ECW
English Civil War: 1642-165
MIRANDA BANNISTER
ALEX KARPF
CHAIR
MODERATOR
HoMMUNC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Letter from the Secretaries-General
3
Letter from the Chair
4
Committee Background
5
Topic A: The English Civil War
7
Overview of the Topic
7
History
7
Current Situation
12
Possible Solutions
15
Character Profiles
16
Questions to Consider
23
Endnotes
24
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LETTER FROM THE SECRETARIES-GENERAL
HoMMUNC
Erica Cantor
Alexander O’Neill
Daniel Rosenblatt
Secretaries-General
Miranda Bannister
Chair of the Board
Anne Rosenblatt
Vice-Chair of the Board
Daria Balaeskoul
Stephanie Fernandez
Edith Herwitz
Anne Kuritzkes
Russell Mindich
Adam Shaw
Senior Board
Daniel Frackman
Maya Klaris
Anaya Kumar-Banerjee
Noah Shapiro
Under-SecretariesGeneral
Zachary Gaynor
Alexander Karpf
Dahlia Krutkovich
Isabella Muti
Henry Shapiro
Conference
Coordinators
Alex Lein
Max Kester
Spencer Slagowitz
Senior Crisis Staff
Mitchell Francis
Faculty Advisor
DEAR DELEGATES,
Welcome to Horace Mann’s 30th annual Model United Nations
conference, HoMMUNC 30! Since 1985, HoMMUNC has
engaged the future leaders of the world in a day full of
learning, debate, and compromise. The conference brings
together intellectually curious high school students to
contemplate and discuss serious global concerns. We are
honored to have inherited the responsibility of preparing this
event for the over 1000 students that will participate in
HoMMUNC 30.
Regardless of your age or experience in Model UN, we
challenge you to remain engaged in the discourse of your
committees and truly involve yourself in the negotiation
process. Each committee is comprised of an eclectic group of
delegates and will address an important global concern. Take
this opportunity to delve deep into that problem: educate
yourself, think innovatively to create the best solutions, and
lead the committee to a resolution that could better the world.
Through the platform of Model UN, you will have the chance
to gain invaluable skills in leadership, public speaking, and
writing and will become a more globally-aware person. As a
bonus, you will meet like-minded students from around the
area and create lasting friendships.
Horace Mann Model United Nations has played an immense
role in our lives over the past three years, and it has been our
pleasure to organize HoMMUNC 30 along with a dedicated
senior and junior staff over the past 6 months. We hope you
have a fun and enriching experience at the conference.
Best,
ERICA CANTOR, ALEXANDER O’NEILL, AND DANIEL ROSENBLATT
Secretaries-General
HoMMUNC 30
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LETTER FROM THE CHAIR
HoMMUNC
Erica Cantor
Alexander O’Neill
Daniel Rosenblatt
Secretaries-General
Miranda Bannister
Chair of the Board
Anne Rosenblatt
Vice-Chair of the Board
Daria Balaeskoul
Stephanie Fernandez
Edith Herwitz
Anne Kuritzkes
Russell Mindich
Adam Shaw
Senior Board
Daniel Frackman
Maya Klaris
Anaya Kumar-Banerjee
Noah Shapiro
Under-Secertaries
General
Zachary Gaynor
Alexander Karpf
Dahlia Krutkovich
Isabella Muti
Henry Shapiro
Conference
Coordinators
Alex Lein
Max Kester
Spencer Slagowitz
Senior Crisis Staff
Mitchell Francis
Faculty Advisor
DEAR DELEGATES,
It is a pleasure to be your chair at Horace Mann’s thirtieth
annual Model UN Conference. This year marks my fifth and
last HoMMUNC, so I look forward to a memorable experience
in the the English Civil War Committee. Having done crisis
committees for most of my Model UN career, I have found
historical simulations to be particularly fascinating. With any
luck, our committee will send us back to one of the most
exciting time periods in modern European history.
