U S CO MMU NIS T PA RT Y A SS IS TA NC E T O
.
.
FO REIG N C O MMU NIS T G O V ERNMENTS
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HEARIN G
B E F O RE T H E
COMMITTEE ON UN AME RICAN ACTIVITIE S
-
HOUSE OF RE PRE SE NTATIVE S
E I G HT Y E I G HTH
-
FI R S T
S E S S I ON
M A R CH
6 , 1 9 63
( I NCLU D IN G
P rin ted
I N D E!
)
mmittee on UmAmerican A ctivities
for th e use of the Co
U S
.
95966
C O N G R ES S
.
G O VE RN M EN T P R I N T I N G
WA S H IN G T O N 1 9 6 3
-
I
O F F CE
C O M M I T T EE O N U N -A M E R I C A N
UNIT
ED
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S TATES H O U S E OF R EPRES ENTATIV ES
F RA N C S E
LY
.
W A LT E R
Y LE C alifo nia
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W I LL I S L ui iana
W I LL IA M M T U C K Vi gini a
J OE R P O O L T xa
DE D O
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ED IN E
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Penns
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Chairman
U G U S T E J O HA N S E N M i higan
D O N A L D C B RU C E Ind iana
A
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A C T I V I T I ES
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H E N R Y C S C H A D EB E R G , W isconsin
J O H N M A S H B R O O K, O hio
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FRANCIS
FRAN K S
.
J
.
M CN AMARA D irector
,
T A VENN ER, Jr
A LFRED
.
General Counsel
,
M N ITTLE
.
,
Counsel
CON TE
S ynop sis
Marc h 6, 1 9 6 3 : T estimony
Mau d R u ss ell
I nd ex
Of
N
T S
PU B L I C L A W
60 1 , 7 9TH
C O N GRES S
The le g islation under which the House Committee on U n Am erican
Activities O perates is Public L aw 60 1 7 9 th Congress
6 0 S tat
8 12 W hich provides :
-
.
,
,
B e it enacted b y the S enate and House
of A meric a in Congress assemb l ed,
PA R T
2—
R U L ES
O F T HE
f Rep resentatives of the U nited S tates
o
H OU SE
RU LE
S EC
12 1
.
.
R E P R ES E N T A TI V ES
OF
!
I
I
C O MM T T E E S
S T A ND N G
>l<
17
C ommitt ee
.
on
U n- A merica n
A ctivities
R U LE
PO W E R S
( q ) ( 1)
(A)
C ommitt ee
on
A ND
to
sist
c on
Of
nine
M emb ers
.
I
!
I
I
O F C O MM T T E E S
DU T E S
U m- A merica n
,
A ctiv ities
-A merica n a c t iv it ies
Um
T he C ommitt ee on U n-A merica n
.
.
A c t iv ities as a W h ol e or b y s u b c ommit
tee is a u t h oriz ed t o ma k e f rom t ime t o t ime in v estig ations O f ( i) t he ex t ent
c h a ra c t er and O b j ec ts of un A meric an p r op a g a nd a a c tiv it ies in t h e U nit ed S t at es
(ii) t he d iffusion W it h in th e U nit ed S tat es of s ub v ersiv e and un A meric an p rop a
gand a t hat is instigated f rom f oreig n c ou ntries or O f a d omest ic orig in and att ac k s
t he p rinc ipl e of t he f or m O f g o v er nment as g u ara nt eed b y our C o nst it u t ion and
( iii) all ot h er q u estions in rel ation t h eret o t hat w o uld aid C ong r ess in any necessar y
r emed ia l l eg is l a tion
T he C ommitt ee on U n A merica n A c t iv it ies s h all rep or t to the H o u s e (or t o the
Cl er k O f t he H o u se if t he H o u s e is not in s ession) t h e r es ul ts of any s u c h in v est i
g at ion t og ether W it h s u c h r ec ommend ations as it d eems a d v isab l e
For t he pu rp os e of any s u c h in v estig ation the C ommitt ee on U h —A merican
A ctiv ities or any s ub c ommitt ee t h er eof is a u t h oriz ed to sit and act at s u c h
t imes and pl aces W it hin t he U nited S tat es W h et h er or not t he H ous e is sitting
has recessed or has ad j ou rned to h old s u c h h earing s to r eq u ire the attend ance
O f s u c h W it ness es a nd th e p rod u c tion O f s u c h b oo k s p ap ers and d oc u ments and
t o t ak e s u c h t estimony as it d eems nec essar y
S ubp enas may b e iss u ed u nd er
t he s ig nat u re of t h e c h airman O f th e c ommit t ee or any s ub c ommitt ee or b y any
memb er d esig nat ed b y any s u c h c hairman and may b e s er v ed b y any p erson
d esig nat ed b y any s u c h c h airman or memb er
(2)
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R U LE
L E G I S LA T I V E
I
O V ERS G H T
!
BY
II
I
S TA ND N G
I
C O MM T T E E S
S E C 1 36 T O assist the C ong ress in a pp raising the ad ministration of the l aw s
and in d ev el op ing s u c h a mend ments or r elat ed l eg is l at ion as it may d eem neces
sar y , ea c h stand ing c ommittee O f the S enat e and the H ouse O f R ep resentat iv es
s hall ex ercise c ontinu ou s w at c hful ness of the ex ec u tion b y the a d ministrat iv e
a g encies c onc erned of any l aw s , the s ub j ect matt er O f w hic h is W it hin the j urisd ic
.
.
s u c h committee ; and for t hat p u rp ose shall st ud y al l p ertinent rep orts
and d ata s ub mitt ed t o t h e C ong ress by the a g enc ies in t h e ex ec u t ive b ra nc h O f
t he G o v ernment
t ion
of
,
.
,
R U L ES A D O P T E D
BY T H E 88 TH C O N G R ESS
H ou se R esolu tion 5 J anu ar y
9 , 1 963
,
:
a
R U LE
I
I
C O MM T T E E S
S TA N D N G
1
T h ere s hall b
.
l t
e e ec ed
by
:
a
(r) Committ ee
on
t he
!
H ou se at the commencement of each
,
n
:
a
:
a
a:
Um
A merican
A ctivit ies
:
a
,
to
sist
Of
nine
M emb ers
.
t
a
!
I
I
P O WE R S
:
a
c on
:
a
R U LE
Cong ress,
I
O F C O MM T T EE S
A ND D U T E S
>l<
-A mer ica
C ommitt ee on U m
n A ct iv it ies
a
A merican a ct ivit ies
U
m
( )
-A merica n A ct iv it ies
mm
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b
T
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C
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n
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( )
,
18
.
.
a w h ol e or by su b committ ee
is a u t h oriz ed t o ma k e f rom t ime t o t ime in v est igat ions O f ( 1) t he ex tent char
a ct er and O b j ects O f un A merica n p ropagand a a ct iv ities in the U nit ed S tat es
( 2 ) the d iffu sion w it h in the U nit ed St at es O f s ub v ersiv e and umA merican p r op
a gand a t h at is instig at ed from f oreig n c ou ntries or O f a d omest ic origin and
atta c k s t he p rincipl e O f t he f orm of g o v ernment as g u arant eed by our C onstitu
t ion and ( 3) all ot h er q u estions in r elation t h eret o t hat woul d aid C ongress in
any nec ess ar y r emed ial l eg isl ation
T he C ommitt ee on U n A merican A ct iv it ies s h a ll r ep ort t o th e H ou se ( or t o the
Cl er k of the H ou s e if the H ou s e is not in session) t he resul ts O f any s u c h investi
g at ion t og et h er w it h s u c h recommend at ions as it d eems a d v isabl e
For t he p ur p ose of any s u c h inv est igat ion the C ommitt ee on U mA merican
A ctiv ities or any sub commit tee t h ereof is au t h oriz ed t o sit and act at s u c h times
and pl a ces w it h in t h e U nit ed Stat es w h et h er or not t h e H ous e is s itt ing has
or has a dj ou rned
t o h old s u c h h earings t o req u ire the att end anc e
r ec ess ed
O f s u c h w it ness es and t h e p r odu ct ion O f s u c h b ook s pa p ers and d oc u ments and
t o tak e su ch t est imony as it d eems necessar y
S ubp enas may b e iss u ed u nd er
t he S ig nat u re O f t he c h air man O f t he c ommitt ee or any s ub committ ee or b y any
memb er d esig nat ed b y any su ch ch airman and may b e ser v ed b y any p erson
d esignat ed b y any s u c h ch air man or memb er
as
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a
:
a
T o assist the H ou se in a ppraising the a d minist rat ion of t he l aws and in
d ev el oping su ch amend ments or rel at ed l egisl ation as it may d eem necessary ,
ea c h stand ing c ommitt ee O f t he H ou s e s h a ll ex er cise c ont inu ou s w at c hful ness
of the ex ec u t ion b y t he a d ministrat iv e a g enc ies c onc erned of any l a w s , t he s ub j ect
matt er O f wh ich is w it h in t he j u ris d ict ion O f su c h c ommitt ee ; and , for t h at pu rp ose,
s h all st ud y all p ertinent rep orts and d ata s ub mitt ed to t he H ou se b y the agencies
in t he ex ecu t ive b ranc h of t he G overnment
27
.
.
S YN O P S I S
The Foreign A gent s R egistration Act O f 1 938 requir es registration
with the Attorney G eneral of certain age nts of foreign princip al siand
the l abeling O f political propaganda dissemin ated by such ag ents An
agent O f a foreign prin cipal is defined by the Ac t to in clude in ter alia
“
any person who acts or agrees to act within the United S tates as a
public relations counsel publicity agen t information service em
p l oyee servan t agen t representative or attorney for a forei gn
princip al
The term foreign prin cipal is defined to include
inter alia a governmen t O f a foreign country ; a foreign political p ar ty ;
and a person or or g anization affiliated or asso ciated with or directed
supervised or su b sidized in whole or in p art by a foreign g overn
men t or poli tical p arty
B y resolution O f August 2 1 9 62 the committee embarked upon a
series O f hearings relatin g to the necessity for or advisability O f
recommending amendmen ts to the Act an d for the purpose O f ex er
cising the committee s legislative oversight fun ction s in appraising
the administration O f the Act The committee particularly dir ected
its at ten tion to the activities O f members and affi liates O f the Com
munist Party en g aged in the conduct of propa g an d a on behalf O f
foreign Communist governments Court decisions have raised ques
tions as to the true test of the a g ency relations hip within the meanin g
O f the Ac t
The initial hearin g s O f the committee on November 14 1 96 2
inv olved tw o organizations the M e dical Aid to Cuba Committee and
the Frien ds O f B ritish G uiana Hearing s were continued on M arch 6
1 963 when the committee recei v ed the testimony O f Maud Russell
publisher of the Far East Rep orter who has been actively en g ag ed for
many years as a sp eaker an d publis h er princip al ly upon t h e subj ec t
of R ed China
Armando Penha an FBI undercover O p erative within the Com
munist Party from 1 9 5 0 unt il M arch 1 9 1 95 8 had identified M aud
Russell as a member O f the Communist Party when h e testified before
this committee on the latter date
Miss Russel l s activities most recently came to the attention of the
committee in May 19 62 when it received the testimony O f Chi chou
Huang a professor Who had defected from Red Ch ina a shor t time
prior thereto In 194 5 Mr Huang had received a scholarship from
the Yunnan Provincial G overnment of Nationalist Chin a for study in
the United S tates Wh il e at the University O f Marylan d during the
p eriod 194 6— 1 94 9 he formed the desire to go to the area of North
Chin a then o cc upied by Communist forces which h ad launched a
civil war for the p urpose of overthrowing the government
Huang sought the assistance and advice of a D r Frederick A
B l ossom an employee of the L ibrary of Congress whom Mr Huang
had met whil e attending a lecture by S cott N earing a former member
O f the Communist Party st il l active in Communist fronts and cause s
D r B lossom suggested t h at Huang contac t Maud Russell and ar
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S YN OPS S
ranged a meeting in his Washin g ton D C Offi ce S O t h at Mr Huan g
could discuss the matter with her Mr Huan g test ified t h a t at that
meet in g Maud Russell had sug g ested that he contac t a Chinese news
p ap er the Hua S hang Pao th at is the Chinese Commercial Daily in
Hon g K ong where he would receive information that woul d put him
in contac t wi th Communist guerrill as In North Chin a
In her tes timony before the committee on M arch 6 1 9 6 3 Miss
Russell test ifie d th at she had in fact met with Mr Huang in the O ffices
of D r B lossom and
very faintly recollected her co nversation with
him
When asked whether she had specifi cally referred Mr Huang
to the Chinese Commercial Daily she replied th at she did not recall
”
bu t did no t thin k th a t she h ad referred him to any S p ecific news
”
p aper S he said S he w as pre tty sure she h ad told Mr Huang th at
if he went to Hong Kong he could ge t the information he wante d
from newsp apers there
Th e committee h ad prepared a memorandum summarizing a p ar t
O f Miss R ussell s spe aking it inerary dur ing the p ast 2 years
When
this w as re ad into the record Miss Russell agreed th a t the memoran
dum w as an accurate accoun t of her spe aking engagements and th at
on all o ccasions th e subj ect to which she h ad devo ted her attention
w as th at O f Red China
When asked whe ther her talks p romo ted
praised and supported the Communist Chinese regi me she replied
th at she reported the facts
Miss Russell conceded however th at
”
”
“
the facts she reported were favorable to the Red Chinese regime
an d th at she believed the regime w as goo d for the Chinese people
It w as then called to the atten tion of Miss Rus sell tha t adver tise
men ts and no tices ab o ut her lect ur e tour as the itinerary memoran
dum indicated were prin cipally contained in the Communist Party s
wes t coas t publication the P eop l e s World and the pro —COmmunist
N ational Guardia
n
When asked in wha t way these publications
came into possess i on of knowled g e O f her speaking itinerary she testi
fied tha t she paid for adverti sements I n them
S he conceded that S he
did not place such adver tisements in any non Communist publication
but confined herself exclusively to the P eop le s Worl d and N ational
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Guardian
S he denie d
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having any kn owledge O f the Communist Party affil ia
tion s of D oro thy Hayes who arranged her Chicago speaking dates
b e tween M ay and June 1 9 6 1 or of Dr J C Coleman who arranged
her L os Angeles speaking date s in O ctob er 19 62 These two indi
v id ual s whom Mis s Russell conceded knowin g over a period O f years
have been identified as memb ers Of the Communist Party during exec
utive hearing S held b y thi s committee
”
“
Miss Russell admitted as obvious that she w as the publisher of
the Far East Rep orter and agreed tha t a rep or t contain ed in the maga
zin e that she had served on the staff of the Y oung Women s Chr istian
Association in Ch in a for 2 6 years from 1 9 17 to 1 94 3 w as correct
S he conceded tha t after her retur n here S he served as the executive
dir ector O f the Committee for a D emocratic Far Eastern Policy cited
as Communis t by Attorney G eneral T om Clark in 1 94 9
S he also
admitted that she w as the ma] or defense witness for this organization
in proceeding s before the S ubversive Activities Control B oard held
for the purp ose O f determining whether it S hould be ordered to register
with the Attorn ey G eneral as a Communist front organization Th e
responden t claimed tha t the organization had been dissolved on
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S YN OP S S
August 1
S he denied tha t the Far East Rep orter O f which S he
is the publisher was created to fill the void which O ccurred when the
Far East S p otlight the O fficial organ O f the Committee for a D emocratic
Far Eastern Policy ceased publication
I t w as then called to her attention that the Far East Rep orter h ad
rep orted that S he had visited Communis t Chin a in 1 9 5 9 and that it h ad
reproduced a photograph O f her with Chin ese national YWCA com
mittee memb ers and staff whi ch had reporte dl y been taken in S hanghai
in J un e 1 959
Miss Russell in voked the fifth amendment privilege
with respect to the accuracy O f the rep ort of her visit to Chin a in 1 9 5 9
as contained in her own publication
I t was poin ted out to her that S he had filed a p assport application
in 1 959 in which she had indicated S he intended to visit G reat B ritain
S candinavia France the S oviet U nion India and Japan When
asked whether she had also visited Communis t China S he again
invoked the fifth amen dment T O the inquiries whether S he had
made any prearrangements wi th Communists in the United S tate s
or abroad for her en try into Communist China and whether she had
met any high ranking Chinese Communist O fficials dur ing her visi t
there she again relied Upon her privilege against self incrimination
I t w as p ointed out to Miss Russell that certain p ersons who had
recently written articles for or whose articles have been distributed
by the Far E ast Rep orter— Israel Epstein Elsie Fairfax Chol mel ey
and Anna L ouise S trong— had all been active in the Committee
for a D emocratic Far E astern Policy and had also contributed to
publications of the I nstitute O f Pacific Relations (IPR )
It w as
also p ointed out to M iss Rus sell tha t the S enate Intern al S ecur i ty
S ub committee after its investi g ation O f the IPR had reported tha t
Israel Epstein and Anna L ouise S trong had b een iden tified in its
hearings as memb ers O f the Communis t Party and as person s who
had coll ab orated w ith S ovie t in tell igence agent s— and tha t Elsi e
Fairfax Cholmel ey had b een the subj ect O f governmen tal action
involving loyalty or national security In addition Mis s Russell
w as informed that the S enate Internal S ecur i ty S ub committee had
found the IPR with which these p erson s had b een affiliated to
b e an instrum en t O f Communist p olicy prop agand a and mil i tary in
tell ig ence; to be controlled b y staff mem b ers who were either identified
Communists or pro Communi sts ; and to have a policy O bj ective O f
orienting American Far E astern p olicy toward Communist O bj ectives
Miss Russell in response denied kn owing any O f the above named
con tributors to her publication as Communists
It was also p ointed out that S usan Warren a delegate to the N ew
Y ork S tate Convention of the Communist Political Association in
August 1 94 5 and thereafter an instructor at the Communis t Party s
Jefferson S chool of S ocial S cience w as a contributor to the Far East
H b t B wn l l J
P titi n v Th C mmitt f a D mo ti
Att n y G n al f th Unit d S t t
Th
113—53 b f
C nt ol B a d
Fa E t n P li y R p nd nt D o k t N
iv A tiviti
th S ub v
qui ing p nd nt to
A tto n y G n al fil d a p titi n with th B a d n A p il 22 1953 f an o d
q ui d b y th S ub v iv A tiviti C nt ol A t f 1950
a a C ommuni t f ont o g aniz ati n a
gi t
S vi
f th p t iti n w a mad up n M aud R u
ll f m x utiv d i t f p nd nt An ap p a
d b y D av id R in a oun l fo M aud R u
wa ub q u ntl y nt
ll onl y and m ti n to d i mi
an
vi th of w fil d with th B a d all ging that p nd nt w nt out f
th p titi n and t q u h
x i t n in A ugu t 1952 and wa non x i t nt at th tim fth filing and vi of th p titi n T timony
w a tak n n th m ti n and th h a ing x amin i u d hi
p t fi nd ing th n m d o ganiz ati n t h a
mm nd d t th B a d th at th p tition b
b n n n xi t nt at th tim th p titi n wa fil d and
di
nting
T h B a d d id not
T hi
d i mi
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omm nd tion wa ad p t d b y th B oa d on m mb
ub tan
li d l l y up on th
a h th m it o
f th A tto n y O n al p titi n b ut
p a up on o
m ntion d t hni al g oun d f d i mi al
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4
S YN OP S I S
Rep orter
When asked whether or not she knew S usan Warren
to b e a Communis t Miss Russell chose to avail herself of the fifth
amendmen t ) riv il eg e;
Also calle dto the attention O f Miss Russell was the reprin t by the
”
—
Far East Rep orter of an article titled India an d China a Contrast
fir st app earing in the N ew World Review an O fficially cited Communis t
publication This article w as writ ten by Helen Travis an identified
Communis t Par ty memb er most recen tly revealed in hearings b efore
this commit tee as the secre tary of the L O S Angeles b ranch O f the
M edical Aid to Cub a Committee which was the subj ec t O f the com
mittee s initial investigation in relation to proposed amendmen t s to
the Foreign Agen t s R egistration Act When asked whether she kne w
Helen Travis as a m ember O f the Communist Party Miss Russell
denied knowing her as such although S he stated that she had kno wn
“
”
Helen Travis a little over a year 2 years
W h en ques tioned whe ther she Miss Russell was now or had ever
been a mem b er of the Communis t Party she in v oked the fift h amend
men t privile g e Mis s Russell also claimed the fif th amendmen t
privilege in refusing to affirm or deny the testimony O f Arm ando
“
Penha an FBI undercover O perative tha t she was on the national
leve Of the Communis t Par ty
Wh en asked from whom she had O b tained the S lides O f life in Com
munist China which S he had displayed durin g a recen t talk in B al ti
more M aryland she invoked the fifth amendmen t b ut specifically
denied Ob tainin g them from Edwin S S mith O f New Y ork City
who is registered under the Foreign Agent s R egistration Ac t as an
ag en t of the China Pho to S erv ice O f Pekin g C hin a a prop aganda
agen cy of the R ed Chinese G overnmen t
When sked whe ther during her visi t to Red China in 19 59 she had
wi th any O fficials O f th at governmen t and h ad agreed to
conferr e
Miss
s erve as a prop agandis t for Red Chin a in the U nited S tates
Ru ssell again invoked the fi fth amendmen t When asked whether
S he had received any compens ation from the Chinese Communis t
G overnmen t or its representatives for her prop agand a effort S , she
“
”
de clared th at S he received no co mpensation of any kind
B ut
wh en asked whe ther she w as a guest O f the Red Chinese G o vernmen t
dur ing her 1 95 9 visit she invoked the fifth amendment And when
a sked whe ther or not the Chinese G overnmen t h ad p aid all of her
expenses of travel and visitation and whe ther this w as no t a form of
compensatio n for past prO p ag anda assistance and any th a t she might
give in the future she again claimed the fifth amendmen t privilege
She decl ared that She has never registered a”s an agent of Red China
and w as no t actin g for a foreign principal
Al thou gh M aud Ru ssell has for years p araded as an au thori ty on
China has b een billed as a noted S p eaker O n the Far East and told
the commi ttee tha t R ed China sho ul d have nuclear weapons S he
rep e atedly refused to an swer commi ttee que stion s concerning the
di spu te b e tween R ed China and the S ovie t Union in regard to b a sic
Communi st policy toward the U nited S tates and the res t O f the non
—
m
Com unist world que stion s which as one committee memb er
“
su g ges ted would involve
the secur i ty and p o ssibly the survival of
”
the U ni ted S ta te s
(The Communi st Par ty U SA is b ackin g the S ovie t Communist
Par ty in its widely publicized arguments with the Chinese p ar tyfov er
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5
S YN OP S S
methods which should b e employed by the international Communist
movement in pursui t O f a world Communist empire The Chinese
Communists who are urging more militant and revolutionary tactics
by the world s Communists have been accused by S oviet Com
munists O f lacking faith in any vic tory for communism without armed
struggle and O f ignoring the consequences O f modern war and the use
O f nuclear wea ons )
Miss Russe invoked the fifth amendment m response to one q ues
tion on this subj ect and in response to o thers said S he did not wan t
to get into a discussion O f this theoretical thing
this is a
whole new field O f relationships b etween the Communist p arties an d
I don t wan t to g et into that question
S he stated that she had
b een studying the S in e—S oviet differences but did not have full
knowledge and understanding O f the subj ect
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US
.
