V. I. L E N I N
cOLLEcTED WORKS
VOLUME
!ugust 191f – December 191g
From Marx to Mao
M
L
© Digital Reprints
2011
www.marx 2 mao.com
PROGRESS PUBLISHERS
MOSCOW
CONTENTS
Page
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13
THE TASKS OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY IN THE
EUROPEAN WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Preface
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EUROPEAN WAR AND INTERNATIONAL SOCIALISM .
WAR AND RUSSIAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY . . . . .
The Russian Social-Democrats on the European War
Resolution of a Group of Social-Democrats . . . .
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35
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KARL MARX (A Brief Biographical Sketch with an Exposition of
Marxism) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
THE
THE
THE POSITION AND TASKS OF THE SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL
LETTER TO VORWÄRTS AND WIENER ARBEITER-ZEITUNG
Preface . . . . . .
The Marxist Doctrine
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Philosophical Materialism . .
Dialectics . . . . . . . . .
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The Materialist Conception of History
The Class Struggle . . . . . . . .
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Value . . . . . . . . .
Surplus Value . . . . .
Accumulation of Capital .
Marx’s Economic Doctrine
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Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation
Average Rate of Profit . . . . . . . . . .
Theory of Ground Rent . . . . . . . . . .
Evolution of Capitalism in Agriculture . . . .
Socialism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tactics of the Class Struggle of the Proletariat
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VOICE ON THE WAR . . . . . . . . .
Bibliography
A GERMAN
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92
iv
CONTENTS
DEAD CHAUVINISM AND LIVING SOCIALISM ( How the Interna-
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OF THE GREAT RUSSIANS . . . . . .
102
WHAT NEXT? ( On the Tasks Confronting the Workers Parties with
Regard to Opportunism and Social-Chauvinism) . . . . . . .
107
THE KIND OF “UNITY” LARIN PROCLAIMED AT THE SWEDISH
CONGRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
115
tional Can Be Restored )
ON THE NATIONAL PRIDE
THE RUSSIAN BRAND OF SÜDEKUM
TO THE EDITORS OF NASHE SLOVO
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HOW THE POLICE AND THE REACTIONARIES PROTECT THE UNITY
OF GERMAN SOCIAL - DEMOCRACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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UNDER A FALSE FLAG . .
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I . . . . . . . .
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II . . . . . . . .
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III . . . . . . . .
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THE CONFERENCE OF THE R.S.D.L.P. GROUPS ABROAD .
The Conference’s Resolutions . . . . . . . . . .
On the Character of the War . . . . . . . . .
The “Defence of the Fatherland” Slogan . . . . .
The Slogans of the Revolutionary Social-Democrats .
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Opportunism and the Collapse of the Second International .
The Third International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pacifism and the Peace Slogan . . . . . . . . . . .
The Defeat of the Tsarist Monarchy . . . . . . . . .
The Attitude Towards Other Parties and Groups . . . . .
THE LONDON CONFERENCE
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LETTER FROM THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE
TO THE EDITORS OF NASHE SLOVO . . . .
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OF
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94
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125
129
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163
R.S.D.L.P.
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165
WHAT HAS BEEN REVEALED BY THE TRIAL OF THE RUSSIAN
SOCIAL - DEMOCRATIC LABOUR DUMA GROUP . . . . . . . . .
171
ON THE LONDON CONFERENCE.
178
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SOCIAL - CHAUVINISTS’ SOPHISMS . . . . . . . .
QUESTION OF THE UNITY OF INTERNATIONALISTS .
THE SLOGAN OF CIVIL WAR ILLUSTRATED
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BOURGEOIS PHILANTHROPISTS AND REVOLUTIONARY SOCIAL DEMOCRACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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SOCIAL - CHAUVINISM . . . . . . .
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183
188
192
THE COLLAPSE OF PLATONIC INTERNATIONALISM
194
ON THE STRUGGLE AGAINST
199
v
CONTENTS
THE COLLAPSE OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
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BRITISH PACIFISM AND THE BRITISH DISLIKE OF THEORY
FROM MARX
TO MAO
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HOW SERVILITY TO REACTION IS BLENDED WITH PLAYING AT
DEMOCRACY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THE MAIN GERMAN OPPORTUNIST WORK ON THE WAR
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THE DEFEAT OF ONE’S OWN GOVERNMENT IN THE IMPERIALIST
WAR . . . . .
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THE STATE OF AFFAIRS IN RUSSIAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY
THE “PEACE” SLOGAN APPRAISED
THE QUESTION OF PEACE
205
208
212
217
223
227
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241
251
256
260
266
270
275
281
287
290
SOCIALISM AND WAR ( The Attitude of the R.S.D.L.P. Towards
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Preface to the First (Foreign) Edition . . .
Preface to the Second Edition . . . . . .
