Richmond
Social Science 2 is a collective work, conceived, designed
and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana,
under the supervision of Teresa Grence Ruiz.
TEXT
Vicente Camacho
Carmen Ríos
ENGLISH ADAPTATION
Bilingual department, Santillana
MANAGING EDITOR
Sheila Tourle
PUBLISHER
Sue Ashcroft
ILLUSTRATIONS
Quino Marín Márquez
José Manuel Córdoba
PRIMARY
Social Science
Contents
Topics
Unit
Cities and villages
1 Where we live
The local council
4
Help a neighbourhood
association
Hello, neighbour!
Think before you buy
Jobs in nature
Jobs
Jobs in factories and workshops
12
Jobs in services
Types of transport
3
Songs
Living together
Raw materials and products
2
Know how to
Travel and
communication
Send an email
Road safety
Types of communication
22
New technologies
TERM REVISION
The states of water
Water in nature
4 Water and air
Do an experiment with
water
The water cycle
Water and living things
34
Air
What is the weather like?
5 The weather
Interpret a weather map
Weather instruments
44
Weather and climate
Landscapes change
Describe a landscape
Take care of our planet
Inland landscapes
6 Landscapes
Coastal landscapes
52
Rivers in different landscapes
TERM REVISION
Stars and planets
7
The solar system
The Universe
Compare the planets in
the solar system
The Earth and the Sun
64
The Moon
This is our Earth
The oceans and continents
8 The Earth
Interpret symbols on a
map
Rocks and minerals
74
The points of the compass
The past, the present and the
future
9 Time passes
Write about events in
your life
That was then
Clocks and calendars
Things change with time
84
Then and now
TERM REVISION
Where is Spain?
three
3
6
Landscapes
mountain
hill
wood
plain
village
farm
bridge
road
river
motorway
6.1
Name and point to the features in the picture.
Name some natural features in this landscape.
Name some man-made features in this
landscape.
SPEAKING. Describe a landscape you like. Are
there mountains? Is there a river? Is it inland or
by the sea?
52
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KNOW HOW TO
FINAL TASK
Describe a landscape.
Landscapes change
1
Look at the big picture. Write the natural and man-made features in the
correct place.
natural
features
man-made
features
2
How has this landscape changed? Write 1, 2 and 3.
3
Look and match.
flat land
high land
Landscapes have many natural features. They also have many
man-made features.
fifty-three
53
Inland landscapes
Inland landscapes are a long way from the sea.
There are mountains and plains.
Mountain landscapes
Mountains are areas of high land.
When many mountains are close
together, they form a mountain range.
In mountain landscapes you can see
woods, valleys and plateaus. A
plateau is a high, flat plain.
peak
slope
Villages in mountain areas are small.
They have few inhabitants. The roads
are narrow and winding, with tunnels.
foot
Landscapes on plains
Landscapes on plains are flat.
Sometimes there are low hills.
There are many villages and towns on
plains. They are connected by roads
and railway lines. There are farms
and crops on the plains.
54
1
Do you live near a mountain landscape or on a plain?
2
WORK WITH THE PICTURE. Name the natural and man-made features in
each picture.
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6
3
Look and complete the sentences.
6.2
4
M”ountainfi a®æ
a®eafi
o‡ lan∂.
M”an¥ mountainfi to@et™e® forµ å
.
Look and match.
plateau
Flat land between
mountains.
5
valley
hill
A high, flat plain.
A very small mountain.
Draw these things on the mountain. Then write the names.
Draw a wood on the slope.
Draw a house at the foot.
Draw a castle on the peak.
Inland landscapes are a long way from the sea. They include mountains
and plains.
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55
Coastal landscapes
The coast is land near the sea. There is low land with beaches of
sand. Or, there is high land with rocky cliffs.
beach
cliff
In coastal areas, there are capes and islands.
A cape is a piece of land that sticks out into the sea. An island is a
piece of land completely surrounded by sea.
cape
In coastal areas, there are many man-made features. You can see
lighthouses, villages and cities. Many people live on the coast. In
summer, many people go on holiday to the coast.
1
56
WORK WITH THE PICTURE. Explain the difference between a beach
and a cliff.
fifty-six
island
6
2
What is the coastal landscape like? Tick (✓) the true sentences.
6.3
Coastal natural features are the same as inland natural features.
The coast is always flat and sandy.
All islands are completely surrounded by water.
A cliff is a high rocky piece of land next to the sea.
More people live on the coast than in the mountains.
3
Look and match.
cliff
cape
lighthouse
port
4
Write the words for the places on the coast.
Its light helps boats to be safe at night. his is where boats come and go
T
with merchandise. On the coast, we can find beaches, cliffs, ports, villages and cities.
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57
Rivers in different landscapes
A river is a moving body of fresh water. The route a river
takes is called the course. Rivers flow through many
different landscapes.
Rivers in the mountains
All rivers begin in the mountains at
the source. They flow down through
valleys. Here, rivers are narrow. They
carry little water. They flow fast.
Rivers on the plains
Rivers are wider here. They carry a lot
of water. They get water from
tributaries, small rivers that flow into
larger rivers. The course is full of
bends, called meanders.
Rivers on the coast
The end of a river is called the
mouth. Here, rivers meet the sea.
Rivers flow slowly at the mouth.
1
58
WORK WITH THE PICTURE. Imagine you take a boat from the source of
this river to its mouth. What can you see? Is the land high or low? Is
the river wide or narrow, fast or slow?
fifty-eight
6
2
Complete the sentences.
R”i√±rfi begi> i> t™æ mountainfi a† t™æ
.
T™e¥ flo∑ acrosfi t™æ
an∂ t™e¥ en∂ a†
t™æ
.
3
What are rivers like in different parts of their course? Write.
In the mountains
Here, rivers are narro‰
water.
They carry
They flow
On the plains
.
Here, rivers are They carry
They are full of
4
.
.
water.
.
What is a tributary? Tick (✓) the correct sentence.
Mark it (✗) on the picture.
A river that meets the coast and flows
into the sea.
A river that flows into another river.
Rivers start in the mountains and end in the sea. The route a river takes is
called the course.
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59
Know how to
Describe a landscape
1
Stick or draw a picture of
a landscape with a river.
2
What type of landscape is it? Tick (✓).
mountains
3
plains
What features can you see in your landscape?
natural
features
man-made
features
60
sixty
4
What is your river like? Write.
5
Write two sentences about your landscape.
coast
6
Revision
1
SUMMARY. Complete the chart about landscapes.
6.4
Inland landscapes
Landscapes
Coastal landscapes
2
What are rivers like in these landscapes? Complete.
I> t™æ mountainfi, ri√±rfi a®æ
.
O> t™æ plainfi, ri√±rfi a®æ
.
O> t™æ coas†, ri√±rfi a®æ
.
Show your skills
3
Choose
one of these activities:
Activities
A. Make a plasticine model of
a landscape. Include natural
features and man-made
features.
B. I nvestigate. Find out
about a river near you.
Where is the source?
Where is the mouth?
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61
TERM REVISION
1
What are the different states of water? Write.
2
Tick (✓) the drinking water.
3
What is the weather like today where you live?
4
What do these instruments measure? Match.
It measures rainwater.
It measures the temperature.
It indicates the wind direction.
It measures the wind speed.
62
sixty-two
TERM 2
5
Look and match.
6
What can you see in this landscape? Colour the correct words.
cliffs
beach
hills
plains
river
plateau
mountains
cape
Is it a mountain landscape or a coastal landscape?
7
What are rivers like? Think and write.
in the mountains
on the plains
on the coast
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63