BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
BIO 2135 - Animal Form and Function
Final Examination
Worth 35 % of the final grade
April 19, 2016
Please read and sign in the space provided to acknowledge these
instructions:
a) Cellular phones, unauthorized electronic devices or course notes
(unless an open-book exam) are not allowed during this exam. Phones
and devices must be turned off and put away in your bag. Do not keep
them in your possession, such as in your pockets. If caught with such a
device or document, the following may occur: you will be asked to
leave immediately the exam, academic fraud allegations will be filed
which may result in you obtaining a 0 (zero) for the exam.
b) Place your name and student number in the space provided below. Be
sure that your name, or student number, is on the top of each page.
c) Check to be sure that you exam is complete with a total of 18 pages
including this one.
d) Answer all questions in the space provided on the exam. Do not
transfer answers to the back of the page.
e) Answer the essay question at the end of the exam in the examination
booklet that has been provided. Be sure that your name and student
number is on the cover of the examination booklet. Double spaced
please!
f) The exam is marked out of 160 points
g) Please be sure that your seat number is on the exam and the
examination booklet
h) This is not an open book exam.
Name:
___________________________________________
Signature: _________________________________________________
Student No:
___________________________________
Seat number: _______________________
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 1 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
30pts Part 1. Briefly explain what each of the following biological terms means. Where
possible include an example in your explanation from a group or an organism to which the
term applies.
Kingdom Animalia
Subclavian artery
Regulative development
Post anal segmentation
Mutable connective tissue
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 2 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
Madreporite
Syrinx
Erector muscle
Hepatic vein
Sebaceous gland
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 3 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
24 pts Part 2: Answer each of the following multiple choice questions by placing and X in the
space to the left of the correct choice. There is only one correct answer for each question and
questions have either 4 or 5 answers to choose from. Be sure your X doesn’t cross over two
answers – if it does the question will be scored as 0.
2.1 The way that a paleontologist usually classifies something as mammalian is on the basis
of:
_______ a. Mammary gland
_______ b. Hair
_______ c. The jaw and teeth
_______ d. Endothermy
_______ e. All of the above traits
2.2 The cavity surrounding the pharynx of a tunicate is called the
_______ a. atrium.
_______ b. hemocoel.
_______ c. coelom.
_______ d. nephrocoel.
_______ e. branchiocoel
2.3 The activity by which birds maintain a clean plumage and rid the feathers and skin of
parasites is referred to as
_______ a. combing.
_______ b. grooming.
_______ c. dusting.
_______ d. anting.
_______ e. preening.
2.4 Larval stages of frogs and toads are usually referred to as
_______ a. tadpoles.
_______ b. newts.
_______ c. neotenic.
_______ d. arnphipods.
_______ e. amniotes.
2.5 A group of synapsids called the therapsids gave rise to
_______ a. turtles.
_______ b. birds.
_______ c. snakes.
_______ d. lizards.
_______ e. mammals.
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 4 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
2.6 The excretory organs of mammals are
_______ a. protonephridia.
_______ b. renal glands.
_______ c. green glands.
_______ d. metanephric kidneys.
_______ e. Malpighian tubules.
2.7 The secondary palate allows mammals to
_______ a. chew while swallowing.
_______ b. swallow while chewing.
_______ c. breathe while swallowing.
_______ d. breathe while drinking.
_______ e. breathe while chewing.
2.8 Most mammals have two sets of teeth during their lifetime. The first set is called the
_______ teeth.
_______ a. deciduous
_______ b. homodont
_______ c. semipermanent
_______ d. conodont
_______ e. milk/suckling
2.9 A mammal that feeds on the flesh of another animal is called a/an
_______ a. carnivore.
_______ b. herbivore.
_______ c. insectivore.
_______ d. omnivore.
_______ e. frogivore.
2.10 Among fishes, some of the best known brooders are the
_______ a. sharks.
_______ b. trout.
_______ c. sea horses.
_______ d. guppies.
_______ e. perch.
2.11 The covering of feathers on a bird is called the
_______ a. pelage.
_______ b. epidermis.
_______ c. plumage.
_______ d. cuticle.
_______ e. tegument.
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 5 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