N
N
N
COMMU IST PARTY ASS ISTA CE TO FOREIG
COMMU IS T GOVER ME TS
.
N
N
N
( Testimony of Maud Russell )
W ED N E S DA Y
U N I T ED S T A T E S H O U S E
C O MM I T T E E
E!
EC
M A R CH
,
6,
1963
R E P R E S E N TA T IV E S
S U B C O MM I T T E E O F T H E
O N U N A M E R I CA N A C T IVI T I E S
OF
,
-
U T IV E
I
S ES S O N
Washington
,
1
,
DC
.
The sub committee Of the Commi ttee On U n American Activities
met p ursuant to call at
C annon House
a m in Room 4 4 5
O ffice B uilding Washington D C Hon Clyde D oyle ( chairman O f
the sub committee ) presiding
S u b committee members : Representatives Clyde D oyle Of Cali
fornia ; Edwin E Willis O f L ouisiana ; and August E Johansen Of
Michigan
Committee members present : Representatives Clyde D oyle O f
California ; Joe R Pool of Texas ; August E Johansen Of Michigan ;
D onald C B ruce O f Indian a ; Henry C S chade b erg O f Wisconsin ; and
John M Ash b rook O f O hio
S taff mem b ers present : Fran cis J M cN amar a director ; Frank S
Tavenner Jr general counsel ; Alfred M N ittl e counsel ; and William
M arg etich in vestigator
Mr D O Y L E The committee will come to order please
Are you ready Mr N ittl e?
Mr N I TT L E Yes sir
Mr D O Y L E Are you ready Mr R ein as counsel ?
Mr R E I N Y es
Mr D O Y L E Will the witness please come forward and b e sworn ?
Will you please raise your right hand
D o you solemnly S wear you will tell the tr uth the whole truth
and no thing b ut the truth so help you G od ?
Miss R U S S E LL I do
Mr D O Y L E Thank you
I have an O p ening statemen t I will read
L et the record show that this is a hearing conducted by the sub
committee consisting O i myself the chairman ; Mr Johansen of
Michigan ; an d Mr Will is O f L ouisiana Mr Wil lis is the O nly one
absen t Therefore a quorum O f the sub committee is present
And this morning also S itting with us are Committee members
S chadeb erg B ruce Ashbrook and Pool We are glad to have you
gentlemen with us
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R e eased b y the committee and ord ered to b e p rinted
.
AS S I S T AN CE
8
To
F OREI GN
G OVERNM EN T S
I
C OMM U N S T
I will proceed to read this O pening s tatement
O n M arch 5 19 6 3 the Commi ttee O n U n-American Activities
met and duly adop ted the followin g resolu tion :
W H E R EA S at a dul y h el d meet ing Of the Committ ee on U n A merican A ct iv it ies
h eld in ex ecu t iv e s ess ion on A u g u st 2 19 6 2 a r es olu tion w as u nanimou sl y a d op t ed
d irec t ing t hat h earing s b y t he Committ ee on U n A merican A ct iv ities or a s u b
c ommitt ee t h ereof
b e h el d on s u c h d at e or d at es as t he C h air man may d esig
nat e r el at ing t o p rop a g a nd a a ct iv ities O f memb ers and a ffi l iat es of the Com
nunist Party of the U nit ed S tat es for c ertain l eg isl ativ e p u rp os es t h er ein set
;ort h ; and
W H E R EA S it is the d esire and int ent ion O f the Committ ee on U mA merican
A ct iv ities t hat said h earing s w h ic h w ere not compl eted du ring the 2 d S ession
O f t he 8 7 th C ong r ess p ro ceed ( and cont inu e du ring t he 8 8 th C ong ress
N O W T H E R EF O R E B E IT R ES O LV E D t hat the h earing s h eret ofore
a u t h oriz ed b y resolu t ion on A u g u st 2 19 6 2 b e continu ed and h eld by the Com
mittee on U mA merican A ctiv ities or a s ub committ ee t h ereof in Was h ing ton
D C or at s u c h ot h er pl a ce or pl a ces asl t he Ch air man may d eter mine on s u c h
dat e or d at es as t he C hairman may d esig nat e rel ating to the same s u bj ect and
for t he same l eg is l at iv e pu rp oses as set f ort h in said r esolu tion of A u g u st 2 1 96 2
BE I T F U R T H E R R ES O L V E D t hat the h earing s may includ e any ot h er
matt er wit h in the j u ris d ict ion of the Committ ee w h ic h it or any s u b committ ee
t h ereof app oint ed to condu ct t h es e h earings may d esig nat e
The resolution O f August 2 1962 to which I previously referred
was adop ted in the precedin g Congress which I now read :
B E I T R ES O LV ED
t hat h earings by the Committ ee on U n A merican
A ct iv it ies or a s ub committ ee t h ereof b e h eld in W as hing t on D C or at s u c h
ot h er pl a ce or pl a ces as t he C h airman may d et ermine on s u c h d at e or d at es as
t he C hairman may d es ig nat e r el at ing to p rop a g and a a ct iv it ies O f memb ers and
affi l iat es O f the Communist Party O f the U nit ed S tat es for the f oll owing l eg isl ativ e
p ur ) O S es :
l l Consid erat ion of t he a d v isa b il it y of a mend ing T itl e 2 2 U S O 6 1 1 ( c) by
”
A g ent O f a F oreig n Princ ipal so as to re
ex t en d ing t he d efi nit ion of the t er m
II O e ar y d oub t as t o w h at S h ould b e the tr u e t est O f a g enc y w it hin th e meanin g
l is l i
tY
ct
0E
2 T he ex ecu t ion b y the a d ministrat iv e ag enc ies c oncerned of the F oreig n
A g ents R eg istration Ac t and all ot her laws the sub j ect matter of wh ic h is wit h in
t he j u risd ic t ion O f t h is C ommitt ee t he l eg isl ativ e pu rp ose b eing t o ex ercise c on
t inuous wat c hful ness O f the ex ec u tion O f t h ese l aws t o assist t he Cong r ess in
app raising t he ad minist rat ion O f s u c h la ws and in d evel op ing s u c h a mend ments
or r el ated l eg isl ation as it may d eem necessar y
BE I T F U R T H E R R ES O L V E D t h at the h ear ing s may includ e any ot h er
matter w ith in the j u risd iction O f the Committee w h ic h it or any su b committ ee
t hereof ap p ointed to cond u ct t h ese h earing s may d esig nate
I now O ffer for the record the order O f appointment by the Com
mittee Chairman Francis E Wal ter O f the subcommit tee which m ee ts
tod ay for the purpose O f continuing the hearin g s upon the subj ect s
and for the legislative purposes set forth in the aforesaid resolution
O f Au g us t 2
1 962 confirmed by the resolution O f M arch 5 1 96 3 :
F ebru ary 2 6 19 6 3
T o : F rancis J M c N amara D irector
Committee on U n A mer ican A ct iv it ies
Pu rsu ant to the p ro v isions O f the l aw and the rul es O f t h is C ommitt ee I h ereby
mmittec of t he C ommitt ee on U h A mer ican A ctiv ities c onsisting
app oint a suc
O f t he H onorabl e Cl yd e D oy l e as C ha ir ma n and t he H onora b l e Ed win E W ill is
and the H onorabl e A u g u st E J O h a us en as ass oc iat e memb ers t o c ondu ct a h ear
ing in W as h ing t on D C
on
Marc h 6 1 9 6 3 at
e m
on W ed nes da y
sub j ects u nd er inv est igation b y the Committee and tak e s u c h t estimony O n said
d a y or su cceed ing days as it may d eem necessary
Pl eas e ma k e t h is act ion a matter O f Committee rec ord
If any M emb er ind ic at es his ina b il it y to s er v e pl ease notif y me
G iv en u nd er my h and t h is 2 6 th da y Of F eb ru ary 19 6 3
( S ) F rancis E W al ter
FR A N C I S E WA LT ER
Ch airman Committ ee on U n A merica n A ctivit ies
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A S S I S TAN CE
F OREI GN
TO
G OVERNM EN T S
I
COMM U N S T
9
I say to Miss M aud Russell who has been subpenaed as a witness
in this hearing and to her counsel that this hearin g is a continuation
1 9 6 2 relating to the neces
O f hearings commenced on November 14
sity for or advisability O f recommending amendments to the Forei g n
Agents R egistration A c t of 1 938 for its effective O peration in carrying
out the in tent O f Congress as set forth in the A c t
The initial hearings involved two organiz ations titled the Medical
”
Aid to Cub a Committee and the Friends of B ritish G uiana
Tod ay our inqu iry will relate to prop agand a activities O f identified
members and affil iates O f the Communis t Party in the publication
of the Far East Rep orter and the conduct by such persons O f activities
in suppor t O f the Chinese Communist G overnm en t
Are you ready Counsel , to proceed ?
Mr N IT T L E Yes S ir
Mr D O Y L E And witness and counsel are ready ?
Mr R E I N Well I would like to state for the record that — perhaps
it w as an inadvertence— I had inquir ed earlier O f Mr Tavenner as to
what the subj ect O f inquiry w as O f this p articular investigation and
Mr Tavenner directed me to a specific matter of the testimony O f
Huang an d we were under the impression tha t the subj ect inquir y
was limited to tha t and we had not b een informed that the subj ect
under inquir y w as O f the nature which you have now described
I am sure Mr Tavenn er didn t mean to mislead me b ut tha t is
the actual fact
Mr T A V E N N E R I indicated to counsel Mr Chairman that Mis s
Russ ell was called pur suant to the matters tha t had arisen during
the questioning of the witness the Chinese W itness and sen t him a
copy of it so he would know what matters had been inquired into
I did n ot S pel l out or attemp t to sp e ll O ut the le gislative pur poses
b ecause I did not think that w as any busin es s of the witness
Mr D O Y L E Well we will proceed then Proceed Co unsel please
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TES TIMONY OF
MAUD
,
.
,
RUSS ELL , ACCOMPAINED BY COUNS EL ,
DAVID REIN
Mr N IT T L E Woul d you state your full name and residence for
the record please ?
Miss RU S S E LL M aud Russell 552 Riverside D rive New Y ork
Cit
fr N ITT L E Are you represen ted by Counsel ?
Miss R U S S E LL I am
Mr N IT T L E Would Counsel please identify h imself for the record
s tatin g his name and O ffice address ?
MI I EI N D avid Rein R e i—n 7 1 1 14 th S treet N W Washin g
ton b é
Mr N I TT L E Miss Russell you were b orn in Rus sell City Calif
were you not?
Miss RU S S E LL N O
Mr N IT T L E Where were you b orn ?
Miss R U S S E LL Hayward Calif
Mr N IT T L E In Alameda County ?
Miss R U S S E LL That is right
Mr N ITT L E Russell City was the b ir thplace O f your f ather is
that correc t?
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AS S I S TAN CE
10
F OREI GN
TO
COMM U N I S T
G OVERN M EN T S
Mis s R U S S E LL Yes
Mr N I T T L E Are you now a ci tizen of the United S tates ?
Miss R U S S E LL I am
Mr N IT TL E Wo ul d you relate the e xtent O f yo ur formal education ?
Mis s Russell Well I wen t thr ough grammar and high school
graduated from the U niversity O f California 1 9 1 5 studied I n England
t ook my Master S D egree at Columbia
Mr N ITT L E What 1s yo ur present O ccupation ?
Miss R U S S E LL Public speaker and publ isher
Mr N IT T L E Miss Rus sell in May 1 9 62 the committee received
testimony from a young man n amed C h i Ch ou Hu ang
Mis s R U S S E LL Hu an g
Mr N ITT L E T h ank you for the correc tion in pronunciation
Miss R U S S E LL We might as well have it correct
M r N ITT L E I understand you spe ak C h ines e fluently ?
Miss R U S S E LL Wel l I would le ave out the l ast word
Mr N ITT L E Mr Huang had defected from Red China a short time
e arlier In his appe arance before the commi ttee h e testified that in
1 94 5 h e receive d a scholarship from t h e Yunn an Provincial G o v ern
men t then O f Nationalis t Chin a for study i n the United S tates
In S eptember O f 1 94 5 he enrolled i n Johns Hopkins University
and t h en transferred t o the University O f Maryland w h ere h e rem ain ed
from 1 94 6 until 1 94 9
Wh ile at the latter university he decided to g o to Communist
Chin a that is to s ay the area then controlled by the Communist
revolutionary forces wh ich were in rebellion against the Nationalist
G overnment
se Of reaching Communist Chin a Mr Huang
For the purp o
testified that he sought in Washington
D C the assistance and
g
advice of D r Frederick A B lossom an employee O f the L ibrary O f
Congress whom Mr Huang met while attending a lec ture by S cott
Nearing a former memb er O f the Commun is t Party
Mr Huang fur ther testified that D r B lossom suggested that you
M aud Russell could p erhaps help get him to Red Chin a and that
D r B lossom in fact did set up a conference in his O ffice for you and
Mr Huang to discuss the matter
Mr Huang testified that you gave him instructions to contact the
Chinese newsp aper the Hua S hang P ao that is the Chinese Com
mercial Daily in Hong Kong a B ritish crown colony on the border O f
Chin a prop er where he would receive information that would put
him in contact with C omm unist Chin a
D O you recall meeting with Mr Huang at the O ffices of D r Fred
erick A B lossom I n Washington at that time ?
Miss R U S S E LL Well after I read that hearing material that you
gave my counsel I remember it It had completely p assed out of my
mind That happened in 1 94 8
Then I rememb ered that I did meet with a Chinese student for
about well maybe half an ho ur That is true but I had completely
forgotten about it until I read this transcrip t of your hearing with
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Mr N I TT L E Miss Russell I han d you a photograph of Mr Huang
marked for identification as Russell Exhibit N O 1 which w as taken
abou t the time O f your meeting with him and whil e he was i n attend
ance at the university
Mi ss RU S S E LL Yes
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A S S I S TAN CE
12
F OREI GN
To
G OV ERN M EN T S
I
COMM U N S T
Miss R U S S E LL I said I had no connections whatever that would
help him to return to Chin a I am pretty sure I said this but that
if he wen t to Hong Kong there are many newsp apers there and
from them he could get information abou t travel into China
Mr N IT T L E Mr Huang testified that you referred him to a specific
newsp aper
Miss R U S S E LL Yes
—
Mr N I T T L E ih Hong K ong not to any newspaper but to a
specific newspaper and he stated that you mentioned particularly
the Hna S hang P ao which translated m eans th e Chinese Commercial
Isn t that right ?
Daily
Miss R U S S E LL That is right Chin ese business or Chinese com
mercial reporter
Mr N IT T L E Well did you S pecifically refer him to the Chinese
Commercial D aily in Hong Kong ?
Miss R U S S E LL I don t think I did because I did no t know Hong
Kong newspapers I had no t been in Hong Kong but very briefly
I kn ew the newspap ers on the mainland I don t think that I did
but I can t swear that I did because I don t recollect I don t think
I knew that newspaper
Mr N I T T L E D uring the p ast 1 0 years how many times have you
been in Hong Kong ?
Miss R U S S E LL N 0 times
Mr N IT T L E I though t you stated tha t you had been in Hong
K ong briefly at one time ?
Miss R U S S E LL I was in Hong Kong in 1938 briefly
Mr N I TT L E Mr Huang testified that he obtained passage to Hong
K ong went to the address O f the Chinese Commercial Daily and then
discussed his desire to go to Red China with an individual name d
Fan Chien ya who after some delay arranged passage for Mr Huang
by vessel to Tientsin in North China then under the domination O f
the Communist revolutionaries
D id you know Fan Chien ya?
Miss RU S S E LL N ever heard O f him D idn t know him
Mr N I T T L E D id you know any p erson connected with the Chinese
Commercial Daily
Mis s RU S S E LL N O ; I did not
—
Mr N I T T L E who wo ul d give Mr Huang assistance in gett ing to
Chinese Communist territory ?
Miss RU S S E LL I did not
Mr N I T T L E Is this newsp aper still being published in Hong Kong ?
Miss RU S S E LL I don t know I don t know the Hong Kong papers
I read the Chinese papers because places
Y ou see I w as in China
where I w as there were no English papers In Hong Kong there
were English papers so I didn t need to read the Chinese papers
I wasn t acquainted with Chinese pap ers in Hong Kong I w as on
the Mainl and because there I had to dep end upon them for the news
Mr N I TT L E N ow you have however V isited China over an ex
tend ed period O i time
Miss RU S S E LL I w as there 2 6 years
Mr N I TT L E And you were last there in the year 19 5 9 were you
not ?
Miss RU S S E LL I w as
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A S S I S T AN C E
TO
F O RE I G N
CO M M
U N I S T G OV ERN M EN T S
13
Mr N IT T L E D uri ng your v isits to Chin a did you receive informa
tion from any p erson there with respect to the Chinese Commercial
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D aily?
Miss RU S S E LL N O I did not
Mr N IT T L E Have you assisted any other individuals besi des
Chi —Chou Huang in getting to Communist Chin a ?
Mr R E I N I O bj ect S he hasn t said t hat she assisted anybody
I think it is unfair to put a question whi ch assumes something which
she hasn t testified to Mr Chairman
Mr N I T T ER You did did you no t Miss Russell advise Mr Hua ng
to C on tact the Chinese Commercial Dail y in Hong Kong ?
Miss RU S S E LL I told him that if he wen t to Hong Kong he could
g et information and probably from n ewspapers
Mr N I T T L E N ow did you give such advice to any other person
besides Chi Chou Huang ?
Miss R U S S E LL I did not
Mr N I TT L E Could you tell us in what way Dr B lossom acquired
kn owledge or information of your possible status as an American
con tact for what I might call the Chinese Communist un derground ?
( Witness conferred with counsel )
Miss RU S S E LL I am going to take the fifth amendmen t on that
(Witness conferred wi th counsel )
Mr N I T T L E D O you take the fifth amendmen t with respect to the
self incrimin ation clause because you believe that a truthful answer
to that question might incrimin ate you ?