Chapter I . The Principles of Socialism and the
The Attitude of Socialists Towards Wars .
the War )
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NOT FOR
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COMMERCIAL
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DISTRIBUTION
War of 1914-15
299
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The Historical Types of Wars in Modern Times
The Difference Between Wars of Aggression and of Defence
The War of Today Is an Imperialist War
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A War Between the Biggest Slave-holders for the Maintenance
and Consolidation of Slavery . . . . . . . . . . . . .
“War Is the Continuation of Politics by Other” (i . e .: Violent)
“Means” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Case of Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What Russia Is Fighting For . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What Social-Chauvinism Is . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Basle Manifesto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
False References to Marx and Engels . . . . . . . . . .
The Collapse of the Second International . . . . . . . .
Social-Chauvinism Is the Acme of Opportunism . . . . . .
Unity with the Opportunists Means an Alliance Between the
Workers and Their “Own” National Bourgeoisie, and Splitting
the International Revolutionary Working Class . . . . .
300
301
302
304
305
306
306
307
308
309
309
311
vi
CONTENTS
“Kautskyism” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Marxists’ Slogan Is a Slogan of Revolutionary SocialDemocracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Example Set by the Fraternisation in the Trenches . .
The Importance of an Underground Organisation . . . . .
On the Defeat of One’s “Own” Government in the Imperialist War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pacifism and the Peace Slogan . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Right of Nations to Self-Determination . . . . . . .
Chapter II . Classes and Parties in Russia
311
313
313
314
315
315
316
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The Bourgeoisie and the War . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Working Class and the War . . . . . . . . . . .
The Russian Social-Democratic Labour Group in the Duma,
and the War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter III. The Restoration of the International
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The Method of the Social-Chauvinists and of the “Centre” .
The State of Affairs Among the Opposition . . . . . . .
The Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party and the
Third International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter IV. The History of the Split, and the Present State of
Social-Democracy in Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Economists and the Old Iskra (1894-1903) . . . . . .
Menshevism and Bolshevism (1903-1908) . . . . . . . . .
Marxism and Liquidationism (1908-1914) . . . . . . . . .
Marxism and Social-Chauvinism (1914-1915) . . . . . . . .
The Present State of Affairs in the Ranks of the Russian
Social-Democrats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Our Party’s Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ON THE SLOGAN FOR A UNITED STATES OF EUROPE
317
319
320
323
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325
329
331
331
332
333
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338
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ON THE SLOGAN FOR THE UNITED STATES OF EUROPE. Editorial
Comment by Sotsial-Demokrat on the Manifesto on War Issued
by the Central Committee of the R . S . D . L . P . . . . . . . .
THE DRAFT RESOLUTION PROPOSED BY THE LEFT WING AT
ZIMMERWALD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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IMPERIALISM AND SOCIALISM IN ITALY ( Note ) .
APPEAL ON THE WAR . . . . . . . . . . .
WE ARE THANKFUL FOR SUCH FRANKNESS . .
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COMMITTEE (I . S . C . )
THE VOICE OF AN HONEST FRENCH SOCIALIST
TO THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST
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THE DEFEAT OF RUSSIA AND THE REVOLUTIONARY CRISIS
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344
345
349
357
367
370
372
378
vii
CONTENTS
THE FIRST STEP
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
REVOLUTIONARY MARXISTS AT THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST
CONFERENCE, SEPTEMBER 5-8, 1915 . . . . . . . . . . . .
389
KAUTSKY, AXELROD, AND MARTOV—TRUE INTERNATIONALISTS
394
SEVERAL THESES. Proposed by the Editors
. . . . . . . . . 401
THE REVOLUTIONARY PROLETARIAT AND
NATIONS TO SELF - DETERMINATION . . . . .
THE
RIGHT
OF
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
ON THE TWO LINES IN THE REVOLUTION
AT THE UTTERMOST LIMIT
LETTER TO THE SECRETARY OF THE SOCIALIST PROPAGANDA
LEAGUE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SOCIAL-CHAUVINIST POLICY
TIONALIST PHRASES . . . .
BEHIND
A
COVER
OF
INTERNA -
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
OPPORTUNISM, AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE SECOND INTER NATIONAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Notes .
423
438
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The Life and Work of V. I. Lenin . Outstanding Dates
. . . . 485
ILLUSTRATIONS
First page of Lenin’s manuscript “Karl Marx”. July-November
1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-47
First page of Sotsial-Demokrat No. 40, March 29, 1915, in which
Lenin’s articles “What Has Been Revealed by the Trial of
the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Duma Group” and “On the
London Conference” were published . . . . . . . . . . . .
169
First page of Lenin’s manuscript “The Revolutionary Proletariat and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination”. 1915
(in German) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
405
First page of Lenin’s letter to the Secretary of the Socialist
Propaganda League. November 1915 . . . . . . . . . . . .
425