¯HB>[txEe@aAoHaM&>kzVHB<E¢MNAhYJ¢¦AU@BMxzmEeg5HB^3:V<8@/<E8M6Mx:=<
AhY3M1<8@/HB<WQ8MNAh>Y"^V>3AUY3MBy«¬O h>AUYVAhYCI<WO*Cn<WH;QSE_Y"T=<OAHKMN@BAUT3zM&<POvE8@R>mzmYVO5Mx:VAoHH1^3:d<8@R<HR>·M}:]E_MMx:=<$J
Ee@/<rQeE8@/<etxz3ghUJT]gh<eYVO3<eO]y VAfYVEegf JW§VEr^V>@1MNAh>Ya>3t\MN:V<¨MNAUY3JjHK^V:V<8@R<QeE8YaTV<IO*@BEB¥rYMN>¶Qe>G{^Vgh<8M1<
Mx:=<|@R<8YdO<S@RAUYCy
#
$&#%).& "
'&,
& " # & $- # & ' ,%
$ 9;:VAoH(G6<8Mx:V>VOr:]EWH\HB<8¦<e@BEegn>T=HKMNEeQeg<eHMx:VE8MV:]E8¦<;YV>M3Jn<8MVT=<e<8Y5@/<eHB>3gD¦m<eO]yZ>YVHBAoO<S@¤EH1:V<P<8M(>Vt
^VE8^V<e@´M}:]E_MdAH\tN>gO<WOAUY5:VEegotx§LMx:=<8Y{AUYI:]EegtdE8CnEeAUY3§nMx:V<8YvAUY":3Eegt´E8CnEeAUYV§E_YVOvHB>">Ydy <8Eeg^VE8^V<8@
QeE8Y>YVg JrT=<t1>ghO3<eOvAUY6Mx:VAoH\G"E_Y3YV<8@H/<8¦<8Y6>3@;<SAUCL:3M\MNAUG"<WH|T=<etN>@R<rAUM\TV<eQe>Gj<WH|MN>3>"MN:VAhQS±IMN>
t1>ghObE8Y3J?Gj>@/<Py ¶>3O3<egfhAUYCMx:VAHc^3:d<8YV>G<8YV>Y®¥AUM}: E_YJ²>3t"Mx:V<Qz@1@/<8Y3MHJFHKM1<8G6HaAhH
AhG{^V>VH/HBAUT]g<Py >3O3<SghfAUY3CAUM3¥AUMx: >mz@BYVAh<8@ H|HKzCLC<PH1MNAh>Y6AoH|^V>3H/HBAUTVgh<S§TzM\OAtNtNAoQ8z3gUMByr«H\Gj>@R<
ghE8Jn<8@/H+E8@R<¢EWO3O<WO*§Gj>@R<iQe>Gv^Vgh< @/<egUEeMNAh>YdH1:]AU^=HaTV<8Mo¥5<e<8YlMx:V<itNEeQe<WH AUY3¦m>gU¦<WO AUY Mx:=<
ghE8Jn<8@BAUY3C6E_@/<vtN>@KGj<WOya«¬goHB>Mx:=<YzGvT=<8@E8Y=OQe>YdtNADCLz@RE8MNA>Y+>3tY3Ee@K@R>F¥ H1Mx@BAU^=HY=<e<PO<POMN>
@/<8YVO3<8@6M}:d< Qzm@K¦nEeMxz@B<³E_M"M}:V<?tN>gO®ghAUYV< TV<eQe>3Gj<PHG">@<?OAot1tAhQ8z3ghM"M&> O<8MN<e@KGjAUYV<Fy 9;:=<
OAhEeG"<8M1<8@ >Vt\Qzm@K¦nEeMxz@B<¥>z3gO{C@R>¥ EWHghE8JL<8@/H~E8@/<EO3O<WOy AUGvz3ghE8MNAUY3CjMx:VAhQS±Y=<WHBH>3t\^]E_^d<8@
AhY6Mx:VAoH¥E8J5AHAUY3Mxz3AUMNAU¦m<Sg JIECn>3>VO{Gj<eMx:V>3O§3T3zM\AfM&H^3@REeQ8MNAQSEegVE8^3^VgfAhQeE8MNAh>Yv¥Afghd@R< z3Ah@B<rGj>@R<
Mx:V>zCL:VMKy
#
& - *. $&!,0 &!
&+$-- $ "
%'"*
]
r´}?Vo/* ex ~n F 8n}nn sKY?GvEeYJQW>Gv^]gh< tN>3ghO3HB§\AUYVQSgUzVOAUY3C@/<8¦<8@/H/<"tN>3goO3H1§\AfM AoH>]txM&<8Y?^V>]H/HBAUTVgo<"M&>³G"EeAUY3MNEeAUYMx:V<
^VgfE_Y]E_@BAUMxJj>VtEegh(Mx:=<vtEWQe<WHrO*z3@BAUY3C6M}:d<vt1>ghO]y v>¥I<¦<8@R§\O3>AUY3C¶HB>·¥Ahgf(zYVE8¦>3AoOE_T]g J·tN>@/Qe<
>Mx:=<8@\tNEeQW<eHMN>G">¦<At]MN:V<|^VgfE_Y]E_@BAUMxJ¬Qe>YVHBMx@REeAUY3M´AHMN>5T=<GvEeAUY3MNEeAUY=<eO]y«¬goHB>3§nMx:V<WH/<Eet1tN<WQ8MN<WO
tNEWQe<PH¥AhgfzHKz3EeghDJ·<8YdO z^AUY¢Ej^]@R<POAhQ8MNE_T]g<tAUYVEeg|gh>3QeE8MNAh>YEWtxM1<8@Mx:=<6tK>3ghO]yi9;:d<6Q8z@B@R<8Y3M
>@BAUCnE8GjAvOE8MNEHKM}@KzVQ8Mxz@/<Qe>mzmgoOXM}:d<8@R<WtN>@/< TV<?zVH/<eO MN> E_Y]AhGvE8MN<iM}:V<®Qe>Gv^Vgh<8M1<btN>ghOAUY3C
>^=<8@BE8MNAh>YvAtªEHB<8M(>3t(Qe>YdH1Mx@BEeAUY3M1H¤>Y{M}:V<|Gj>]O<SgQe>z3gO¨T=<H/<8M]z^vE8Y=O¨GjEeAUY3MNEeAUYV<PO]y
9;:=<E_Y]AUGjE8MNAh>Y=H\HK:V>¥rYvAUY °E_^d<8@d« YVAfGvEeg >3@B±HK:V>^ uoHB<W< rAfM}M JW:VEB¥±*§ /w\E_@B<~EC*>3>3O
< E_Gv^]gh<>3tEWQ8:VAh<¦AUY3C?Qe>Gv^Vgo< tN>gOH5zVHBAhYC?>YVg J¶^]ghE8YVEe@jtxEWQe<PH$y¯9;:V<eAf@IG">3O3<eghfAUY3C E8Y=O
EeYVAUG"E8MNAh>YGj<8Mx:V>VO3HE8@R<¨YV>M\E8¦EeAhgfE_T]gh<tN>@AhYVHK^d<eQ8MNA>Y3§3:=>P¥5<8¦<8@8yjs1MAhHEWH/HKzG6<eO"MN:3EeM\Mx:V<8J
:VE8¦<iHBAUG"^Vg Ji:VE8@Oµ1Qe>3O3<eOXMx:=<¢gh>3QSEeMNAh>Y=H+>3tcEegh ¦*<8@KMNAQe<PHaM}:]@R>mzC: Eeghjtx@BE8Gj<WH³>VtcMx:=<SAU@
EeYVAUG"E8MNAh>Y=H8y
E8@BEWt1t|E8YVO ?AhMN±nAUYaO3<WHBQ8@BAUT=<EIOAot1tN<e@B<8Y3MNAhEegdG6<8M}:V>]O>Vt|G"EeAUY3MNEeAUYVAUYC·Qe>YdH1Mx@BEeAUY3M1H~Mx:VE8MGvE8J
TV<Ee^3^VgfAh<WO"OAh@B<eQeMNg JMN>6Mx:V<< AoH1MNAUYC >@RADCnE_G"A3Gj>VO<eg(u ;Ee@BEWtNt©E_YdO AUMN±nAUY3§ 8w/y z@BAUYC E
$#
OAH$Q8zVH/HBAh>Y+¥AUM}: «¬gUEeAfY >mzm@KYVAh<S@1§\:=<cHKzCLCn<WHKMN<WO M}:]E_MrMx:V<8@/<"GjADCL:3M< AoH1MrEaHBAUGv^]g<aHB<8M>Vt
Qe>3YVHM}@BEeAUY3M1H>YvE_Yv>@RADCLEeG"AGj>3O3<eg3u V>z@KYVAo<8@R§ PTnw$y~9 :3AoHd¥>z3gO AUYVQegUzVO<~GvEeAfY3MNEeAUYVAUYCEegh
<WO*Cn<g<8Y3CM}:dHru ¥r:VAoQ8: HK:V>mzmgoO"@R<8G"EeAUY Qe>Y=HKMNE8Y3MwB§dG"EeAUY3MNEeAhY3AUY3C6AhY3MN<8@1Y]Eeg(E8Y3Cng<PH|¥AUM}:]AUY <8EWQ8:
tNEWQe<®uoEeghHB>[Qe>Y=HKMNE8Y3MwB§5E8Y=OXMx:V<8Y zm^VOE8MNAUY3C Mx:V<iOAU:V<WO*@BEegIEeYCngo<?TV<8Mo¥I<e<8Y <8EWQ8:[^]EeAU@+>Vt
EWO hEWQe<8Y3M\tNEWQe<PH$y sBt\>YV<OAU:V<POn@BEeg]E_YCFgo<rAhHEWO DzHKMN<WO§VtN>@ < E_Gv^]gh<¥r:=<8Y6Mx:=<^]E_^V<8@AoHTV<eAUYC
t1>ghO3<eO§(Mx:=<8Y+Mx:V<v@B<WHKM~>VtMx:=<"OAh:V<POn@BEeg\E8Y3Cngh<WHE8@/<v^3@B>TVE8TVgUJQe>Y=HKMN@BEeAUYV<WO TJMN:V<"AUY3M1<8@KYVEeg
EeY3Cngh<PHE_@/>zYVOMN:V< ¦<e@KMNAhQW<WH$y³°(@/<eghAUG"AUYVE8@NJ5¥I>@B±¶HRzCCF<PHKM1HrMx:3E_M~Mx:V<WHB<"Qe>Y=HKMx@REeAUY3M1H¨E_@/<5YV>M
HKzVt1tAQeAh<8Y3M\MN>{JLAo<eghO"Ez3YVA zm<@/<PHKzmgUM´¥AUMx:V>zM|EeGvTVADCLz3AUMNAh<WHy v>P¥I<8¦<e@K§VMx:=<AhO3<eEr:]EWHYV>M\JL<8M
TV<W<8Y < ^]gh>@/<eOlt&zmgfUJW§vE8Y=O AUM1H?HKz3QWQe<WH$H/txz3gvAUGv^]gh<eGj<8Y3MNE8MNAh>Y¯¥I>mzmghOkGjEe±<²E_Y < QP<egh <8Y3M
EWO3OAUMNAh>YvMN>M}:d< Qz@B@R<8Y3M(HKJLHBMN<8Gcy
#
(a)
(b)
' #"$!! / & ,- "
#" %"$0 * / - $"