(Witness conferred with counsel )
Mr J O H A N S E N Mr Cha irman will counsel rep eat that question
concerning Dr B lossom ? I couldn t quite hear i t
Mr N I T T L E I am sorry Mr Johansen M ay I ask the reporter
to read it S O that it wil l b e given to you exactly ?
Mr D O Y L E An d will the reporter also read the answer that the
witness gave ?
(The reporter read the question and answer as requested )
M iss R U S S E LL Y es I will change my test imony I don t th ink
Mr B lossom could have any such information because I w as not a
contact
Mr J O H A N S E N You were not a contact with whom or for whom ?
Miss R U S S E LL O n the implications O f his question
Mr R EI N With the Communist under gro un d in China as is his
s tatement
Mr J O HA N S E N I am not asking counsel I am asking the witness
Miss RU S S E LL Would you repeat the question then please ?
(The reporter read the question O f counsel )
Mr N I T T L E What is your answer ?
Miss RU S S ELL What is the question again ? I have lost it
(The reporter read the question as foll ows : You were not a con
t act with whom Or for
Miss RU S S E LL I w as not a cont act to quote that O f Communist
undergroun d
Mr J O H A N S E N Thank you I j ust wanted to clarify the answer in
relation to the earlier question
Miss RU S S E LL Yes
Mr D O Y L E I might suggest that it is hard to hear up here I t
may b e that the fan of the air conditioner or whatever it is makes a
contin uous noise her e and we c an t he ar very well up here ;
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A S S I S TAN CE
14
F OREI GN
TO
G O V ERN M EN T S
I
C OM M U N S T
Therefore if you could S peak a little louder I would appreciate it
Mr N IT T L E You state that D r B lossom could not have tha t
knowledge becau se you did not tell him Is tha t right ?
Miss R U S S E LL B ecause I did not have tha t con tact
Mr N IT T L E D O you have contacts O f any kind in Hong K on g ?
Miss RU S S E LL N O I do not
Mr N IT T L E That is to say with persons known to you to be
members O f the Communist Par ty ?
Miss RU S S E LL I do not
Mr N IT T L E You have contacts in the United S tates with p ersons
k nown to you to have contact s with Chine s e Communi s ts ?
Miss RU S S E LL I will take the fifth amendment on tha t
Mr N IT T L E Mis s Russell you have lectured extensively in thi s
coun try on the subj ec t of Communis t China Y ou have been doing
this for years
The committee has prepared a memo summarizing some but not
all O f your speaking itin erary durin g the pas t 2 years or S O I hand
you a copy O f the i tin erary marked for identification as Russell
Exhibi t N 0 2 which read s as follows :
I T I N E R A R Y O F M A U D R U SS ELL
( R ussell Ex h ibit N O 2 )
N A T I O N A L G U A R D I A N F eb r u ar y 20 1 9 6 1 p a g e 1 1 :
Far East R ep ort er p res ents 1 960 fil m of P r ime Minist er C h ou Eu—L ai
I nt er v iew in P eking wit h F elix Greene B rit corres Al so col or ed slid es
tak en in 59
6 0 by Ma u d R ussell and friend s
S un Feb 2 6
PM
A d elph i H all 7 4 5 Av e [ 14th St ] Ad m
[ N ew Yor k Cit y ]
N A T I O N A L G U A R D I A N A p ril 1 7 196 1 p a g e 1 1 :
Mau d R ussell Ch icago Ar ea S p eak ing d at es— May 2 7 to J u ne 1 2 Mak e
arrangements wit h D orot h y H a y es 137 6 E 5 3rd S t P h one P la z a 2— 2 949
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Ma u d R ussell annu al S p ea k ing t ou r S eatt l e and Washingt on dat es S ep t
1— 1 4
Arrange wit h MariOn Kinney 2 10 2 9th E
P h one : East 4—890 4
P EO P L E S W O R L D A u g ust 2 6 19 6 1 p a g e 1 1 :
”
In the Wh at s O n c olu mn u nd er the h ea d ing S EA TT L E :
P eopl e s Ch ina T od ay — Ma u d R ussell Y W C A wor k er in C h ina for 2 6
y ears ; publish er Far East R ep ort er R ecent v isit or to N ew China S at
S ep t 9 Masonic T empl e H ar v ard Av e
E P ine St
P M
F il m
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p ensioners st u d ents
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Maud R ussell s
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3r i
Write :
1
745
CI ;
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ual sp ea king t ou r N ort h ern Cal if area Sep t 7 t o
R ussell c/ O T h omp s on 363 L ester St Oa kl and P h one
ann
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Maud R ussell a nnu al S p ea k ing tou r in
r ang er ents w it h D r
J C Col eman
gs 1—1p
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A ngel es— Maud R ussell
L O S A ng el es area , O ct 9—3 1
5 6 2 3 C l eon, N H oll y wood
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Mak e
P h one
w or ld tra v el er and l ect u rer , will sp ea k Sat u r
da y , O ct 2 1 , 8 p m at the B rown H ouse, 2 103 S H ar v ar d bl v d
S he will S p ea k on C h ina , w h ere she S p ent 2 6 y ears as a Y W C A w or k er,
”
l ea v ing in 194 7 S he ret u rned t o C hina in 1959 for a t hree mont h v isit ’
T he f oll owing concerning t he a b o v e l ect u re app eared in the P E O P L E S
L os
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u d y
to S n a
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C h ina , inclu di ng a fi l med int er v iew O f
P remier C h ou En L ai, will b e sh own by Ma ud R ussell , edit or of the Far
East R ep ort er , at a meet ing at 3 p m S u nda y at the B rown H ouse, 2 10 3
S H arvar d bl v d
“
L OS
A ngel es
—
Latest mo v ies
on
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AS S I S TAN CE
FORE I GN
TO
COMM U N I S T
G OVERNM EN T S
15
T h er e will al so b e sl id es t ak en in 1 960 and 1 9 6 1 , s h owing the C h inese
p eopl e at work and at pl ay T he C h o u En” L ai int er v iew w as O b tained by
F el ix G reene, aut h or of A wa k ened C h ina, w ho put 12 q u est ions b efore
t he P remier
’
“
M iss R u ssell s l ect u re w as originall y s ch edul ed for Sat u rd a y nig h t
S O C I AL Q U ES T I O N S B U L L ET I N , N o v emb er 1 9 6 1 , p 60 ( publ ish ed by the
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Met h od ist F ed eration for S o c ial A ction)
S ep t 2 4 M aud R ussell a dd ressed our O r egon C h a t er in P ortl and on her
p
”
imp ressions g ained in her 1 0 COO mil e t rip i n C h ina
p age 1 1 :
N A T I O N A L G U A R D I A N J u ne
P h ilad elph ia— P ubl ic inv ited — H ear Far East R ep orter M aud R u ssell
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sp ent 2 6 y ears in C h ina as Y W C A rep resentativ e) sp eak on Peopl e s
F rid ay Ev e J u ne 1 5 8 P M D onation
C h ina T od a y
A usp ices : Prog ressiv e L ab or Ma g az ine
1 4 2 8 N B road S t Ph il ad elph ia
PE O P L E S W O R L D A u g u s t 4 1 96 2 p ag e 1 1 : ( S an F ranc is c o ed ition)
”
F rom t he What s O n c ol u mn w it h a S eattl e d at el ine : Maud R u ssell
R es er v ations for s p eak ing t h ro u g h
S eatt l e area s c h ed ul e A u g 2 8 S ep t 9
M arion Kinney 2 1 0 East 2 9 th S treet S eat tl e T el E A 4 — 8 90 4
[ T he
a b o v e inf ormat ion al s o app ea rs in the P E O P L E S W O R L D
A u g ust 1 8
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M a ud R u ssell
A ng el es
L OS
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Far Eas t
R ep orter
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S ou th ern C al if ornia
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b er 3 1 st
2 3 C l eon
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l ease
Av enu e
P
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Jan u ary
somet h ing new
T he O p en F or u m of M ary l and in v it es you to
’
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re
T H E N E W C H I N A , v ia a f as c inating c ol or-S l id e
Exp l O
M A U D R U SS E L L , not ed s p ea k er on t he Far East
l ec t u re b y
.
W
tn
ess
conferred
with
counsel
i
)
(
A s a Y W C A w ork er M iss R ussell a Cal if ornian l iv ed and t ra v el ed
L iv ing in many maj or cities she w as c l os e
2 6 y ears in C h ina [ 1 9 1 7
H er ! u ent C h ines e ena b l ed
t o s t ud ent l a b or and w omen s mo v ement s
h er t o l earn a b ou t t he A sian p eopl es eff orts t o r id t h ems el v es O f f eud al is m
For 3 mont h s in 1 95 9 sh e r et u r ned t o t ra v el s ome
and c ol onia l is m
mil es t h rou g h u rb a n and r u ral C h ina P ubl is h es t h e Far East R ep orter
H er c ol or sl id es are f rom 1 9 5 9— 62 inc lusiv e
F r id ay J an 2 5
P M [ 1963] at t h e C oll eg e C lub 6 0 1 W 4 0 th S t
B al timore
B ring the entir e f amil y for a d el ig h tful and enl ig h tening
H ear first h a nd fa cts a b ou t the new C h ina f rom one w ho l ong
ev ening
k new t he O l d too Ask q u estions and d is c uss
S t ud ent s
A d mission
Mr N I T T L E Miss Russell would you please inform the co mmittee
1f that is an accurate accoun t O f yo ur itinerary ?
Miss R U S S E LL I t is an accurate account
Mr N IT T L E The p ub hc sources O f I nform at i on so me O f wh i ch are
listed in that itinerary indicate that on all these occasions you spoke
Is this not tr ue ?
on th e subj ect O f Red China
Miss R U S S E LL 1 9 6 1 and 1 9 6 2 I think so I think so
Mr N IT T L E Is it not also true Miss Russell that your talks
promo ted praised and supported the R ed Chinese regime ?
Miss R U S S E LL I was telling the facts abou t China as I saw them
Mr N I TT L E The question Miss Russell is whether or no t your
talks promote d praised and s upported the Red Chinese regime
(Witness conferred with counsel )
Miss R U S S E LL I was reporting the facts as I was reading them in
the p ress and as I knew t hem from Chin a
Mr N IT T L E I say and rep eat the question whether or not it isn t
a fact tha t in your talks you promoted praised and supported the
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A S S I S TAN CE
16
TO
F ORE I GN
G OV ERNM EN T S
I
COM M U N S T
Red Chinese regime Now will you please answer tha t question
yes or no ?
Miss R U S S E LL I reported the facts and I thought the facts wer e
good
Mr N ITT L E Whether these facts were good or not you did pro
mote praise and supp ort the Red Chin ese regime ?
Miss R U S S E LL If p eople wanted to praise China on the basis of
the facts I presented O K I w as presenting facts I th ink the
American p eople should have some facts abo ut Chin a
Mr J O H A N S E N Were thes e facts favorable to Red China ?
Miss R U S S E LL They were favorable to China That is true
Mr N IT T L E Miss Russell I believe in your resp onse you indicated
that you were giving the facts as you allegedly derived them from
certain public accounts ?
Miss R U S S E LL That is right
Mr N IT T L E And by that are you referring to such newsp apers
as the N ew York Times ?
Miss R U S S E LL N ew York Times N ew York Heral d—Tribune Wall
S treet J ournal Christian S cience M onitor and other papers that I
read throughout the country and some B ritish publications some
Canadian publications
I think practically every single fact I presen ted came from Am erican
or Canadian or Europ ean sources V ery good magazines on China
I will recomm end to you A tlas N ew M agazine the N ational Observ
These are facts from the American press
er I also use a great deal
and I am very careful because I want to show p eople tha t even in
our Am erican press there are S ources of information abou t China
Mr N I T T L E D id you accu r ately reflect the newspap er accounts
which app eared in those non Communis t publications ?
Miss RU S S E LL These were facts that were presented in the paper
yes and some times with very favorable commen ts by the pap er
ltseif
B u t these w ere facts that I get from our press that
Mr N I TT L E D O you mean to say by what you have j us t said
that you rep orted only the favorable comments from the American
press ?
Miss R U S S E LL I repor ted the facts that I thought help ed p eople
understand the new China O f course the
Mr N IT T L E What did you do abou t the unfavorable comments
in the American press ?
Miss R U S S E LL I did no t rep ort those excep t when I w as report
ing on criticisms within China of mistakes in China and failures in
China
O ur press sometimes reported that ; I reported that too to S how
that there is evaluation and criticism in China too ; and I O ften
pointed ou t this : That many places where our press criticizes China
they have taken it d irectly from the Chinese press which I also see
every day O f my life
This is a very interest ing fact that these things tha t are against
China you know they are not something souped up by some American
correspondents they are coming from the Chinese press criticisms
This is in our press
O f China failures in C hina weakness in China
Mr N I T TL E Well now what you have said Miss Russell is very
interesting and I would also like to state a matter which appears
equally interesting
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A S S I S T AN C E
F OR E I G N
TO
I
CO MM U N S T
G OV ERN M EN T S
A ccording
17
to the testimony O f Anita B ell S c hneider a former
under cover O perative for the FBI you told her that you received
directions from Mao Tse tung
O n June 2 7 1 9 5 5 she testified under o ath b efore this committee
that S he served as an undercover O perative for the FBI dur ing the
years 1 95 1 to 1 9 54 and that leaders of the C hinese Communis t Party
were reaching down in to the C alifornia Communist Par ty and telling
them what they shoul d do
Mrs S chn eider fur ther s tated that on the occasion O f your speaking
at the S an D iego Peace Forum she received information from you
that M ao Tse tung the Chinese Communist leader had given you
instructions that the b est weapons to use a g ainst the Americans are
their ow n publications taken out O f context
(Witness conferred with counsel )
Mr N I T TL E Was Anita B ell S chneider tellin g the truth ab out
that conversation wi th you which I have j us t related ?
Miss R U S S E LL I was telling p eople like the p eople who were
arranging meetings S he arrange d this p eace meeting at the Unitarian
Church there and I w as telling audiences : R ead the American press
b ecause in the American press you do find facts
N O w she distorted it there I didn t need anybody in China to tell
me to read the American press S he said that M ao T s e tung told
Miss Russell to read the N ew York Times What a crazy thing !
S illiness
An d you b elieve that
I was tell ing audience after audien ce : Read the American press
”
There are facts there L ook for them you can find them
I didn t need anybody to tell me to read the N ew York Times or any
American press
Mr N ITT L E D id you believe An ita B ell S chneider to be a member
O f the Communist Party when you had this discussion ?
Miss RU S S E LL S he w as a peace worker I had met her as a peace
worker and she arranged this meeting at the Unitarian Church
Mr N ITT L E You kn ew her as a peace worker ?
Miss RU S S E LL Tha t is right
M r N IT T L E B ut did you also know her as an alleged member O f
the Communist Party ?
Miss R U S S E LL I did not I met her that one day and that is the
only time I saw her
Mr J O H A N S E N Now Mr Counsel may we retur n to the question
I do not think she responded fully to your question
you asked her ?
Mr N I TT L E I th ink that is correct Mr JO hansen I will be pleased
to repeat it and I thank you for calling that to my attention
Mr J O H A N S E N And I direct attention particularly to the statement
alleging that she said th at these quo tations S hould b e taken out O f
context
Mr N IT T L E Yes sir
Now I must rep eat this question to you so that we have a specific
answer to the question D id you or did you no t tell Anita B ell
S chneid eI at the S an D iego Peace Forum tha t M ao T se tung had
g i ven you advice or instruct i ons that the b est weapons to use agains t
Americans are their own publications taken out O f context ?
Miss R U S S E LL I did no t
( Witness conferred wi th counsel )
Mr J O H A N S E N D id he make such a statement to you ?
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18
A S S I S TAN CE
F OREI GN
TO
G OVERN M EN T S
I
COMM U N S T
Miss R U S S E LL He did no t
Mr N I T T L E D id yo u ever p ersonally meet Mao T se tung ?
Miss R U S S E LL I didn t meet him personally I w as at one big
mass meeting where he w as present I have seen him p ersonally but
I don t know him indi v idu ally
Mr N IT T L E D id you ever have occasion to talk to Mao Tse —tung ?
Miss R U S S E LL I did no t
Mr N IT T L E Were you present at any gathering or meeting at
which Mao T se tung spoke ?
Miss R U S S E LL N O I was not
Mr N IT T L E Well now you said yo u saw him at some gathering
What kind of gathering did you mean ?
Miss R U S S E LL I t w as a mass m eeting and he was somewhere in
the audience
Mr N IT T L E I am going to ret ur n to the itinerary Who paid
yo ur exp enses in connection with each O f these sp eaking enga g ements ?
Miss RU S S ELL Well I as I say I am a p ublisher and public
S p eaker and every year I m ake this tour sp eaking
I get p aid for
S p eaking
That p ays my traveling exp enses
I am a registered business woman in N ew York City have my
registration number and this is my j oh I go out sp eaking and I get
p aid for sp eaking I also sell my literatur e
Mr D O Y L E M ay I inquire O f the witn ess if M ao Tse tung did no t
make that statemen t to you ?
Miss RU S S E LL Yes
Mr D O Y L E D id any o ther Chinese Communist leader make that
statement to you or substantially that statement ?
Miss R U S S E LL N O absolutely no t I have got a good bra i n O f
my own an d I read the newsp ap ers and I did in China I used to
read the Chinese n ewsp ap ers every day
I early I n hi g h school go t this habit of reading the newsp ap ers and
it I s very useful to m e now I t 1s a long custom I have had
Mr D O Y L E I didn t quite hear you whether or no t you stated
tha t you received p eriodicals from Communist Chin a which you also
rea 1
Miss R U S S E LL M aterial comes in all the time You can buy it in
the stores There are many magazines from China that come in and
I get quite a number O f them that is true I t is available to anybody
Mr D O Y L E I know that
Miss R U S S E LL I don t get anything excep t what is available to the
public excep t I get private letters from p eople you know my friends
that are in China so that I keep in touch
Mr N I T T L E DO your lecture fees and the incom e from the sale O f
your p erio dicals cover all exp enses involved in the course O f your
sp eaking iti nerary ?
Miss RU S S E LL Well I do abou t
or
miles a year
and the travel exp ense for tha t comes to abou t $ 8 0 0 and the fees I
get for sp eaking no t only cover that bu t help m e on the p ublication O f
my magaz i ne too so that the I ncome for the travel i s from the sp eak
ing that I (10 throughou t the country
n N I T T L E Who arranges the sp eaking engagements for you ?
Miss R U S S E LL My subscribers I n each area as you have seen on
this do cument N O 2 that you brought here These are subscribers
in th e areas and they arrange places Where I have a one night
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20
A S S I S TAN CE
F O R E I GN
TO
I
COMM UN S T
G OV ERNM EN T S
Mr N I T T L E D r J C Coleman who arranged your L os Angeles
area sp eaking da tes be tween O ctob er 9 and O ctob er 3 1 1 962 was
iden tified on January 15 195 2 as a m ember O f the Communist Party
by a former FBI O perative in an execu tiv e session b efore this com
mittee
D id you know D r J C Coleman as a Communi st Par ty member ?
Miss RU S S E LL I did no t
Mr N IT TL E DO you know D r J C Coleman ?
Miss R U S S E LL O bviously I do
Mr N IT TL E And how long have you known him?
Mi ss R U S S E LL O h mayb e 6 years 7 year s
Mr N I T T L E O n S ep temb er 2 4 196 1 you addres sed the Portland
O regon Chap ter O f the Methodist Federa tion for S o cial Action
The
In ternal S ecuri ty S ub committee O f the S enate Judiciary Committee in
“
a publication April 2 3 19 5 6 s tated the follo wing abou t it : With an
eye to religiou s groups the Communists have formed religiou s fronts
such as the Methodis t Federation for S ocial A ction
When youspoke at the meeting spon sored by th at group I n Por tland
O regon did you understand that you were speakin g under the spon
sorship O f a Communi s t front or g anization ?
Miss R U S S E LL N 0
Mr N ITT L E D id you at that time know tha t tha t organization had
b een S O de scribed
Mi ss R U S S E LL N O I did not
—
L
Mr N IT T E
b y the S enate sub commit tee ?
Mis s R U S S E LL I did not
Mr N ITT L E Now Miss Russell I do not think that you will deny
th at you are the publisher O f the Far East Rep orter
Mis s R U S S E LL Tha t is O bvious isn t it ?
Mr N I T T L E You have is sued several Oopies of the Far East Rep orter
and distribu ted them at your various lecture tours b ut they all appear
to b e unda ted Is there some explana tion for tha t ?
