Project cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund
Project cofinancé par le Fonds européen de développement régional
1G-MED08-515
“Sustainable Water Management through Common
Responsibility enhancement in Mediterranean River
Basins”
An analysis of water management in the
Guadalquivir river basin with the province
of Granada as a focal point, Spain
November 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
General information on water management ......................................................................3
1.1.
2.
An overview on water in Spain (surface, sea water, runoff) and its characteristics. ................3
1.1.1.
Underground water. .............................................................................................5
1.1.2.
Guadalquivir river basin.......................................................................................5
1.2.
Legal framework for water use at national and local level. ...................................................9
1.3.
Competency framework for Administrations of water management. ................................... 11
1.3.1.
State competence .............................................................................................. 11
1.3.2.
Competences of the Andalusia Autonomous Community ................................ 11
1.3.3.
Competences of the Local Entities. ................................................................... 12
1.4.
Action plan summary for the integral water cycle in the province of Granada ...................... 13
1.5.
Water fees in the province of Granada ............................................................................. 15
1.5.1.
Domestic use ...................................................................................................... 15
1.5.2.
Industrial use ..................................................................................................... 15
1.5.3.
Commercial use .................................................................................................. 16
1.5.4.
Agricultural use .................................................................................................. 16
Analysis of the Water Framework Directive (200/60/CE) and the Directive on
groundwater
protection
against
contamination
and
degradation
(2006/118/CE)
for
hydrological basins in the province of Granada. ......................................................................... 17
2.1.
Hydrological Plan for the Basin pursuant to Article 13 of the Water Framework Directive. .... 17
2.2.
Hydrological district characteristics, research on human activities impact on environment, and
economic analysis of water use - Article 5 of Water Framework Directive. .......................... 17
2.2.1.
Identification and classification of surface waters and groundwater. ........... 17
2.2.2.
Pressures and impacts analysis ......................................................................... 20
2.2.3.
Economic analysis of water use. ....................................................................... 22
2.2.4.
Monitoring of surface water status, groundwater status and protected areas.
Article 8 of the Water Framework Directives. .................................................. 23
2.3.
Identification of public participation actions in Water Management. Article 14 of the Water
Framework Directive (Exchange of information and public consultation, public participation in
decision-making). ............................................................................................................ 26
3.
Description of the pilot catchment.................................................................................... 29
3.1.
General description ......................................................................................................... 29
3.2.
Pressures and impacts ..................................................................................................... 31
3.2.1.
Urban wastewater .............................................................................................. 31
3.2.2.
Industrial wastewater ............................................................................................. 33
1
3.2.3.
Agriculture runoff water .................................................................................... 33
3.2.4.
Summary. ............................................................................................................ 35
3.3.
Classification of water bodies ........................................................................................... 36
3.4.
Water balance and water use by sectors. .......................................................................... 36
3.4.1.
3.5.
Use by sector. ..................................................................................................... 37
Economic analysis ........................................................................................................... 37
ANNEX: WATER MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 40
2
1. General information on water management
1.1. An overview on water in Spain (surface, sea water, runoff) and its characteristics.
Spain occupies a total surface of 506.019 km 2 and has been divided into 18 Hydrological Districts. They have
been clustered according to intra and inter-region criteria and also consistently with the criteria applied in
other countries:
Intra-region hydrological districts:
1. Hydrological District in the Coast of Galicia
2. Hydrological District in the Catchment Basin of the Basque Country.
3. Hydrological District in the Catchment Basin of Catalonia.
4. Hydrological District in the Atlantic Basin of Andalusia.
5. Hydrological District in the Mediterranean Basin of Andalusia.
6. Hydrological District of Balearic Islands.
7. Hydrological District of Canary Islands.
Hydrological Districts with inter-community basins located in Spain:
1. Hydrological District of the Guadalquivir river basin.
2. Hydrological District of the Segura river basin.
3. Hydrological District of the Jucar river basin.
Hydrological Districts within hydrological basins shared between countries:
1. Spanish territory in the Miño-Lima Hydrological District.
2. Spanish territory in the Cantabrian Hydrological District.
3. Spanish territory in the Duero Hydrological District.
4. Spanish territory in the Tajo Hydrological District.
5. Spanish territory in the Guadiana Hydrological District.
6. Spanish territory in the Ebro Hydrological District.
7. Spanish territory in the Ceuta Hydrological District.
8. Spanish territory in the Melilla Hydrological District.
Map 1. Hydrological basins in Spain. Source:
MARM.