# -+- !
! $ 0 * / -'$"
,- & #
]
r´}?Vo/* ex n /V*
«HrQeE8Y¶TV<{H/<e<8Y+AUY+E8Y3Jv@/<8Eeg¤>@BAUCnE8GjA¤HBQzmgU^]Mxz@R<S§ªQzm@K¦<WOaHKz@txEWQe<PHE_@/<5<WH$HR<8Y3MNAfEeg\AUY E CF>3>3O
^VAo<eQe< >3t G>3O3<8@KY >@BAUCnE_G"Ay HK^=<eQSAhEeghDJ AUY®@R<WQe<8Y]MvO3<eHBAUCY=HB§r>@BAUCnE_G"A:VEWH6Td<eQe>G< ¦<S@NJ
/H QzmgU^]Mxz@BEegU§n@R< z3AU@BAhY3CM}:V<~HRzm@BtNEWQe<>Vt]Mx:=<^]E_^V<8@\MN>5:VE8¦<E Q8z@1¦<POvHK:VE8^V<~AfYvM}:V<tNAUY]EegnGj>]O<Sgy
¶>@R<e>m¦m<8@1§nEegUG6>3HKMdEeghn^3@B>3QW<WHBH/<PH(@B< FzmAf@R<Mx:3EeMV^]E_@KM1H¤>]t]M}:d<;^]E_^V<8@TV<Q8z3@K¦*<PO>@\<8¦<8YjtN>@/Qe<WO
AhY3MN>aHKMN@RE8Y3Cn<5Qe>YVtNAUCz3@BE_MNAh>YdH ;O*z3@BAUY3CtN>ghOAhYCn§VMx:V>zCn:aAUYMN:V<tAUYVEeg(Qe>Y=tAUCz@BE8MNAh>Y+M}:V<{tN>3gO
G"E/J?ghA <+tghE8M1y «G6<8Mx:V>VO?G{zVH1MTV<+tN>zY=O?MN>bHBAUG{z3ghE8M1<Mx:=<PHB<^3@B>VQe<PH/HB<WH"AUYiMN:V<a¦AU@RMxzEeg
>@BAUCnE8GjAnG">3O3<egoy
9;:=<Q8z3@1@R<8Y]M(>@RADCnE_G"AmHJnH1M1<8G AoHYV>M¤QeE8^VE8TVgh<>Vt´:VE8Y=OgfAUY3C Q$z3@K¦<WO"HKz@/txEWQe<WH8y ¶A JE WEe±nAV<8MEegoy
^3@/<WHB<8Y3MMN:V<eAU@G6<8Mx:V>VO M&>¢tN>3gO³E6HB:V<e<SM¥AUM}:Qzm@K¦<WO?HRz@/txEWQe<WHB§©zHBAUYC E6^3:JFHAQ8EeghDJLµNT3EWHB<WO
Gj>]O<SgVu aA JLE WEe±*AE8Y=O5>Mx:V<e@RHw/y9;:V<8JOAU¦AO<~MN:V<Q8z3@K¦*<POv^V>@KMNAh>Y>]t(Mx:V<^VE8^=<8@ <¦<8YVgUJAUY3MN>
g>YC¶HKM}@BAh^VH¨^3Ee@BEegh <eg´M&> M}:V<"tN>3goOn§E8Y=OczVHB<5MN:V<WHB<"H1MN@BAU^VHMN>³E_^3^3@B> AUG"E_MN<"Mx:V<6Q8z@K¦<y?9;:]AH
G6<8M}:V>3O¨¥I>@B±H´¥<eghVtN>@Q8z@K¦AUYCI>VtEHBAUYCngh<rghE8JL<8@~>3t©^3Ee^V<8@R§3TzMM}:d<$J O>"YV>M;< M&<8YdO"AUM¤MN>
:VE8Y=Ogh<Mo¥>cQ8z@K¦m<eO6tEQP<eH~Mx:VE8M\Gj<W<8MN§dtN>3@~< E_Gv^]gh<y"9;:=<J O<8Gj>Y=HKMN@BE8M&<¨M}:]EeM\M}:V<SAh@~Q8z@K¦m<eO
HKz3@/tNEeQW<rAUG{^Vgh<8G6<8Y3MNE_MNAh>Y{¥¨>@B±HQe>@R@B<eQeMNg J¥¬:d<8YEeO3OAUY3CjO<8MNEeAhgHO*z3@BAUY3CIMx:=<tNAfY3EegªHM}E8C<WH>3t
t1>ghOAhYC EeYv>@RADCnE_G"AGj>VO<eg y >F¥<8¦<e@K§LMN:V<|G6<8M}:V>3O AhH¦m<8@J¬gfAUGjAUMN<WO5E8Y=O:]EWHYV>vE8^3^VgfAhQeE8MNA>Y
MN>MN:V<Qzm@K¦<WO5HKz@/tEQe<PH(MN:3EeMdE8@RAoHB<~O*z@BAUY3CtN>3goOAUY3Cy
sKM AhH¨¦m<8@KJOAtKtNAhQ8z3gUMM&> ^3@R>]O*zmQW<"AUY3MN<e@KGj<WOAfE_MN<6tx@BE_G6<WHtN>3@Mx:V<{EeYVAUG"E_MNAh>Y?>VtrtN>ghO3H~¥r:d<8@R<
Q8z3@K¦<WO³HKz@/tNEeQe<WHE8^3^=<eE8@/y¢9;:V<WH$<6HKz@/txEWQe<WHE8@<{YV>YVµx^VgfE_Y]Ee@1§T3zMMx:V<8JE8@R<6@Kz3gh<WO?HKz@txEWQe<PHB§
G6<8EeYVAUY3CMx:VE8MvMx:=<³Q8z3@K¦FEeMxz@R<³G{zmHBMvTV< <8@R>XAUY¯E8Mjgo<eEeHBMj>Y=<?OAU@/<eQ8MNAh>Y´y 9 :V<HRz@/tNEeQW<
txz3YVQ8MNA>Y®AUM1HR<Sgt5Qe>3Y3MNEeAUYdHjOAoHBQW>Y3MNAUY3z3AUMNA<eH"EWH"E+tN>gOiAUYbMx:=< ^3E8^V<8@AhH6Mxz@1YV<WO²AUY=HBAoO<+>mzMN§
¥@BE8^3^=<eO{E_@/>zYVOvAfM&H/<Sgtx§3>@~>M}:V<S@¥AoH/<rt1>@BQW<eO"AUYVMN>"^VgfEQP<Py V>@E_Ya< E8Gv^Vgo<8§VMx@NJ tN>gOAUYC E8Y
#
&
/ !- - "$ " ' / " & "
! #"0& !) &- #& * !* " > ^=<8Y6>@ QSgh>VHB<WO{HBAhY]±juHB<e<^3E8C< w(¥AUMx:6Mx:V<~@BEB¥[<eO*C<WH\EeM´M}:V<TV>MxM&>G >VtMx:=<Gj>]O<Sg3:=<eghO
MN>C<8M}:V<S@MNADCL:3MNg Jy9:VAhH³QeE8Y[TV<iOAtKtNAhQ8z3gUM6M1>[O>3§5<8¦m<8YX¥AUMx: @R<SEeg^VE8^V<e@$y«¬QPQ8z@BE8M&<SgUJ
Gj>]O<Sgh AUYCM}:V<PHB<~GvEeYV>3<z¦n@/<WHª¥>z3ghO5@R< z3AU@/<~E¦<S@NJO<8MNEeAfg<eO5^3:JFHBAhQSEegGj>]O<Sgyr9;:d<~G">VO<eg
¥I>mzmgoO6:VE8¦<MN>aGjEeAUY3MNEeAUYaMx:=<¦>gUzGj<{>3tM}:V<^]E_^d<8@¬O*z@BAfYCjM}:d<vt1>ghO"¥r:VAfg<{Eegh >¥AUY3C6MNAUY3J
tNEWQe<SM&H¨M&> ^VEWHBHrEe@KTVAUMx@RE8@BAhgDJ·QSgh>VH/<{M&>³>Y=<"E8YV>Mx:V<e@~¥AUM}:V>mzM ^3EWH$HBAUY3CMx:V@B>zCL:?>Y=<"E8YV>M}:V<S@/y