The English Civil War promises to offer great crises and rich
debates. It was a complex conflict, which welled from the
intersection of myriad religious and political tensions. So, we
will endeavor to make every crisis you encounter convey the
enthralling realities of the time. Consequently, I hope to hear
each and every one of you probing the matters at hand and
coming up with a fresh way to present your character’s deeper
motivations and your own smart ways of attacking the agenda.
My tips for making the most of HoMMUNC are to read into
the history of the English Civil War and to find a passion for
the material. Get a firm grasp on the timeline of the Civil War,
the major players, and the themes that appear over and over
again.
For example, you should understand the role of
Puritanism in politics throughout the war. Beyond that initial
research, examine interesting articles.
Enter committee
genuinely fascinated with the material.
Thanks so much! I look forward to meeting you.
MIRANDA BANNISTER
Chair, English Civil War
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C O M M I T T E E
BACKGROUND
government structure over the island. Hence as members of the Long Parliament, delegates will work to beat back the forces of the King and his supporters and engage This committee will simulate a in diplomacy in order to win the civil war. council of important members of England’s In addition, delegates must maintain Long Parliament, the elected body of one of s t a b i l i t y i n l a n d s c o n t r o l l e d b y the two major factions during England’s Parliamentarian forces and device a secure, civil war, from 1642-­‐1651. The Long Republican Governmental structure. Parliament’s assembly in 1640 by King Delegates should not expect the Charles I of England ultimately began a Committee to follow the exact events of the period of tension and conIlict with the King England’s Civil War, and further research that resulted in the Parliament’s political into the War’s events will not yield helpful separation from Charles I. At the beginning in the committee’s procedure. Instead, the point of time of this committee, the Long War will unfold in a manner directly Parliament, in direct deIiance of the inIluenced and dictated by the committee. monarchy, is attempting to wrest singular Hence any further research by individual control over England and assert its own d e l e g a t e s s h o u l d a s s e s s h o w t h e Parliament can effectively use the powers and tools in its arsenal to regain control over England. Delegates will decide on actions for the entire committee through directives. Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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These actions must win simply a majority of the committee’s vote and can be introduced by any member. Directives can do whatever the committee has the ability and resources to do. They also need not be formatted in a strict manner. In addition, i n d i v i d u a l d e l e g a t e s c a n s u b m i t communiqués, individual actions based on the portfolio powers and personal resources of each delegate. These actions can be either conIidential or public, and can perform whatever action an individual delegate has the power to execute. They must be submitted to the Chair of the committee and then will be processed by HoMMUNC’s Crisis Staff. Ultimately, we encourage delegates to be as creative as possible in generating both solutions to problems faced by the entire committee and cunning communiqués. Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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TOPIC A: THE ENGLISH
CIVIL WAR
Overview of the Topic
The English Civil War, simply put,
represented a conflict between England’s
royal monarch, King Charles I and its
Parliament.
Charles’ perceived support of
Catholics caused many Englishmen, including
Parliament, to fear that their king wished to
restore Catholicism as England’s state
religion.
A Portrait of King Charles I of England
decide the structure of England’s government
and the fate of King Charles I.
Moreover, Charles’ attempts to
consolidate power for himself and act without
History
permission from elected officials led to an
Charles first ascended to the
intractable, violent conflict between him and
monarchy in 1625. As his rule progressed,
Parliament. Charles I has gathered his own
King Charles I came to be seen as
forces in the Northern portion of England,
increasingly sympathetic toward Catholics
P a r l i a m e n t a r i a n s , l e d b y E n g l a n d ’s
and Catholic causes.
Parliament, have consolidated power in
Henrietta Maria, the daughter of a French
London. The resolution of this Civil War will
king, whose Catholic faith upset many
He first married
political members of England.
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To alleviate
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worries of his sympathy to Catholics, he
P a r l i a m e n t w h e n h e n e e d e d i t s decided to send a military force to support the
consultation, or could choose to ignore it. French Huguenots, a group of Protestant
Though the king’s incentive to call French citizens whom the French military had
Parliament was the body’s ability to accept begun to besiege.1
However, Charles
appointment of the unsuccessful but personal
favorite Duke of Buckingham, George
Villiers, to head the force angered parliament.