3
Geographical and climatic contrasts in Spain determine the distribution and availability of natural water
resources in the country. There is a strong gradient between the abundant water resources available at the
northern and North-western areas and the drought affecting the Southern and eastern areas of the country.
This gradient has some nuances such as mountain ranges that capture rainfall and reduce precipitation in
the contiguous depressions. The scale of these differences is conditioned by the distribution, bearing and
spread of the orographic systems.
Based on the aforementioned natural characteristics, three main regions within the Iberian Peninsula can be
distinguished depending on the abundance and distribution of water resources in their territories:
 Northern and North-western region.
 Central region.
 Mediterranean region.
The graph above shows the water resources in Spanish river basins and their multi-year average runoff
coefficient.
Graph 1. Water resources and average runoff coefficient in the Spanish basins.
Source: MARM.
Three main conclusions may be drawn from the data on the graph, regarding the limiting character of
natural water resources for the social and economic development in the region. Except specific cases, the
following brief conclusions can be drawn:



Northern hydrological regions have a very abundant supply of natural resources and this factor is
not likely to become a limiting factor from any environmental, social or economic point of view.
Main interior basins present global resource abundance but they can experiment local shortage
problems as they comprise dry continental areas. This local effect is diminished by the presence of
water production areas within their basins and the great rivers systems. In this respect, water
resources availability is more likely to become a global limiting factor in southern basins (Guadiana
and Guadalquivir).
Mediterranean basins present a natural resource shortage that may be a limiting factor. The most
serious limitations take place in the South-western region from Cabo de la Nao (Alicante) to Sierra
4
Nevada (Granada) and affect the hydrological districts of Jucar (at the southern area), Segura (the
entire area) and the Southern District (the Eastern area).
1.1.1. Underground water.
Shortage affecting the Mediterranean basin has provoked an increasing trend to exploit underground water
exceeding the natural renovation rate. Currently, this trend has worsened due to drought effects that have
obliged the provision of underground water in order to ensure water supply and aid irrigation supply.
Over-exploitation of underground water resources reaches a serious rate in the Segura river basin, which
comprises six hydro geological regions with provisional declaration of over-exploitation since the 80’s. There
is also a large amount of regions within this area that have been physically over-exploited and do not have
any official declaration.
Over-exploitation of coastal aquifers is not only resulting in a piezometric lowering, but also in a sea-water
intrusion process that causes a salinity increase which may result in unsuitability of these resources for
almost all uses.
Qualitative deterioration of underground water is due to contamination caused by recirculating irrigation
systems (percolated return flows) and the decrease of self-purifying capacity of rivers and aquifers.
Contamination has an impact on different parameters like the nitrate concentration with average levels over
15mg/l frequently and 50 mg/l locally.
1.1.2. Guadalquivir river basin.
The Hydrological District of Guadalquivir river basin comprises its own watershed basin, which is confined
and demarcated from specific surrounding elements: the precipitous cliffs on the north plate (Sierra Morena)
and the Baetic mountain range situated on the South and spread from South-western to North-eastern
Andalusia and the Atlantic Ocean.
This hydrological district occupies a total surface of 57.527 Km² comprising 12 provinces from four different
autonomous communities. Andalusia represents more than 90% of the total District surface. The province of
Granada has 9,960 km², which represents 79.48% of the territory. According to data revealed by the
National Statistics Institute (NSI), the estimated population of the Hydrological District of Guadalquivir river
basin was 4.107.598 in 2005. Population is mainly settled near 37 city centres of more than 20.000
inhabitants, where a total population of 2.514.716 is concentrated (56% of total population).