GjEegfVQ8@<SEH$<WHE8^3^V<eE8@E_YdO6OAHKEe^3^V<eE8@EWH;Mx:=<tN>3ghO"AoH~Qe>Gj^3gh<SM&<PO3y·°ª@B>VO*zmQSAUY3CjEGj>3O3<eg]M}:]E_M
O3>3<WHMx:VAoH5AUYE"C<e>Gj<8MN@BAhQeEegfUJ¶Qe>@B@R<eQSMrE_YVO ¦AHKz3EeghDJ HKEeMNAhH/txJAUY3C6¥rE8Jj¥>z3gO G"Ee±F<cE·CF>3>VO
@/<eH/<eE8@RQS:5^3@R> h<PQ8MdAUYvAhMNH/<eghty
" "
?l©
b ¶>]O<SghfAhYCItN>3goO<PO^VE8^=<8@zVHBAUY3CrM}:d<~Qe>Gv^zmMN<8@\AH|E~G{zQ8:6:3E8@/O<8@|^3@R>T]g<8G M}:]E_Y"G"AUCL:3M\tNAf@RHKM
TV<rEWH$HKzG6<eO]yv« YJ >@BAUCnE8GjAdGj>3O3<SgVG"EO3<>zM;>]t\@/<eEeg]^VEe^V<8@~E8^3^V<eE8@/HM&>cTV<QW>Gv^3@BAHB<PO6>Vt
G6<8@R<egDJ HB>Gj< ^V>3gUJPCF>Y]Eeg¬tEQe<SM&HB§E8Y=OiE+t1<¥ Q8z@K¦m<eO²^VE8@1M1H$y >F¥<8¦m<8@B§~Mx@BE_YdHBghE8MNAUY3C?M}:]AH
H/<P<8GjAUYCFg JlHAUGv^Vgo< >T <eQ8M?AUY3M1>EXG"E_Mx:V<8GjE8MNAQSEegU§¶Qe>Gv^zMNEeMxA>YVEegfUJLµxMx@BEQ8MNE8TVgh<S§EeQWQ8z@RE8M1<8§
G"E_Y]AU^3z3ghE8TVg< E8YVObQe>Y=HBAoHKM&<8Y]M Qe>G{^3z3M&<8@"G>3O3<Sg AhH FzmAUMN<³OAtNtNAoQ8z3gUMBy s/t¨¥<?HBAUGv^]ghAt JMx:V<
^3@R>TVgh<8G MN>V>{GvzmQ8:]§TJADCnYV>@RAUYC Qzm@K¦<WO6HKz@tEQe<PHE8Y=O{MN:3AQe±YV<PH/H>VtMx:V<r^VE8^V<8@B§3M&>3>"G"E8Y3J
<WH$HR<SY3MNAhEegnO3<8MNEeAhgoHE_@B<gh>VHKMBy
9;:VAoHMN:V<WHBAoH:VEWH©E_MxM&<8G{^VMN<WOM&>{CnAD¦*<ErO<eMNEeAhg <POvE8YVO{AUYVMN<8@<PHKMNAUY3C:VAoHKM&>@KJ>Vt´M}:V<rO<8¦m<Sgh>^3Gj<eY3M
EeY=O5HBMxz3O*J¨>]t(Mx@BEWOAUMNAh>YVEeg3E8YVOvMN<WQ8:3Y]AhQeEeg3>3@BAUCEeGjAoy9;:V< >@BADCFE8G"AVAUY3MN<e@RtEWQe<rO<PHBAUCYj^3@/<PHR<8Y3M1<eO
:V<e@B<cAH{E_Yb< E8Gv^Vgo<>]tr:V>¥ ¦AU@KMxzmEeg@R<SEeghAUMxJ+E8YVOQe>G{^3zM1<S@vGj>3O<eghfAUY3CQeE8YiTV<czH$<eOMN>
@/<8^3@R<PH/<8Y3M}§\HKM1>@R<{E_YdOcM&<SEWQ8: >@BAUCnE_G"A\Gj>3O3<SghH8y«rgUMx:V>zCL:?Mx:V<jQzm@K@R<8YVMAUGv^]gh<8G<8Y3MNE8MNAh>Y?AH
YV>M(Qe>Gv^Vgo<8M&<S§M}:V<@B<8GjEeAUY]AUY3Cr^3@R>T]gh<eGjH:3E8¦m<|TV<P<8YvAO<8YVMxAtAh<WOE_YdO5HR>gUzMNAh>YdH;HKzCCF<PH1M1<eO]yrs/t
¥I<³E8zCLG6<8Y3MvMx:=<³O3<WHBADCLY¯E8YVOXAUGv^Vgh<8G6<8Y3MNE_MNAh>Y®¥AUMN:¯Mx:V<<egh<8G6<8Y3M1HaOAH/QzHBH/<eOXAfY ¡ yU£§
3z3Mxz@/< >@B±§nE¦<8@KJ~^V>¥<8@/txz3g¦Ah@KMxzmEegn>@BAUCnE8GjAHKJLHBMN<8GlH/<e<8G6H(^V>]H/HBAUT]gh<y
#
""
BG"µ y E_Mx:(«y :3HB±MxGj g @/Eey QeaQW<WE8H$MNHR:d<Py O sKY3M&<8<8@B^3YVMN<8<8GjMBy TV<8@B§<8Ta^]E8*C*y <:3MxM}^
FtK>@KzmG6y H&¥E_@BMx:3Gj>@/<Py <WO*zFO@$y GjE8Mx:nO@Rµ
µBy °(Ee^V<8@E_Y]AUGjEege¥>@R±H1:V>^dy Z µ q +y rAUMxMxJW:VEB¥± >3txMo¥E_@/<sKY=QPy § y
«Qe>3CLG{z3Ah^3§cz9MN<eEe@$±y <WHK:VAU § +y" 9 Ee± <e"O!$Ee#§ % ³&y ' "E( )e±n!)*E h+AUG"EPy -, ./(0>10 MN! <·*`I« uYVAfGvnE_£8MNw2AfY3nC`n`n^Vµ gfE_WY]`3E_y @[tN>ghO3HXT3J
«r^V>3gh gDE8JWYVCn§>pYIy G"y § <WHK~:=y <P+H/y JP¦34Ahgf;15 E8YV)O*6 )s$!y j(7 y 1?!8(.AUMxM1<8Ydy « 9G' <8(:´Mx:Vu pW>VzOY=>3< gh>mCWJ StNw">W@v` OAU@/µN<e` Q8MmGjy E8YVAf^3z3ghE8MNAh>Y>Vt
«t1>zghOQSAh±nYg JLC§ y ;<E8')¦>Ao=O 8E_YV O²( )pL! >:32Y ') Z;go2<8 ¦( <egf? E_8YdO3"!$y '>? 9 >:')MNEe
gf B&J[( @R2<e?EeCDg6/ >E! @BAUCn?DEe BFGv:A6')DE8G Y=O 2:'HAUGv^V$ >V1( H$HB?2AUTV=Igo<b0J/^]( E_$^V <8"!@
B= 8 ( n§YV>dy£u aE_@/Q8: /w2 Wµ @A y
E8@BEWt1tx§ E8¦AO E_YdO « Y=O*@/<K¥
^3@BEWQ8MNAhQW<Py s \«~° Qe>z@/HB<|AfMN±nYVAU>3YdMNy <WHK§Qe°(>mz:3@/JLHRH< AQeEegf JLu µxTVEWH/<ew8O y Gj>3O<egfhA YC-5^V@BAUYVQeAU^]g<eHiE8Y=O
E8@BEWt1tx§ E8¦AO E_YdOc« Y=O*@/<K¥
Qe>z3@/HB<;YV>M1<PHK§Qe>z@/HB< £5u 8w/y AfMN±nAUYdy °ª:JLHBAQSEegh JT]EWHR<PO³Gj>3O<eghfAUY3C3y s «°
E8@BEWt1tx§ E8¦AO®E_YdO¢« Y=O*@/<K¥ ?AhMN±nAUYdy
% &' ( 3°(@B>VQe<W<eOAUYCHB§P« Y3Y3z3EegZ;>YdtN<8@/<8YVQW< Ee<8@1Cn@BAh<<PH;HKu M1<8^VH ewAUY[`£Qeµ gW>`Mx:[y HBAfGvz3ghE8MNAh>Ydy K.
