Rotational Motion

Rotational Motion
Angular Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration
Rotation w/constant angular acceleration
Torque
Moment of Inertia
Angular Displacement (πœƒ)
β€’ Angular = Rotational
β€’ Measured in Radians
β€’ 1 complete rotation = 2πœ‹ radians
β€’ Easy to convert from angular to translational
𝑑
β€’ 𝑑 = πœƒπ‘Ÿ
πœƒ
Examples
A dog (r = 0.12m) makes 3 complete rotations as it
rolls down a hill.
β€’ What is the angular displacement of the dog?
β€’ What is the linear displacement of the dog?
β€’ A cat runs 7m on wheel with a radius of
0.75 m. How many rotations does the wheel
make?
Angular Velocity = (πœ”)
‒𝑣=
𝑑
𝑑
=
πœƒ
𝑑
= π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘Ξ€π‘ π‘’π‘
β€’ rpm = rotations per minute
β€’ π‘Ÿπ‘π‘š βˆ—
2πœ‹
60
= πœ”
β€’ 𝑣 = πœ”π‘Ÿ
EXAMPLE
β€’ Convert 45rpm to rad/s
β€’ What is the translation Velocity on the outer
edge of the record? (diameter = 30cm)
Angular Acceleration = (Ξ±)
‒𝛼=
βˆ†πœ”
𝑑
π‘Žπ‘‘
Translational Acceleration
β€’ π‘Žπ‘‘ = π›Όπ‘Ÿ
Centripetal Acceleration
β€’ π‘Žπ‘ =
𝑣2
π‘Ÿ
= Ο‰2π‘Ÿ
𝛼
π‘Žπ‘
Example:
A Washing machine motor accelerates from 0 -200rpm in 5 seconds.
β€’ What is the angular acceleration of the motor in rad/s2?
β€’ A small pony is in the machine (r = 0.30m), what is the translational
acceleration of the pony as the motor accelerates?
β€’ What is the centripetal acceleration of the pony?
Motion with Constant Acceleration
𝑣=
𝑑
𝑑
πœƒ
πœ”=
𝑑
d=vt +di
πœƒ = πœ”π‘‘ + πœƒπ‘–
π‘Ž=
βˆ†π‘£
𝑑
βˆ†πœ”
𝛼=
𝑑
vf =at + vi
πœ” = 𝛼𝑑 + πœ”π‘–
1 2
𝑑 = π‘Žπ‘‘ + 𝑣𝑖𝑑 + 𝑑𝑖
2
1
𝑑 = (𝑣1 + 𝑣2)𝑑
2
𝑣𝑓2 = 2π‘Žπ‘‘ + 𝑣𝑖2
1 2
πœƒ = 𝛼𝑑 + πœ”π‘–π‘‘ + πœƒπ‘–
2
1
πœƒ = (πœ”1 + πœ”2)𝑑
2
πœ”π‘“2 = 2π›Όπœƒ + πœ”π‘–2
Example:
A biker accelerates from rest to 8 m/s in 5
seconds.
The radius of the bicycle wheels is 0.25 m.
β€’ What is the angular acceleration of the wheels?
β€’ How far does the biker travel?
β€’ How many rotations does the wheel make?
β€’ If he gets tired and comes to rest in 10m, what is the angular
acceleration of the wheels?
Example:
A centrifuge accelerates from rest to 1500 rpm in 150 seconds.
β€’ How many rotations does the centrifuge make?
β€’ What is the angular acceleration in rad/s2
Example:
A fan moving at 250 rev/minutes. It turns through 120 revolutions as it comes to rest.
β€’ What is the angular acceleration of the fan?
β€’ How long did take to come to rest?
Example:
πœ” =? π‘Ÿπ‘π‘š
π‘Ÿ = 0.04π‘š
πœ” = 90π‘Ÿπ‘π‘š
π‘Ÿ = 0.10π‘š
r = 0.35m
V=
TORQUE
β€’ Causes a change in angular motion
β€’ Product of Force and Lever Arm
β€’ Lever Arm = Perpendicular Distance from axis of rotation to line
through which the force acts.
𝜏 = πΉπ‘™π‘ π‘–π‘›πœƒ = πΉπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘Ÿ
TORQUE
A wrench has length of 30.0cm. A force of 200N is applied at the end of
the lever
A) What is the maximum torque than can be applied?
B) What is the torque when the force is applied at an angle of 30o to the wrench?
TORQUE
β€’ Vector cross product
𝜏 =π‘Ÿ×𝐹
β€’ Direction of Torque determined Right Hand Rule
TORQUE
β€’ Determine the torque exerted on the wheel below.
r1=0.40m,
r2=0.20m,
F1=30.0 N,
F2=40.0 N,
TORQUE
β€’ Causes a change in angular motion
β€’ 𝜏 =πΉβˆ—π‘Ÿ
β€’ 𝐹 = π‘šπ‘Ž β†’ 𝜏 = π‘šπ‘Ž π‘Ÿ
β€’ π‘Ž = π›Όπ‘Ÿ β†’ 𝜏 = π‘š π›Όπ‘Ÿ π‘Ÿ = π‘šπ‘Ÿ2𝛼
β€’ π‘šπ‘Ÿ2 = 𝐼 = π‘šπ‘œπ‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘“ πΌπ‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘–π‘Ž
β€’ 𝝉 = π‘°πœΆ β†’ π‘π‘’π‘€π‘‘π‘œπ‘›π‘  2𝑛𝑑 πΏπ‘Žπ‘€ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘…π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›
Moment of Inertia
β€’ Rotational Analog of Mass
β€’ Depends on distribution of mass
β€’ Chart on Pg. 208
TORQUE
𝝉 = π‘°πœΆ β†’ π‘π‘’π‘€π‘‘π‘œπ‘›π‘  2𝑛𝑑 πΏπ‘Žπ‘€ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘…π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›
Ξ± =?
r=0.30m
m=4.0m
Solid disc
F=20N
TORQUE
F=20N
ΞΌ=?
Ξ±=3.0rad/s2
m=2.0kg
r=0.40m
TORQUE
β€’ The 2 Helicopter blades accelerate from 0 -500rpm in 30 seconds
β€’ Mass of blade = 150kg
β€’ Length of blade = 5.0m
β€’ What torque is required?
Moment of Inertia
determine the moment of Inertia around the center of the object below
Length=0.5
Mass = 2.0kg
Length=0.5
Mass = 2.0kg
Radius=0.5
Mass = 12.0kg
Review
Radius of wheel = 0.15m
Position of running mouse = .05m
Velocity of running mouse=0.80m/s
Angular Velocity of wheel?
Linear Velocity of outer mouse?
Centripetal Acceleration of outer mouse?
mass of wheel = 0.250kg
Radius of wheel = 0.15m
Time to reach max speed = 1.50s
Torque required?
Force exerted by inner mouse?
Number of Rotations?