The Guadalquivir river basin has a Mediterranean climate which is characterized by warm temperatures
(average annual temperature: 16.8ºC) and drought (average annual precipitation: 78.9 l/ m²). The territory
is connected to the Atlantic ocean so low pressure systems and westerly component winds are frequently
located over this area and determine the rainfall distribution on a SW-NE direction. Precipitations reach the
highest levels on the peaks that surround and demarcate the watershed.
Geographical and temporal distribution of rainfall is irregular due to the above mentioned reasons. Rainfall
is not only scarce during the year, but it usually becomes torrential over areas worst affected by drought and
high temperatures and, therefore, highly vulnerable to erosion.
1.1.2.1. Precipitation.
Regarding total annual precipitation, three main lands within the hydrological district may be distinguished:
5



The wetland situated in the northern half of Sierra Morena, Aracena and Cazorla-Segura receives an
annual precipitation of over 700 mm. This average annual rainfall exceeds 1000 mm in some vast
areas of the district.
The second land – comprising the Guadalquivir Valley and almost the entire area of Sierra Morena –
represents the greatest territory and receives an annual precipitation of 700-500 mm.
Annual precipitation in interior depressions and plates in the Baetic range do not reach 500 mm.
This is caused by the mountain ranges that obstruct wet and disturbed flow from the West. Except
for specific cases, the following brief conclusions can be drawn:
Map 2. Hydrological District of the Guadalquivir river basin. Source: MARM.
1.1.2.2. Water resources.
In order to analyze data related to water management in the Guadalquivir river basin, different exploitation
systems have been classified and used throughout the whole District. The following water exploitation
systems are situated in the areas of the province of Granada:
 Genil upper basin.
 Guadiana Menor upper basin.
 Guadix drainage area.
 General regulation.
There are a total number of 9 storage basins in the province of Granada belonging to the Guadalquivir river
basin. Their total water storage capacity is 1.033 hm3. Details about storage basins and their capacity are
included in the following table:
6
Storage basin
Canales
Colomera
Cubillas
El Portillo
Francisco Abellán
Los Bermejales
Negratín
Quéntar
San Clemente
Total capacity
Capacity (hm3)
70
42
19
33
58
103
576
14
118
1.033
Table 1. Storage basins in the province of Granada within the Guadalquivir river basin.
Source: MARM.
Regarding the underground water body, there are a total of 52 bodies in the Guadalquivir river basin, some
of which are situated total or partially in the province of Granada:
Water body name
Quesada-Castril
Huéscar - Puebla de don Fadrique
Baza-Caniles
Jabalcón
Sierra de Baza
Guadix-Marquesado
El Mencal
Porcuna
Montes Orientales. North area
Sierra de Colomera
Sierra Arana
La Peza
Granada depression
Sierra Elvira
Madrid-Parapanda
Hacho de Loja
Sierra Gorda-Zafarraya
Guadahortuna-Larva
Area (km2)
1.410
430
263
37
827
619
374
218
767
332
357
309
1.357
27
396
37
516
6.501
Table 2. Underground water bodies in the province of Granada within the Guadalquivir river basin. Source: MARM.
1.1.2.3. Water use.
Water demand depends on water usage for different purposes and its distribution is as follows:
Sector
Urban
Industrial
Agricultural
Others
Total
Demand (hm3/year)
418,6
57,3
2.873
228,9
3.578,7
%
11,7
1,6
80,3
6,4
100
Table 3. Water demand based on usage in the Guadalquivir river basin. Source: MARM.
7
It may be observed from the table 3 that agriculture is by far the sector commanding the highest water
demand: 80.3% of the total demand. The urban sector requires 11.7% of the total water demand.
Industrial sector is not representative in terms of water demand.
According to data obtained from the Irrigation Inventory published in 2002, 26.8% of the cultivated surface
(919.000 ha) is irrigated in Andalusia. This figure rises up to 953.667 ha in the Survey on Surface areas and
Crop Yield (ESYRCE) carried out by the Spanish Ministry for Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs
(MMAMRM) in 2008. Irrigated surface in the hydrological districts of the Mediterranean basin, Tinto-OdielPiedras and Guadalete-Barbate has increased over 23% (51.154 ha) from 1997 (217.017 ha) to 2008 when
the surface reaches 268.161 ha.
