Marine Science Unit 8
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______________ is the mud-like remains of animals and plants common on the ocean floor.
_____________ sediment is sediment from the open ocean.
Lava is ___________, or __________, volcanic rock.
The makeup of something is its __________________.
To _______________ is to endure or resist the action of something.
Hydrogenous sediment is particles that settle to the ocean floor, such as ______________
nodules and ________________.
_______________ is particles of sand and silt formed from rock or animal remains.
_______________ is the most common mineral on Earth.
Terrigenous sediment comes from the land in the form of ____________, sand, and ________.
An ______________ material is made up of parts of once-living organisms; it contains
_____________ atoms.
_____________ is the second most common mineral on Earth.
A ______________ lives in a certain place.
________________ zones are in a state of change from one condition to another.
Clay is very fine _____________ particles.
_________________ is the speed or rate of flow at which liquid or gas passes through a porous
material like sediment.
_______________ is the ratio of all the pores in a material to the volume of the whole.
______________________ are rounded lumps of valuable mineral deposits found on the ocean
floor.
Geological ___________________ have discovered three distinct types of sediment:
_________________, _____________ and _____________ sediment.
___________________cover our shores, beaches, and the ocean floor closest to land.
___________________ sediments come mostly from the erosion and weathering of land.
_____________ form when more sediment is deposited on the shore than is washed away by
the action of the ____________, tides, and _______________.
If you see a ____________ beach you can be reasonably certain that the nearby land also has
resistant rocks.
Rocks with ____________, feldspar, and _______________ break down into sand.
The beaches on the west coast of the United States are much ________________ than Florida
beaches.
When you see rocky beaches, you can assume that this _____________ sediment was carried by
_______________ waters.
Oceanographers have classified 3 major zones: ________________, littoral, and ___________.
Rocky shores have a higher ________________, meaning water passes quickly and easily
through the spaces between _______________ particles.
The rocky areas between the land and ocean are called _________________________ because
they are where land and ocean meet.
The _________________, or high tide zone is very dry.
Plants and animals must be very sturdy to tolerate the _______________ zone.
The _______________ snail and ____________ as well as other marine plants are found in the
splash, or supralittoral zone.
32. The __________________ line marks the usual high tide line on rocky shores all over the world.
33. The ______________________ is the normal intertidal zone.
34. _____________, sea urchins, and flexible ___________ are common inhabitants of the littorial
zone.
35. The _________________ Zone is the low tide zone.
36. Many fish and other animals such as _____________, and seals or _____________ feed on
organisms in the low tide zone.
37. Hawaii has black sand beaches composed of ___________ particles.
38. Many Caribbean Beaches are composed of small particles of ________________________.
39. In most of the United States beach sand is made up of _____________ and _______________.
40. Sand can be very ______________ to very _____________.
41. The force of ___________ determines the size of sand particles.
42. All sand dwellers must be able to move with the ___________ or ____________ back into it.
43. Clams, ____________, ____________, and sand dollars are common animals on sandy beaches.
44. List the 3 zones each sandy beach has:
45. __________ is formed when tiny particles of _____________ settle in areas of water with little
or no ____________ action.
46. _____________ present in mud flats do not require oxygen.
47. __________________ gas smells like rotten eggs.
48. Some mud dweller must create ____________ that bring oxygen and water in to their burrows.
49. _________ grass, ___________ grass and other grasses are common in muddy areas.
50. ______________ sediment covers most of the deep ocean.
51. The two main types of pelagic sediment are ___________ and _____________.
52. Pelagic deposits are thickest in zones of ______________.
53. __________________________ includes dust from volcanic eruptions.
54. Pelagic ____________ comes from the organic remains of tiny plants and animals.
55. _______________________ ooze covers 48% of the ocean floor.
56. _______________________ ooze comes from the remains of animals that had glass-like shells.
57. Hydrogenous means derived from __________________.
58. Phosphorite is an example of a valuable ____________________ sediment.
59. _________________________ are the best known of the hydrogenous deposits.
60. Researchers estimate that over 1 billion ton of ______________________ are sitting on the sea
floor.