The move caused Parliament to attempt to
or veto tax and custom increases. Without Parliament’s support, a king lacked the ability to manage or run his kingdom. As a result, kings had a Iinancial, not legal, incentive to convoke Parliament and allow impeach Villiers as the leader of this force,
and in retaliation Charles dissolved
Parliament in 1629, 12 years before the start
of this committee, and called for the election
of another.
Charles accepted the new
parliament’s “Petition of Right”, which
limited his ability to enforce the mandatory
quartering of soldiers and endless taxation,
but then chose not to call Parliament again.2
Unlike legislatures of the 21 st century, the Parliament of England did meet in an annual or regular schedule. Instead, a king could choose to call Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
A Portrait of the Impeachment of George Villiers,
Duke of Buckingham
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members of the gentry, or aristocracy of angered inhabitants of these regions.4 He England, to elect the House of Commons.3 also Iined all aristocrats who failed to Charles chose not to call his appear at an archaic knighting ritual, and parliament for eleven years, in a period this decision caused many nobles to that became known as the Charles’ become less supportive of Charles. The Personal Rule. Without Parliament’s king further seized land traditionally support, Charles resorted to shrewd yet owned by the Church of England and sold it unreasonable means of acquiring revenue for his own proIit.5 for the crown. He required inland regions Charles and his main political of England to pay taxes to Iinance the advisory, William Laud, also attempted to nation’s Navy, or a ship tax, a policy that instill uniformity in England’s courts. During his reign the Anglican Church reverted back to some Catholic practices, such as using altars instead of communion tables. He also persecuted disobedient Puritans, a moved perceived by many Protestants with the purpose to minimize Protestants’ power. He also changed traditional protestant rules regarding the ban on activity on Sundays.6 Most signiIicantly, in 1637 Charles attempted to impose the Book of Common Prayer, an English prayer book, on the independent Assessments of Ship Taxes across England, 1636
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Church of Scotland. Scottish people revolted and rioted not only in Scotland but also in London. When diplomatic summits between supporters and opponents of this new church policy failed, Charles raised an army to take control of Scotland. The Iirst Bishops’ War, in which England’s armies attempted to invade Scotland, followed.7 An Illustration of Scottish Riots
summon Parliament in order to raise After negotiating a temporary truce revenues, through means other than unfair with Scotland, Charles reluctantly recalled taxation, to Iight back Scottish rebels. Parliament in order to raise money for Parliament, due to Charles’ previous another invasion of the region. However, disregard for the body, immediately Parliament, led by John Pym not only became hostile toward Charles. It Iirst prevented him from obtaining additional impeached and jailed Laud, Charles’ revenues but agreed to entirely block his premier religious advisor, and other campaign to reclaim Scotland. Hence members of his cabinet. Parliament then Charles disbanded the parliament and proceeded over a major trial of Thomas illegally invaded Scotland. This time, with Wentworth, the Earl of Stratford and the insufIicient personnel and equipment, the Lord Deputy of Ireland at the time, for monarch’s forces were soundly defeated, conspiring to murder the Irish people. and the Scottish army managed to gain Wentworth was subsequently executed.9 hold of substantial territory in Northern This Parliament, which later became England.8 Once again Charles chose to known as the Long Parliament due to its Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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lengthy duration, then moved to drastically against Scottish rebels. However, a failed limit the powers of the king. Its members coup performed by opponents to Charles’ abolished the unpopular forms of taxes religious policies in Scotland diminished Charles I had instituted and then passed Parliament’s conIidence in him and created the Triennial Act, a document that required animosity between the two. Charles still the king to call Parliament to meet at once disdained parliament for passing large every three years. If the king refused to do restrictions on his power, yet Parliament so, Parliament then held the right to meet still feared Charles and his believed desire independently. Finally, Parliament outlined to reinstate Catholicism as England’s state all forms of legal taxes in the Tonnage and religion.11 Poundage Act and chose to fund the quartering of soldiers.10 Then, fearing a military insurgency from England to reinforce Protestantism, Irish Catholic nobles, joined by Irish peasants, led a revolt in Ireland against England. Phelim O’Neill, a member of the Irish gentry who had taken control of the city of Newry, forged a letter that claimed Charles had promised full support of the new Catholic government. This letter, although false, generated off rumors and The Long Parliament