Cultivation
Grain cereal
Grain legume
Tubers for human consumption
Industrial crop
Forage crop
Vegetables (including strawberries)
Citrus
Non citrus fruits
Olive grove
Fallow
Irrigation (ha)
143.736
15.096
18.882
123.074
12.678
53.296
22.577
30.894
380.923
0
% irrigation/ total
19,88
27,89
99,85
48,10
55,79
95,15
100
24,08
29,22
0
Table 4. Irrigation surface based on the different cultivation in the entire basin. Source: MARM.
The agricultural usage includes farming, forestry, and also stockbreeding. Sheep and swine breeding
ranches are essential in the District, as their exploitation is mainly extensive. Cattle breeding also operate an
extensive breeding system almost in their entirety. This type of exploitation is suitable for the Andalusia
region as it is appropriate for the natural resources (pasture) if combined with agriculture, stockbreeding
and forestry.
Type of livestock
Bovine
Ovine
Swine
Equine
Poultry
TOTAL
Head of cattle
377.309
3.088.551
1.351.664
26.577
25.512
Supply (m3 head
and year)
17,30
1,99
2,82
5,04
75,82
Demand
(hm3/year)
6.528.866
6.750.364
3.871.529
133.896
2.010.254
19.294.909
Table 5. Livestock water demand Source: MARM.
1.1.2.4. Industrial water use for electric energy generation.
According to data provided by several sources – such as the Hydrological Confederation of the Guadalquivir
basin and the Andalusia Water Agency – and data on average water consumption values revealed by the
station when required, figures of water demand for electric energy generation purposes would be as follows:
8
Ordinary regime:


Hydroelectricity stations (non-consumptive use): 8.169 hm 3/year.
Thermal power stations: 3 hm3/year.
(Excluding non-consumptive usage in the Puente Nuevo thermal power station, consisting on an open circuit
cooling system for non-consumptive use of 494.28 hm3/year).
Special regime:





Hydroelectricity stations (non-consumptive use) 1,484hm3/year.
Solar thermal power stations 0.255 hm3/year.
High performance cogeneration 13.56 hm3/year.
Generation with biomass or biogas 3.60 hm3/year.
Generation with gas 0.5 hm3/year.
1.1.2.5. Industrial use
Water usage for industrial purposes in the basin has been assessed by the Spanish Ministry for Environment
and Rural and Marine Affairs (MMAMR), based on employment data and the National Economic Activities
Classification – according to specific allowance rates. Figures have been adjusted upward and include recent
gathered data for individual companies that were provided by the Hydrological Planning Department of the
Guadalquivir basin. On 2007, industrial water consumption was 83.47 hm 3 of which 44% returns to the river
flow (36.72 hm3).
1.1.2.6. Individual industrial use
Individual water demand for industrial usage within the Guadalquivir Hydrological District – excluding
companies connected to urban water supply systems – reaches 36,3 hm3 of which 20,4 hm3 are intended for
consumptive use and the remaining 15,9 hm 3 return to flow. Industrial water demand is mainly intended for
the following purposes:
 Food sector

beverage and tobacco sectors,
 metallurgical sector,
 chemical sector.
1.2. Legal framework for water use at national and local level.
Water management and protection
1.
RD 927/1988
Public Administration's water regulation for hydrological planning,
modified by RD 907/2007.
2.
RD 261/1996
Regulations on water protection against contamination by nitrates
used in agriculture, Which transposes the Directive 91/676/CE.
3.
RD 1664/1998
Approval of Hydrological Plans in Cuenca.
9
4.
RD 849/1986
Hydraulic Public Domain's water regulation for hydrological
planning, developed by Law 29/1985, 2nd August on Water Control,
and modified by RD 606/2003.
5.
RD Law 1/2001
Approval of the consolidating text for the Law on Water Control
aiming a regulation for hydraulic public domain and water usage.
6.
RD 606/2003
Hydraulic Public Domain’s Regulation modifying RD 849/1986.
7.
Law 62/2003
Law that modifies the Law on Water Control and the Law on
National Hydrological Plan.
8.