<8@KYV§ aE_@/HK:VEegf(E8Y=O E_@K@KJ {E8JL<WH$y 9;:V<vQe>Gv^Vgo< AUMxJ>]t txgfEeM>@BADCFE8G"Ay , EL(0E* ! MN BO '
=PQGSRD+:=TGUR @ J V"!XW E( .7.=Y?- 1' X(u w2 Wµ n£y
Afghf§/pE_G6<WH yLE8Y=O zm@B<WHK: 5y >VO*:VEPy
% &' ( +2!$ B (.[Z \]Iu _w^ µ *y Q8z3gU^3MNAUY3C^V>gUJPC*>Y3EegGj>]O<SgH©zHAUY3C¦AU@1Mxz3Eeg3M&>3>gH$y
@B<e<8YV§ E8¦AO ry § y jy v>zVHR< E_YdO ³y(py > WYJy
HBu AfGvFz3`ghE8w2MN AUY3Cv£MNµ :V<5nOny @BE8^VAUYC Td<8:3E8¦A>mz@~>Vt´¥>¦<8Y+Qegh>Mx:(y ; _` «?&8a^31E_b@B MNAh.QS(7'dgh<WcµNT3LEeEH/! <eOX? Gj`L§>3O3j><S]gIy tK>@
@BAUMNAoH1:+q{@BAUCnE_G"A >VQSAh<8MxJnyeW
:3MxM}^
De¥~¥~¥5y @K^3Gv@/<eQe>@O3H$yUQe>]y z3±LTV8>]fB H^En.X^3:Vg">!)YV}<yy :3uf°ªMxGj:V>g YdE<jQeQPtN><WHBgO*H/<eAUY3O Cew8y sB<8Y3^3MN<8M&<8@1YdG"<8TVM\<8¥@ <8T O>Vy QzGj<8Y3MBy
" #
"
"
"
"
" "
#
# #
#
" "!"
"
#
£
"
Z;>3>]>3>±^VH<8@B§«¬>3gf@BE_ghOPY´¥y Ao= O<S § L y (1 A ;<') EJE!$ 2? BXJ +$!$ B (.W 0 -!Py V>VHKMN<8@ Z|AUMJ§=Z©« Vs :3 Mx<8M}<e^3^
H/M1Qe<8DE8Gve@1MN¥~TV<W<8HB¥~§@B¥5§ «ry Eeghf@BAUCnQemE8E8yM1YV>EP@/y Qey >]yG z3±^3( @R)>]! O*z, Q8.MN H2GjE88Cn AhQeAf EeY% O*>3>QPBH2nAhYVc O)<6 Py y :3Mxs1GjY3gMN<8@1Yd<8MByXEeQe« QW<W¦HBEeH/Af<eghE8O TVgo<tN@B>G
GjT=>]<8O@K<S:VgE8tN@>O*@ MN§ O*@B E_<e^]@KAUY3Y3:VCE8Qe@ghO*>§Mx:(«y y + <e
TV<8@"E_Yd O . y % Mx@B&EW H/' HB<e(7@/y )!>*`=« tEW? H1( MN$§ 1tN"gh!$< uAUTV<8gh<e^3§MBy ^]E_@KMNAQew2gh<e µKHnJFµHKM1<8*G y
~>Vt´AoH/tNQ8gh<:V<8AUYVTV§/ghp<~<WttKE_tNT3<e@B@NJAQ|^]E_y @K§ M1H/yy + <8
YCE_YVO K9~y " yn<Z|% gUEe9^3^d' y ( )]!)AUYV*`AU= M1<e$µ1<8go? <8( Gj2 <8"YV!$MdGju <8>3^3O3MK<Sy ghfAUY3CE8w^Y= OvQeµ >Y3MNy @B>3g
~sKYVAoMNH/<8<8@1Y3YdTV<8<8M1@Ky CF§ a<8TAh±^V<E8E8CnYV<O :V« MxM}Y3^Y&-e"A¥~HK¥:V¥v>Ahy ±nQWEH$yy Qe>gh>@BJWEW^VO<S>]@ yU{<eO*E_z<G" A \E<eAoH/QS<8EY3O6TVHR<eJLEHBM&:<8GJW^=<8tN>@KCn@;E8^]GjE_A^d <8d@~EeHRQWQQezm<PgfH/^3HBMx<WzO @R<Fy
<8^3M1<8GvTV<8@B§ my
Y3C<egU§F° <8M&<8@8y «^VE8^V<8@\tN>3gO<8@ H\tAUYVOAUY3C3y ;<')R`( E!(10 n`5u aE8JBpPzmYV< `ew2 µ y
Y3C<egU§F° <8M&<8@8y q5@BAUCnE8GjAeM}:V<|G"EeM}:V<8G"E_MNAoQeAfE_Y HE_@KMBy W :J(1/6 5u pPzYV< ew" W`nµ y
Y3C<egU§F° <8M&<8@8y B 0 =V! -1B? 0'8. E! <¥ >3@B±D >*¦3<8@(°(zTVghA QSEeMNAh>Y=HK§ `3y
\tNMx¥^AUYdnHBtN§ Mx;^dy@R@KAfzE_C3Y´y y Y]g1n°(>@R@R>3ADCn>]E_t¤G">]A1tnE8E @1MNQeAh>QSgY <WoH <eQ8EWMxzmQeQe@B<P< H/>]HB<Wt(O M1<eQ8:3Y]<8AQS^3EeM1gm<8>G"@BTVAUCn<8E8@1Gj§ A yIsKyY3M1<8@1YV<eMKyv«¦EeAfghE8TVgh<tx@B>G
=u <8:3@B_§ w2v >¥nµE8@RO]ny y q5Y³M&<SEWQ8:VAUY3C OAU:V<POn@BEeg;E8Y3Cngh<·E_YdO?H1MN<e@BEWOAUE8Y(y G 21') $ ( ; (1')
VtNMxAo^HB:V<8n@BtN§ Mx^dy @K zC3E8¦y Y]AOg1ny >@RADCnE_G"A1q5nE8@BAU@1CnMNAhE8QSGjg<WA H EWQe>QeY <PH/HB<WZ|O >Gv^3z<8M1^3<8M1@_<8y G"TV<8s1@1Y3§ M1<8@KYV<8MBy y «¦FEeAfghEeT]gh< tx@B>G
sKVY=gfEeQPYVy § E8CLEeY3§ y E8¦AOyXc )6 ! 83O) 0')0?y Y=O{<WOy <8T]EWHKM&>^d>3gU§VZ« q ;<eAhgf JEeYVO{«¬H/H/>3QSAhE8M&<PHB§
sKVY=gfEeQPYVy § E8CLEeY3§ y E8¦AoO3yc )6 _ ?&1 1! 34 0')0?y <8TVEWHKM&>^V>gh§Z©« q <SAhgf JE_YdO«¨H$HR>3QSAhE8M1<WHK§
Qe=>3>mG{z@1GvY]Az<8Y]@1§AhQe«rE8MNghEeA>AUY´Ydy5y««zG6CzV<8HKM}:VM >]OvMN*>"y @/<8YVO3<8@tN>gO<WO{^VE8^V<8@M}:]E_M;HBAUG{z3ghE8M&<PH;Mx:VAoQe±YV<WH$H8y5° <8@/HB>YVEeg
=t1>>mghO3z@1<eY]OA<8^3@1Ee§^V«r<8@_ghyEeAU°¤Y(y<8@/HB>zYVCEeCg<eQeHB>MNG{Ah>GvY=H6zY]tN>AQS@E_MNHRAh><8MxYdMNyAUY3C<S^3EeYVM&<8O²G{T=Gj<8Ee@ AUY3MNEeAUY]Ahy Y3C¢CF<e>G6<8M}@BAoQ Qe>YdH1Mx@BEeAUYVMNHcAhY
"
"
" "
" "
"
#
#
" "
n`
"
3zVH/<e§P9 >Gj>±n>dy 8! N3415 A pE_^]E_Y °(zTVgfAQSE_MNAh>YdH1§ y
3zVH/<e§P9 >Gj>±n>dyc@ BH? E_<1y9 >3±PJF>QNpE_^]E_Y °(zmT3gfAQSE_MNAh>YdHd9;@BEWOAUY3CrZ >]y § y
3zVH/<e§P9 >Gj>±n>dy ?7L ._<0y9 >3±PJL> &pE8^VE8Y5°(zT]ghA QSE_MNAo>YVH´9;@REWOAUYC¬Z;>ªy § y
{E_@/O*YV<e@1§ aEe@1MNAUYdy aE8M}:V<8G"EeMNAhQeEeg{E_Gj<PH8y R`( E!$ B 1($= 8 ( )!
