ISSN: 2249-7196
IJMRR/Aug 2015/ Volume 5/Issue 8/Article No-5/629-635
A. Pappu Rajan et. al., / International Journal of Management Research & Review
IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE PRIDE AND A SENSE OF BELONGING TO THE
ORGANIZATION ONE WORKS IN?
Perpetua Christina Fernandez1, A.Pappu Rajan*1
1
Asst. Prof, St.Joseph’s Institute of Management,St.Joseph’s College (Autonomous),
Tiruchirappalli,TamilNadu, India.
ABSTRACT
Employees' performance has been established to be directly related to employees' motivation.
This assertion was corroborated by different management theories since the works of
Frederick Taylor on 'The Principle of Scientific Management' in 1911 and Henry Gantt on
'Works, Wages and Profits' in 1913. Modern employees' motivation management methods
have evolved which discredited Taylor's "differential rate piece-work" and Gantt's "task and
bonus wage" systems. The definition of motivation is to give reason, incentive, enthusiasm,
or interest that causes a specific action or certain behavior. Motivation is present in every life
function. Simple acts such as eating are motivated by hunger. Education is motivated by
desire for knowledge. Motivators can be anything from reward to coercion. There are two
main kinds of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is internal. It occurs
when people are compelled to do something out of pleasure, importance, or desire. Extrinsic
motivation occurs when external factors compel the person to do something. In this paper
deals concept of motivation and identify how Sense of Belonging is as a motivating factor
and questionnaire method was used to collect data. The sample size is 70. All hypothesis
were tested by using SPSS. This page covers introduction, review of literature, research
methodology with findings and suggestions.
Keywords: Motivation, factors influencing motivation.
INTRODUCTION
One of the most sought after qualities, while recruiting a person into a company is that of
motivation. An individual who is motivated to be productive at all times is an asset to the
organization. Another criterion that recruiters have in mind is the ability of the individual to
fit into the company, an individual who feels “at home” in his workplace. It is important to
have pride and a sense of belonging to the organization one works in. The definition of
motivation is to give reason, incentive, enthusiasm, or interest that causes a specific action or
certain behavior. Motivation is present in every life function. Simple acts such as eating are
motivated by hunger. Education is motivated by desire for knowledge. Motivators can be
anything from reward to coercion. This paper deals with motivation.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Goksenin Inalhan et al.(2005), this paper titled as Place attached and sense of belonging and
they discussed described the development of a model-matchmaking process adapted from
*Corresponding Author
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A. Pappu Rajan et. al., / International Journal of Management Research & Review
Passini's model of cognitive mapping. This paper indicated that the emergence of the new
economy is undermining employee ability to form attachments with people, places and
companies.
Carol Goodenow (2008), he has published paper on the Sense of Belonging and Its
Relationship to Academic Motivation among Pre- and Early Adolescent Students. This study
investigated the relationship of students' sense of belonging in their classes to measures
related to motivation, student effort, and academic achievement. This paper also discussed
students’ expectations of academic success, students' intrinsic interest in the schoolwork in
the particular subject, course grades and teacher ratings of students' effort.
Anna Axelsson et al.(2009), They have published a case study of Volvo Car Corporation on
Reward Systems - Motivating different generations. The case study mainly pointed out how
reward system can be one of the motivation factors among employees. Each generation has
its own characteristics and factors they are motivated by mainly based on experiences.
Reward systems are often used to motivate employees to greater performance.
RESEARCH STUDY
Statement of the Problem
An individual who is motivated to be productive at all times is an asset to the organization.
Another criterion that recruiters have in mind is the ability of the individual to fit into the
company, an individual who feels “at home” in his workplace. It is important to have pride
and a sense of belonging to the organization one works in. Taking this into account, the
research problem has been stated as follows: “Sense of Belonging to the Organization as a
factor of Motivation”.
Need of the Study
The organization is about 25 years old and has been providing Service since its inception.