Law 11/2005
Law that modifies the Law 10/2001 on National Hydrological Plan.
9.
RD 907/2007
Approval of Hydrological Planning Regulations.
RD 140/2003
Royal Decree that establishes the sanitary criteria for the quality of
water intended for human consumption.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
RD Law 11/1995
RD 509/1996
D 32/1985
Applicable norms for the treatment of urban sewage water.
This Royal Decree develops and enhances the RDL 11/1995 by the
specification of applicable norms on the harvest, treatment and
flow of urban sewage water. It has been subsequently modified by
the RD 2116/1998.
Fluoridation of drinking water for public consumption in Andalusia.
D 120/91
Regulation on home water supply in Andalusia.
Law 7/2007
Integrated environmental management in Andalusia.
D 14/1996
Regulation on coastal water quality.
17.
Order 24th of July
1997
Authorizations grant for waste dumping into terrestrial/maritime
public domain.
18.
D 70/2009
Regulation for sanitary control and quality of water for human
consumption in Andalusia.
19.
Law 9/2010
Law on Water Control in the Andalusia Autonomous Community.
20.
D 36/2008
Specifies the most vulnerable areas to contamination by nitrates
used in agriculture in Andalusia.
21.
Order
18th
of
November 2008
Approval of the applicable intervention programme in areas
vulnerable to contamination by nitrates used in agriculture in
Andalusia.
22.
Royal
Decree
1666/2008
17th
October
Royal Decree on the Transfer of Function and Services in the
Andalusia Autonomous Community.
Order 09th April
2007
Collaboration agreement signed by the Ministry of the Environment
and Rural and Marine Affairs and by the Andalusia Council. The
said agreement aims to enhance interventions of general interest
for the state with regard to intra-community hydrological basins
located in Andalusia.
15.
16.
23.
Table 6.National and local legislation on water management.
10
1.3. Competency framework for Administrations of water management.
1.3.1. State competence
Exclusive competences of the Spanish State in water management are as follows:
 Article 149.1.22 of the Spanish Constitution: Legislation, resolution and grants regarding

water resources and hydrological exploitation for water basins which comprise more than
one Autonomous Community (inter-community basins). Authorization for electricity
production which implies more than one Autonomous Community or needs transportation
beyond the range of its territory.
Article 149.1.24 of the Spanish Constitution: Public works of general interest which imply
and effect in more than one Autonomous Community.
In short, the State competences may be summarized as follows:
-
For inter-community basins1: planning, public domain and infrastructure.
-
For intra-community basins2: planning and infrastructure of general interest for the State.
1.3.2. Competences of the Andalusia Autonomous Community
By virtue of the Statute of Autonomy, exclusive competences of the Andalusia Autonomous Community in
water management are established in Article 50:
1. 1. With regard to water belonging exclusively to the Andalusia territory, it is incumbent on the
Andalusia Autonomous Community:
a) Water resources and hydrological exploitation, channels and irrigation systems (for
water in Andalusia territory). Underground water, if exploitation does not affect any
other territory.
b) Mineral and thermal water.
c) Users participation, supply guarantee, plot regulation, and works intended for the
change, modernization and consolidation of irrigation systems, as well as for water
saving.
2. 2. Spanish legislation provides that Andalusia Autonomous Community must collaborate in the
arrangement and management of inter-community hydrological exploitations. Within its territorial
scope, Andalusia is responsible of providing additional protection and sanitation measures
concerning water resources and ecosystems, as well as execution and exploitation of State works, if
agreed.
Article 51 states that "Andalusia Autonomous Community holds exclusive competence on Guadalquivir
river basin within its territory if waters do not occupy any other Autonomous Community. Andalusia must not
1
2
Inter-community basin: Territory comprising more than one Autonomous Community.
Intra-community basin: Territory situated within one Autonomous Community.
11
cause damages to the hydrological cycle general plan, basic regulations on environmental protection,
hydrological public works of general interest, or any provision from Article 149.1.22ª of the Spanish
Constitution".