Miss R U S S E LL I think one O f the rea son s is tha t the ma terial is
valid whatever the date is And if y ou have something tha t is say
wri tten in 1 955 tha t s till has very valuable ma terial p eople are les s
likely to pick it up if it is dated so I emphasize the fac t that the
m aterial is the workab le thing
I get some cri ticism s from some O f my subscribers for tha t b ut that
is my policy has b een my policy
Mr N IT T L E According to the Far East Rep orter you served on
the staff O f the Y oung Women s Christian Asso ciation in Chin a for
2 6 years from 1 9 1 7 to 1 94 3
Is that correct ?
Miss R U S S E LL That is right
Mr N IT T L E Why did you leave the Chinese YWCA in 1 94 3 ?
Miss R U S S E LL Well I wen t to the n ational b oard in China the
Chinese and I s aid L ook I am g etting to be around 5 0 years O ld
”
and tha t is too ol d to live in C hin a
You s ee the responsible memb ers in China of the YWCA they
g et to b e execu tive directors when they are abou t 2 8 and I w as
feeling I w as ge tting too O ld for the China YWCA b ecau se most O f
our staff wi th whom I worked were very youn g and to have to go
around with an O l d l ady I fel t w as a little bit hard on them so this w as
the main re as on
I wen t to the various commi ttees O f the China YWCA and said
I think I ough t to go home b ecause I am ge tting too Old for the
”
Chin a YWCA
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i
A S S I S TAN CE
F OREI GN
TO
G OV ERNM EN T S
COMM U N I S T
21
Mr N IT T L E This w as in the course O f World War II w as it not?
Miss R U S S E LL This w as in 194 3
Mr N IT T L E And at tha t time there w as considerab le activity
b etween the C hi nese Na tionalists and the Chinese Communists for
con trol O f the C hin ese Mainland
IS tha t right ?
ed w i th coun sel )
r
Witnes
confer
s
(
Miss R U S S E LL What year did you say ?
Mr N I T T L E 1 9 4 3
Miss RU S S E LL 1 94 3 There w as a united front
Mr N I TT L E I say this w as in the course Of Worl d War II
Miss R U S S E LL Yes that is right
Mr N ITT L E An d during the period when there was a s truggle for
domin ation O f the Chinese Main lan d ?
Miss R U S S E LL There w as a united fron t be tween the Kuomin
tang an d the Communists at that time
Mr N IT T L E Yes their struggle w as at that time expressed by the
uni ted front
There is no doub t in your min d that the Chinese
Communists were seeking to dominate Chin a in 1 94 3 is there ?
Wil l you answer tha t Miss Russell ?
Miss RU S S E LL Well O f course t hey were attemp ting to over
throw the feudal regime O i Chiang Kai shek There IS n o question
about that That is O b vious
Mr N IT T L E Yes Now did you have some reason other than
the fact that you were 5 0 years Ol d
Mr J O HA N S E N B efore that question if I might interrup t Mr
“
N I ttl e you used the term united fron t in rela tion to e xisting rela
tionship between the two factions
What do you mean or how
would you de fin e tha t term ?
Miss R U S S E LL Yes Earlier in the early l 92 0 s there w as a
united front between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang
Party— th at is Chian g K ai shek s party— then in 1936 or 37 I for
get which ye ar it was— you remember G eneral Chiang K ai shek was
taken pris oner b y his own troops and as a s olution O f that he w as
not e xecuted they worked out this united front between the C om
munists and his p arty because at th at time the enemy Was Japan
and they worked out this united front S O that w as in e xis tence in
1 94 3 the unite d front between the N ationalists and the Communis t
1
forces in C h ina
M i Ru ll s d
mb 1936 and v nt whi h foll ow d it i not
ip tion of th Sian b l l ion of D
q uit accu at W h n C hiang Kai h k h ad of th C hin N ationali t G v nment w a vi iting th
N ationali t t oop whi ch had b n p o t d n a S ian in no thw t C hina to op p o the C hin
C ommuni t
t oop
t d Chiang
on nt at d n that a a a numb
f th N ati nal i t a my ommand rs n th a a a
K ai h k and d mand d that h ag e to end a m d t uggl again t th C hin
tab
C ommuni t and
l i h a oal ition of all g ou t o i t J ap an se ag g on T h e a my eb el w ho had p iou l y tab
l i h d onta t with t h
hin e C ommuni t fo
th y w
assign d to op p ose th n b ought C hin
C ommuni t l ad
n
C hiang fu d to mak any on ession
with C hi ang K ai h k
to Sian fo conf
l a thoug h h x p t d to b ex cut d fo hi fu al
to ob tain hi
Al th ug h the C hin
v d th m
C ommuni t had d id d t o upp o t th Sian in u
tioni t t hey
tl y on
lv wh n di ap p oval f th b llion w a x p
d b y th S oviet Uni n w hi h w as th n
ion
d u ting n gotiation with th N ational i t G v nm nt n t he h p of b taining a S ino S o i t nonagg
f an in
a ingly agg
iv J ap an
C hiang K ai h k w a t h refo
l ased unha m d
p a t in th fa
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ss
sse
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e re e
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ress
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ere
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es
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re erse
s s,
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rres e
re
ese
s rrec
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ese
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e
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resse
e
ese
s
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s
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se
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es
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e
ec e
e
ce O
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s s
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e
ere ces
ese
es
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s
e e
ese
e
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er
ece
e
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es
ers
o
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er O
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ee
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ress
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re re e
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C hinese C ommunist ap p ea s for a cessation of hosti ities ag ainst them and for a
”
“
united ront Of C ommunists and N ationa ists ag ainst the ap anese In d e ense Of his p osition, C hiang
h as stated t hat w hi e he Op p osed ap anese agg ressi on he a so e t the C hinese C ommunists were more inter
munism in C hina than in resisting ap an
ested in p romoting com
T he Sino-S oviet nonag gression p act and the so-ca l ed united ront Of N ationa ists and C ommunists came
D espite this truce,
into b eing on
a ter t he ap anese b eg an all out w ar ag ainst C hina in ul
of 1937
howe er, the C hinese C ommunists continuous
util i ed their mi itar operations in ap anese-occup i ed
C ommunist contro
C hina to b ring addi tiona troop s and e tensi e and areas of C hina und er e cl usi e
T he numb er Of C hinese i ing und er C ommunist ru e grew rom 2 mi ion m 1937 to an a eged 95 mi ion
ona ists
b y the end of the w ar I n View of the g rowing con! i ct b etw een C hinese C ommunists and N ati‘‘
d uring this p eriod , whi ch in o ed man d irect mi itar c ashes b etween t he tw o orces, the wartime united
"
ront
S SR ceased p ro id in g mi itar supp ies t o the
actua
b ecame a d ead etter b y 1941, when t he
C hinese N ationa ist o ernment
and continued t o resist
f
v
l
J
l
lv
v lv
l
G v
ll y
l
J
l fl
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f
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ly
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.
AS S I S TAN CE
22
COMM UN I S T
FOREI GN
TO
G OVERNM EN TS
Mr N I TT L E Were you in fact at that time recall ed to the United
S tates at the direction of any Communist Party function ary ?
Miss R U S S E LL N O I certainly w as not It was my own initiative
I felt I w as too Ol d I went to the various commi ttees and asked if
I could be released from the China Y WCA to come home
Mr N ITT L E After your return to the United S t ates did you in
1 94 5 p articipate in the forma tion O f an organization entitled Com
mittee for a D emocratic Far Eastern Policy ?
Miss R U S S E LL I did not
Mr N I T T L E You say th at you did not ?
Miss R U S S E LL I did not
Mr N IT T L E The Committee for a D emocratic Far Ea stern Policy
was cited as Communis t by Attorney G eneral Tom Clark in 194 9
Committee fil es indicate that you in fact served as the executive
director O f the Committee for a D emocratic Far Eastern Policy D id
you no t serve the organization in that c ap acity ?
Miss RU S S E LL I did
Mr N IT T L E Were you n ot present at the original org anization
meeting O f the Committee for a D emocratic Far Eastern Policy ?
Miss R U S S E LL As I recall I w as not I had n othin g to do with
the beginning of it They called me in l ater as the director
Mr N ITTL E Prior to your being called in as executive direc tor d id
you not have kn owled g e of the fac t tha t thi s organiza tion w as in
formation ?
Miss R U S S E LL I think t h e ini tiative was well st arted b efore I kn ew
anythin g abou t it as I recall I think I was out O f the ci ty Wh at
vear w as th at ?
( Wi tness conferred wi th counsel )
Mr N ITTL E Wh a t w as your an swer ? Have you an swered the
question ?
Mr R E I N I think S he has
Miss R U S S E LL I an swered it ; yes
Mr R E I N I think she said she was n ot involved in the early period
Mr N IT TL E D r M ax Y erg an who admitted his own Communis t
affili ation s tes ti fied un der o ath before the S ena te In tern al S ec urity
S ubcommi ttee th at you attended the fir st m eeting O f the Committee
for a D emocratic Far Eastern Policy which took pl ace in 194 5 at
Frederick Field s home in fur therance of the direc tive from Eugen e
D ennis a member O f the N ation al S ecretaria t of the Communis t
P ar ty giv en to Fr ederick Field to form this org aniz ation D id you
not at t end the first mee ting of the Committee
Mi ss R U S S E LL I did not
Mr N ITT L E — for a D emocratic Far Ea stern Policy ?
Miss R U S S E LL I did not
Mr N ITT L E D O you deny the testimony Of D r Y erg an ?
Miss RU S S E LL I deny it yes
( Witness conferred with counsel )
Mr N I TT L E The Attorney G eneral on April 2 2 1 9 5 3 p etitione d
the S ubversive Activities Control B oard for the purpose Of citing th e
Committee for a D emocratic Far Eastern Policy as a Communist fron t
organization
Is it not a fact that you were a maj or witness during tho s e proceed
ings and that you t estified that organization w as then defunct ?
Miss R U S S E LL Y es
Mr N ITT L E Mr Chairman I think it sho ul d b e a m atter Of record
that subsequently on May 9 1 955 the S ubversive Activities Control
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A S S I S TAN CE
COMM U NI S T
F OREI GN
TO
23
G OVERN M EN TS
B oard issued an O rder of D is missal b ecause the respondent was for
the purposes Of the Act allegedly nonexistent prior to the institution
The Committee for a D emocratic Far E astern
O f the proceedings
Policy reportedly had dissolved on August 1 19 5 2
As a result of this and other proceedings our committee chairman
on January 9 1 96 3 introduced H R 9 5 5 amending the Internal
S ecurity Act which would prevent a termination of proceedings b e
fore the S ubversive Activities B oard b ecause O f a previous dissolution
or reorganization of an organization against which a proceeding had
been brought
Miss Russell w as not the Far East! Rep orter of which you are the
publisher created to fill the void which occurred when the Far East
S p otlight the O fficial publication O f the allegedly defunct Committee
for a D emocratic Far Eastern Policy ceased its existence ?
Miss R U S S E LL I would say no I t w as formed because my interes t
My background w as Chin a— my interests And I wen t
w as China
on doing somethin g that I w as a lready engaged in and I am now doing
I t has nothing to do with tha t former
it as a complete individual
publication
Mr N IT T L E Are no t the policies and the purposes of the Far East
Rep orter substantially the same as those of the Far East S p otlight
namely to advance the cause of Chinese communism ?
Miss RU S S E LL N O
( The witness conferred with counsel )
Mr N I T T L E Miss Russell I hand you a photo s t atic Oopy of a
passport application fil ed in 19 5 9 marked for identification as Russell
Exhibi t N O 3
If you will kindly look at tha t passpor t application
perhaps you will tell the committee whether it is not a true and cor
rect reproduc tion O f a passport application filed by you in 19 59 ?
”
( D ocumen t marked Russell Exhibit NO 3 and retained in C om
mittee fil es )
( Witness conferred with counsel )
Miss RU S S ELL I take the fifth amendment on this
Mr D O Y L E Wha t was your answer witness ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendmen t on this I avail myself
O f my privileges under the fifth amendmen t
Mr N IT T L E In that passport application you indicated that you
would v isit G reat B rita in S candinavia France the Union of S ovie t
D id you also visit Communist
r c ial ist Republics India and Japan
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l i na
Miss RU S S E LL
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I take the fifth amendmen t on tha t
.
Mr N I T T L E ih 1 9 5 9
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendmen t on that
?
—
Mr N I T T L E oh the p assport issued pursuant to that application
Miss Russell I take the fif th amendmen t on that
Mr N ITT L E I call your attention to Russell Exhib it N O 4 an issue
Wha t
of the Far East Rep or ter in which an article appears entitled
”
—
ab out Christians in Chin a? The Y WC A in which at pages 1 5 and
1 6 you are mentioned as a visitor to China in 1 9 5 9
Y ou appear on page 1 6 in a pho to with o ther Chinese N ational
Y WC A committee memb ers and staff— a pho to reportedly taken at
S hanghai in June of 19 59
D id you in fact visit Communist China in 19 5 9 as your Far East
Rep orter reports ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendmen t on that
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24
A S S I S TAN CE
F ORE I GN
TO
G OVERNM EN TS
COMM U N I S T
Mr N I T T L E Are you not included in the p hoto at p age 16 ?
M iss RU S S E LL I take the fifth amendment on tha t
( D ocumen t marked Russell Exhibit N O 4 and retained in
committee files )
Mr N I T T L E Why did you not origin ally indicate on your applica
tion form that your intention w as to visit Communist China ?
Miss RU S S E LL I take the fifth amendment on that
Mr N IT T L E How did you enter Communis t China ?
Miss RU S S E LL I contin ue to take the fifth amendment
Mr N I TT L E D id you make application to the S tate D ep artmen t
for p ermission to visi t China ?
Mis s RU S S E LL I take the fifth amendment on tha t
Mr N I T T L E Was your visit to Comm unis t Chin a contrary to the
p olicy and regulations O f the U nited S tate s G overnment ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendmen t O n that
Mr N IT T L E D id you make any prearrangements with either Com
munists in the United S tates or abroad for your entry into C ommu
nist China ?
Miss R U S S E LL I t ake the fifth amendmen t on that
Mr N I T T L E Were these arrangements made With S oviet Com
munists ?
Miss R U S S E LL I t ake the fifth amendment on that
Mr N IT T L E D id you meet any h igh ranking Chinese Com munist
O fficial s durin g your visit in 1 9 5 9 ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendment on that
Mr J O HA N S E N B efore we proceed may I ask Mis s Russell this ?
In each instance that you say you take the fifth amendment you are
invoking the s afeguards and your rights under the self incrimination
provision ?
Miss R U S S E LL I ava il myself— yes
Mr J O HA N S E N D O you ac tually believe and apprehen d tha t if you
were to respond to this series of q uestions regarding your visi t to Red
China that you wo uld make yousel f liable to criminal prosecution ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendment on that question
Mr D O Y L E May we see that copy of the Far East Rep orter in
which Miss Russell s picture appears ?
Mr J O HA N S E N I think the witness has it
Mr R E I N N 0 we have returned it No I am sorry it h asn t been
returned
Mr N I T T L E Off the record
( D iscussion O ff t h e record )
Mr D O Y L E L et s proceed
Mr N IT T L E Miss R ussell I now call your attention to a copy O f
the le aflet I j ust handed you marked for identification as Russell
Exhi b it 5 which anno unces your appearance on January 2 5 1963 at
the College Club in B altimore Maryland where you were t o speak at
”
“
The O pen Forum of Maryland on the subj ect of The Ne w China
—
descri bed as a Fascina ting Color Sl ide L ecture by Maud Russell
”
Noted S peaker on the Far East
You did in fact appear and speak on that occasion did you not ?
( Witness conferred with counsel )
Miss R U S S E LL I did and one of your agents came didn t pay the
admission fee and served a subpena on me I think you might h ave a
little O f moral e xamination of some of yo ur methods I did speak
there It said very clearly Admission
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AS S I S TAN CE
COMM U N I S T
FOREI GN
TO
G OVERNM EN TS
25
Mr N IT T L E He advises me that he did pay
Miss R U S S E LL The people there told me that he did not pay
Mr N I T T L E Well you were prim arily interested in communi
cat ing I nformat i o n were you not rather than recei v mg fees ?
Miss R U S S E LL That is correct Th is w as a side remark to let you
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Mr N IT TL E B ut you did receive your fee for this engagement
Miss R U S S E LL Certainly
Mr J O H A N S EN B y whom were you paid ?
Miss R U S S E LL The O p en Forum of Maryland I t is a group that
has regular O p en forums
Mr J O HA N S E N Thank you
”
( D ocumen t marked Russell Exhibit NO 5 follows : )
?
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R U S S ELL
w
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A S S I S TAN CE
26
F ORE I GN
To
G OV ERN M EN T S
COMM U N I S T
Mr N ITT L E D id your fees cover all exp enses incurred by yo u in
presenting this lec tur e ?
Miss R U S S E LL Well if you take clean ing your clo the s and buying
new clo thes and ga soline and all that and bul b s for yo ur proj ector
and all that mayb e mayb e not
Mr N IT T L E You say mayb e yes and mayb e no t ?
Miss R U S S E LL Mayb e yes and mayb e no If you do cos t account
in g on the j ob it probably would b e no B ut what you ac tually spent
that day to ride down and come back and keep your clo thes clean
that might have co vered it
Mr N IT T L E D id you sell any book s pamphlets or new spap er s
at your lec ture in B alt imo re ?
Miss R U S S E LL I sold my Far East Rep orter
Mr N IT T L E In addition to that you also sold the N ational Guard
ian which has b een previously mentioned ?
Miss R U S S E LL I did no t
Mr N IT T L E Who sold it on the premi ses?
Mi ss R U S S E LL Well the O p en Forum may ha ve had it for sale
but I did no t I t w as not on my table
Mr N I TT L E You are no t anxiou s to dissociate yourself from the
sale of the N ational Guardian are you ?
Miss R U S S E LL I certainl y am not
Mr N I TT L E It advertises your lectures
Mis s R U S S E LL I p ay for adver tising
Mr N IT T L E And promo tes your speakin g enga g ements doesn t it ?
Miss RU S S E LL It doesn t promote my speakin g eng ag ements I t
does when I p ay them for something
Mr N ITTL E Well now Copies O f the N ational Guardian were on
the same table with your Far East Rep orter ?
Miss R U S S E LL That has nothing to do with me The Forum had
the ir material there also for sale
Including tha t prob ably
Mr N ITT L E D id they ask your p ermission to sell the N ational
Guardian alon g with the Far East Rep orter ?
Miss RU S S E LL N 0 no t tha t I recall It w as their for um
It
wasn t my forum It was their s They j us t employed me to com e
to it
Mr N I TT L E D id they receive the compens ation for the sale of the
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N ational Guardian?
Miss RU S S E LL I don t know
Mr N IT T L E D id they receive the compen sation
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for
Far East Rep orter ?
the sale
of
the
Miss RU S S E LL No I g ot that
Mr N I TT L E To your knowled g e have any articles in the Far East
Rep orter b een written b y identified Communist s or individuals atfil
iat ed with the Communist mo vement ?
(Witness conferred wi th coun sel )
Mr R E I N I think Mr Cha irman if I may say I think that is a
very vague question impossible for thi s witnes s to answer the question
of somebody affiliated with the Communis t mo vemen t
How woul d
she know ?
Mr J O HA N S E N Well Mr Chairman the question w as worded as
whether to her knowledge N ow tha t is en tirely wi thin her com
p etenc e to an swer
Miss R U S S E LL Well to my knowledge the answer would be no
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28
A S S I S TAN CE
FOREI GN
TO
G OVERN M ENT S
I
COMM UN S T
W rit er for offi cial p ubl ications of the C ommu nist Part y or the Commu nist
I nternational or for a Commu nist g ov ernment or for p ro Commu nis t p ress
ser v i ces
Sub j ect of a ction by a gency Of A merican g overnment or a foreign non
C ommu nist g overnment on g rou nds inv ol v ing l oy al t y or national s ecu rit y
Out of the cou ntr y or ot h erwise u na v ail ab l e for s u b p ena
A ffi l iated wit h : A llied Lab or N ews
Amerasia (ex hib it
F riends of C hinese D emocracy ( p
China Aid Cou ncil ( p
Com
mittee for a D emocratic Far East ern P ol icy ( p
F A I R FA ! CE O L ME L E Y E L S I E ( Mrs I srael Epst ein) (pseu d ony m: Ed it h Crom
well ) ( p 50 ) writer : assistant t o secretary general (ex h ib it
S u bj ect of a ct ion by a gency of A merican G overnment or a f oreign non
C ommu nist g overnment on grou nds inv ol v ing l oy al t y or nat ional securit y
Out of the c ou ntr y or ot h erwis e u nav ail ab l e for s ubp ena
A ffil iat ed wit h Committ ee for a D emocratic Far East ern P ol ic y ( p
S T R O N G A N N A L O U I S E w rit er (ex h ib it 1 334)
I d entifi ed as a memb er of the Commu nist Part y by one or more d ul y
sw orn witnesses
C ol l ab orat ed wit h a g ents of the So v iet I nt ell ig ence a p parat u s as s h ow n
b y sworn t est imony
M a d e one or more trips t o C ommu nist t errit ory
Writ er for O ffi cial publ icat ions O f the C ommu nist Part y or the Communist
Int ernat iona l or for a C ommu nist g o v ernment or for p ro Commu nist p ress
ser v ices
C ommitt ee for a D emocratic
Affi l iated w it h : Amerasia (ex h ib it
Far East ern P ol icy ( p
(At this p oin t Mr Ashbrook left the hearing room )
Mr N I TT L E D id you know these p ersons as Communists when
y ou were associated with them on the Com mittee for a D emocrat i c
Far Eastern Policy ?
