ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS
ACIDS
Taste:
Sour taste in edible acids, like citric acid
Touch:
Corrosive
React with many substances, like metals in rust
removal
Behaviour in Water:
Reacts and releases hydrogen ions in an aqueous
solution.
Ex:
HCl (aq) H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
BASES
Taste:
Bitter taste in edible bases, like coffee and tea
Touch:
Highly corrosive, like in cleaning products
Slippery feel
Reaction with Water:
Reacts and releases hydroxide (OH-) ions
Ex:
NaOH (aq) Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
MEASURING ACIDS AND BASES ON THE PH SCALE
To measure how acidic or basic a substance is,
you used the pH scale.
The pH value of a solution is a number which
expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions
in the solution.
Acidic
Solutions: pH < 7 (less than)
Basic Solutions: pH > 7 (greater than)
Neutral Solutions: pH = 7 (the same number of H
as OH in the solutions)
NAMING ACIDS
Two types of acids; binary acids and oxoacidsl
Binary Acids: HCl (aq) hydrochloric acid
1. The root of the non-metal name is used.
2. The prefix hydro- is added.
3. The ending –ic acid is added.
Oxoacids: H2SO4 (aq) sulfuric acid
1. write the name of the polyatomic ion without the –ite or –
ate ending.
2. If it ended in –ate, replace it with –ic
3. If it ended in –ite, replace it with –ous
4. Add the word acid
NAMING BASES
Bases are named using the same IUPAC
guidelines we used when naming ionic
compounds because many bases are
composed of metal ions and hydroxide ions.
They also often have household names
NaOH
sodium hydroxide a.k.a. Lye, caustic soda
Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide a.k.a. Milk of
Magnesia
SALTS
Neutralization is the reaction of an acid and base to
form a salt and water.
This process renders the product(s) neutral because as
the H and OH ions are removed to form water, the
solution approaches pH 7.
Salts are used to neutralize the effects of acidic and basic
reactions such as heartburn, acid rain in lakes, and even to
make batteries and fertilizers.
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
What type of reaction is this?