u ew" £ µ `£y
6<{E_K¥@/O*YV<e>@1§@B±a EeAh@1GjMNAUYd>yYY{E_;YV')O !)Q8:* zRHB( MN<8E!$@B§ B (-= 8y ( )! L Y B G 2 ') 2 ( 2?,)gg ?&1 )!>*FW 6 1 "!$ "<8@R<8M1H/Q8:]ghE8CF<8@B§ ;>TV<8@BMKy
m
z
e
Q
f
g
A
O
e
<
8
E
Y
e
Q
>
=
Y
K
H
x
M
K
@
z
8
Q
N
M
h
A
>
d
Y
³
H
_
E
V
Y
O
x
M
V
:
¢
<
C
e
<
>
j
G
8
<
N
M
N
@
J
V
>
a
t
>
B
@
U
A
n
C
8
E
j
G
A
y
G ') $ ( -G g ! §YV>dy ru /w2L£ y
{ghEWH/HKYV<8@B§«rYVOn@/<B¥5y aEeAUY3MNEeAUYVAUY3C~¥AUY3CF<POµK<eO*C<Gj>3O3<egoH8y sKY % &' (:% X+b+R§3<eO]yRpE8G<eH
«r@1¦>]y >]H1MN>Y8«¬QSEWO<8G"AQ °ª@B<WH/H§ y
{ghEWH/HKYV<8@B§«rYVOn@/<B¥5y q5@BAUCnE8GjAn^]ghEeMN>YVAhQHB>3ghAoO3H$y + % &' (: )!>*`= ? ( 2 "!$
§*YV>]yW`vu w^ Lµ y
YV{>dghEWy H/¬HKYVu <8@B§P«¬w2YV O*@/<Bµ ¥5*y y ¶>@R<>@RADCnE_G"AHB>3gfAhO3H8y + . % &' (1 !>*<= ? ( 2 1"!$ §
{g<eAhQ8:V<S@1§ ¶AhQ8:]E<SgEeYVO®« YVO@B<B¥ ?AUMN±nAUY´y
<
;
)
'
V
E
2
?
@REB¥AUY3C?¥AUMN:[Qe>Y=HKMx@BEeAUY3M1H8y
u `ew2L£ µ y
z@B±<B¥AUM e§ ;>3Y3EE_Yd
O
~<8Y3YV<eMxM]«¬@KYVHBM&<SAUY(y DfW % 0 81 ( V
G
"
$
*
)
?
,
?
)
'
E
*
P
y
6<
B
¥
A
@
>3@B±D >m¦*<8@´°(zT]ghAoQeE8MNAh>Y=HK§
ny
°¤v@BEe<W@KH/TVH AUY3¤§ M1O];y § >3TV<8@KMBy y A 1') 1 BF & EB-f ?7* 1! ny 6>@x¥AQ8:´9;:=< YCFgfAHK: YVAD¦m<8@/HBAUMNAh<WH
vEe@KTVAUY3§ ;>TV<8@1MBy A 1') 1 B` EB-f ? * ! ny r<eY3M/WZ;>@B>Y=<8M >3>±HB§ *y
vE8mJLy <PHB§ ;@RAfE_Y´y °¤gh<eEWHKz@<eHr>3t|^]ghAQSE_MNAh>Y´y = 8 ( )! RQ( E! 0 n£+u j>¦3y& <eQPy /w^ `µ
5 zVt1txG"E_ 7Y]]§\Z;«5µ y u Z©z3@K¦Fw^Ee Mxz@R<WH{µ E8Y=O?*Qey @B<eEWHB<WH^\E^3@BAUGj<S@v>Y^VEe^V<8@$y + ; )!$ (1 "!$ "!
5u z3Fghf§(`w29; :V>WG"µ EW*H$y`3y q5Y³M}:d<vG"E8M}:d<8GjE8MNAhQWH>VtrtNgfE_M>@RADCnE_G"AH8y "! .1EE 3 8 )!$ :
" #
#
#
#
#
" "
""
" 5^z3!$gh1f'§? 9;:V 'H>`Gj B EWH$( y ?C/« E!YV>?KM1 B<6 >'YMG AU$Gv')^V >V2H$HB AU(TV2gh?"< =I.^3E"Ee( ^V2<8 @v"!8tN> BgO= AUY38Cy ( ;') £=§YV8>ªyF£5( )u a! E_@/$Q8 : 'H $ ( w2?
n` µ n@` A y
5tNMx^z3ghf§~ntN9;Mx^d:Vy>@KzG"C3EWy Y]H$yg1n>@R°¤ADCngfE_E_G"Y]E_A1@"nE8C@1@BMNAhE_QS^]g<W:VH H6EWE8QeY=QeO¢<PH/HBGj<WO>VO*z3ghE8@<8^3>3M1@B<8ADG"CLEeTVG"<8Ao@1y § sKY3M&y <8@BYV<8MBy«¦EeAfghE8TVg<³tN@B>G
5:3Mxz3M}^
ghf§"D9;Q8:V:V>EeGjHBG6EWyH$G6y <8@1@BAUqGj@REWADQSCn±E_yG"<WO*A6zE_Yd¤O Mx:3z3Cngh<e>3CFGj<e<8>3MxQP@B>AQXYVHBQeM1y>:3Y=MxG"HKMN@Kg zmEeQ8QWMNAhQe>3<PYdH/H$HB<Wy O sKY3MN<8<8^3@1YdM1<8<8GvM1y TV<8@B§ <8T^]y E8CF<
:35Mxz3M}^
ghf§ Dy Q8:V9;Ee:VHB>G6G"y G6EWH$<8y @1@BAUGjEWQS±y q5<WO*@BzAUCn E8¤GjMx:3A z3ghFGjq Ee@RMxAD:VCn<8E_GjG"E8A aMNAQeE8HM}y :dy :]M}G"g s1Y]EWM&Qe<8QW@K<eY=H$<8H/MK<ey O <8<8T ^VMN<8Gv^]TdE8<8CF@1< §
5z WAfMNE_§ zGjAfEe±nAy YVO3<8@/H1MNE8Y=OAUYC Cn<e>1G! <8 Mx@K*$J~)( M}$:3 @B1">! zCL):6!* >;@RAD')CnE_G"& AE Ah> Gj H8; y \, 8§n.Lpn(yE0* G"! MAUM}:? B <e1O]') y
10
+2!$1 E! $ "! 2?^! B 0E!(18"! @
@BAUMNAoH1:vq{@BAUCnE_G"A >VQSAh<8MxJu
ew2L£ µ y
rEeY3EWO<S§P9 y «iM}:V<e>@NJ >Vt´q5@BAUCnE_G"Ae¥>@BgOy = 7 B ( ?)+2! 7? E!(1 £u w" nµK£ y
rEWHBE8:VE8@REe§ z3YVAU:]Ah±n>?E8Y=O 9 >VHK:VAh<9 Ee±nE8:VE8G"EWy 2B- :') "!>!) .E0 "<B¥ >3@B±D
pE_^]E_Y °(zTVgfAQSE_MNAh>YdH1§ y
rEWHBE8:VE8@REe§ z3YVAU:VAf±n>]y . $ 6 j<¥ >@R±D1pEe^3E8Y5°(zT]ghA QSE_MNAh>YdHB§ y
rEWHBE8:VE8@REe§ z3YVAU:VAf±n>]y 8! > 6<B¥ >@R± &pEe^3E8Y5°(zT]ghAoQeE8MNAh>Y=HK§ y
<8@KCF>VHA<8Y3§ E_Y3Y]AhQe± y § ·y v>MN>VOE8§n9~y y zYVAhoy <8Y=OAUYCE_YdOvQ8@/<eEeHBAhYC¦AU@KMxzmEeg^VE8^=<8@$y
+ > % &' (1 )!* = ? 1( ^!$ `n§YV>]y u `ew^L` µ` *y
\E_YCF§ ;>TV<8@RMPpny «rgUT=<8@1M h>AUY=H´M}:d<~tN>3ghO]y 3415 RQ( E!$ 0 £5u
8w"£ nµN` y
\E_YCF§ ;>TV<8@RMPpnyF;') ? 1 / B 6<K¥ >3@K± >¦m<8@´°(zT]ghA QSE_MNAh>YdHB§ ny
\E_YCF§ ;>TV<8@BM\pny q @RADCnE_G"A1;Qe>Gv^]gh< AUM J+AhYVQ8@/<eEeHBAUY3C3y ! 1!. 1! RQ( E!(. §YV>dy
u ?AUY3M1<8@ 8w2 µ £my
\E_YCF§ ;>TV<8@RMPpn
y ^Ry 6<B¥ >@B±- >m¦m<8@´°(zTVgfAQ8EeMNAh>YdH1§ y
\E_YCF§ ;>TV<8@BM3pny aE8M}:V<SGvEeMNAhQeEegdEegDCF>@BAUMN:3GjHtN>3@ >@BAUCnE8GjAO<PHBAUCY(y R @ 81 @[A ?1 0 )!>*
