US History SOL Review # 3
SOL: VUS.8/9a
Review: From Industrial Growth to Imperialism
Westward movement (VUS.8a)
• After Civil War, many moved west. Why? Homestead Act (1862) gave free Land; new technology
like railroad and mechanical reaper made it easier; Southerners and African Americans were
looking for Opportunities after Civil War; Cowboys drove cattle over the open Range
• Impact on American Indians? Loss of Land
• Impact on US? New States in the area between the Mississippi River and Pacific Ocean
•
•
Immigrants flock to America
New Immigrants (1871 – 1921)
Old Immigrants (pre-1871)
 Northern and Western Europe
 Southern & Eastern Europe & Asia
• Seeking Freedom and Better lives for their Families
• Arrived at Ellis Island, moved to ethnic neighborhoods (like Little Italy) but soon began to
assimilate into the “Melting Pot” by learning English, becoming citizens and going to public
schools
Contributed to Industrial growth by working for Low pay and in hazardous working conditions:
Chinese built railroads; Slavs, Italians worked in coal mines; others in textile and steel mills & the
clothing industry in NYC
Native-born citizens resented immigrants due to religious and cultural differences and willingness to
work for Low pay and passed laws to Limit Immigration like the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and
the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921
Growth of Cities
• Cities like New York, Chicago, and Pittsburgh were centers for manufacturing and transportation;
provided jobs in factories but also full of tenements and slums
• Needed sewage and water systems & public transportation like subway (NYC) and streetcars (NN)
Technological Change (VUS.8b) = cheap Labor + government policies + natural resources
Clue
Invention (Inventor)
Clue
Invention (Inventor)
Bessemer process
Airplane (Wright Brothers)
Lightbulb & electricity as a source
of Light and power (Thomas
Edison)
Telephone (Alexander G. Bell)
Corporations, have Limited
liability
Clue
J. Mitchell
Businessman (Industry)
Assembly Line (Henry Ford)
Clue
Businessman (Industry)
Andrew Carnegie (Steel)
Cornelius Vanderbilt (Railroads)
John D. Rockefeller (Oil)
JP Morgan (Finance)
4/29/2013
US History SOL Review # 3
SOL: VUS.8/9a
Discrimination and segregation against African Americans & Responses (VUS.8c)
• Jim Crow laws limited African American
freedoms in the South and crimes like
Lynching were directed against them, so
WEB Du
they looked to the courts for help; but in
Ida
B.
Wells
Bois
Plessy v. Ferguson, the court ruled in favor
of “separate but equal”, so many began
(political
(Anti to move to the North in the “Great
equality;
Lynching
Migration”.
formed
The Progressive Movement (VUS.8d)
used government to reform problems
created by industrialization; led by
Theodore Roosevelt (Square Deal) &
Woodrow Wilson (New Freedom)
campaign)
NAACP)
Booker T.
Washington
(vocational
education &
Economic
Success
Causes of the Progressive Movement = income disparity (gap) + bad working conditions
Goals of
Progressive
Movement
Government
controlled by
People
Guaranteed
economic
opportunity
through
government
regulation
Elimination of
social injustice
Accomplishments of Progressive Movement
Referendum, Initiative, Recall, Secret Ballot, Direct Election of Senators (17th
Amendment) Women’s Suffrage (19th Amendment)
Child labor laws; Labor Unions (Knights of Labor; American Federation of Labor;
American Railway Union, International Garment Workers Union) Strikes (Haymarket
Square, Homestead & Pullman)
Limited work hours & regulated working conditions; Sherman & Clayton Anti-Trust
Laws
Women encouraged to enter workplace during World War I
Creation of International Markets (VUS.9a) = need for Materials & Markets



Asia and the Pacific
U.S. deposed Hawaiian monarchy and annexed
Hawaii
US annexed the Philippines after the SpanishAmerican War
Open Door Policy:
 Proposed by Sec. of State J. Hay
 Gave all nations equal trade rights in China
 Urged all foreigners in China to obey
Chinese law, observe fair competition
J. Mitchell



Latin America
Spanish American War – US
o annexed Puerto Rico
o asserted the right to intervene in Cuban
affairs.
US (Theodore Roosevelt) encouraged
Panama’s independence from Colombia &
negotiated a treaty to build the Panama Canal.
Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft urged
Americans to invest in Latin America &
promised that the US would protect their
investments.
4/29/2013