Miss R U S S E LL I did n ot
Mr N IT T L E D id you know these p ers ons as Commun ist s at the
time their con tribu tions were accepted by you for publishing in the
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Far East Rep orter ?
Miss R U S S E LL I did not
Mr J O HA N S E N Had you kn own Miss Russell th at th ey were
affilia ted wi th the Communist P ar ty and tha t they had b een iden tified
as par ticip atin g in or b ein g connec ted wi th S ovi et in tel l igence would
t h at h av e affec ted your deci sion to acc ep t or not acc ep t their m ateri al
for your publi cation ?
(Wi tne ss conferred wi th counsel )
Mis s R U S S E LL I don t know It wo ul d dep end on the p ar ticul ar
cas e I sho ul d think wh at they were pub li shing If it was f ac ts I
don t question wh at people s b ackg roun d is if it seem s to me fac ts
t help enli g h ten the Americ an p eopl e ab ou t the subj ects I wri te
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a ) out
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Mr J O H A N S EN
You wo ul d th en con sid er it irr elev an t th at they, by
h avin g connec tion wi th S ovie t in telligence , were eng ag ed in , or re
hat
p arin to b e en g a ed in, espion ag e for the S ovie t G ov ernmen t ?
.
.
h ave no re ev ancy? Is th at your an sw er ?
Mi ss RU S S E LL If they were wri ting f ac ts tha t I con sidered v alu able
for the Americ an p eople to know ab ou t China I wo uld publi sh
m aterial
Mr J O HA N S E N R e g ardles s O f this knowl edge ?
Miss R U S S E LL I don t question ab ou t people s o ther rela tion ship s
I ex amine thin gs on whe ther it help s p eople un d erstand wha t is
happening on the par ticul ar subj ec t on which I am wri ting
Mr J O H A N S E N Thank you
woul
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A S S I S TAN CE
COMM U N I S T
F OREI GN
TO
G OVERN M EN T S
29
Mr D O Y L E May I inqu ire at this point then Miss Russell when
”
If they were publishin g facts I assume that you mean that
you say
if they were publishing facts known to you to b e facts ?
Miss R U S S E LL Wh at I considered facts yes Wh at I consid ered
helping the American p eople better understand the Far E ast
Mr D O Y L E Well did you check these articles as to whether or no t
they were factual ?
Miss RU S S E LL Well what I publish I think are facts that help the
American p eople understand what is happening in the Far East
That is my obj ective and if I think this material is that
Mr D O Y L E I didn t make my question clear As to these articles
that you published three or four written by these folks did you
know to your own p ersonal knowledge whether thes e facts which they
all ege d were facts or not or did you assume that th ese were facts
and published them ?
Miss RU S S E LL Well first you asked me a theoretical question
Now you are asking me a concrete question so you have mixed it up
First his qu estion w as a theoretical question which you followed
”
Now you say Wh at you did publish so you have mixed it up
Mr D O Y L E Well answer the question tha t had some concrete in
it That part of the question
Miss R U S S E LL I published what I thou ght were the facts on
China Tha t is what I published What seemed to me to be ill umi
natin g facts on China
Mr B R U C E Mr Chairm an
Mr D O Y L E Mr B ruce
Mr B R U C E Now as I understand your testimony you publish
what you believe are only facts on China Is tha t correct ?
Miss R U S S E LL O n the Far East N ot only China
Mr B R U CE Well on the Far E ast all ri ght
In the Far East Rep orter you state as a fact tha t the YWCA w as
liberated by the Chinese Communists
Miss R U S S E LL I think that w as in an article by the YWC A leader
from C anada wasn t it
Mr B R U C E Is thi s a fact ?
Miss R U S S E LL Yes I think I considered that a very good article
on her reporting Now some of the thin g s
Mr B R U C E IS thi s the fact ?
Miss R U S S E LL Tha t is true
Mr B R U CE You sta te as a fact that the YWCA w as liberated by
the Chinese Communist s in China ?
Miss R U S S E LL I wouldn t say liberated by the Chinese C ommu
nists
Is tha t wha t it says there ?
Mr B R U C E Y es
Mi ss RU SS E LL O K then that is what they told her
Mr B R U C E You then hold it as a fact tha t the ch ur ch in China
w as liberated b y the
Mis s R U S S E LL I sho ul d say wha t I saw of the church in China
and of the YWCA and of the YMCA that they are very much more
free than they ever were b efore to carry out their p urposes and in
tha t sense they are liberated
Mr B R U C E And have you published the picture s of prie st s and
clergymen who h ave come out of China in an emaciated condition
or aren t these fac ts ?
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30
AS S I S TAN CE
COMM UN I S T
F OREI GN
TO
GOVERNMEN T S
Miss RU S S E LL NO I haven t S ome of them may and some of
them may not be I know of some case s where they are not I can
tell you one case
O ne of my friends came from West China with a Roman Catholic
pries t who had b een un der house arrest or under arre st and he w as
then freed When we travel in China we take gr eat big b askets
with nets on top and we carry our own b edding rolls
When they got to Hong K on g tha t priest g o t Off that train carryin g
the b asket and that b edding roll over his shoulder Then when he
crossed over the lin e he posed— and this picture is in the Hon g
K ong press— as though he were a poor weak thing and that pict ur e
w as used to raise mone for tha t mis sion
Now that is an ab so ute case
Now a good deal of the things that get pub lished I do have a
question about
Mr B R U C E You bel i eve that the statement I n t his undated issue
—
so I c an t tell you t h e date that the Christian churc h in China is
now keeping its theology pure and has been purified S ince the C hinese
Commun ist government has literally t aken over is a fact ?
Miss R U S S E LL This is a statement that the Chinese chur ch makes
over and o ver and as I s aw it I s aw their publications I re ad their
publications I read what the church here tells about their p ublica
tions and I would say that to my way of t hin kin g they are more
strictly theological than they were before
That is certainly true of the Y WCA
Mr B R U C E They have been purified in other words ?
Miss R U S S E LL And they publish church magazines they have
but nowadays with the Communists
their ev an g elistic campaigns
they carry on their work and I would say that the Y WCA and the
1
church in Chin a are freer today than they were b efore
I wo ul d say th at as a fact
Mr B R U C E DO you think they have been liberated ?
Miss R U S S E LL I don t think you c an say the C h inese Communists
liberated it Th e situation in Chin a has changed and the y are now
freer to express them selves and to carry out th eir purposes and are
v ery ev angelistic
Th is is the thing th at qui te s ur pris es me Th e emp h asis is on that
I was really re ally s urprised
T h i ue of M aud R u
l l F E t R p t und d i u i n h
ontain d a
p o t on an
all g d imp ov m nt in th
tatu of th Y W C A and th Ch i tian h u h und
th C hines C ommu
ni t
ial w k
who p nt 10 d ay in R d C hina in 1960
T h C anad ian
p p a d b y a C anad ian
w it
ib d a h aving h l d v a i u a ignm nt on th Y W C A taff and b a d in C anad a
wh wa al o d
T h R d Chin
p at d w h at h w as t l d b y va iou in dividual in R d C hina
p op agand a q uot d
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re e
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ese
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e
’
n
h
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n
i t e C a ad ia s rep ort inc ud ed the o ow ing state ent w hich sh ows in what sense the R ed Chinese
“
”
W C A and Christian churches in C hina:
regime consid ers itse th e
ib erator of th e
C h ristianit was introd uced to C hina b y oreigners; now , since ib eration, the
C A and the
W
’
C h ristian C h urch are rea
our p eop e s, not
an aged or con tro ed b y outsid ers
I t was a ib eration for
”
C A as w e as for th e nation
the
In an add end u
to th e same issue of th e Far East Rep orter, M aud Russe w rote th at th e Canad ian
’
’
isitor s account ‘sub stantiates M iss Russe s rep or t of th e W C A of C h ina as a going , energetic, p atriotic
and constructi e p articip ant in the b ui d ing of th e new C h ina
M iss R usse at the sa e ti e
”
“
ack now ed ged that th e progra
of th e
C A in C ommunist China “ centers on he p ing women
w or
”
und erstand and gear into th e new societ
T estimon recei ed b y th e committ ee rom non-C ommunist re ug ees and d e ectors rom R ed China has
d escrib ed the comb ination of b rainwashing and ph sica
io ence e p o ed b y the C hinese C om unist
ain an d ;
erad icate any sign of re igious d e otion or org ani ation on th e
T his
go ernment to e entua
camp aign , inso ar as Christian churches are concerned , b egan in 1950 with th e C ommunist d emand th at
”
“
h
m
m
a
th e C hristians se er al l oreign contacts, p urge t e se es of i p eri ist A merican in! uences, and sup
T he few C hristian churches a ow ed to continue op erations h a e b een d escrib ed
p ort go ern ent po ic
“
"
as propagan d a church es , contro ed b y the C om unist reg ime and ser ing as instruments for ad ancing
C ommunist id eo og as w e as the C ommunist program in economics and p o itics
S ee H ow the Chinese Reds Hoodwink V isiting Foreigners, testimon b y R ob ert L oh , A p ri 21 1960 ; and
Communist P ersecution of Churches in Red China and N orthern K orea, testi on b y our C hinese rotestan t
ministers on M arch 29 , 1959 T he p ersecution of re igion is a so d etai ed in a numb er of b ook s written b y
C hristian c erg
en of arious d enominations who h a e i ed und er R ed C hinese ru e
lf
y
l
ll y
ll
YW
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A S S I S T AN C E
F ORE I GN
TO
G OV ERNM EN T S
I
COMM U N S T
31
Mr B R U C E I have j ust re ad the article while you were talking
”
I am not impressed with their evangelism
Miss RU S S E LL That is right They do
Mr D O Y L E Proceed Co unsel please
Mr N IT T L E While you were in Chin a dur ing the period 1 9 17 to
194 3 did you have contac t with Christian missionaries in Chin a ?
Miss R U S S E LL O h yes certainly
Mr N I T T L E Missionaries who were both in the zones occupied by
Communists and the Nationalists ?
Miss R U S S E LL Well you see most of the time you didn t have
the different areas of Chin a un til late in the 194 0 s You had oc cu
pied Chin a where the Japanese were ; you had free Chin a where the
Chi ang Kai shek s were ; and you had what we called the liberated
areas where the coalition of the Communists and the Kuomintang
and the nonpolitical parties were so you had three areas and I was
l
—
—
in free Ch ina during tha t time Chiang Kai shek s area
Now communication went b ack and forth all the time L etters
went b ack and forth so in that sense you were in communication
with those other areas
This was one of the amazing things the way mail went b ack an d
forth even to the lib erated areas
Mr N I TT L E D id you ever commu nicate any information obtain ed
through your discussions with Christian mission aries to representa
tiv es of the Communist Party in the United S tates ?
Miss R U S S E LL N O I never did
Mr N I T T L E D id you ever comm unicate that information to C om
munis t representatives or agents in China ?
Miss R U S S E LL N O I did not
(Witness conferred with counsel )
Miss R U S S E LL The Chinese knew far more ab out those things
than I did
Mr N I TT L E The Far East Rep orter has published a p amphle t
entitled The Real Tibet written by S usan Warren which was dis
seminated and sold at your recen t B altimore lecture
I h and you a Copy of that issue m arked for identification as Russell
Exhibit No 9
Mr N IT T L E D O you know S usan Warren ?
Miss R U S S E LL I will take the fifth amendment on that
”
(D oc umen t marked Russell Exhibit N O 9 and retained in
committee files )
A tual l y C hin
C mmuni t g u
iz d and maintain d
nt ol ov
va iou t it i
ill a h v
B f
f C hina v
in
1 927 th y a th
ivil w a b tw n th C mm uni t and N ati n l i t b gan
in 1934
C hiang K ai h k
N ational t A my f
t at int a fa no thw t C hm
d th m t
p vin
C mmuni t
q ua mil f t it y in outh nt l C hina
35 C hin
nt ll d m
th n
f all of
J ap an in u ion into C hin t ito y b ginning in 1931 32 ul t d in Jap an
ont l
M an hu ia in add iti n t
A ft J ap an a ump ti n f all out w a ag ain t
ta n t
it y in no th C h na
C hina in 1937 mu h f a t n C hina w a
up i d b y th J ap an
In
to ob tain C hiang K ai h k
d
app ov al of a unit d f nt a tion with C mmuni t ag ain t th
J ap an in 1937 th C hin C mmun t among oth thing ag d to ab oli h th S vi t C h n
a g ov nm nt b a d up n d m
ati fo m
g v nm nt in n t hw t C hina and int od u
th
H ow v
o al l d
d mo a y whi h
p l a d th S ov i t gov nm nt in n thw t C hina and n
aft
a a t
w hi h C mmuni t
oth
xt nd d th
t h J ap an
nt l in th
ou
of fig hting
1937 p vid d n
tiv ity and C ommuni t d i tato hip w a
pp tun ity fo n n C mmuni t p l iti al
nti ll y un hang d
with a
T h C mmuni t
ff t to giv th imp i n that th i gim w
gov nm nt
p op l
n in th
ul
d mo ati maj ity w a aid d b y th i ub q u nt ad p t n f a
th u p
C ommuni t
t limit th m l v
nt ativ b od i
t is f th
t in
g ani z ati n w
p
th
H ow v
mitting is to g o to N ati nal i t p
ntativ
and an th
t hi d t
n np a ty p p l
ito y w
a
w ill ing t a
N ati nal i t
in C mmuni t t
ham p ty
p t in t u ti n f m t h
many of th n np a ty l ad
nd th F
C mmun i t a w
D av id J D all in S i t R u i
(S
E t N w H av n Y al Univ
ity P
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.
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ar
A S S I S T AN C E
32
F ORE I G N
TO
G O V ERN M EN T S
I
COM M U N S T
Mr D O Y L E Who is S usan Warren Co unsel ?
Mr N I T T L E Mr Cha i rman accord i ng to comm i ttee records
S usan Warren was a delegate to the New York S tate Convention of
the C ommunist Political Association in August 19 4 5
O ur records further show that S usan Warren taught at the Jefferson
S chool of S ocial S cience from approximately 194 8 un til the winter
term of 1 9 5 6
The S ubversive Activities Control Board Dock et N o 10 7 5 3 Rep ort
and Order o
f J une 30 1 95 5 characterized the Jefferson S chool of S ocial
S cience as follows :
T he J eff erson S c h ool
o p er at es p rimaril y
t o t rain its st ud ents al most
all of w hom are Party memb ers o r p ot ent ial recr u its in the Party s p rog ra ms
st rat egy and t act ics
U nd er r ig id Part y c ont ro l it is u t il iz ed as th e
C o mmu nist Part y s p rinc ip al t raining g rou nd for eff ect iv e memb ers h ip and
l ea d ership t h erein
The Jefferson S chool of S ocial S cience was sub sequently dissolved
b ecause of the proceedings brought against it by the S ub versive
Activities Control B oard which declared that school to b e a Com
munis t front organization and required to register as such
After the closing of the Jefferson S chool of S ocial S cien ce S usan
Warren lec tured at the M arxist Forums whi ch were initiated by the
Communist Party to fil l the M arxist training gap created by the
closing of the Jefferson S chool
L ater S usan Warren j oined the teaching staff of the Fac ul ty of
S o cial S cience which was established in the fall of 19 5 8 as a successor
to the Jefferson S chool of S o cial S cience
Mr D O Y L E Thank you
Mr J O HA N S E N Well Mr Chairman I wan t to make an observa
tion an d I wan t the witness to understand and the record to clearly
show that I don t in the remotest way question the witness righ t
to invoke the fifth amendment b ut it strikes me as strange that
when it comes to pub lishing materials allegedly stating facts which
involve the Communist reg i me i n China the wi tness testifies that she
has no interest in o ther act i vities or associations of the authors of
such articles and it is amazing to me tha t there is apparently some
b asis of interest in o ther activities and asso ciations of persons such
as this name that has j ust b een mentioned
as evidenced b y the
invocation by the witness of the fifth amendment
Mr D O Y L E Pro ceed Counsel
Mr N IT T L E D O you know S usan Warren to b e a Communist ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendmen t on that
Mr N IT T L E I hand you a copy of a pamphl et marked for identifi
—
a
s
E
cation
Russell xhibi t No 10 enti tled I ndia and China a Contrast
writ ten by Helen Travis who is also known as Helen L evi S imon
D id you not likewise ca use this pamphlet to b e sold and disseminated
at your B altimore lec ture on January
( Witness conferred with counsel )
Miss R U S S ELL Yes I did
( D ocument marked Russell Exh ibi t No 1 0 and retained in
committee fil es )
Mr N ITT L E D o you k now Helen Tra vis ?
Miss R U S S E LL I have met her
Mr N I T T L E How long have you k nown Helen Tra v is ?
Miss R U S S E LL Maybe a little over a year 2 years
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A S S I S TAN CE
F OR E I G N
TO
I
C OM M U N S T
G OV ERN M EN T S
33
Mr N I T T L E O n August 4 1955 Milton Joseph S antwire former
undercover operative for the FBI who attended many closed Com
munist Party meetings with Helen Tra vis identified her as a Com
munist Party m ember before this committee
Helen Travis in fact had been formerly employed by the Com
munis t Daily Work er writing under the name of Maxine L evi
A report of the House Committee on U n—American Activities issued
in 1950 which related certain fac ts in connection with the assassination
of L eon Trotsky in Mexico on August 2 0 194 0 ordered by his political
rival Josef S talin noted t hat Helen Travis under the name of Helen
L evi S imon transferred
to one D Enrique de los Rios a
money drop in Mexico City to finance the release of Jacques M or
n ard Vand endr eschd who was charged with the murder of L eon
Trotsky
Helen Travis w as also identified in hearings b efore the committee
on November 14 196 2 as the secretary of the L os Angeles branch of
the Medical Aid to Cuba Committee which w as the subj ect of our
initial investigation in relation to proposed amendments to the Foreign
Agent Registration Act
We are continuing our hearings today for
the same purpose
N ow do you know Helen Travis as a Communist Party member ?
Miss RU S S E LL I do not
Mr N I TT L E Miss Russell have you ever been a member of the
Co mmunist Party ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendment on that
Mr N IT T L E I note in your passport application previously re
ferred to as Exhibit N o 3 you did not answer the questions contained
in the application namely Are you now a member of the Com
and H ave you ever been a member of the C om
munist
”
munist Party ?
Why did you not respond to those questions ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendment on that
Mr N I T T L E O n June 2 7
Mr D O Y L E M ay I in terrup t please ? M ay I ask Miss Russell
have you ever b een a member of the Communist Party witness ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendmen t on that
Mr D O Y L E I didn t hear you Ar e you now a member of the
Communist Party ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendment on that
Mr N I T T L E Were you a member of the Communis t Party at the
time y ou filed this 19 59 p assport application ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendment on that
Mr N I TT L E O n M arch 1 9 19 5 8 Armando Penha a former FBI
undercover O perati v e testified under o ath before this committee that
Will you
you were on the national level of the Communist Party
please deny or affirm this statemen t made by Armando Penha ?
Miss R U S S E LL I take the fifth amendment on that
(Witness conferred with co unsel )
Mr N I T T L E Miss Russell it is tru e is it no t that you have b een
lecturing in this country on the Communis t revolu tionaries in China
and on the Chinese Communist reg ime since the end of World War II ?
Miss RU S S E LL I have been lecturing on China Peop le s Republic
of China
?
l
e
N
i
tt
H
E
Mr J O A N S N Would you rep ea t tha t qu estion Mr
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84
A S S I S TAN CE
F O R E I GN
To
I
COMM U N S T
G OVERNM EN T S
Mr N I T T L E Yes sir
Miss Russell is it no t true that you have been lecturing in this
country on the Communist revolu tionaries in China and on the Chi
nese Communist regime since the end of World War II ?
Mr J O H A N S E N And wha t w as the witness an swer ?
