Chapter 11 Water (pages 268-293), Holt_Environmental
Name
D~e ------
Science
Instructions: Complete the puzzle. Use the clues to help you fill the boxes with the correct words.
10
ACROSS
5. an artificial body of water that usually forms behind a dam
6. the area of land that is drained by a water system
7. a structure that is built across a river
to control a river's flow
9. suitable for drinking
10. an area in which water travels downward
to become part of an aquifer
13. all the bodies of 1i"eshwater, salt water, ice, and snow that are found above the ground
14. a flowing network of rivers and streams draining a river basin
15. the water that is beneath the Earth's surface
16. the accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food chain
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DOWN
1. a virus, microorganism, or o!her substance !hat causes disease; an infectious agent
2. !he percentage of !he total volume of a rock or sediment !hat consists of open spaces
3. a process of removing salt rom ocean water
4. a process !hat increases !he amount of nutrients in a body of water lhrough human activities, such as
waste disposal and land drainage
6. water !hat contains wastes rom homes or industry
8. pollution !hat comes from a specific site
11. a body of rock or sediment !hat stores groundwater and allows !he flow of groundwater
12. !he ability of a rock or sediment to let fluids pass !hrough its open spaces or pores
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Nrune
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Period: -----------
Global Distribution of Water
Graph 1
Graph 2
1. Using the following data create a bar graph on "graph 1". Make sure you label your x axis
and y axis. Ocean/salt water 97% Fresh water 3%
2. Now create a second graph using the following data. This is how the 3% of fresh water
(from the first graph) is divided up.
Icecaps and glaciers 77%
Groundwater
22%
Surface water
1%
(such as rivers/lakes/ponds)
3.How much of this water is available for you to drink?
Name: ------------------------------------
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Questions from the packet on the Water Cycle and Watersheds
VI-I. The Water Cycle
1. Describe the different paths through the water cycle. (there are seven of them)
2. How does the water cycle affect water quality? (~fS"t":.)
3. How do soil and rock influence the water cycle?
(J, p+S)
4. Describe two of the four ways humans influence the water cycle.
(I..J p~)
l1 pH)
VI-2. Watersheds
5. What is the Boundary between watersheds called?
6.
1J£('; does climate
affect a watershed?
(.., p+')
(3ph.)
7. How does Development affect a watershed?
("3p1",:>. ')
8. How do dams and reservoirs affect a watershed? L ~pt-'r.,)
9. Where does the water in Utah's watersheds come from? ((
10. What is most of the water in Utah used for?
p+-.)
a pt.)
11. What are Utah's two main watersheds? (':>'f'~.)
/2)
»>
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Read ing continued
Read each question and write the answer in the space provided.
5. For what three purposes
is water used in industry?
Section: Water Use and Management
Read the passage
below and answer the questions
that follow.
Industry accounts for 19 percent of water used in the world Water
is used to manufacture goods, to dispose of waste, and to generate
power. The amount of water needed to manufacture everyday items
can be astounding. For instance, nearly 1,000 L of water are needed
to produce I kg of aluminum, and almost 500,000 L of water are
needed to manufacture a car. Vast amounts of water are required to
produce computer chips and semiconductors.
Most of the water that is used in industry is used to cool power
plants. Power-plant cooling systems usually pump water from a surface water source such as a river or lake, carry the water through
pipes in a cooling tower, and then pump the water back into the
somee. The water that is retumed is usually warmer thau the
source, but it is generally clean and can be used again.
6. Name four items that the author uses as examples of the goods produced
industry.
by
SEQUENCING INFORMATION
One reading skill is the ability to sequence information,
or events in the order in which they occur.
or to logically place items
Write the three steps that show how a power planrs cooling system works.
7. First,
IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS
One reading skill is the ability to identify the main idea of a passage. The main
idea is the main focus or key idea Frequently, a main idea is accompanied by
supporting infonnation that offers detailed facts about main ideas.
8. Next,
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.
1. How much water is needed to manufacture a car?
a. 50,000 L
c. 1,000 L
b. 500,000 L
d. 100,000 L
___
2. The amount of water used in the world for industry is
a. 500,000 L.
c. 19 percent.
b. vast amounts.
d. 1,000 L.
___
3. Water is used in industry
a. cool power plants.
b. keep machinery
___
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4.
9. Finally,
RECOGNIZING CAUSE AND EFFECT
One reading skill is the ability to recognize cause and effect.
mainly to
c. create steam which is then used
for energy.
d. clean huge cooling towers.
running.
Water that is returned to a river from a power plant cooling tower is
a. cooler than the river and contaminated,
b. wanner than the river and contaminated.
c. cooler than the river but clean.
d. wanner than the river but clean.
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Holt Environmental Science
___
10. Because water is used to cool power plants, it is returned to its source
a. cleaner.
c. hotter.
b. faster.
d. cooler.