Charles at Iirst reached a truce with fears that Charles intended to reinstitute Catholicism in England.12 Parliament, due to his military success Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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Charles failures to control his experienced the ire of Parliament, who felt k i n g d o m s b r o u g h t c r i t i c i s m f r o m Charles had done too much to assert his Parliament, and in November 1641 it singular. This incident ultimately served as outlined a Grand Remonstrance, citing 150 the breaking point in Charles’ relationship speciIic grievances against the king. with Parliament and began the English Parliament then tried to gain control over Civil War.14 the ability to appoint ofIicers in England’s army. Charles vetoed this piece of legislation in order to increase stability in Current Situation
After failing to arrest leading the region.13 members of the Long Parliament, Charles I Charles ultimately concluded that Iled north, to the city of Oxford. Along with Scotland’s rebellion and strong antagonism his supporters, Charles I has now created toward him in Parliament had stemmed his own government and own court in that from a faction of Puritans in Parliament city. The Royalist faction, headed by who resisted his rule and England’s shift Charles I, still garners substantial support away from Puritan ideals. Charles hence from much of the English populace. For attempted to arrest Iive members of one, many English citizens still trust the Parliament whom he believed had led Stuart royal family, of which Charles I is a these machinations for treason. He chose member, because that royalty up to this to enter the House of Commons, despite point has managed to maintain England’s that English law strictly forbid this move. political autonomy and stability. Although Charles failed to catch these addition, many English citizens grow politicians, who had already Iled, he still i n c r e a s i n g l y f e a r f u l o f e x t r e m e Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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Protestantism and the potential of the of now, King Charles controls lands in the Church of England to become more similar Northern neck of England and in Wales, t o m o r e ra d i c a l f a i t h s , p r i m a r i ly a l o n g w i t h t h e t i p o f C o r n w a l l . Puritanism. Hence many ordinary English Parliamentarians, on the other hand, peasants have chosen to support the king.15 control Southern and Southwestern In August of 1642 (just a few weeks England, including London, where they before the start of this committee), King have concentrated their army.16 Charles I ofIicially raised his royal However, Charles I has used the standard, or the banners of his Royal army, obsolete Commission of Array, an archaic in the city of Nottingham, North of England. power of English royalty to force freefolk to join the army, to muster this forces. Some Englishmen have hence grown somewhat skeptical of the King’s authority, as this power dates back to the Middle Ages, during which nobility would gather forces to protect pieces of local territory. Charles’ action is also blatantly unconstitutional, as Charles I Raising the Royal Standard, 1642
The majority of the soldiers who have joined Charles I so far are cavalrymen, accompanied by a few infantrymen. However, the armies of King Charles I grow larger every day as more individuals join he did not seek to consult Parliament in creating this army.17 Similarly, Parliament has recently passed the Militia Ordinance, a piece of legislation that permits Parliament, without consulting the monarch, to choose his cause and vow to support the King. As Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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Lieutenants from the English army. forces. The majority of the soldiers Parliament has used this bill to attempt to recruited so far for the Parliamentarians form and strengthen its own army.18 are ordinary members of England’s middle The Royalist forces of Charles I also class, who lack the experience of their hold numerous important military assets peers. As a result, the armies of the forces that the Royalists lack. Many notable Iighting against the power of the Long Noblemen, the strongest and most Parliament can be expected to be much experienced soldiers in England, have stronger than those raised by Parliament. chosen to side with the Royalist cause. For Hence the committee should expect the example, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, an initial military superiority of their elite member of the nobility of the Holy opponents and also work to improve its Roman Empire who has fought previously own military force. In addition, Parliament in the Eighty Years’ War and the Thirty has begun to recruit mercenaries, largely Years’ war, has been appointed as the commander of the Royalists’ cavalry.19 As of now, the Royalist forces also control the royal navy. These ships may act as a huge boost to the Iighting power of Charles’ forces and assert the King’s dominance in the seas.20 England’s Fearsome Royal Navy