Miss R U S S E LL I say I have been talking abou t China y es The
eop l e s Republic of China
Mr J O H A N S E N That is the Communist regime ?
Miss R U S S E LL Which is under the leadership of the Communist
Party of China tha t is true This is the curren t China the People s
Republic of China Tha t is what I am talking abou t
Mr J O H A N S E N S o you have been lecturing abou t the Communist
regime ?
Miss R U S S E LL I have been lecturing abou t China There are
many elem en ts of China tha t are no t inclu ded in tha t particular
qu es tion
Mr J O H A N S E N O f course there are o ther elem en t s no t included
b ut wha t you have b een lecturing abou t do es include the Communist
regim e ?
Miss R U S S E LL I have been talking about the curren t Chin a which
we all kn ow is the People s Republic of Chin a which is led by the
Chinese Communist Party That is obvious
Mr J O H A N S E N S o among other matters the answer is yes that
you have lectured regarding the Communist regime in China
Miss R U S S E LL I have given my answer
Mr N I TT L E Is it not also true Miss Russell that you have both
prior to the Communist seizure O f power an d since its seizure in 1 9 4 9
consistently defended praised and promoted the Communist govern
ment of China an d distributed propaganda material favorable to it ?
(Witness conferred with counsel )
Miss R U S S E LL Would you rep eat the question please ?
Mr N ITT L E Would the reporter kindly read that question back ?
( The reporter read the question )
Miss R U S S E LL I certainly have reported on what has been happen
ing in Chin a the p eople s struggle and of course t hat in cludes wh a t
is the people s China becoming a p art of the S ocialist world
O f course my material S p eaks for itself
That is what I am report
ing about present China
Mr N IT T L E I have before me marked Exhibit 1 1 a letter to the
editor published on the editorial p age of the Daily Californian which
rep orts the substance of one of your lectures attended by the authors
of the letter A mong the remarks made in the letter the follo wing
appears :
F inall y w e w ere treated to a few p earl s of p rog nostication f rom M iss R u ssell s
ob v io u s l y as y et c r ud e and u nt u tor ed oy st er b ed
T aiw a n she s aid S h ould b e
”
l ef t to itself u ntil t hat it it fall s l ik e a rip e p eac h int o the waiting hand s of
t he p at ient Peopl e s R epubl ic
R ed C h ina need s the at om b omb it a pp ears
strictl y for its ow n p rotec tion p artic ularl y against c ertain reactionar y el ements
in Ind ia w h o h av e g one to t h e w armon gering ex c ess of d ra gg ing C h in se t roop s
a cross the H imal ay as ont o I nd ian soil H ow ev er all of t h es e ev ents of w orld
s cop e ac t u all y aff ec t t he c onfid ence of the C hinese p eopl e very l ittl e b ec a us e the
w ond er ful and d esira bl e p rocess of b rainw ash ing h as w ip ed out al l t ra c es of
f ear and insec u rit y in t h eir mind s ; t h ey are no l ong er h arassed as w e are in our
d eca d ent d emoc ra c y
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AS S I S TAN CE
36
F ORE I G N
TO
R U S S ELL
[ D ail y
G OV ERN M EN T S
I
C OM M U N S T
E ! H I BI T N o 1 1
.
lf
C a i ornian , D ecemb
2 , 1960 ]
er
Da il y C a l ifo r nia n
w
Pi fi d
M
Mlss
m
m
M M t
ll
had a pin
ai
in the Poo
s
p ie s Repub ic of Ch ina in wa
and hasn t b een q uite the same
s ince The pl n stick i nz is part of
"
“
the ac u punct ure tre atment for
Arthritis which accord ing to Miss
Rinse“ is one of the greatest
ad m
nees in Red C hi na “ M e
b rainwashing 0
in Miss Russe 5 Tira de) nig ht
speec h descr ib ing her S tate De
de n
inspec ii on
rt m it
i lage s and
our
ote l nlun
co m
mod e
munes no were
b rought to wond er how she could
ever tm e g athe red her wou l d
d orce d hers e l
s id es up an
to
ea e
and
of
that
uns ilo yed
p romise and opportunity and re
-in
turn to Our dis ma
a
a
s
i
t
r
e
p
fested ( s o she p ut it ) c ap ita istic
d esert To s rather eso teric and
rec epti e aud ience at the S ate
tss Russe
expo un e
L ua n
n
r th hard
ed
seem
s [th e
to
d if er rom that of the Com
mu
nist: themse es
Bring ing us p p icture of Com
monist Chins rep ete with tre
mendons red agg ed parades and
d rawing to s c o se with s b ig g er
them
hie-size lmuu ol Co ouado
Mao Miss Rus se to d us among
other th ings
aw the C hi nese
detes t Americ an
peop e rea
b ut se al l y
ove
the
po ic
A mencs n peop e The Chines e
peop e w ord ing to Miss Ham il
d o not identtfl y Am
erican ( or
eigh po ic
with the des i re s oi
the Amer icans themse es s j udg
ment reasonab e from the p ro
j c ctl on of their own e perience
s nd the com
mon experi ence of
i ions of other peop e in what
Miss Russe b l ithly ca ed the
Easte rn De moc racies ”
ions
s ry
.
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were to d
of
t he
to
peasants iv ho V o untee red
work without wages to b ui d 3
rese rv oir o utside oi Pek ing
But
“
O
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w
e
!
w
n
k
n
o
h
a
t
t
voluntary"
J
l sb or l s eas to ind in Common
dich l o hipu, espec ial y sinc e
h
those who d o not v ol unteer l ose
their i augu ration card » and
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’
reect ion
w ere to d of the overwhel
in; suc cess of the b ac
ard b ast
urnac es part of an f oam. earn
"
in which eac h
i p rove Prog ra
e was c harg ed with
co mmun
ak
ing its own stee Chi dre n were
red
b ui d ing toy b ast -for
p ic tu
nece s Bias t-furume s were painted
on wal ls as b ast- urnace s were
the sig n 0 ! a c o mmune s sta tus
But the b l as t urnace program
is ac cord ing to o i c ia Chi nese
sourc e. a mis erab e
ai ure ; can
in whic h the l ab or 0 ! 50 mi ion
p eas ants has b ee n wasted
We were to d of the l nc md t to
amo unt o f e is ure time “ min e
w ho are
to Chinese w ork ers
ab le to d ai
m ay who e da s
to
l ib
p hm is smog o ric p ar s
rom t s p stal ist p arasites
eraied
xtAnd set acc ord i ng to The E
po rt
er a commune work ef fi
i
m ing d ay of to to 16 hours
s ud not
ess tha n 28
fi work lng
d a s 4 month
We were to ld o i the coup le;
s stem: se t up to transp ort wor k
ers to the ir ac tor
Jo b s and th e
e fic ient nur u r ie s es tab ished to
a re ( or the c hi d ren of work ing
mothers But MM Russe added
( pe rha ps ins d ac rt c nil y ) ths t the
chi d re n in the nurs eries o ten
r
come ho me to t he ir wor ing
‘
ents hom
e s on y o nce a wee
We were to d that el l ood is
under the co ntro l o f the Central
thereb
Minis tr of Fi nance
mi nimiz ing l o w! shortages a nd
i nt i t was oi l y
O i ers up p l ic s
hinted that "i ts food was mad e
s s sil s b lc
to c o mmune Wo rk ers
l
‘
f
l
m m
w
b
.
m
.
l
pa rasites
f
'
.
l
b rsnded as
We
'
m eub
t
and are
.
l
ll
EE E
TO REA L P A G E
‘
RM
hinted Russe
'
l
hi
ll s
.
which
in
were l ed
f ree
thus
.
en
d o mes tic ated
C hinese is rni women for ab or in
the ie d s i nc ide nta l
the m
e ss
hu s p ic tured b y Miss Rus se ap
pe ered so me rc mwd ed e nd d e
c rep l i
ths t. shou d s Camp us
Commo ns b e erec ted a ong si l
in: l i nes S at e wou d sure y hav e
ye t s no l c r q ss ue to p rotest
l ins ll y, we were tmated “ a
ing
ll
(
t e
f l
o therw ise
ly
.
h
l
l
l
l
.
l
ll
m
l
.
,
a
w h en! ” u nob
ls
Jew
of
prog nost ic ation
aa
a Roosel l a ob iousl
r om Min
yet crude and untutored o ste r
b ed Taiwan she sa id shou d b e
it
l eft to twel i—t ml tl that l l
“
ik e a ri pe peac h
into the
ta ;
wait ing hands of the p atie nt i’ eo
p e a Rep ub ic Red China need s
the atom b o mb it ap pe ars. stric t
ly ! or its own p rotec tion p art i cu
l arl y against “ certain reac tionar
e nts
in
nd ia who ha e
e em
g one to the wamionger mg exec “
d ragg ing
Chrinese
tmon
a
ed
acres: the Hima a as onto i ndian
ao ll Howe er al l of those ev ents
of Wor d
a ec t
ocopa ac tua
the con idence of the Chi nese
pear
f
v
‘
ll
l
.
.
.
y
y
l
.
l
~
.
"
l
'
.
»
.
.
l
I
"
.
l
l
y
v
,
ly
v
.
f
lly
l l
ff
p eop e very itt e b ec ause th e
wondertul and d es irab e p roc ess
b rainwash ing has wiped out
of
al l tr aces of ear and ins ec urit
in thei r minds : the are no onger
harass ed as we are in our dec a
dent d emoc rac
We are d c mg no more here
than using J us t whom doe s Miss
Ruasel l think she n to too ing ’
S ure
in this country Maud
b e!
nothing
so
Russ
resem
much a? that mother who watc h
ing p arad e. ob serv ed that a e r
b od y was out or step b ut her so n
hi m Russe l was a issionar in
C hina for 28 years : cou d it b e
that her overzeal oua enthus iasm
for the Peop e s Rep ub ic c an b e
attri b uted to a d s ire to b e ai
owed
eontinise
to ' return and
her work ?
.
l
'
"
f
.
y
y
y
l
.
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.
’
l
‘
ly
ll
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.
l
e
.
m
l
l
l
y
l
'
e
l
y
‘
.
ASSIS T ANC E
F O R E IG N C O MM U N IS T GO V E R NM E NT S
TO
37
Mr N IT T L E Wha t did she s ay ab ou t t ha t ?
Mr D OY L E T his le tt er cer t ainly iden t ifie s you
Mis s R U SSE LL Well t ha t is surpri sing t o me b ecau s e I did no t
s
s ay t h ose t hing
g
Mr D OY L E Well i t shows d oe sn t i t t ha t m ayb e s ome of your
wri t eup s t ha t you c opy fr om o t her paper s are not accura t ely repor t ed ?
Miss R U SSE LL I didn t say t ho s e t h ing s I didn t repor t t hos e
t hing S T hey mus t have added a lo t you know I was on t he cam
p us t alking and t he per son t here repor t ing has added his ow n
Mr D O Y L E T his is a le t t er y ou see and i t s ay s here
E di t orial
”
P age of t he Daily Californian
Miss R U SS E LL T ha t is all righ t bu t I di sclaim i t comple t ely
Mr J O H A N S E N Well now Mr Chairman if I may in t errup t yo u
say now t ha t you di sclaim i t comple t el y I t h ough t I unders t ood
you to s ay a m omen t ag o t ha t you did use t his phrase regarding
T aiwan falling like a ripe pe ach
Miss R U SS E LL Y es t ha t I s righ
g t
Mr J O H A N S E N And you said i t in t his speech and i t was one of
tb e
Mi ss R U SSE LL I d on t know if I said i t in tha t
Mr J O HAN SE N An d i t was one of t hese fac t ual s t a t emen t s from
t he N ew York Times ?
Mis s R U SSE LL An O bserva t i on fr om t he N ew York Times
Mr J O H A N S E N P ardon ?
Mi ss R U SSE LL An ob s erva ti on fr om the N ew York Times T his
w as some mayb e 5 or 6 years ag o t ha t this was in the N ew York Times
Mr J O H A N S E N B u t tha t much tha t is referred t o here you do no t
disclaim ?
Miss R U SSE LL I said tha t in my t alking I do say t ha t N ow
wh e t her I said i t t here I don t know I d on t know ; I may have
I do s ay t ha t bu t I am q uo t ing from the Times
N ow t ha t I s ay
Mr B R UC E Mr Chair man ?
Mr D OY L E Mr B ruce ?
Mr B R UC E H ave you ever t aken the appro ach t ha t wha t you
”
referred to as t he P eople s R epublic of China needs t he a t om b om b
as a ma tt er of self defense ?
Miss R U SSE LL I prob abl y have said Chin a has the perfec t righ t t o
it if she wan ts i t for pro t ec ti on I woul d say t ha t
l\1r B R UC E For defen s e ?
Miss R U SS E LL I have not I t hink in all the t alking I have done
I have only given one t alk on which I even t ouched on t he ques t i on
T ha t w as a very small group
of China and the a t om b omb
Mr B R UC E B u t your posi t i on w as
Miss R U SSE LL And I wo uld say tha t China has t he righ t as any
c oun try has t o d evelop defen s es
Mr B R UC E N ow t he c on t ex t in which i t is said is some t hing el se
aga in Are you saying t ha t you have s aid t hen
Miss RU SSE LL I have said China has the righ t t o develop
Mr B R UC E L et m e fini sh
Miss R U SSE LL Y es
Mr B R UC E Are you saying tha t you have said tha t China should
have t he a tom b omb as a m eans of her ow n defense ?
Miss RU SSE LL I d oub t if I said tha t I said China has the righ t t o
devel op the a tomic bomb as a ma tt er of her defense
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38
ASSIS T ANC E
F O R E IG N
To
COL/M U N I S T
R
GO V E NM E N T S
Mr B R UC E As a ma tt er of her own defense ?
Miss R U SSE LL Yes she has t he righ t t o I would cer t ainly say
t ha t
Mr D OY L E May I inqu ire Wha t mee t ing did you sp eak t o of
which this app ears to b e a repor t ?
Mi ss R U SSE LL I t w as on t he campus in on e of t he big audi t oriums
there I don t think t here were very many p eople mayb e 6 0 or 7 0
p e ople bu t i t w as on t he campus in one of t he buil dings
Mr D O Y L E You S h owed your S lides ?
Mi ss R U SSE LL I S howed slides tha t is righ t S howed slides and
t alked and answered ques t ions
Mr D O Y L E T his apparen tly as I now view i t is a wri tt en repor t t o
the Daily Californian of p ersons who heard you sp eak
Mi ss RU SSE LL T ha t is righ t ; the repor t ers don t alwa ys rep or t
c omple t ely c orrec tly you k now
Mr D O Y L E Wha t ?
Miss R U SSE LL R epor t ers don t always rep or t comple t ely correc tly
Mr D OY L E I know tha t bu t you apparen tly rely on newsp aper
repor t ers as always repor ting accura t el y
Miss R U SSE LL D id I say tha t ?
Mr D O Y L E N o
Miss R U SSE LL I s t udied t his ques tion I s t udy China morning
no on and nigh t and I don t t ake j us t one fac t T here are man y
t hin gS
M r D OY L E T he reason I s t a t e t ha t is tha t you quo t e t hese ar ti
cles t hese five or six American newsp apers
Miss R U SSE LL T ha t s righ t
Mr D O Y L E And o ther wri t ers as a c cura t ely repor t ing fa c t s N O w
you say t his isn t an accura t e repor t
Miss R U SSE LL T here are two differen t t hings O ne is if you have
a s t uden t O f a sub j ec t and you find fac t s t ha t y ou use t ha t is one t hing ;
bu t regarding t his mee t ing t his is j us t repor t ing a mee t ing and he
is in j ec ting wha t his reac t ions were
Mr D O Y L E H ere is wha t t his s t uden t who heard you speak and
saw your slides says abou t your re por t in par t :
Miss R U SSE LL Y es
Mr D OY L E
Miss R ussell exp ounded a line which hardly seemed
”
t o d iffer from t ha t of t he C ommunis t s themselves
Miss R U SSE LL Well t ha t w as his reac t ion t o i t
Mr D OY L E T ha t is his es tima t e of y our t al k ?
Mi ss R U SSE LL T ha t is his reac tion H e has a righ t t o have any
reac t ions tha t he wan t s
Mr D O Y L E Wh y surely I unders t and tha t
Mr B R U C E Mr Chairman may I ask a ques t ion ?
Mr D O Y L E Yes indeed
Mr B R UC E Miss R us s ell you have s t a t ed several t imes t ha t
you I thin k you generally or always b ase your s t a t emen t s upon
wha t has appeared in t he Wes t ern press ?
Miss R U SSE LL The Wes t ern press
I wo ul d say t he Wes t ern
p ress
Mr B R UC E N ow have you ever used for example some thing
t aken ou t of a le tt er to t he edi t or and t hen a ttri bu t ed i t t o t he N ew
York Times ?
Miss R U SSE LL I wo uld iden t ify i t as in a le t ter Yes I use t ha t
s ome t imes b u t I iden t ify i t
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ASSIS TAN C E
F O R E IG N C O MM U N I ST GOV E R NM E N T S
To
39
Mr B R UC E B u t you wo ul d a ssocia t e t he N ew York Times an d
t he pre s tige of t he N ew York Times with a le tt er t o t he edi t or and
t hen use t hi s as fac t ?
Mi ss R U SSE LL If t h is is a poin t of V iew for ins t an ce on t hi s
ques t ion O f India and China one of t he Kuomin t ang pe ople in t his
coun try wro t e a le tt er to t he Times agreeing wi t h t he presen t repor ts
on China
T his w as qui t e S ignifican t b ecaus e t hi s man was Vice P residen t
T ha t was qui t e a significan t
f Ch ina un der Chiang Kai shek
e tt er
p
Mr B R UC E B u t you do us e le tt ers t o t he edi t or and t hen say t he
N ew York Times says t his ?
Miss R U SSE LL I indica t e i t as b eing published in t he Times
Mr J O HAN SE N Mi ss R ussell as I unders t ood t he very early p ar t
of your t e s t imony you s t a t ed t ha t you t old wha t was g oo d or wha t
were t he fac t s regarding C ommuni s t China T ha t I b elieve is
correc t i sn t i t
Miss R U SSE LL Yes
—
Mr J O HAN S E N in y our lec t ures ? Am I c orrec t in my under
s t andin g tha t t he presen t leadership in Commun is t China re j ec t s
t he doc t rine of peaceful coexi s t ence and advoca t es t he rapid advance
men t of communism by force ?
Miss R U SSE LL I don t wan t t o ge t in t o a di scus si on of t his t heo
”
No
r etic al t hing bu t I would say t he answer t here is
Mr J O HA N S EN T his is no t t he ore t ical T his is abou t as concre t e
and prac tical a que s tion
Miss R U SSE LL I don t wan t t o ge t in t o t hi s because t his is a
whole new field of rela t ionships be t ween t he Communis t par ties and
I don t wan t to ge t in t o t ha t ques t ion
Mr J O HA N S E N Would you t hin k t ha t if Red C hina leaders did so
advoca t e t ha t wo ul d in volve the securi t y and possibly t he sur vival
of t he U ni t ed St a t es ?
Miss R U SSE LL I don t see t he meanin g of i t
Mr J O H A N S EN I beg your pardon ?
NIiss R U SSE LL I d on t see t he relev a nce O f your ques t ion or t he
meaning of i t I don t g e t i t clear
I don t wan t t o ge t in t o a discussion of t ha t ideological sub j ec t so
I t ake t he fif t h amendmen t on t he ques t ion
Mr J O HA N S E N You are d oing wha t ?