R( E!(1 P§LYV>ªy 5u `ew2 Sµ 3y
\E_YCF§ ;>TV<8@RMPpn
y +$!$J0(1 )!*d;') 1! j<¥ >3@1±D >¦<8@(°´zTVgfAQeE8MNAh>Y=HK§ ny
#
"
#
"
" #
# #
"
#
"
#
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
\R E_YCF§ ;: >VTV"<8! @BM3pn y «l 2QW >"G{! ^3?Dz% MNE80MN Ah8>YV1 Eeg(uEegDCF>@BAhw"Mx:3G µ tN>@*y >@RADCnEeGvA¤O3<eHBADCLY(y , 0/(.0E* ! M B = `G
@
@
;<8^V>¥IHB±PJW§ ?AhgfhAfEeG;y 9;:V<~MN>MNEegE_YCLz3ghE8@;O<WtNAhQSA<8YVQJ¬>Vtd^V>g JW:=<eO*@BEy G $ ') 2 (:[; (1')
u £8w2 ` µ 3y
aEW*<e£±y EB¥Ee§3pPzY¢E_YdO zYVAU:VAf±n> rEHE_:]E_@BEy 6 ¯9 >±FJL>Q E8Y3@RAh> °(zTVghAoQeE8MNAh>Y=HK§
au EW<e±w2EB¥ Ee§PpWµ zY(y y ¦>3gUz3MNAh>Y+>Vt>@BAUCnE8GjAdG6>3O3<eghH8y R @ 87 @A )?1 0 )!)* RQ( E!(1 £P§dYV>dy
au AUz3F@1`Eew2§ ¬£>µ @JF3>]y y >gOHµMx:V<{T3EWHBAHr>]t >@BAUCnE8GjA y R @ 81 @A )?1 E !>* RQ( E!(. e§YV>dy
aHBAfGvAUJz3E gheE8EeM&±n>Ah@5§ AUY³:VM}AUYV:Vµ<{ ¦EeAh§@1Mx9z3Eey g; HK^VEWHKEezVQWOn<PyEe§ ;<y ' Qc->L±F >EA! E8? YV B O³pLµNs8Ey 9 ? >g @BA ¥1^!Ee±n)Ay!>*4« KY[>1@B AUCn=E_G"! Ar^Vgf E8JL"! AUYC
u w2 WµN` 3y
¶>Y]M}y @B>3gfh§8pL>:3Y6E8Y=O ;>TV<e@1Mpy E8Y3Cy `RQ B j<K¥ >@B±D >m¦*<8@|°(zTVghAoQeE8MNAh>Y=HK§
6< eAhEO3! <81@1! §PpKEQS±nE!>Ah<e% §d9# y a 0?&E8 ¦$JAoH E88YVy O +>Y y ?a>3Ahgf>dHB§3y q5HY3MNEE8!>@B% Ah>e«, O0 OAoHB>Y=µ ?! <WHB% gh<$ J1*2°( #z;T]gh')AHK:] AUBY3CI( Z;? >% G{ ^V1*2E8Y3JW §
*£y
"A:3MxM}HK^
:VD>3eAf±n¥~Ee¥~§~¥5«Y3y :3Y¯JW^VE_<SYd@1CnO E8GjaAoyUAhQe±>< GT~ AHBEe<SQWY3QeTV<P<8H/@1HBC3<Wy O JW<8^V^3<SMN@<e{GvE_TVG"<8@BAr§ Qe@1EWtxM1Hy y sKY3MN<8@1Yd<8M1y <8T¯^]E8CF<
{CQego>FM}§ :dvy AUY+C ·yW E_YdO K;AhQ8:V E8<@/O% &y 5' ( @B AUG)!)H/*`O= Eegh<Fy ? ( Z|2 >"Gv!$^3u z3M&<8<8^3@MKCny @KEe^3:VAhw^QW HM1<eµNQ8` :3Y]y A Fz<PH\tN>3@Gj>VO<egfhAUYC
qW{/^V(1<8 Y 8E!$i B« @/Q8K:VAUMN<W0!)Q8% Mxzd@<# ;a<0?&¦ $Ah<BJ¥ y >E_@/O>y Y KaEAf!)gh% HK§vSq5aY3BMNE8 E@BEAh>!>(1«¨G O3)O!$Ah H$>? #YVµ ;')<PHB gh<8B Ji( °(?z3TVagfBAHK :VE.AUY!>(1C Z;>Gv^VE8YJL§ y
+$°¤!Ee@B >VE! OAU §]"°¤! Ah2<8?bMNc@RL>] y E! 29;?D :VB <5Qe K>Gv^]1 gh< AUMxJv ">3! tzYV§O3YV<8>d@yHKMN5E8YVu ¶OAhE$YJ CgfAUY=<5w^On @BEB£ ¥nAUµ YCH y>]t q{@BAUCnE8GjA¤HBQe<SYV<WH$y
° <8M1<8_@/w2HBW>`nY3`§ y sR¦E_@/H$y °E_^d<8@ItN>3ghO3H§ Q8@/<eEeH/<PHE8YVO M}:V<e>@/<8G6H/y R`( E!(.3405` ` §\YV>]y¤£ u pLE8Ydy
;EeYVOgo<8M}MN§ E_G{zV<egoyF;') = 1Q B j<¥ r>@R±D ye°|y zMxM&>Y]§ y
"
""
"
"
" "
#
#
"
"
" " "
!
F> ¥r§ y zY=OE8@BEWy %F0 81 ( _ 0( :J7 ! , & XL?7* 1! <¥ >@B± >m¦m<8@5°(zTVghA QSE_MNAh>YVHB§
E8zm^Vy <S§ Mx:=<Sgoy «^]E_^V<S@¤Gj>3O3<SgmtN>@;HB>ghAOICF<e>G6<8M}@KJny G 2:') $ (7
; )(:') ]` 5u w2 Wµ
MN>Q8:VMN:V<e@1<§ QP >YVE_Y]AhQWA<eH$yg°\Gy 21V')>3 gO$<W O{( ^V;
E8 ^V<e(:')@K§= OFJW5YVE8u GjAoQCnw"<e>Gn<8µ Mx@KnJW£*§Vy EeYVO{^3@>3>3t « Mx:V@R<e<PµNMxAh<e@|Ee^3^3@R>3EeQ8:
GjAU_Mx:3w8y§epL>:3Y´y « Y>3@BAUCnE8GjA]AUY=HKMx@1zVQ8MNAh>YgfE_YCzmE8Cn<y : :.' `RQ/( 1@ / Q?&7ª`u <eQy
M}@Kznµ J±n§3m«y On@BAfE_Y´y 9;:]@R<e<5tN>3goOAUY3CvGj>VO<egoH >]t|^V>3gUJW:V<POn@BEPy G 21') 2 (:N; (:' ;` au w^
9;RD+$z3%F@B±%F§ a=v@B,<8C3y Z \ <eµx§ MNj>AhgfAUY3]C y 3yn^Vu pP>3z3g JPgUJCF>Y]Eegew2HK z@/Wtµ EQP`<Wy H$y % &' (: , E/(1.E* 1! M B
?, Ee(M}MN§©(1N«¬y gfj<E_YiB¥ E8Y= O >@Ba±8E_«¨@B± OOAHBE8>MxYdM µ =V<PHB*2gh6<8)J!°((Ez* T]=VghAoH1! :]AhY2C¬ Z;"! >G")!)^3* E_YaJWE§ !)*$ ! 3y ;.(7'H! )1 A ;'). @ )!>*
³:3MxM}zm^
§ Dep¥~>V¥~HB<8¥5^3:(y >3y @BAUCnE8GjAopLy ¦>]E8HRY=<SQe^3>: z¦<e³@$y T=z QPyH QeE >@BEWAUQeCnQPE8<eGjH/H/A <eO ^VE$C<P<8y ^3M&<8GvTdsK<8Y3@1§ MN<e@KYV<8*MByy ?<8T ^3E8C<
>VHK:VA WEB¥Ee§*«r±nAU@BEy M
G
$
E
E
1
(
7
y
9
>
1
@
B
@
_
E
d
Y
e
Q
<
j
S
<
h
A
8
E
Y
K
s
V
Y
N
M
8
<
1
@
V
Y
8
E
N
M
h
A
3
>
3
Y
e
E
g
(
°
z
]
T
h
g
A
K
H
]
:
U
A
3
Y
j
C
K
s
V
Y
Q
y
§
aE8J y
>VHK:VA WEB¥Ee§«r±nAU@BEy sKY=QPy §RpE8Y3z3E_@KJ y Geb0 + A =V! ?y "<B¥ ¬>@B±D_pWEe^3EeY"°´zTVgfAQeE8MNAh>Y=Hu ry y « w
!