2.12 The major excretory product of most mammals is
_______ a. ammonia.
_______ b. uric acid.
_______ c. guanine.
_______ d. creatine.
_______ e. urea.
2.13 The placental mammals belong to the infraclass
_______ a. Mesotheria.
_______ b. Metatheria.
_______ c. Theria.
_______ d. Prototheria.
_______ e. Eutheria.
2.14 The major secretory and absorptive structures of the sea star digestive system are the
_______ a. cardiac stomachs.
_______ b. rectal ceca.
_______ c. Polian vesicles.
_______ d. pyloric ceca.
_______ e. pyloric stomachs.
2.15 All chordates have
_______ a. a single, dorsal, tubular, nerve cord.
_______ b. a ventral heart.
_______ c. pharyngeal slits.
_______ d. a postanal tail as some stage.
_______ e. All of the above are chordate features.
2.16 Body wall muscles of fishes are arranged in bundles called
_______ a. somites.
_______ b. lamellae.
_______ c. tagmata.
_______ d. myomeres.
_______ e. laterals.
2.17 Birds are capable of flight because they have
_______ a. Wings and a lightweight skeleton
_______ b. Highly efficient respiratory and digestive system
_______ c. A high-pressure circulatory system and well developed nervous and sensory
systems
_______ d. All of these.
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 6 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
2.18 Hagfishes
_______ a. are entirely freshwater animals.
_______ b. are parasitic.
_______ c. have a complex but well-researched reproductive cycle.
_______ d. generate enormous quantities of slime if disturbed.
_______ e. All of the above are correct.
2.19 The common name acorn worm is derived from the appearance of their ____________
_______ a. collar
_______ b. proboscis
_______ c. hepatic cecum
_______ d. trunk
_______ e. tunic
2.20 A tough resistant protein found in epidermally derived structures of amniotes is
_______ a. chitin.
_______ b. actin.
_______ c. keratin.
_______ d. collagen.
_______ e. sclerotin.
2.21 All birds undergo a periodic renewal of their feathers by a shedding and replacing
process called
_______ a. rejuvenation.
_______ b. molting.
_______ c. regeneration.
_______ d. replumaging.
_______ e. preening.
2.22 Gas exchange across the skin is called
_______ a. ram ventilation.
_______ b. countercurrent exchange.
_______ c. cutaneous respiration.
_______ d. buccopharyngeal exchange.
_______ e. branchial respiration.
2.23 The intercostal muscles are attached to
_______ a. Femur
_______ b. Tibia
_______ c. Ribs
_______ d. Appendicular skeleton
_______ e. None of these
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 7 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
2.24 A vertebrate class that produces amniotic eggs is
_______ a. Myxini.
_______ b. Pteromyzontida.
_______ c. Osteichthyes.
_______ d. Amphibia.
_______ e. Reptilia.
35 pts Part 3: Fill in the missing word, or provide the one word answer in the space provided
at the end of the sentence. If the line is missing, add it.
3.1 An alternate name for the excurrent siphon of a urochordate is the _______________
siphon.
3.2 This part of the echinoderm body is found between the regions with
tube feet. _______________
3.3 After leaving the heart of a fish, blood flows first to these structures. _______________
3.4 Food ingested by the larval ammocoete is moved into the digestive tract by cilia on this
structure in the floor of the mouth. _______________
3.5 To warm up reptiles often bask in the sun because they are_______________ and can't
generate their own body heat.