Miss R U SSE LL I will t ake t he fif t h amendmen t on your ques t ion
(Wi tness conferred wit h counsel )
Mr J O HA N S E N L et t he record very clearly S how t ha t on t he
ques tion rela ting t o t he fac t s abou t C ommunis t C hin a whi ch rela t e
dir ec tly t o t he secur i t y of t he Uni t ed St a t es t he wi tness took t he
fifth and I raised t his ques t ion becau s e of t he wi t ne ss ad mi ssion
t ha t she advoca t es t he righ t of Co mm un is t China t o have t he a t om
bomb and nuclear weap ons
Mr D O Y L E I am wondering As I t hink O f t he que s t ion Mr J O
hansen asked you and your answer y ou have all egedly Claimed t ha t
all y ou have repor t ed i n y o ur lec t ur es and in your pub l ica t ion i s
fac t
N ow I am sur e Mr Johansen w as no t in t eres t ed in wha t yo ur
hilosoph y Is on t ha t sub j e c t We are no t in t eres t ed in y our p hi
psophy I t Is a question of fac t s we are in t eres t ed I n
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40
ASSIS TANC E
F O R E IG N C OMM U NIS T GO V E R NM E N T S
TO
N ow , manifes tl y , y ou were t hough t
of
b y man y people and b y
y our self as c onsiderable au t hori ty on t he fa c t s in Chin a I t is on
t he b asis of trying to ge t t he fac t s t ha t we are ques t ioning you
Mr Johansen asked you a ques t ion b ased on y o ur knowledge of
—
wha t ever t he fac t s are if y ou know and I assume y ou know from
y our ow n c laims of au t horship and reliabil i t y and selling y our own
publica t ions
I j us t assume t ha t I am no t doing y ou an in j us tice
T herefore ,
I think t he ques tion Mr Johansen asked is ver y relevan t
( Wi t ness c onferred wi t h c ounsel )
Miss R U SS E LL T his is a very deep ques tion of poli tical t heory and
t his is a t hing in which I am no t an exp er t I do s t ud y i t an d t ry t o
unders t and i t bu t I am no t an exper t on t ha t
—
I am not even I t ry t o keep off t ha t sub j e c t b ecause i t is no t
s mething t ha t I unders t and and I don t wan t t o ge t in t o a discussion
0 qi t l ere
Mr D O Y L E Well we are no t in t eres t ed in philosophi c al dis c ussion
We are onl y in t eres t ed in wha t t he fac t is
Miss R U SS E LL Well t his is being discussed very t horoughl y among
t he various Communis t p ar t ies of t he world and I c er t ainl y can t
speak for t hem and t hey t hemselves do n t kn ow y e t t hey are working
?
I j us t don t know
on the t hing ; how can I sp eak for i t
Mr D OY L E You kn ow wha t t he fa c t s are wi t h referen c e to t he
cl aim of R ed China s leadership don t you?
Miss R U SS E LL I s ay t his is a sub j e c t I do no t wa n t t o ge t in t o a
discussion of
Mr D O Y L E Well you don t claim t o have knowledge t hen of
Is t ha t correc t ?
wha t t he fac t is on t ha t sub j ec t
M iss R U SS E LL I d o not have a full knowledge I am s t udy ing i t
I am t rying t o un ders t and i t bu t I do not
I canno t speak for t hem
Mr D O Y L E Well do you k n ow wha t t he fac t is ?
Miss R U SS E LL N o I do no t
Mr D O Y L E G o ahead Counsel please
Mr N I TT L E Miss R ussell t here i s abundan t e vidence t ha t would
j us t ify t he c onclusion t ha t t he Communis t s usually lay a prop agand a
b ase for fu tur e ac t ion or aggression
We recogniz e t ha t t he in c iden t s on t he Chinese Indian border have
re c en t ly c ome to a head N ow t he Daily Cal ifornian repor t s y our
dis c ussion of border con ! ic t b e t ween India and China in 196 0
We would t herefore l ike t o in quire of you whe t her you received
ins truc t ions from any Communis t P ar ty fun c t ionary t o c ondu c t
prop aganda on t his s ub j ec t in 19 6 0 ?
Miss RU SS E LL I did no t
Mr N I T T L E N ow t o re t urn t o your recen t t al k in B al t imore on
January 2 5 1 963 we would like t o no t e t ha t y ou no t onl y exhibi t ed
slides displaying life in Communis t Chin a bu t y ou also t old t he
audience t ha t you could O b t ain from Communis t China an y typ e of
s l ide or any in forma t ion t hey migh t wan t
Would you t ell t he c ommi tt ee fr om whom you ob t a in t hes e slides ?
Miss R U SSE LL I t is t rue I can ge t ma t erial from China Anybody
can wri t e t o Chin a and m y friends t h ere send me S lides if I wr i t e and
ask for t hem
Mr B R UC E Mr C h airman t h e wit ness did no t repl y to t ha t
ques t ion S he wen t beside t h e ques t io n
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ASSIS TANC E
F O R E IG N C OMM U N IS T GO V E RNM E NT S
To
41
Mis s R U SSE LL I say I do O b t ain slides from China
Mr B R UC E Would you have t he repor t er reread t he ques t ion ?
(The repor t er read t he ques t ion )
( Wi tness c onferred wit h coun s el )
Mr N IT T L E Would y ou name t he persons from whom you ob t ain
t he s e slides
Miss R U SSE LL N o I will not
M r N ITT L E —which were exhibi t ed in t he B al t imore lec t ur e ?
Miss R U SSE LL N O I wil l not
Mr J O HA N S E N I ask you Mr C ha irm a n to dire c t t he wi t ness t o
a n swer t ha t que st i on
Mr D O Y L E I direc t you t o answer t h e ques t ion
Miss R U SSE LL I t ake t he fift h amendmen t on t ha t
Mr N IT T L E E dwin S Smi t h of N ew York Ci ty is regis t ered
wi t h t he Uni t ed St a t es D epar t men t of Jus t ice as an a gen t of t he
China P ho t o S ervice of Pe king Chin a a propaganda agen c y of t he
R ed Chinese G overnmen t
D id you O b t ain any of your slides from him?
Miss R U SSE LL I did no t
Mr D O Y L E Ma y I make t his O bserva t ion ? Wi t ness I don t
unders t and h ow you can consis t en tly go bef ore a public group in
B al timore and asser t y our ab ili t y t o ge t any informa t ion
Miss R U SSE LL I didn t say t h a t I said I could ge t slides I
didn t say an y t ype of S lide ei t her I S aid I could ge t
Mr D O Y L E Well you made a public o ffer to ge t slides
Miss R U SSE LL I ge t t hem I wri t e t o China a nd I t ell people
wha t pic t ures I wan t and I ge t t hem
Mr D O Y L E P erhaps we would like t o wri t e t o China and ge t some
s1ides
Miss R U SSE LL You wri t e me and I will ge t t hem for you
Mr J O HA N S E N In o t her word s you are sa ying you declin e t o t ell
t he S ources which co ul d conceivably have some relevancy on t he relia
b il ity and credibil i t y of t hese slides t hemselves
Is t ha t correc t ?
Miss R U SSE LL The slides spea k for t hemselves
Mr J O HA N S E N N ot ne c essaril y
Miss R U SSE LL Yes t he y do
Mr D OY L E Co ul d we p a y you a fee for t h at in form at ion ?
Miss R U SSE LL N o
Mr D OY L E Would you give i t t o us ?
Miss R U SSE LL If you were an individual or if y ou were a friend of
mine and you wan t ed some slides I coul d give you s ome bu t c er
tainl y not in bu sin ess
Mr J O HAN SE N If anyone of t he public not connec t ed rem ot el y
wi t h t his commi tt ee asked for such slides and asked for informa t ion
in order t o f orm t heir own j udgmen t as to t he credib ili ty of t hose
slides— as t o wha t t he s ource was would you discl ose t ha t t o t hem ?
Miss R U SSE LL N O I would no t I am no t in the business of
supplying slides to p eopl e
Mr B R UC E B u t you made a public offer didn t you ?
Miss R U SS E LL N o I did not I said I could ge t t hem for il lus tra
“
t ion Wha t I said w as If you ask me ques t i ons abou t a specifi c
”
sub j ec t I c an ge t slides t o ill us tra t e t ha t
I di d no t mak e a publi c
o ffer t o g et t hem for people
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42
ASSIST ANC E
F O R E I G N C O MM U N I S T GO VE R NM E N T S
To
qui t e correc t B u t you k n ow I asked the audience and
—
o
I welcome ques ti ns I c onsider t ha t t he gravy of my mee ting
b ecaus e I like ques tions— and I say If you ask me a ques tion t ha t I
”
need an illus tra t ion for I can ge t a slide fr om Ch ina
I did not o ffer i t t o t he public
Mr J O HAN SE N Well I t hink Mr Chairman t he commi tt ee is
b eing discrimina t ed agains t b ecause t he wi tness says S he welcomes
ques t i ons bu t t here are some here t ha t she O bviousl y did no t welcome
from us
lVIr D OY L E M ay I sugge s t t o y our counsel I am sur e you are
familiar wi t h t he fac t t ha t Congress has enac t ed legisla tion t ha t
offers immuni ty t o a wi tness
I wo ul d like t o sugges t t ha t we migh t b e in t eres t ed in tha t offer
now t o t his wi tness if S he will reveal t he so urce from which S he ge t s
t he Slides and not sub j ec t her t o having to appear in c our t on t he
sub j ec t of this ques t ion in any way for pleading t he fif th amend men t
(Wi t ness conferred wi t h counsel )
Mr R E I N T he wi t ness has indica t ed S he is no t in t eres t ed in an
offer of immuni t y
Mr D O Y L E Al l righ t t hank you
Proceed Counsel
Mr P O O L Mr Chair man ma y I in t errup t t o ask a ques t ion ?
Mr D O Y L E Y es Mr P ool
Mr P O O L H ave you ever wri tt en and g ott en Slides from Com
munist China for anyone here in t he Uni t ed St a t es ?
Miss R U SSE LL N o I ge t t hem for myself and I some t imes ex
change wi t h p eople here who also have slides from China
Mr P O O L Y ou have go tt en t hem for yourself H ave you given
t hem t o o t her p eople ?
Miss R U SSE LL V arious p eople who have Slides exchange wi t h ea c h
o t her
Mr P O O L Y ou have dis tribu t ed t hem here in t he Uni t ed St a t es ?
Miss R U SSE LL I wouldn t say dis tribu t ed no I woul dn t say
dis tribu t ed
Mr P O O L Wha t do you call i t t hen ?
Miss R U SSE LL T his is qui t e a differen t t hing if I give t o some
b ody who gives m e a Slide and I give t hem a slide T ha t is qui t e a
differen t t hing from dis tribu t ing
Mr J O H A N S E N I t is an exchange I will save my colleague r e
ferring t o her t es t im on y
T ha t is
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Mr P O O L H ave you t old your audiences here in y our lec t ur e s t ha t
you approve of t he R ed Chinese sys t em of governmen t ?
Miss R U SSE LL Well I have explained wha t is happening t o t he
life of t he p eople and t hey make t heir own j udgmen t whe t her t he
t hink i t is good or no t
Mr P O O L You haven t an swered my ques t ion t hough H ave you
t old your audiences ?
Miss RU SSE LL I have t old t hem wha t is happening in China I
have tried t o S how t he changes in t he life of t he Chine se pe ople and
whe t her t hey approve it— now I ge t cri t icism s S ome pe ople appr ove
of i t and some don t
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R
44:
A SSISTA N C E T O F O E IG N
CO Ml /IU N I S T
G OV E R NM EN TS
is
t ha t t hese are reall y c api t alis t s and exploi t ers of t he p eople who
can t s t and i t in t his freed libera t ed S o c ie ty Is t ha t a ccur a t e ?
Is t ha t a fac t ?
Miss R U SSE LL T ha t is p ar t of t he p eople t ha t g o The p eople
who earned t heir living by exploi t ing o t hers and who c ouldn t bear
to live in t he coop era t ive socie t y ; t hey have gone t ha t is t rue
T he o t her p eople have gone b ecause t hey have rela t ives in H ong
Kong and t here are many new j obs open ing up
T here is a t re
mendo ns indus t rial developmen t and even our press says they hav e
t o ge t t he laborers from t he M ainland in order t o carry ou t t hese
n ew developmen t s and t he fields lo ok a li tt le greener over t here and
so p eople go t here
T here are reasons for t ha t
Mr B R UC E You mean t he fields loo k greener
M iss R U SSE LL In H ong Kong
Mr B R U C E I wonder why ?
Miss R U SSE LL Well t here are j obs t here
Mr B R UC E Well wh y wo ul d t he fields loo k greener j us t over t he
1in e ?
Miss RU SS E LL B e c ause t here are s t ill j obs t here for whi c h t he y
ge t p aid and t here are rela t ives Why does a p erson go from N ew
Yor k t o ano t her ci t y t o work ? B ecause he t hinks he is go ing t o ge t
a li ttle b e tt er t hing t ha t kind of t hing
M r §B RU C E Jus t t ha t easy t ha t simple ?
Miss R U SS E LL NO bu t if you read t he comp arison t here I t hin k
you will ge t i t
Mr B R U C E O h I will
Mr P O O L H ave y ou ever re c eived mone y from an y sour c e o t her
t han admission fees ch arged for y our lec t ur es in t he p as t 10 y ears ?
Miss R U SSE LL Well I have I ge t money for subscrip t ions to my
magazine ; I ge t money for speaking ; I ge t money for selling t he
li t era t ur e ; and I also carry p amphle t s and books on t he Far E as t t ha t I
sell t ha t I buy from t he impor t er
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Mr J O HA N S E N Well Mr Chairman has t he wi t ness ever received
an y money from t he Communis t P ar t y ei t her in t he U ni t ed St a t es
or in R ed China or from an y branch of t he in t erna t ional Comm un is t
movemen t ?
Mis s R U SS E LL I have no t I am very careful abou t where my
funds come from If an y of you wan t t o look a t m y boo k s y ou may
a t any t ime s t udy m y boo k s I t is repor t ed I make regul ar repor t s
as a busine s s p erson
Mr J O HA N S EN D id I unders t and correc tl y t ha t t he adver t isemen t s
for your le c t ures and app earances a t leas t on t he P acific Coas t y our
p aid ads t ha t y ou c ause t o b e placed are limi t ed t o t he P eop l e s
World and t he N ational Guardian? I wan t t o clear the record on
t ha t I wasn t sur e
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A SSIST AN C E T O
FO R
E IG N
45
G OV E R NM EN TS
C OIVIIVI U N I S T
Miss R U SS E LL I t hin k so I t hink t hose are t he two T ha t is
wha t I p a y for N ow s ome of my s ub scrib er s when t hey are arr ang
ing mee t ing s t hey may b e p aying for o t hers I d on t kn ow
Mr J O HAN S E N I realize t he di s t inc t i on involved Wha t is t he
p ar t icular audienc e you hO p e t o reach or wha t is t he b a sis for v our
limi t a tion of y our adver t ising t o t hese p ar ti c ular media ?
Miss R U SSE LL Well t hey are bo t h pr ogres sive papers ; and t h e
groups t ha t I sp eak t o are all kinds of groups bu t a grea t m an y pro
r essiv es in t he groups
o
f
sub s cribers also
and
a
grea
t
m
any
my
g
subscrib e t o t h ose m agazines
I t is one way of my le tt ing t hem know I am on t he way
Mr J O HAN SE N D id I unders t and you t o t es t ify earlier t ha t you
deny any knowle dge t ha t ei ther of t ho s e is a Communis t medium ?
Miss R U SSE LL I did ; tha t is righ t yes
Mr J O HA N S E N T han k you
Mr D OY L E I t hink Mr P ool your ques t ion of any o ther incom e
t o the wi t ness was in t ended t o go t o t he area of which Mr Johansen
has in q uired from C ommunis t sources w a sn t i t ?
Mr P O O L T ha t is correc t
Mr D O Y L E Proceed C ounsel
Mr N IT T L E B efore re t urning t o t he U ni t ed S t a t es in 1 94 3 did
y ou confer wi t h an y O fficials of t he Chinese Communis t G overnm en t
and agree t o serve as a prop agandis t for R ed China in t he Uni t ed S t a t es ?
Mi ss R U SSE LL I did no t
Mr N I T T L E Is i t no t a fac t in accep t ing t he key pos t of execu t ive
direc t or of t he Commi tt ee for a D emocra t ic Far E as t ern P olicy in
1 94 5 af t er your re t urn here you did so wi t h t he aim of using t h a t
organiza t ion as a prop agand a agency for t he Chinese Communis t s ?
Miss R U SS E LL N 0
I t is 194 6
Your figur e is wrong
Mr N IT T L E D id you during your visi t t o R ed China in 195 9
confer wi t h an y o fficials o f t ha t Communis t governmen t and agree t o
serve as a propagandis t for R ed China in t he U ni t ed St a t es ?
Miss R U SSE LL I t ake t he fif t h amendmen t on t ha t
Mr N IT T L E H ave y ou ever received an y c ompensa t ion from t he
C hines G o vernmen t or its represen t a t ives for y o ur pro paganda
efior t s p
( Wi t ness conferred wi t h c ounsel )
Miss R U SSE LL Wo ul d you rep ea t t he ques t ion please ?
Mr N IT T L E H ave you ever re c eived an y comp ensa t ion from t he
C i inese G o vernmen t or its represen t a t ives for y o ur propaganda
e or t s ?
Miss R U SSE LL I have received no comp ensa t ion of any k ind
Mr N I T T L E Who paid your exp enses for y our t ravel in China in
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19 5 9 ?
Miss R U SSE LL I t ake t h e fif t h amendmen t on t ha t
Mr N ITT L E Were you a gues t of t he R ed Chinese G o vernm en t ?
Miss R U SS E LL I t ake t he fif t h amendment on t ha t
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46
ASSIS T ANC E
TO
F O R E IG N C O MM UNIS T GO V E R NM E N T S
Mr J O HAN SE N Were you on any prior visi t s to China a gues t
of t h e Chinese C ommuni s t G o vernmen t ?
Miss R U SSE LL I t ake t he fif t h amendmen t on t ha t
Mr D O Y L E M ay I j us t say t his I am qui t e sure from your long
experience as a YWCA execu t ive in China and t hose Chris t ian
—
f
fili
i
n
church a at o s some of us are familiar wit h wha t t hey en t ail
I have y our applica t ion for a passpor t before me and I j us t canno t
I wish t o emphasize I canno t un ders t and how a person wi t h your
b ackground and t raining and former affilia t ions wo ul d hesi t a t e in
1 9 5 9 when you made t hi s applica t ion t o answer any and every
que s t ion on your applica t ion
I can t help bu t no t ice t ha t you refused th e U ni t ed St a t es G o vern
men t an y informa t ion on your applica t ion whe t her or no t you were
or ever had b een a memb er of t he Communis t P ar t y
—
T h ough I recogniz e y our cons t i t u t ional privilege and t hank G od
—
o
o
we have i t in ur C ns t i t u t ion I can t help bu t c onclud e t ha t t here
is some t hing ab ou t t hose ques t ions t ha t you did no t wan t t he American
people t o kn ow including your ow n G o vernmen t which gives yo u
safe t y and pro t ec t ion
Miss R U SSE LL Is t ha t an O bserva t ion or a ques t ion ?
Mr D OY L E I did no t in t end i t as a ques t ion H owever if you
wil l answer i t I wil l make i t a ques t ion
I t is too b ad t ha t t here is an area of secrecy in t he exp eriences of
some p eople so t hey can t share when i t comes t o t he pro t ec t ion of
t heir own N a t ion
Mr J O H A N S E N I migh t add Mr Chairman t ha t t ha t area of
secrec y seems t o emerge always when we ge t t o t he reall y crucial basic
ques t ions
Mr D OY L E T ha t s righ t
G o ahea d Counsel
Mr N I T T L E D id not t he Chinese G overnmen t p ay all of y our ex
penses of t ravel and vi si ta ti on in t he year 1 959 ?
Miss RU SSE LL I t ake t he fif th amendmen t on t ha t
Mr N I TT L E Was not t his a form of comp ensa t ion for p as t p rop a
ganda a ssis t ance and any t ha t you migh t give in t he fu t ure ?
Miss RU SSE LL I t ake t he fif t h amendmen t on t ha t
Mr N I TT L E S ince y our re t urn t o the U ni t ed St a t es have you made
rep or t s rela t ing t o your i t inerary and sp eak ing engagemen t s to any
represen t a t ive or agen t of C ommunis t China ?
( Wi t ne ss c onferred wi t h c ounsel )
Miss RU SSE LL N 0
Mr N I TT L E T o no func t ionary of t he Communis t P ar ty in t he
Uni t ed St a t es ?
Miss R U SSE LL N 0
Mr N I TT L E Are y our sp eaking engagemen t s direc t ed or assis t ed
in any way by func t ionaries of t he C ommunis t P ar t y ?
Miss RU SSE LL N ot t ha t I know of
Mr N I TT L E D id you ever regis t er wi t h t he U ni t ed St a t es D epar t
men t of Ju st ice as an agen t of R ed C hi na ?
Miss RU SSE LL N 0
Mr N I TT L E Miss R us s ell t he Foreign Agen t s R egis t ra t ion Ac t of
”
1 938 defines the t erm publici t y agen t as including any p ers on who
engages direc tly or indirec tly in t he publica t i on or dissemina t i on of
oral visual graphic wri tt en or pic t orial i nforma t ion or ma tt er of
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A SSISTAN C E T O
FO R
E IG N
G O V E R NM EN TS
CONIIVI UN I S T
any kin d including publica t ion by means of adver t ising b ooks
p eri odicals newspapers l ec t ures br oadcas t s mo t ion pic t ures or
”
o t herwise
You will agree I believe t ha t your ac t ivi t ie s clearly fall wi t hin t ha t
defi ni t ion of publici ty agen t ?