Some of the organization’s employees have been working there for almost 20 years. These
employees have a high sense of loyalty and belonging to the Organization. The study
attempts to understand if this sense of belonging has any bearing on their motivation to
perform their work. The study also aims to determine if a similar sense of belonging can be
seen among its newer and younger employees and to determine if demographic variables
have any relationship to the same. The results of the study are expected to produce a fairly
realistic view of the existent levels of the tested parameters. The organization was very
cooperative in the conduct of the study and is very eager to know the outcome and
implications of the study
Objectives
To study Sense of Belonging as a motivating factor
To determine the impact of Sense of Belonging on motivation
To identify the other benefits gained from sense of belongingness.
To provide suggestions towards improving the Sense of Belonging of the employees.
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A. Pappu Rajan et. al., / International Journal of Management Research & Review
Hypothesis
There is a significant association between age of the respondents and sense of belongingness
to the organization.
There is a significant difference between experience of the respondents and sense of
belongingness to the organization.
There is a significant difference between income of the respondents and sense of
belongingness to the organization.
There is a significant association between various dimensions of sense of belongingness and
their overall motivation
Pilot Study
The researcher after having regularly visited the organization and through discussion with
personnel officer learned and felt the need of the organization. The researcher also had
informal discussions with the executives of various department of the organization to know
the feasibility of conducting the study. They shared their experiences about their job profile
and they also shared the difficulties faced by them. And from this the researcher could get
some idea about the universe which, in turn Helped To Formulate And Prepare A Suitable
Questionnaire.
Research Design
In this study the researcher adapted descriptive design as more appropriate than any other
type of design. Descriptive study accurately portrays the characteristics of a group hence the
researcher has adopted descriptive design for his study.
Universe
The universe is the totality of units from which the sample is selected or derived. The
universe for this present study comprises of 70 employees.
Sampling Design
Sampling is the process of learning about the population on the basis of a sample drawn from
it. A sample is a part of the population that is selected for the purpose of investigation. The
research is a census survey. A census survey is one in which all the members of the universe
are considered for the purpose of the survey. The sample size is 70.
Sources of Data Collection
Primary Data
Primary data are those which are collected a fresh and for the first time and thus happens to
be original in character. Under primary method of data collection several methods are
available. For this study questionnaire method is used.
Secondary data
Company profile and previous reports were used as a secondary data for this study.
Tools for Data Collection
The researcher has developed a questionnaire for measuring the sense of belonging to the
organization and the levels of motivation among the employees. The choice of the
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questionnaire was made because of the reason that it would be easy to understand or
convenient for the respondents who have a busy work schedule. Most of the employees are
well educated and have the ability to read and write. For those who lack this ability, the
researcher as acted like interviewer to explained the questions and noted their responses. The
questionnaire had in total 20 questions and 4 point Likert scale method used for each of the
statements.
Statistical Tools
The Statistical Package for Social Sciences is used by the researcher to aid in the process of
analyzing and interpreting the data using tools such as Percentage and Frequency Analysis,
Cross tabulations and Correlation as the statistical tool.
Pre Testing
Pre-test is essential to finalize the relevant questions and drop irrelevant ones for the final
draft of the questionnaire. In order to ensure grated clarity, validity, pre-testing is done with
limited number of respondents and necessary modifications will make like adding few more
questions.
Limitations of the Study
This study is confined to only one organization.
This study was carried amidst a severe time constraint.
Since the data was collected using questionnaires, there is a possibility of ambiguous replies
or omission of replies altogether to certain items mentioned in the questionnaire.
FINDINGS
Table 1: Dimensions of sense of belongingness as motivation factor
S.No
Various dimensions of sense of
belongingness as a factors of
motivation
Responsibility & Ownership
Low
High
Team Work
Low
High
Recognition
Low
High
Achievement
Low
Overall motivation
Statistical inference
Low (n=32)
High (n=38)
24 (75%)
8 (25%)
9 (23.7%)
29 (76.3%)
X2=18.358 Df=1
.000<0.05
Significant
26 (81.2%)
6 (18.8%)
7 (18.4%)
31 (81.6%)
X2=27.519 Df=1
.000<0.05
Significant
27 (84.4%)
5 (15.6%)
7 (18.4%)
31 (81.6%)
X2=30.250 Df=1
.000<0.05
Significant
27 (84.4%)
11 (28.9%)
High
5 (15.6%)
27 (71.1%)
X2=21.506 Df=1
.000<0.05
Significant
Benefits gained from sense of
belongingness
Low
High
28 (87.5%)
4 (12.5%)
15 (39.5%)
23 (60.5%)
X2=16.911 Df=1
.000<0.05 Significant
Research hypothesis
There is a significant association between various dimensions of sense of belongingness and
their overall motivation
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A. Pappu Rajan et. al., / International Journal of Management Research & Review
Null hypothesis
There is no significant association between various dimensions of sense of belongingness and
their overall motivation
Statistical test
Chi-square test used the above hypothesis.
The above table 1 reveals that there is a significant association between various dimensions
of sense of belongingness and their overall motivation. Since, the calculated value is lesser
than table value (p<0.05). Hence the research hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis
is rejected.
Other Findings
Majority (94.3 percent) of the respondent’s income follows within the category of 5000 to
25000. (88.5 percent) feel a positive connection between their skills and educational
qualifications and the opportunities that their jobs give them. 95.7% of the employees either
strongly agree or agree that they help each other out with their work when they make
mistakes. Majority (91.4 %) of the employees have a strong sense of belonging to the
Organization. (94.3%) of the employees are motivated to try to work to the best of their
ability. (98.6 percent) of the respondents try everything possible within their power to meet
the targets set by the management. (62.9%) of the employees strongly agree or (37.1%) of the
employees agree that they take responsibility for their actions. 85.7% of the employee’s
families feel positively about their association with the organization. 88.6% of the employees
feel that they are a valuable part of the organization and that their work counts.90.3 % of the
employees feel satisfied at the end of each day with the work that they have done.
Majority 94.3% of the employees feel a sense of accomplishment when their efforts pay off
and they are able to complete a difficult task that has been assigned to them. 57.1 percent
agree or 35.7 percent strongly agree that they are aware of the policies and procedures
followed by the organization and adhere to them. 87.2%agree that they are appreciated if they
work hard, accomplish the assigned task and do a good job with it. (90 %) of the respondents
feel that team work directly leads to synergy wherein together every one achieves more. 61.4
percent agree or 30 percent strongly agree that sense of belonging leads to more productivity.
65.7 percent agree and 32.9 percent strongly agree that sense of belonging has a positive and
a significant impact on motivation.
Hypothesis Related Findings
With the statistical tool applied (chi square) reveals that there is no significant association
between age of the respondents and their sense of belonging to the organization. Since, the
calculated value is greater than the table value (p>0.05).
With the statistical tool applied (oneway ANOVA ‘f’ test) reveals that there is no significant
difference between experience of the respondents and their sense of belonging to the
organization. Since, the calculated value is greater than the table value (p>0.05).
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A. Pappu Rajan et. al., / International Journal of Management Research & Review
With the statistical tool applied ( ‘t’ test) reveals that there is no significant difference
between income of the respondents and their sense of belonging to the organization. Since,
the calculated value is greater than the table value (p>0.05).
With the statistical tool applied (chi square) reveals that there is a significant association
between various dimensions of sense of belongingness and their overall motivation. Since,
the calculated value is lesser than table value (p<0.05).
SUGGESTIONS
It is found that only 64.3% of the employees are satisfied with their job so in order to achieve
100% the organization can provide added benefits like better rest areas where the employees
can rest during their breaks in order to increase their satisfaction.
Only 35.7 of the employees strongly agree that they are aware of the policies and procedures,
though the rest agree, they should be constant reminded and made aware of the policies and
procedures. It was found that the employees were not sure about the retirement benefits that
are provided by the company, this could be remedied by educating them on the same.
It is found that only 44.3% of the employees do not require constant attention in their work, if
proper training is given and if the employees are sure of what is expected of them then more
employees will be able to their work without unnecessary supervision.
It is to be commended that the organization is a very conductive place to work as majority of
the employees feel high sense of belonging and motivation as well.
CONCLUSION
Through this research study, it has been established that a sense of belonging to the
organization is a factor of motivation. The demographics do not have any influence on the
sense of belonging as far as this organization is considered. However this might not be the
case in other organizations. Thus the relationship between belongingness to the organization
and motivation has been established.
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