On the other hand, the armies of the from Germany and Switzerland, to aid in Parliamentarians lack the organization and the war against the Royalty. However, professional nature of their opponents’ these soldiers are expensive and cause Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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unrest among native Englishmen, who armies, so that it might stand a chance distrust these foreigners. 21 against the Royalist cause. Doing so must involve convincing the English people of Possible Solutions
At the time of the beginning of this committee, King Charles I has chosen to the validity of the Parliamentarian cause a n d t h e n e c e s s i t y t o j o i n t h e Parliamentarian army. march his armies Southwest, toward the Defeating the armies of King Charles cities of Stafford and Shrewsbury. Hence I will require not just a large Iighting force, the Iirst and most immediate concern of but also honed and speciIic battle tactics. this committee is how to halt Charles’ Vague orders to soldiers will do little to march, retain Parliamentarian lands, and direct those soldiers in their continuous then make progress against the King. battles against Charles I and ultimately win However, the Committee must also more lands. Hence the Long Parliament formulate how to increase the size of its must successfully yet scrupulously divide and guide its armies in order to ensure victory. Delegates thus must formulate the battle strategies necessary to win the war. In addition, the Committee should seek to win the support from important English cities and factions. Much of England, at this early point in the war, still remains neutral in the conIlict between March of the armies of King Charles I, 1642
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with certain English towns would a l t e r n a t e s y s t e m o f R e p u b l i c a n s u b s t a n t i a l l y s t r e n g t h e n t h e government. As the committee progresses, Parliamentarian cause. The Committee delegates will design this new government should also engage in support with and ensure its strength. Delegates should Scottish, Irish, and other European leaders. b ra i n s to r m a d e s i ra b l e sys te m o f These negotiations could yield vital aid for government and also who might act as its Parliament armies, in the form of both leader. manpower and equipment. Much of the Committee’s activities Character Profiles
will inevitably involve attempting to manage England’s various domestic issues. impersonate an important member of Thus members of the Long Parliament Parliament in 1642. Each member will be must and will work together to solve able to utilize his or her own personal and various diplomatic crises within England. political connections to advance his or her For example, the concentration of soldiers own agenda. In other words, through the might bring disease to Parliamentarian sending of private crisis notes, each forces, and the pillaging of crops may cause member of committee can employ their famine among the peasant class. The Long resources to do whatever he or she wishes Parliament will be responsible in to do, whether that be beneIit the responding to these events. committee or harm it. Brief biographies of Finally, the Long Parliament must replace England’s monarchy, a system in Each member of this Committee will each member of committee are provided below.22 place for hundreds of years, with an Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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Oliver Cromwell: Although Cromwell was start of the Civil War signaled little of the born as a member of the gentry, in 1631 he possibility of his contribution to the sold his properties in his hometown of conIlict. Huntingdon, signifying is step down in society. Cromwell was elected to Simonds d’Ewes: d’Ewes became a certiIied Parliament for Huntingdon in 1628, and in lawyer in 1623, though the man was much 1640 as a representative of Cambridge. In more interested in antique books and texts. the House of Commons Cromwell joined a IN 1639 d’Ewes was actually chosen Iirst as group of politicians that attempted to the High Sheriff of Suffolk, the leader of modestly extend the power of Parliament England’s law enforcement. He was and improve religious freedom. However, elected to Parliament in 1640, representing Cromwell’s accomplishments before the Sudbury. d’Ewes, although having sided with the Parliamentarians, holds moderate views. In fact, his younger brother currently serves as an ofIicer in the army of the Charles I. John Hampden: Hampden Iirst gained fame in 1637, when he refused to pay ship taxes and subsequently was tried in court for his disobedience. Although he narrowly lost his case, his iconoclasm galvanized support for the Parliamentarian movement. Portrait of Oliver Cromwell