___
11. Industry uses water to
a. manufacture goods.
b. dispose of waste.
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In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best comptetes-.
each statement.
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c. generate power.
d. All of the above
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Water
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continued
~
SEQUENCING INFORMATION
Sedion:
Water
One reading skill is the ability to sequence information,
or events in the order in which they occur.
Resources
or to logically place items
Read each question and write the answer in the space provided to show the
sequence of the process in which groundwater is formed.
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
Most of the fresh water that is available for human lise cannot be
seen-it
exists underground. When it rains, some of the water that
falls onto the land flows into lakes and streams. But much of the
water percolates through the soil and down into the rocks
beneath, Water stored beneath the Earth's surface in sediment and
rock formations is called groundwater.
As water travels beneath the Earth's surface, it eventually
reaches a level where the rocks and soil are saturated with water.
This level is known as the uxiter table. In wet regions, the water
table may be at the Earth's surface and a spring of fresh water
may flow out onto the ground. But in deserts, the water table may
be hundreds of meters beneath the Earth's surface. The water
table is actually not as level as its name implies. The water table
has peaks and valleys that match the shape of the land above it.
Just as surface water flows downhill, groundwater
tends to flow
slowly from the peaks of the water table to the Valleys.
5. Water that will become groundwater fails on the surface of Earth when
6. Water first percolates
7. Then, water reaches
through the
_
the
8. Eventually, the water reaches
beneath.
the
, where the rocks
and soil are already
with water.
RECOGNIZING SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
One reading skill is the ability to recognize similarities and differences between two
phrases, ideas, or things. This is sometimes known as comparing and contrasting.
Read each question and write the answer in the space provided.
IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS
9. Why is a water table not like a table in your home?
One reading skill is the ability to identify the main idea of a passage. The main
idea is the main focus or key idea Frequently, a main idea is accompanied by
supporting information that offers detailed facts about main ideas.
Read each question and write the answer in the space provided.
1. Where is most fresh water that is available for human consumption
2. How does water get beneath Earth's surface
10.
Explain the difference
between water tables in wet and desert regions.
found?
after it rains?
RECOGNIZING CAUSE AND EFFECT
One reading skill is the ability to recognize cause and effect.
Read each question and write the answer in the space provided.
11.
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
What movement
occurs with groundwater?
What causes this movement?
Read each question and write the answer in the space provided.
3. Water stored in sediments
and rocks beneath
Earth's surface is called
12. Why might a spring flow out of the ground in a wet region?
4. The level where rocks and soil become saturated
Copyrtght
with water is called
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Water
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5. Remember that eutrophication is the natural process by which a body of
water gains an abundance of nutrients. Explain the distinction between
eutrophication
and artificial eutrophication.
Section: Water Pollution
Read the passage
_
Reading continued
below and answer the questions
that follow.
The natural process of eutrophication
is accelerated when inorganic plant nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, enter the
water from sewage and fertilizer runoff. Eutrophication caused by
humans is called artificial
eutrophication.
Fertilizer from farms,
lawns, and gardens is the largest source of nutrients that cause
artificial eutrophication.
Phosphates in some laundry and dishwashing detergents are another major cause of eutrophication.
Phosphorus is a plant nutrient that can cause the excessive
growth of algae. In bodies of water polluted by phosphorus, algae
can form large floating mats, called algal blooms. As the algae die
and decompose, most of the dissolved oxygen is used and fish
and other organisms suffocate in the oxygen-depleted water.
RECOGNIZING CAUSE AND EFFECT
One reading skill is the ability to recognize
Read each question
6. Artificial eutrophication
7. It happens
cause and effect.
and write the answer in the space provided.
is caused by
_
when
IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS
One reading skill is the ability to identify the main idea of a passage. The main
idea is the main focus or key idea Frequently, a main idea is accompanied by
supporting information that offers detalled facts about main ideas.
8. What is the greatest cause of artificial eutrophication?
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.
I. Which of these are examples of inorganic plant nutrients?
a. eutrophication
and oxygen
c. oxygen and algal bloom
b. phosphorus and nitrogen
d. farms and lawns
__
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9. Name another
~ 2. Eutrophication
caused by humans is called
a. artificial eutrophication.
c. phosphates.
b. algal bloom.
d. fertilizer.
cause of artificial eutrophication.
10. What substance
~ 3. Which of the following is the best statement of the main idea of this
passage?
a. Decomposing algal blooms deplete oxygen from bodies of water.
b. Fertilizer runoff causes artificial eutrophication.
c. Artificial eutrophication
damages bodies of water.
d. Phosphates in detergents are the major cause of eutrophication.
causes an algal bloom to form?
II. Why do fish die in a body of water where an algal bloom has formed?
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
Read each question
and write the answer in the space provided.
4. What is an algal bloom?
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