3.6 U-shaped structure in a urochordate. _______________
3.7 The type of carbohydrate polymer contained in the tunic of a
urochordate. _______________
3.8 Water moves through the gill slits into this space before leaving a
cephalochordate. _______________
3.9 In a sea urchin undigested food is compacted in this part of the digestive system before it
passes out the anus (two words) _______________
3.10 The anterior of three coelomic cavities found in echinoderms. _______________
3.11 This valve in the digestive tract of a shark slows the movement of
food. _______________
3.12 This membrane folds over the shark's eye to protect the eye when they attach their
prey. _______________
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 8 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
3.13 Nitrogenous wastes generated by a reptile embryo are stored here. _______________
3.14 The tube feet in an echinoderm extend from this groove. _______________
3.15 The central shaft of a bird feather. _______________
3.16 This nitrogenous waste is found in very high contractions in the tissues and blood of a
shark. _______________
3.17 Lungs, skin, and the inner surface of this can be used to varying degrees in amphibians
for gas exchange. _______________
3.18 Echinoderms are found only in this environment. _______________
3.19 Food particles are mixed with this before passing into an acorn worm's
mouth. _______________
3.20 Lungfish are the sister group to this vertebrate taxon. _______________
3.21 This composite structure is formed from the stomochord, heart vesicle, and glomerulus in
an acorn worm (Two words). _______________
3.22 With the exception of the neck the axial skeleton in a bird is extremely rigid because the
vertebrae have fused with this. _______________
3.23 Cardiac and pyloric describe these two structures in a sea star. _______________
3.24 In hemichordates the stomochord was mistakenly thought to be this structure and the
reason that they were originally included in the Chordata. _______________
3.25 Because capillary beds in the digestive cecum of a cephalochordate interrupt the blood
flow between the intestine and the rest of the body the cecum is considered to be an
early version of this organ in higher chordates. _______________
3.26 The smaller tube feet at the tip of the arm have this function. _______________
3.27 This duct connected the nephridium found in each of the mesoderm blocks of tissues that
develop along the length of a chordate embryo. _______________
3.28 Urochordates have this common name. _______________
3.29 The valve that slows the movement of food through a shark's digestive tract is located in
this part of the gut. _______________
3.30 This mass extinction wiped all the fishes in the oceans which was repopulated by fresh
water fish. _______________
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 9 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
3.31 In mammals the cycle of female fertility. _______________
3.32 Unlike the soft and leathery eggs of the other diapsids bird eggs have undergone this
process and are covered with a hard shell. _______________
3.33 In a bird ingested food is stored here before it is digested. _______________
3.34 The heart beat of a urochordate is unusual because it is ___________ .
3.35 In acorn worms the protocoel forms this structure. _______________
PART 4 Starts on the next page
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 10 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
5 pts Part 4. In the table identify, using the letter from the cladogram, where the symplesiomorphy in
the table is located.
Letter
Letter
Oral-aboral symmetry
Dipleurula larva
Septate junctions
Spiral cleavage
Lophophore
Triploblasty
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Schizoceoly
Food manipulated by limbs
Collagenous cuticle
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 11 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
hetr
10 pts Part 5: Use a cladogram to show the evolutionary relationships between the three
living Chordate subphyla. Include in your cladogram autapomorphies that define
the different subphyla and symplesiomorphies they share with each other.
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 12 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
36 pts Part 5: Answer 6 of the following 10 questions in the space provided. Each is worth 6
points. There is no bonus.
5.1 The Echinodermata use of the water vascular system restricted the phylum to the Marine
environment. Explain why .
5.2 Why is the amphibian heart, which has only three chambers, ideally suited to its survival
in and out of water ?
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 13 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
5.3 Ancestrally vertebrates had six aortic arches, this number decreases in the various classes.
Briefly explain the changes that occur in cartilaginous fish, bony fish and mammals .
5.4 Why is neutral buoyancy important? How does a cartilaginous fish achieve it?
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 14 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
5.5 Modern day fish are faced with a challenge living in freshwater and marine environments.
Describe the challenge for each environment and explain how the problem is solved in one
(Be sure to clearly state what environment the solution part of your answer s referring to)
5.6 Describe how a bird ventilates its lungs
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 15 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
5.7 Describe the embryological origins of the chordate autapomorphies of a hollow dorsal
nerve cord and notochord .
5.8 Who are the Cyclostomata and why has the existence of this chordate taxon been
controversial?
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 16 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
5.9 Sea stars are often predators, what kind of prey do they feed on and how do they ingest
and digest the food they capture?
5.10 Describe how an acorn worm filters metabolic wastes from its blood.
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 17 of 18
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
Name: ___________________________________________
Student No:___________________
20 pts Part 6: Answer the essay question in the examination booklet that has been provided.
Please use both sides of the page and write double spaced, it’s much easier to read (Thanks)!
HINT: You may find it advantageous to organise your thoughts in point form using the first page
of your examination booklet
Microphagy is feeding on very small particulate of food and is a common feeding strategy in many of
the animals that we have looked at during the course. What are common problems animals encounter
when the use this feeding strategy and how are they solved? Discuss this using two protostomes, one
deuterostome and a parazoan in your answer.
BIO 2135 Final Examination, April 19, 2016 – Page 18 of 18