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Hampden was Iirst elected in 1621 and Arthur Haselrig: Haselrig was elected to t h e n r e e l e c t e d i n 1 6 4 1 f o r Parliament only shortly before the Buckinghamshire. Hampden led the beginning of the war, in 1640, as a movement to refuse funding for Charles’ representative of Leicestershire. He was war against Scotland in the Short also heavily active in Parliament’s Parliament of 1640. He supported the prosecution of various aides of the King i m p e a c h m e n t h e a r i n g s o f T h o m a s and constituted one of the Iive politicians Wentworth and the Grand Remonstrance, whom Charles I failed to arrest. He is also and was one of the Iive politicians whom experienced in raising troops for various Charles I attempted to arrest. military causes, which will be beneIicial for Parliament. Sir Robert Harley: Harley has probably held the longest political career of all Denzel Holles: Holles entered Parliament members of Parliament. He Iirst as a representative of a Cornish town in represented Radnor in 1604 and later 1628. Holles’ disobedience of the Speaker Herefordshire in 1624. His assistance of of Parliament actually caused him to be Sir Edward Conway, a Secretary of State, imprisoned and subsequently exiled from caused his appointment to Master of the politics. After this ban was lifted, Holles Mint until 1635. As a member of the long returned as a representative from Parliament, he opposed ship taxes and the Dorchester. He oversaw the trial of William war against Scotland. Harley also was a Laud and in fact authored the Great pious Protestant who fervently rejected Remonstrance with John Pym. Holles was Catholic and Arminian doctrines. Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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also one of the Iive politicians whom Charles I attempted to arrest. William Lenthall: Lenthall entered Parliament in 1640 as a representative of Woodstock. In fact, Lenthall was chosen by Charles I to serve as Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1640. At Iirst, Lenthall’s sheepish nature prevented him from controlling feisty members of Pa r l i a m e n t , p a r t i c u l a r ly t h o s e i n opposition to the King. However, Lenthall bravely refused to divulge the location of the Iive members of Parliament whom Charles I attempted to arrest. As Speaker, Lenthall will serve an integral role in the William Lenthall
also involved with politics outside of London, serving as the High Sheriff of Bedfordshire, his native town, in 1617. Luke was subsequently reelected to Parliament in 1640. Committee. Samuel Luke: Luke spent much of his youth Sir Oliver Luke: Sir Oliver Iirst entered Parliament in 1614, as a representative in Bedfordshire, and remained in that position until 1629, at which point King Charles I disbanded Parliament. He was Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
travelling abroad, and is thus familiar with the lands outside England. He was elected t o P a r l i a m e n t r e c e n t l y, i n 1 6 4 0 , representing Bedford. He has recently become the governor of the Parliamentary !19
outpost in Buckinghamshire, thus serving force against the French military. He also as a useful sentry for Parliament. His headed the hearings for treason against military knowledge will be vital in the William Laud, and was one of the Iive Committee. politicians whom Charles I attempted to arrest. John Pym’s numerous connections Dudley North, 4th Barron North: North is an throughout Parliament will certainly aid experienced soldier, as before his military him in his personal activities. career, he fought in the army of the German state of Palatinate during the Thirty Years’ war and then in the army of Holland. He has also traveled around Europe, including to Spain and Italy. He was elected in 1628 to Parliament for Horsham and reelected in 1 6 4 0 . N o r t h i s a n i n t e l l e c t u a l , knowledgeable about religion and economics. John Pym: Pym has served in England’s John Pym
Parliament since 1625 and has acted a prominent critic of the king throughout his Sir Benjamin Rudyerd: Rudyerd Iirst tenure as a politician. He headed the entered Parliament in 1621, as a movement in 1626 to impeach George representative of Portsmouth, and was Villiers as the head of Charles’ military subsequently reelected until 1629. Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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Although Rudyerd acted as a strong ally to counseled John Hampden when Hampden the King at Iirst, he gradually became more refused to pay ship taxes. He joined critical and disapproving of Charles. Parliament as a representative of Totnes in Although Rudyerd took a conciliatory 1640 and has acted as both a Iirm stance at Parliament’s Iirst convocation in opponent to ship taxes and supporter of 1640, he became more strident at its next the impeachment of Thomas Wentworth. gatherin later in the year. He is also active Sir Oliver is a trained judge and lawyer. in the Iield of commerce, having founded the Providence Company in 1630 to engage William Strode: Strode was Iirst elected to in business in North America. Parliament in 1624, for Bere Alston. Strode has historically held a passionate distaste Sir Beauchamp St John: St John joined for Charles I. In fact Strode’s hostility in Parliament in 1621, also as a member of 1629 against the speaker of Parliament at Bedfordshire. He served in that position the time, Sir John Finch, caused him to be until 1629, and was reelected in 1640. St brieIly imprisoned. When reelected in John is a wealthy man, as he inherited, 1640, Strode remained an ardent opponent through his wife Rebecca Hawkins, the of Charles and pursued numerous causes manor of Tilbrook. His brother Alexander to diminish the king’s power. For example, also served in Parliament at the same time, he attempted to expand Parliament’s serving as a useful ally. control over ministerial appointments and the state’s army. He passionately Sir Oliver St John: St John Iirst gained supported the Grand Remonstrance and distinction in 1638, when he defended and the persecution of Thomas Wentworth. He Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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constituted one of the Iive members of negotiating both peace between Holland Parliament whom Charles failed to arrest in and Spain and a possible alliance with early 1642. Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. Later, as a member of the king’s elite Privy Council, Sir Henry oversaw England’s conIlict with Scotland. Sir Henry is a very frugal man, and has managed to acquire a great fortune over his life. Sir Henry’s economic and diplomatic acumen will serve the Committee well in its conIlict with the king. Sir Henry Vane the Younger: Vane is indeed the son of Sir Henry the Elder. He actually served one term as the governor of the Sir Henry Vane the Elder
Sir Henry Vane the Elder: Vane is perhaps the most experienced member of the Committee, as he has served in Parliament at various times since 1614. He was elected Iirst for Lostwithiel, and then for Carlisle. Sir Henry has signiIicant experience in diplomatic negotiations, as he acted as England’s representative in Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
Massachusetts Bay colony and then helped to establish both the Rhode Island colony and Harvard College. Upon his return to England, he became the Treasurer of the Royal Navy, a position he despised due to his roll in collecting ship taxes from inland regions. After his 1640 election to Parliament, as a representative of Hull, he introduced incriminating evidence at the !22
trial of Thomas Wentworth, earning the ire 4. How should the Parliament treat of Charles I. Sir Henry also passionately captured or surrendering members opposes the corrupt structure of the of the Royalists? Church of England. 5. What kind of political structure must the Long Parliament create to Questions to Consider
Delegates to the committee should
research the specific solutions laid out above.
Moreover, they should ponder these following
questions when constructing, both before and
during committee, specific plans to win this
Civil War:
1. W h a t s t r a t e g i e s s h o u l d t h e create stability within England’s own government? 6. How should Parliamentarians approach its relations with other English territories, namely Scotland and Ireland? How should it approach diplomacy with other European nations? Parliamentarians employ to defeat the Royalists in battle and gain control over all of Americans? 2. How should the Parliamentarians manage to gather the military force necessary to defeat Royalists? 3. How can Parliamentarians assure Englishmen of their authority and ensure political stability in the country? Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference
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ENDNOTES
1
http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/lecture7c.html
2
Ibid
3
http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/originsofparliament/
birthofparliament/overview/origins/
4
https://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/123/123%20303%20Personal%20Rule.htm
5
Ibid
6
http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/76.html
7
Ibid
8
http://bcw-project.org/military/bishops-wars/
9
http://bcw-project.org/biography/thomas-wentworth-earl-of-strafford
10http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/
civilwar/overview/longparliament/
11
Ibid
12
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/planters/es10.shtml
13
http://www.constitution.org/eng/conpur043.htm
14
http://spartacus-educational.com/STUfivemembers.htm
15
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/choosingsides_01.shtml
16
Ibid
17
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rushworth-papers/vol4/pp655-688
18
http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/
civilwar/overview/the-breakdown/
19
http://bcw-project.org/military/units
20
Ibid
21
Ibid
22
All information in this section originates from the British Civil Wars Project, at http://bcwproject.org/
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