" " "
"
"
"
" #
" ? [r6
¯ 'm'
pE8¦ErAHE¦*<S@NJYd<B¥¯^3@R>mCL@BE_G{GjAfY3CvghE8Y3Cz3E8CF<Mx:VE8M;H/<e<8GHM1>6TV< z3AQS±ng JjO<¦m<egh>^]AUY3CjEghE8@KCF<
Cn@R>mz^j>3t]zVH/<8@/H$y(pLE8¦E AhH\O3<eH$Q8@RAUTd<eOrTJ zYvEWH « HAUGj^]gh<e§>T h<PQ8M&µN>@BAo<8Y3M&<PO§OAHKM}@BAfT3zMN<WO*§5AUYVMN<8@1^V@B<8M1<eO§@B>3TzVH1MN§vHB<eQ8z3@R<S§
Ee@/Q8:VAUMN<WQ8Mxz@/< YV<8zMN@KEegh§^V>3@KMNE_T]gh<e§:VAUC:Vµx^=<8@/tN>@1G"E8YVQW<8§rG{zmgUMNAUMx:3@/<eEeO3<eObE8Y=O
O*JWYVE8G"AQgfE_YCLz3E8CF<Py
;<eE8@1YVAUYCMN>a^]@R>C@BE_G AUY6pPE8¦E¥¬:]Ahgo<¥¬@BAUMNAUYC¶Mx:V<j>@RADCLEeG"A;HJFHKM&<8G ¥EWHAhY3MN<8@<eHMNAUY3Cy¢9;:V<
>T o<eQ8M&µN>@BAh<8Y3M1<eO?Y3EeMxz@B<¶>3t¨MN:V<cghE8Y3CzmE8Cn<e§EWH¨¥¨<SghEWH5Mx:=<c<eg<CLEeYVQe<a>3t¨¦E8@RAo>zmH·gUEeY3Cz3E/C<
Qe>3YVHM}@KzmQ8M1H©GjEWO<AhM]¥>@1Mx:n¥r:VAfg<Py« Gj>Y3CI>Mx:=<8@|EWO*¦E8Y3MNE8CF<WHK§epE8¦E O>V<PH|YV>M\Eegh >¥¯^V>AUYVMN<8@
G"E_Y]AU^3z3ghE8MNA>Y3§E_YdO5AUY3¦AoHBAUTVg JrMNEe±n<WH\QSE_@/<>Vt´@R<ego<eEWHBAUYCIO*JWYVE8GjAhQSEeghDJLµNEegh >3QSE_M1<eO{Gj<8Gj>@KJ~¥r:V<8Y
AhMdAoH(YV>5go>Y3Cn<8@(T=<SAUY3CzHB<WOy
«²O*@BEB¥rTVEWQe±r>3tdMx:V<dpWE8¦E<8Y¦AU@R>Y]Gj<8Y3MdAH´M}:]E_M´AUMV@KzY=H\Hg>P¥g Jy >@\< E8Gv^Vgo<8§AotdMx:=<©¥AUYVO3>P¥
Qe>3Y3MNEeAUY]AUY3CvMx:=<>@BADCFE8G"A=AUY3M1<8@/tEQP<5AhH@R<PHBA W<POn§dJL>mz Q8EeY6¥rEeMNQ8:aM}:d<TzMxM&>YVHTV<eAUY3C"@<eO@BEK¥Y
" > YvMN:V<MN>3>3gUT]Ee@RH8y v>¥<8¦3<8@1§3Mx:V<rq5^V<8Y?£ OAhHB^VgUE8JO3>3<WH©YV>M tghA Qe±<8@(¥r:=<8Y"z^dOnEeMN<WO{>@
EWQWQe<PH/HB<WO*§nE8Y=O5HB>Mx:=<|Gj>]HKM=AUG{^V>3@1MNE8Y3M=<Sg<8Gj<8Y]M=>3tdMx:V<>3@BAUCnE8GjAHNJnHKM&<8G®¥I>@B±H]¥<egh y
9;:VAoHAUGj^]gh<8G<8Y3MNE8MNAh>Y6¥EWHO3>YV<zVHBAUY3C zY H©p y y ny 9;:=<{ghE8M&<PH1M¦m<8@/HBAh>Y >VtªpLE8¦EvAH
E8¦EeAfghEeTVgh< tx@/<e< >Y Mx:V< sKY3M&<8@BYV<8M tx@R>G :3M}Mx^ fE8¦FEyUHKzYdyUQe>3GT >@
:3MxM}^
De¥~¥~¥5y fE8¦EWHB>VtxMBy Qe>G y{9;:V<«~° sO>VQzGj<eY3MNE8MNAh>YE8Y=O">Mx:V<e@|zHB<Ptxz3g=O>3Q8zG6<8Y3M1HE8@R<
EegH$>5E8¦EeAhgfE_T]gh<~tx@R>G M}:V<PHB<~HBAhMN<WH$y
'm' - !_'2 - # 5# %IV d# -;4 r7
9;:=<¨« TdHKMN@REeQ8M AUYdO>F¥AUY3C{9 >3>3gh±*AhM uD« +9 wAHMx:V<^]Ee@1M>Vt|M}:V<pE8¦E« °¤sMx:VE8M O<WtNAUYd<WH¨Eegh
Cn@BE_^3:]AQeEeg zHB<8@³AUYVMN<8@tEQP<iQe>Gj^V>YV<8Y3M1H8y 9;:=<eH$<bAUYVQSgUzVO3<iT3zMxMN>Y=HB§¥AUYVO>¥AUYCF§"ghE8TV<egoHB§
tN@BE8Gj<WH§rM&< M"TV> <PHB§~¥AUYVO>¥E8@R@BE8Y3Cn<8G<8Y3M1H E_YVOkghE8JL>mzM1HK§IE8Y=O¯<¦m<8Y3M6C<8YV<8@BE8MNA>Y E_YVO
:VE8Y=OgfAUY3Cy9;:V<dpWE8¦E|« +9a¥EWHzVHB<WO5AUYjQP>Y DzYVQ8MNAh>3Y¥AUMN: ¥AUY3CjuoH/<e<r¡$«y £Sw¤EeYVO aE8CnAQSAhE8Y
uHB<W<¡B«5y /w´M&>vQ8@B<eE8M1<|M}:d< >@BADCFE8G"AHJFHKM1<8G[AUY3M1<8@/tNEeQe<y
'm' ' - #N }' . 4 # %]7
9;:=<pE8¦E V>zYdOnEeMNAh>YbZ|ghEWH$HR<PHB§~EeghHB>®±LYV>F¥rYbEWH ¥AUYCF§^]@R>*¦AoO<aE+HB<eMv>]t5@R<SEWOJLµM&>3µ&zHB<
Qe>3G{^V>YV<8YVMNH\Mx:VE8Mª< M&<8YdOMx:=<HKMNE_YVOE8@/O|pLE8¦E« 9~yr9;:=< ¥AUY3CIQW>G{^V>YV<8YVMNH\zVH/<eO{AhY"M}:]AH
AhG{^Vg<8G"<8Y3MNEeMNAh>YvAUYVQegDzO<MN>3>3gUTVE8@/HK§nT3zMxMN>Y=H]¥AUMx:vAhG{E8C*<PH\>Y5M}:V<8Gv§M1>3>gUMNAU^=HK§n@R>gh >m¦*<S@¤AhQe>YdHB§
EeY=O²^VE8YV<egH$y q5MN:V<8@aE8¦EeAhgfE_T]g< ¥AUY3C Qe>Gv^V>Yd<8Y3M1HaAUYVQegDzO<H$Q8@R>3gfUTVE8@/HB§HBghAoO3<8@/H1§rMNE8TVgo<WHK§
Qe>3G{TV>TV> <WHE8YVOMNE8T3TV<WO¨^VE8YV<WH8y
#
£
9;:VAoHrAUG"^Vgh<8G6<8Y3MNE_MNAh>Yc¥EWHrO3>YV< zHAUY3C ¥AUY3Cc¦*<8@/HBAh>Y ~<8M}E y y¢9;:V<6gUEeMN<WHKM¦<e@/HBAh>Y?>Vt
¥AhYC EeYVO AUM1H O>3Q8z3Gj<8Y3MNE8MNAh>3Y QSE_Y T=< O>¥rYVgh>EWO<PO tx@R<P< tx@B>G
:3MxM}^
D hE8¦Ey HKzY(y QW>G L^]@R>3O*zVQ8M1H" otNQ3y
.
q{^V<8Y bAHE"HR>]txMo¥E8@<{AUY3M1<8@/txEWQe<jtN>@Cn@BE8^3:VAhQWH:]E_@/OP¥E8@/<Py+9;:d<jt&zYVQ8MNA>YVH¨AhM^3@R>m¦AO<5M1>
^3@R>mCn@RE8GvGj<8@/HAUY=QSgUzVO<{Mx:V@R<e<PµNOAUG<8YdHBAh>YVEeg©CF<e>G6<8M}@BAoQ"G>3O<egfhAUY3Cn§;Qe>Y3MN@B>3ghfAUY3Ca¦Ao<K¥¬^d>3AUY3M1H
EeY=O¨^V<8@/H1^d<eQ8MNAU¦m<|^3@B> <eQ8MNAh>YdHB§E_^3^]g JLAhYCIQe>gh>z@\EeYVOM1< Mxz3@R<MN>vG">3O3<egHK§ghADCL:VMNAUYC¨H$Qe<8Y=<WH©E_YVO
G"E_Y]AU^3z3ghE8MNAhYC?^VA <SghH8y q5^V<8Y ¥EeH{zH$<eOAfYiM}:]AH{^3@R> o<eQeMM&>iQ8@/<eE8M&< M}:d< £ E_YdO OAH^VgUE8JFHAUY5Mx:=<|C@BE_^3:]AhQeEegnAfY3M&<8@/tNEeQW<Py
9;:=< ghE8M&<PHKM"¦m<8@/HBAh>Y[>Vtcq5^V<8Y AH E8¦FEeAfghEeT]gh<tN>@+tx@/<e<O>¥rYVgh>EO >Y[Mx:V<+¥5<8T tx@B>G
:3MxM}^
De¥~¥~¥5y >3^V<8YCFg y >@KC-3y >Gj<?>3Mx:V<8@+@R<PHB>z@/Qe<WH³tN>@ O<8¦m<Sg>^V<8@BH QSE_Y TV<tN>mzY=OkE_M
:3MxM}^
DLMN@KEeY3M1yUHKCnAy Qe>G F>^V<8YCFg3y
'%d#N2n#N' . , (-/. !B0R'32 .