The Andalusia Water Agency is responsible for hydrological management in the Andalusia Council. The
Transfer Agreement with regard to water resources and hydrological exploitation in the Andalusia
Autonomous Community came into force on 1st of January 2009. It provides that the Andalusia Water
Agency is responsible of waters belonging exclusively to the Andalusia territory. Competences of the Agency
are as follows:











Devising, monitoring and revision of the hydrological plan, and participation in the Plan for the
Hydrological District, with regard to the Guadalquivir basin.
Manage, protect, and control all hydraulic and public hydraulic environment exploitations.
Execution, exploitation and maintenance of hydraulic works which are competence of the
Autonomous Community.
Planning, arrangement and regulation of water supply services and urban sewage water
sanitation, as well as prevention of inflow of water and floods.
Granting of permissions and privileges related to public hydraulic environment and census.
Technical support for the setting of Water Policy in the Andalusia Council.
Gathering and disclose of information about water issues.
Collaboration in water investigation, technical development and innovation.
Participation in national and international water-focused organizations.
Manage, collect, and administer economical resources assigned to the Agency.
Any other competence legally or statutory assigned to the Agency or arising from any
agreement.
In short, the Andalusia Council competences may be summarized as follows:
-
For inter-community basins: public domain and infrastructure.
-
For intra-community basins: planning, public domain and infrastructure.
1.3.3. Competences of the Local Entities.
Competences of local entities - including Councils - are established in the Law 7/85 on a Local Regime
Regulation Basis (LBRRL).
City councils.
Article 25, Section 2 provides that competences of city councils with regard to water management- in
terms of State and Autonomous Communities Legislation - are established in Paragraph I of the said Section
2): “Water supply and public illuminate, street cleaning service and waste treatment, drains and sewage
treatment systems".
Article 26 establishes that individual or associated city councils must provide services to all towns. These
services are stated in Paragraph I of the Article 26 and include: home water supply and drains, among
others. Furthermore, Paragraph 2 provides that City Councils may request release from the basic service
supply liability to their respective Autonomous Community, pursuant to the provisions of the previous
Paragraph if, due to their particular situation, the City Council can not afford the establishment and supply of
the mentioned services.
Paragraph 3 of the abovementioned Article 26 states that City Councils must aid County Councils for
establishment and supply of basic public services, as stipulated in Article 36.
12
County Councils.
Article 36 establishes competences of County Councils with regard to public actions. State and Autonomous
Community Regulations and Law are responsible for the attribution of such competences, namely:



Local services coordination.
Legal, economic and technical cooperation and support to City Councils, especially those with
management and economic problems.
Public services supply at supra-municipal and supra-regional levels.
Article 31 in the same regulating document provides that the Province must pursue and safeguard the
principles of inter-community solidarity and balance, as well as guarantee the integral and fair supply of
municipal services throughout the entire territory.
1.4. Action plan summary for the integral water cycle in the province of Granada
With regard to water integral cycle management, there are three main sectors in the province of Granada.
The two first sectors have developed a supra-council management system, whereas the third sector presents
a variation of management systems:
-
-
Sector I: Granada fertile lowland.
Sector II: Tropical Coast of Granada.
Sector III: Rest of the province territory.
Sector I - Granada fertile lowland - comprises 41 city councils that draw together 56.85% of the province
population (480,205 inhabitants). Companies in charge of water management in the province of Granada
are: EMASAGRA and AGUASVIRAS, founded on 1981 and 1995, respectively.
City councils of Granada and cities belonging to the Vega-Sierra Elvira consortium and the Sierra NevadaVega Sur consortium, have started proceedings for the establishment of a Consortium on Integral Water
Cycle in the Granada fertile lowland.
- Granada has a total population of 238,292 inhabitants.
-
The Vega - Sierra Elvira consortium is formed by 24 city councils and its total population is 133,537
inhabitants: Albolote, Alfacar, Agrón, Atarfe, Calicasas, Cijuela, Chauchina, Chimeneas, Colomera,
Cogollos Vega, Fuente Vaqueros, Güevéjar, Jun, Láchar, Maracena, Nívar, Peligros, Pinos Puente,
Pulianas, Valderrubio, Vegas del Genil, Ventas de Huelma, Víznar and Santa Fé.
