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Chapter 13 Section 1
Earth’s oceans
• List the major divisions of the global
ocean.
• Describe the history of Earth’s oceans.
• Identify the properties of ocean water.
• Describe the interactions between the
ocean and the atmosphere.
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Divisions of the Global Ocean
1. Pacific 2.Atlantic 3.Indian
4.Arctic
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How did the Oceans Form?
• 4.5 bya
• Volcanoes spewed lava, ash, gas
– Gasses formed atmosphere
• Cooling earth – water condensation
• Water: rise and fall
• Filled the deeper levels of Earth’s surface
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Characteristics of Ocean Water
Ocean water is salty
• Sodium chloride
• Salinity – amount of solids in a liquid
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Characteristics of Ocean Water
Climate affects salinity
• Drier climates have a higher salinity
– Water evaporates and leaves solids behind
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Characteristics of Ocean Water
Water movement affects salinity
• Slow-moving water has a higher salinity
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Characteristics of Ocean Water
Temperature
• Temperature
decreases with depth
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The Ocean and the Water Cycle
Water cycle – The continuous movement of
water from the ocean, atmosphere, and land
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The Ocean and the Water Cycle
Evaporation – The physical change from a liquid
to a gas
-caused by heat or dry conditions
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The Ocean and the Water Cycle
Condensation – gas to a liquid
• Caused by cool temps
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The Ocean and the Water Cycle
Precipitation – When liquid or solid water falls
back to the earth
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A Global Thermostat
The Ocean
• Absorbs and releases thermal energy very
slowly
• Plays a huge role in the global climate
– Ocean currents carry warm water around the world
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