Mr R E I N Mr Chairman I don t think i t is fair t o ask the wi tness
a legal ques t ion as t o whe t her or no t I don t think she i s comp e t en t
t o an swer the qu e s t i on and I don t think her answer t o say t ha t she
i s or is no t wi thin t he sc op e O f t he Foreign Agen t s Ac t i s a signi fic an t
answer
I t is obviously a legal qu es t ion and there is no sense in pu tt in g i t
t o t he wi t ne ss
Mr D OY L E Well of course she can plead her cons ti t u tional privi
1eg e
Mr R E I N I don t think i t is a qu es tion of pleading cons ti tu t ional
privil ege
S he Is no t a lawy er
g
Mr D O Y L E Well S he may have had advice by lawyers
Mr R E I N Well she migh t b e asked tha t ques t i ony as t o whe ther
S he has ever consul t ed a lawyer on this sub j ec t bu t I don t t hink S he
should b e asked t o give a legal O pinion
Mr D OY L E Ask t ha t ques t ion would you Counsel ?
Mr R E I N I w il l give a legal opinion t ha t S he is clearly no t wi t hin
t he scop e of the Ac t if you wan t i t I t hink I am comp e t en t t o answer
t he ques t ion
Mr D OY L E Well O f course you aren t t he wi t ness
Mr R E I N Well I d on t think the wi t ness is comp e t en t t o answer
the qu es t ion T ha t is my poin t
Mr N I T T L E B u t y ou are advising t he wi tness no t t o answer t he
qu es t ion none theles s L et m e pass t o ano ther ques t ion P erhap s
S he may agree t o coop era t e in t his respec t
”
T he Ac t als o define s t he t erm f oreign princip al as including an
individual affili a t e d or associa t ed w i t h or supervis ed direc t e d c on
tr olled fin ance d or subsidize d in whole or in p ar t by any foreign
”
princip al
T here remains a ques t ion of whe t her you ar e ac ting for a f oreign
princip al as define d I n t he Ac t
(Wi t ness c onferre d wi t h coun sel )
Mr N IT TL E Are you ac t ing for any individual associa t e d or
affil ia t e d wi t h or supervise d dir ec t e d c on trolle d financed or sub
sidiz ed in whole or in p ar t by any f oreign princip al ?
Miss R U SSE LL N 0
”
Mr N IT T L E The t erm f oreign princip al also include s a govern
men t of a foreign coun try and a f oreign poli t ic al p ar t y Are you
ac t ing for a governmen t of a foreign c oun try ?
Miss R U SSE LL N o
Mr N IT T L E Or a foreign poli t ic al p ar ty ?
Miss R U SSE LL N O
Mr N I TT L E D o you receive in s truc t ions or in f orma t i on from
represen t a t ives of t he Communis t P ar ty ?
Mis s R U SSE LL N o
Mr N I TT L E Are you now a member O f t he Communis t P ar ty ?
Miss R U SSE LL I t ake t he fif t h amendmen t on t ha t as I did
previously
Mr N IT TL E N 0 fur t her ques t ion s Mr Chairman
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48
A SSIST AN C E T O
E IG N
FO R
COL/INI U N I S T
G OV E R NM ENTS
Mr D O Y L E Mr Johansen ?
Mr J O H A N S E N I have j us t one ques t ion t o sum up wha t I un der
s t ood t o be t he wi tness posi t ion in t he in t eres t s of clari ty having t he
re c ord s traigh t
As I unders t an d i t t he wi tness denies a c ting in any wa y as an
agen t of any foreign power or of t he Communis t P ar ty in any of its
in t erna t ional bran c hes bu t she is on her own voli tion s t a ting t he
view t o American audiences an d t he American p eople t ha t t he presen t
Communis t regime in Chin a is good for t he Chin ese p eople
IS t ha t a fair an d accura t e s t a t emen t ?
Miss R U SSE LL I am repor t ing t he fa c t s abou t C hin a which I
t hin k are very good fac ts for t he Chin ese people
Mr J O HAN SE N And as I unders t ood i t you said t ha t included
t he s t a t emen t y ou believed t ha t t he presen t regime w as good for t he
Chinese p eople
Miss R U SSE LL I did yes
Mr J O H A N S E N T han k you T ha t is all
Mr D O Y L E Mr P ool ?
Mr P O O L I have n o ques t ions
Mr D O Y L E Mr S chadeberg ?
Mr S C HA D EBE R G I have j us t t wo ques t ions
—
n
Miss R ussell y ou s t a t ed I t hi k an d if I am no t Corre c t you
—
can inform me t ha t y o ur pur pose in t he lec t ures an d t he publi
ca t ions t ha t you have w as t o help t he American p eople un ders t an d
wha t is going on in Chin a
Miss R U S SE LL Yes
Mr S CHA D EB E R G Well on t h a t b asis do you feel tha t in ord er t o
unders t and wha t is g oi ng on in China t he p eople ough t t o know som e
of t he adverse condi t ions t ha t are t aking place in China also ?
Miss R U SSE LL I also rep or t tha t b ecause th ere is a grea t deal of
inf orma tion in the Chinese press and in the foreign press ab ou t t ha t
As I said earlier t h ere is repor t ed in t he foreign press and when i t
is in t he foreign press i t comes from t he Chinese press and t ha t is
also repor t ed
T hey do have problems
T hey have ver y serious problems
T he y
make mis t akes and these are repor t ed
Mr S CHA D EB E R G T he y are repor t ed in le c t ures ?
Miss R U SS E LL Y es sir
Mr S CHA D EB E R G I have one o ther ques t ion
D o y ou possess or have you published any fac t s on the increase or
decrease in Chris t ian church memb ership and in wha t ag e group s
such increase or decrease migh t have t aken place in China ?
Miss R U SSE LL N o I haven t b ecause the church groups pu t out
bulle t ins on t ha t and t ha t goes out qui t e widel y and I ge t t hose
bulle t ins too I me an t he N a tional Chris t ian Council furnishes bul
l etins on t ha t
Wh en I t alk ab ou t i t I quo t e from t h ose
Mr S C HA D EBE R G IS i t y our knowledge t ha t i t has in creased or
has de c reased ?
Miss R U SSE LL Well t he number of Chris t ians in China have de
creased T hey figured before t ha t t hey numbered abou t four mill ion
T ha t in cludes bo t h R oman Ca t holi c s and P r ot es t an t s
I t hink t he figure t oday is t hree million or less T here are no mor e
”
”
rice C hris t ians in China D o you know wha t a ri c e Chris t ian is ?
Mr S CHA D EBE R G Y es
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ASSIS T AN C E
F O R E IG N CO MM U NI ST GO V E R NM E N T S
TO
49
Miss R U SSE LL The p eople who are in i t t o ge t S ome t hing ou t of i t
and t he p eople who are in i t t o ge t some thing ou t of i t c er t ainl y have
evapora t ed
I t hink t he p eople who are in t he c hurch in China t oday are real
believers I mean t hey really believe in t heir Chris t ian and t heir
relig ious phil osophy so I t hink t he Church is s tronger t hough smaller
Mr J O H A N S E N Wil l t he gen t leman yield ?
Mr S CH A D E BE R G Y es I yield
Mr J O H A N S E N You men t ioned an organiza t ion t ha t was t he source
of t hese s t a t is t ics
Miss R U SSE LL Y es
Mr J O H A N S E N Wha t w as t he name of t ha t ?
Miss RU SSE LL Well i t is under t he N a t ional Chris t ian Council
o
n
D
now
hey
have
t
heir
headquar
t
ers
R
iverside
rive in
o
k
T
u
y
N ew Y ork
Mr J O HA N S E N Is i t t he N a t ional Co un cil of Chur ches ?
Miss R U SSE LL The N a tional Council of Churches I guess and
t hen t here is a China division of i t which publishes a regular bulle t in
giving fac t s from China abou t t he Chris t ian movemen t in China
1
qui t e full
Mr S CHA D EB E R G Ma y I j us t make one o t her commen t ? And
t ha t is I t is your unders t anding t hen t ha t i t has decreased b y abou t
a million ?
Mi ss R U SSE LL I t has de c reased in numb ers
Mr S CHA D E BE R G And t he p opula t ion of China prob abl y has
increased ?
Miss R U SSE LL T ha t is righ t I t is a small segmen t of China I t
always has b een a sma l l segmen t bu t qui t e an impor t an t segmen t I
would say
Mr S CHA D EBE R G S o you t hink t ha t t he a t heis t Communis t go vern
men t of China has d one a grea t service t o t he Chr is t ian chur ch in
purifying t he church ?
Miss R U SSE LL Well I t hink t ha t t he m emb ers of t he church are
p eople t ha t reall y b elieve in i t now reall y b elieve in i t and t ha t of
course is a s t reng t hening and I wen t t o s ome of t he Ci t ies I visi t ed
qui t e a numb er of t he Chur ches and where you had b efore qui t e a
numb er O f chur ches sca tt ered all o ver t he Ci t ies you now had mayb e
T h Fa E a s t rn O ffi c o f th D ivi s i o n o f For i gn M i ss i ons f th N ati o na l C o u nci l f C hur ch s i ss u d
a Chin B ull tin sup rs d d in 1962 by C hin N t In r sp ons t o an Inq uir y f om thi s c omm itt N C C
tafi m m b rs s tat d th y w r un a bl t o l o c at th ro u g h ind
s t o N C O pu bl i c ati ons s tati s ti c s si m il ar
t o th os giv n by M au d R us s ll
E vi d nc with r s p c t t o th p rs i s t nt p rs c uti on f C h r istian c hurc h s und r th C hin s C omm u ni s t
r g im is c ontain d in N C C pu bl i c ati ons h o w v r T h N C C pamph l t C hin C n ul t ti n— 1958 c arr i d
an ar ti cl by Fr anc i s P J o n s
d it or o f th N C C Chin B ull tin whi c h d cl ar d in part
I t i s s timat d that th Pro t s tant m m b rship in C omm uni s t C hina dro pp d from ab o ut a
mi ll i on in 1949 t o n t mor than
in 1952
L if has b n d iffi c u l t for th s C h r i s tia ns
T h y hav b n har a ss d and d i s cr i m inat d a g ains t in b o th
o ffi c ial nd uno ffi c ial way s
th s t or i s hav m ul tip li d f C h r i s tian s tu d nts n t all o w d t o c o ntinu
stu d i s C hr stian nurs s in h os pital s b ing a ssi gn d t o th mos t m nial and d i s ta st ful d uti s and h am i li
t ons h ap d up on past ors j u s t b c au s th y a pa st ors
D ur ing th p r i o d f l a nd
d t ib uh on 1951 1953 all c o untr y c hurc h s w r
ffic ially cl os d
t o d a y fi y ars aft th l and r d i stri b uti on pro gr a m c am t o an end m any o f th os c o untr y chur ch s
hav s ti ll not b n all o w d t o r o p n
Th C omm uni s t G o v rnm nt s c ontro l o f th l if o f v r y c iti n in R d C h ina i s so c om p l t that it i s
d i ffi c u l t t o find tim for chu c h a ctiviti s
T h c or p or at l if of m any of th chu ch s o f C hina ha s b n s ti ll fu th r d i s tur b d by th r uth l ss arr s t
and i m pri so nm nt o f m any o f th ir l a d rs
N o n o f th os r l as d from pri so n has b n abl t o
In H una n
r s um hi s form r work
o ut s tand ng pr ach r in ac h o f [ th thr m aj or]
th
chur ch s was c ond mn d a s a r i ghti st d uring th pa s t y ar and d i ni d from hi s p ost
T h C o mm unist s y s t m a dd s a no th r d ffi cu l t y t o c hur c h l if in th fa c t that th n w c onom i c s y s t m
ind d th pr s nt d m and i s that v r y pa s t or s upp or t him
m ak s chur ch s upp or t v ry d ffic u l t
s l f by m anual l ab or and h i s b ng r i d i cul d as a par a it ifh d o s not m ak hi s c ontr i b uti on t o th o
nomi c b u l ding up of th c o untr y
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A SSIST AN C E
50
F O R E IG N CO MM U N IST G O V E R NM EN TS
To
fo ur or five whi c h I a tt ended one S unday morning and qui t e a
number of t hem had edu c a t ional dir ec tors and o t her programs a
1
grea t s treng t hening of t he church in t ha t yo u see
Mr J O H A N S E N When w as t ha t ?
Miss R U SSE LL T ha t is when I w as in China
Mr J O H A N S E N When w as t ha t ?
Miss R U SSE LL I t ake t he fif t h amendmen t on t ha t
Mr D O Y L E 19 5 9 ?
Miss R U SSE LL I t ake t he fif t h amendmen t on t ha t
Mr S CHA D EB E R G M ay I ask ano t her ques t ion if I m ay please ?
Ar e t hese Chr is t ian p a s t ors suppor t ed by t he Communis t P ar t y ?
Miss R U SS E LL T hey are suppor t ed by t heir members
Mr S CHA D EB E R G B y free will O ffering ?
Miss R U SS E LL Yes by free will offering and all t he Chris t ian
groups in China are considered p eople s movemen t s I mean all
t he religious gr oups
Y ou have B uddhis t s T aois t s Chr is t ians and Mohammedans
T hey are all considered people s movemen t s and facili t ies for serv
ices are available t o all t hese groups T o t ha t ex t en t t he Chr is t ian
group is aided as are all t he p eople s movemen t s in Chin a
Mr J O H A N S E N Mr Chair man ?
When Miss R ussell did you leave Chin a a t t he t ermin a t ion of
y our work wi t h t he YWCA ?
Miss R U SSE LL 194 3
Mr J O H A N S E N H ave y ou b een t here s in ce ?
M iss R U SSE LL I t ake t he fif t h amendmen t on t ha t
Mr J O HA N S E N Well now I make t he poin t Mr Chairman t ha t
t he wi tness has O pened up t his line O f que s t ioning b y referring t o a
t rip made to China or a visi t t o China when she visi t ed all of t hese
churches and saw t hese t h ings t ha t she t es t ified t o ; and I sugge s t
t ha t she has waived her privileges under t he fif t h amendmen t wi t h
re spec t to her 1 959 t rip
Mr D OY L E Well I t h ink t here is no ques t ion ab ou t i t T here
f ore I will ins t ruc t t he wit ness t o answer t ha t ques t ion
(Wi t ness conferred wi t h counsel )
Mr D OY L E And do i t as Mr Johansen s ays on t he basis t ha t
you y our self volun t eered t ha t you had seen a change in t he a tt endan ce
in t he ch ur ches and all You visi t ed t he ch urche s
I ins truc t you t o answer t he ques t ion
Miss R U SSE LL I t ake t he fif t h amendmen t on t ha t
Mr D O Y L E You unders t and t he ques t ion Mr Johansen asked
Wi
t
nes
s
?
Y
o
under
s
t
ood
Mr
Johansen
s
ques
t
ion
?
o
u
u
y
Miss RU SSE LL Yes
Mr D OY L E Will you answer his ques t ion ? I saw you S hake your
head bu t I didn t hear any answer
Miss R U SSE LL Which ques t i on are you referrin g t o ?
Mr D O Y L E Will you read t he ques t ion R epor t er ?
(T he repor t er read t he ques t ion of Mr Johansen as follows :
H ave you been t here
Mr D OY L E Did you hear t he rep or t er read t ha t que st ion ?
Miss RU SSE LL Yes
S
foo tno t p 30
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I NDE!
IN D I V I D U A L S
g
Pa e
B ev c , Vl a d i slav
36
1, 2 , 1 0 , 1 1, 13, 1 4
3
1, 2 , 1 0 — 13
2 1 , 3 1, 3 9
B l ossom Fr ed eric k A
B r own ell H er b er t J r
C hi -Ch o u H u an g
C hian g K ai sh ek
C hol mel ey E l si e Fair f ax
(S ee Fair f ax Chol mel ey E l si e )
C h o u En lai
C lar k T om C
C ol em an J C
C r om w ell E d i th (S ee Fair f ax -Chol mel ey E l si e )
D allin D avi d J
d e l os R i os D E nri q u e
D enni s E u g en e ( b orn Franci s ! avi er Wal dr on ; al so k n own as P a u l E u g en e
Wal sh ; Mil ton )
E p stein Is ra el
E p stein Mrs Isra el (S ee Fair f ax Chol mel ey E lsi e )
Fair f ax -Chol mel ey E l si e ( Mrs Isra el E pstein ; al so k n own as Mar y
E pstein E d i th r omwell)
3
,
,
,
-
-
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,
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,
-
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,
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,
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,
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,
,
-
.
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.
,
2 7, 2 8
12
22
36
14 , 1 5
2 , 14 , 1 9
,
"
Fan C hi en ya
Fi el d Fr ed eric k ( Van der b il t)
Fra y J eff er y
G r een e F elix
H a y es D or oth y
H u an g C hi Ch ou (S ee C hi Ch ou H u an g )
J on es Franci s P
Kinn ey Mari on
L oh R ob er t
Mao T se t u n g
Mornard J ac q u es ( al so k n own as J ac q u es Mornar d Vandendr eschd ;
Fran k J acson)
33
N earin g S c ott
1 10
P enha Arm an d o
1 4 33
R ein D avi d
3 9
R u ssell Ma u d M u ri el
9— 5 1 (testi m on y )
S an t wir e Mil ton J oseph
33
S chn ei d er A ni t a B ell ( Mrs Vir g il A S chn ei der ; alia s S eet a)
S m i th E d win S
S t alin J osef ( Iosi f Vissarionov ich D z h u g a shvili)
S tr on g A nn a L ouis e
T h om pson
T ravis H el en S i m on ( Mrs Rob er t Travi s ; nee L evi also k n own as Maxin e
L evi )
4 32 33 3 5
Tr otsky L ev ( L eon) ( b orn L ev D avi d ovich B r on stein )
33
V andendreschd J ac q u es Mor nar d
(S ee Mornard J ac q u es )
Warr en S u san ( Mrs R icha rd Fr an k ; nee S us an Mil dr ed Heilig man) 3 4 3 1 3 2
Yer g an Max
22
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"
O R GA NI !
A TI O
NS
A m erican Peac e C r u s a de : S ou th ern C alifornia P eac e Cr us a de :
P eac e F or u m
C hina A i d C o u ncil
C hina P h ot o S ervic e ( Pek in g C hina)
,
“
S an
D i eg o
I N DE!
ii
P ag e
C oll eg e C l u b ( B al t i m or e M d )
C omm i ttee for a D em ocrat ic Far E a stern P olic y
2 3 22
C omm u ni st P oli tical Associati on ( Ma y 1 94 4 t o J u l y 1 9 4 5)
Fac u l ty of S ocial S ci enc e T he
Fri en ds of B ri ti sh G u iana
Fri end s of C hin ese D em ocrac y
I n st i t u t e of P aci fi c R ela t i on s
J eff er son S ch ool of S o cial S ci enc e
J ohn s H op k in s U niver si ty ( B al t i m or e M d
Marxist F or u ms
M ed ical A i d t o C u b a C omm i tt ee L os A n gel es b ran ch
M et h od i st F ed erat i on for S ocial A c t i on O r egon chap ter
N at i onal C ou ncil of t he C h u rch es of C hr i st in t he U S A
O p en F or u m of M ar y lan d
S an D i eg o P eac e F or u m
(S ee en t r y u n d er A m erican P eac e C r u sa d e )
S L AT E
,
.
,
"
23
3, 32
32
1
28
_
,
_
10
32
,
,
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.
.
4 8, 4 9
1 5 , 2 4 —2 6
.
U S G ov ern m en t :
.
.
C on g r ess
S enate U ni t ed S t at es :
In t ernal S ec u ri t y S u b c omm i ttee of the Ju d iciar y C omm i tt ee
S u b v er siv e A c t ivi t i es C on tr ol B oar d
U niv er si t y of C ali fornia ( B er k el ey C al
U niv er si t y of Mar y lan d ( C oll ege P ar k M d )
Wa shin gton Cu l t u ral Co op ( Wa shin gt on St ate)
Y ou n g M en s C hri st ian A ssociat i on ( Y M C A )
Y ou n g Wom en s C hr i st ian A ssociati on ( Y WC A )
C hina
L i b rar y
of
,
,
,
.
-
’
’
Alli ed L a b or
Amer asia
N ews
P U B L I CA TI O N S
C hina B u ll etin
C hina N otes
D ail y C al if orn i an ( U niv er si ty of California st u d en t n ewspap er )
Far E a st Rep or ter
Far E a st S p otli g ht
H u a S han g Pao ( C hin ese C omm ercial D ail y H on g Kon g)
P r og r essiv e L a b or m a g a z in e
S ocial Questi on s B u ll et in
,
35
10
14
29