9;:=< aE8CnAhQeAfE_Y"AUY3M&<8@/tEQP<AHE8YjAUG{^Vg<8G"<8Y3MNE_MNAo>Yj>Vt(q ^=<8Y tN>@3pE8¦EPy aE8CnAQeAfE_Y"AUY3M1<8C@BE_MN<WH
txz3YVQ8MNA>Y]EeghAUM J tx@B>GTV>M}:³pE8¦E E8Y=O®qv^V<8Y M&>®^3@R>m¦AO<³^V>P¥I<8@/txz3g @/<8YVO3<8@BAUY3C>m¦m<8@E
¦Ee@BA<8M Jl>Vt³^]ghE8M1tN>@1G6HB§6zVHBAUYC < AHKMNAUY3C q5^V<8Y gfAUT3@BE_@BA<PH$y cE8CnAQeAfE_Y ^3@/<eH/<8@K¦*<PHbMx:V<
^V>@BM}EeT]AhgfAUMJ >Vt]TV>M}:pE8¦EE_YVO5q5^d<8Y y
pE8¦E+O>3<PHvYV>M5:]E8¦*<cTzmAfgUM1µNAUY HKz^3^V>@1MvtN>3@vMx:3@/<e<eµ1OAUGj<8YdHBA>Y3EegrO*@REB¥AUY3Cn§ E8YVOiEWH6>]t5M}:]AH
¥@BAUMNAUY3Cn§E5@<SghAfE_T]gh<5¦m<8@/HBAh>Y³>VtdpE8¦EW£ AHYV>M~E8¦EeAhg E8TVgo<Py?9;:zVH ¶E8CnAhQSAhE8Y¥EWH5Q8:V>]HR<8Y³MN>
"
£
AhG{^Vg<8G"<8Y3M;Mx:V< E8Y=Oc£ Gj>3O3<egfhAUYCE8YVOaOn@BEB¥AUYC·t&zmYVQ8MNAh>YdH~@B< FzmAf@R<WO·TJjMx:V<I>@BAUCLEeG"A
AhY3M1<8@/tEQe<Fy9;:d<¦AU@1Mxz3Eeg(Mx@BEQS±LT]Eegh¤t&zY=Q8MNAh>Y]EeghAUM J>3tMx:V<5>3@BAUCEeGjA¤HRJFHKM&<8G ¥EWH¨AUGv^Vgo<8Gj<8YVMN<WO
<8YVMNAU@B<egDJMx:VE8YV±H(MN>MN:V<;Mx@BEWQe±TVEegfzMNAfghAUMxJ~^3@R>m¦AO<WO¨T3J aE8CFAhQSAhE8Y(y
9;:=<"gfE_MN<WHKM¦m<8@/HBAh>Y>Vt aE8CnAQSAhE8YE8YVO³AhMNHvO>VQ8zGj<8Y3MNE_MNAo>YQ8E8Y?T=<ctN>zYVO?>Y?Mx:V<5¥I<8T¢E_M
:3MxM}^
De¥~¥~¥5y Ee@BQeE8YVEPy Qe>]y z3±^3@R>]O*zQ8MNH2GjE8CnAhQeAfEeY3y sKMiAH Q8z@K@/<8Y3MNg J E8¦EeAfghE8TVgo< t1>@[tx@B<W<
O3>¥rY]gh>3EeO tN>@^V<8@HB>Y]Eeg;E8Y=O YV>YVµ1Qe>GvG6<8@RQSAhEeg\zVH/<8§;>@vt1>@5E"YV>GjAUY]Eeg;gfAQe<8Y=HAUY3C tN<W<6tN>@
>Mx:=<8@´zHB<WHy
"
£
"
i A
!#"$ %&'( )) *B+,.*+) */ 01 2%
33 4651 2%
7 /"& 212% % 3
?) /089) *:#*+; ) "12 % )< ="&-A@ :#1=-+>
)) :#9!B ) / ) *+ 2
) :#"19CD!8B*:#*!E,>,@
FF:4"181+81
G68$ "7 :/<*51,1I&1' " 1%H
FF:4""1;!581J:#C "13 "&:4:#1+1L ,9K M*N&N
F";1M81O14/"1:*"
<*
FFPP66*R89,Q- 4S*9,&,%N (&(&
FFOH*; 898E=:#*-*T!L ;#=-,1I
FO9T ? <RU# ? =-,
C
11*+!V &+WS;O9F*#XO$590"11+HP 2%
1! : 3 ":#$,.D
11 303
9S :Y&O!#"9+ K
11"& O ? ) :#T0F?:#/F #7!5;(&F*"E+9A
>I
**&&[FZ " 3 O90!#"9+\
**Y&Y&O1O1::1#A !:4*9+F= -&- =-I
E
33 !5 ) *+2%
33 :!:!*81 3 "&Z :! ) :#* ]&@
":!F:!"+; 7 2N
F*3 ":!WG8991^M' O1 3 "&:4'
J9"/O119_!`U9' A1MP(
""89O9a/6[ 7 `U1M*K A1M*'
89 *)1S) :#/9T0MbH**11M*KM*
U?Y&*O9:!*<*6 51)(9"MbH ) 1M
33 ":!G9^O1 3 "&:41L
33 "":!:!W"&^U19=*!1 @&@ "U10c-d "1"&O9
.`ef::#"&:4"&O9O1hgi51*2"1;
3 "% K ) 2%& 2& 2(
F
£n£
00G813 S5;!59,"1>< ,Z 1M
95k "H<:489j5AlGR
1 j&8OE:#=-A@
E96#1 3R*F*U1&m% +=-Z 1M'
I
n JU d "&O11*!/"ae.:#P+AA
n UM*%%bNoJ1M*NHP1M%1M
77 #K );#=-&-A@
# *+ 2%
:#9_E0 ? +N
L
p M`#F91) M*NH 1M*%Nb1M %1M
Jprq gfsS"1"&7 : < *Z @ (&'
J"1M&&MO :4t"
2$H%H JJ""OEU9! 3 F*3 ":#1\1u L'b2
J"UvU1!*C&\u
99/CO90U`#: :4? :# *O1S= -A2 ]
9"$T81:#1*tmO9 3 *F &2
N
"")9OT F) O$T0"E0"/9J!"&O9M2K (%
" 898$J l =7 1=M - N\bH*1'&M* %&N&1M*%1M
"1"1 /b # "> J4< % "1 b:#9f ,1Z 8159 ]>
; ? "E:#1&N
"O96#[U1*+=-*L
9889P89: 3 "3 ":!:!t- ub=-%$\&M '%
81815951<"9/F 3 :"&/<P:#T1) *+ 12 K&EM
8181:#:#11**$$008181595;!%59H "1<*%H
8989"":/:/<<*51"1`:J&"1`:# (
8989T0T0FF**+6*+ 2&] 1LE-A'%
8981O::#81;891t< "&O93 "&!c:#1-=, -+>
81O965W5$**u
R)1) #T0=-+>'b
? O:#&=89*"&+:#<Z "1%1M
89U**+u 3 ":#E'% ' &1M*NN
""1:4"&U1=*=- I F"9Z&Z&'(
;;88:!:! 33 "&"&:4:4E1+11L1M*- N&N
Y&Y&O9O9**66515 t3 -"&u :41'M% N 2
AA!S:/#O *S) G*8$"(E:/<*H*5$uP1, "9%H
? 9M*%&N
< FO9) S"&T: ? <_U# ? 1M2
**&Y&O1[:F" 3 :4 * +O910M&M!#"9+K
*3 "Y&:!O1G:19^#A!O1 93 F"& :41M' N
3 ":!W"&U1=1"U10$MM
59J"":4jO1951!*9R' j8O1:#1M
989*C&:#
U/ 1? *S:#< S3 "&:#111M*M*%
8181OO9:58159890t"&H O9!9M2
"189*1M*H N
U?!O9*:!;F<*5;!51!(R5189#i6818"Et"&U1K *1M2
CT<_:#91M*%
!5$F#F517 11#FP+:+ 3 "&21:#H*%N,1Z
!5$"E"*: )T) O9ZSZ "J"O9+(&
"E":4#!!8$#"u `@ :#0JAb
g_#+F
7 ^0 $M :49MM
! ?O$"1
T ) !51O$R89"81J*c"&"&OEU+=(b-A ,
T
S
£`
O1O91+*/= 219H 3 F*1MN%&1M*NH M%N
U
UU#V:/4O1<:13 "&0:!F 7&Z&) 'b:42 '&(
?? F5
) !"51 #i)681) "1A\t-A@&1M*
W
C&T0<R:#$*=-+]
X
"9651B ? bs 7 /0 &2
Y
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz