Name: _______________________________
EARLY MODERN KEY TERMS
____ / 50 1. _______ Imperialism 2. _______ Nation­state 3. _______ Joint Stock Companies 4. _______ Mulattoes 5. _______ Mercantilism 6. _______ Sikhism 7. _______ Mughal 8. _______ Columbian Exchange 9. _______ Jean Jacques Rousseau 10. _______ Zheng He 11. _______ Encomienda system 12. _______ Laissez­Faire capitalism 13. _______ Adam Smith 14. _______ Safavid 15. _______ Creoles 16. _______ Ming 17. _______ Shogun 18. _______ Dutch United East India Company 19. _______ Siberia 20. _______ 95 Theses 21. _______Cortes 22. _______ Akbar 23. _______ John Locke 24. _______ Potosi 25. _______ Middle passage 26. _______ Daimyo 27. _______ Ottomans 28. _______ Songhay 29. _______ Tokugawa 30. _______ Renaissance 31. _______ Shah Abbas the Great 32. _______ Syncretic religions 33. _______ Humanism 34. _______ Absolute monarchy 35. _______ Shah 36. _______ Scientific Revolution 37. _______ Manchus 38. _______ English East India Company 39. _______ Copernicus 40. _______ Mestizo 41. _______Pizarro 42. _______ Janissaries 43. _______ Enlightenment 44. _______ Indulgences 45. _______ Vasco de Gama 46. _______ Viceroy 47. _______ Mali 48. _______ Lateen sail 49. _______ Patriarchy 50. _______ Peter the Great a. For 700 years, feudal Japan was under the rule of these Japanese military leaders b. Great European intellectual and cultural transformation that was based on the principles of the scientific method. c. Formed in 1240 when Sundiata took control of Ghana Empire. It controlled trade across Sahara, the South and the Niger River. d. Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan e. A powerful family in Japan that ruled as shoguns, 1603­1867, characterized by a samurai ruling class, urbanization, and the growth of a merchant class. Implemented isolationist policies to limit foreign influence in Japan f.
Northeast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties. g. Ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western Europe, modernize and strengthen Russia h. The idea that the economy could run itself w/o influence, regulation, or restrictions from the government. i.
A focus on humanity as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor j.
Turkic empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire k. Portion of Mali after that kingdom collapsed around 1500; this empire controlled Timbuktu l.
Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475­1541) m. Mine located in upper Peru; largest New World silver mines; produced 80 percent of all Perurian silver n. Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology. o. Muslim state (1526­1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. p. Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485­1547) q. Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation. r.
The most famous Muslim ruler of India during the period of Mughal rule. Famous for his religious tolerance, his investment in rich cultural feats, and the creation of a centralized governmental administration s. Written by Martin Luther. Widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. Used to display Luther's displeasure with the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences t.
Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473­1543) u. Concept of government developed during the rise of the nation state in western Europe during the 17th century; monarchs held the right to direct their state however they saw fit v. 17th & 18th century an economic theory that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the government should promote policies that strengthen the economic power of state w. The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies x. An association of individuals whose pooled resources provided them stock much like a corporation. Together they shared risks, losses, and profits. Commonly used in trade/exploration ventures. y. Scottish economist who advocated Laissez Faire economics: private enterprise and free trade (1723­1790) He wrote “Wealth of Nations” z. Title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran/Persia aa. A vast Asian region of Russia. Possesses significant amounts of natural resources like furs, timber, oil, and minerals bb. A person of mixed African and European descent cc. The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. dd. A person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry) ee. Champion of democracy. Believed that all people are equal, and that “civilization” was the cause of the end of the "state of nature" in which all people were free and equal ff. A movement in 18th century Europe that advocated the use of reason, and questioning of long held ideas gg. Descendants of Spanish­born BUT born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status hh. Cultural and political movement beginning in Italy around 1400; rested on expanding commerce; produced literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages ii. A form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line. jj. An early joint­stock company; were granted on English royal charter with the intention of favoring trade privileges in India. kk. Chinese admiral who led seven overseas trade expeditions under Ming emperor Yongle between 1405 and 1423; demonstrated that the Chinese were capable of major ocean exploration ll. Religions, or strands within religions, that combine elements of two or more belief systems. mm.
A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean nn. Triangular sail on a short mast whose adoption enabled safer, more reliable long distance travel by boat. oo. Syncretic religion founded by Nanak that blended Islamic and Hindu Beliefs pp. The Shi’a Islamic dynasty that ruled in Persia between the 16th and 18th centuries qq. Governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his king rr. Enlightenment thinker that believed all people are born with the rights of life, liberty, and property. Gov't is to protect people’s rights, and if it doesn’t people can overthrow it. ss. Established in 1602, private merchants advanced funds to launch the company, to send ships and crews and provide them with materials and money to be able to trade. tt. A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it. uu. Powerful military lord in feudal Japan vv. A sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality. ww.
The route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade xx. Dynasty that ruled China from the mid­fourteenth to the mid­seventeenth century. Focused on rejuvenating Chinese culture after years of Mongol rule. Immense ocean trade voyages headed by Zheng He were launched and later abandoned under its rule.