-
The Sierra Nevada - Vega Sur consortium draws together 16 city councils, with a total population of
108,376 inhabitants: Alhendín, Armilla, Cájar, Cenes de la Vega, Churriana de la Vega, Cúllar Vega,
Dílar, Escúzar, Las Gabias, Gójar, Huétor-Vega, La Malahá, Ogíjares, Otura, Pinos Genil, La Zubia
and Quéntar.
Investments worth up to 161,838,113 Euros have been planned within the consortium framework.
13
Integral water cycle management in the province of Granada.
Sector II - Tropical Coast - comprises 17 city councils with a total population of 113,542 inhabitants.
Albondón, Almuñécar, Albuñol, Gualchos, Ítrabo, Jete, Lentejí, Los Guájares, Lújar, Molvízar, Motril, Otívar,
Polopos, Rubite, Salobreña, Sorvilán, Vélez de Benaudalla.
In Sector II, water management is incumbent on the company "Aguas y Servicios" from the Tropical Coast.
Sector III includes the remaining territory of the province, which represents 30% of the total population of
the province of Granada. Integral water cycle management is carried out in a heterogeneous way. Thus in
city councils with an important population entity (i.e. Loja and Guadix), public companies and joint ventures
are in charge of water management (City Council 60% and "Agua y Gestión 40%), respectively.
Some city councils opt for an indirect management procedure in some cycle stages, to be carried out by
private companies: "Acciona Agua" in Montefrío; "Agua y Gestión" in Puebla D. Fadrique, Huéscar, Ugíjar,
Darro and Morelábor; "Gestagua" in Íllora, Alfacar, Cortes de Baza, Huétor Tajar, Moraleda, Cacín,
Fuensanta, Villanueva del Mesía, Zújar; and "Añil" in Cuevas del Campo and Diezma.
The remaining cycle stages are managed by the City Council itself.
Thereby, towns with a special geographical situation, small expansion, or underground water collection
system, may have problems of inadequate water management and, therefore, personal and economic lacks.
Moreover, several lacks derived from infrastructure deficiencies or absence may be identified. However,
imposed fees vary from one town to another.
Therefore, Granada Provincial Council is carrying out an important work in this field. It is worth mentioning
the following actions:
14




Technical-economic research on integral water cycle. This research defines territorial
units in order to face integral water cycle management.
Infrastructure development and improvement, and works execution.
Monitor and control of Sewage Treatment Plants (EDARs) and waste dumping in the
province.
Programs to enhance efficient and sustainable use of water resources.
1.5. Water fees in the province of Granada
1.5.1. Domestic use
Cost of water per cubic meter for domestic use vary in each city council and depend on the different integral
water cycle management systems employed. In general, water supply fees include a fixed fee according to
the water meter type and a variable fee which depends on the consumed volume. Each town has set
consumption intervals and variable water prices per m3, which increase along with a larger consumption.
Supply
2010
Up to 8m3
0,3985
3
1,1401
8 – 16 m
16 – 30 m3
1,6020
3
1,8980
over 30 m
€/m3
Table 7. Water fees for domestic use in the city of Granada.
Source: Emasagra.
Data in the above table are presented as an example, but as mentioned before, figures may vary for the several towns
in the province. Emasagra (water supply company of Granada) offers discounts in water fees for retired people,
pensioners, people with a low income, and large families, as long as specific requirements are met.
1.5.2. Industrial use
Consumption
2010
Up to 70 m3
0,6397
over 70 m
3
€/m3
1,0092
Table 8. Water fees for industrial use in the city of Granada.
Source: Emasagra.
Data in the above table are presented as an example, but as mentioned before, figures may vary for the several towns
in the province.
15
1.5.3. Commercial use
Consumption
2010
Up to 20 m3
0,6397
over 20 m
3
€/m3
1,3143
Table 9. Water fees for commercial use in the city of Granada.
Source: Emasagra.
1.5.4. Agricultural use
The following table presents data on socioeconomic information about irrigation in the province of Granada.
Table 10. Socioeconomic information on irrigation in the province of Granada. Source: Regional agricultural ministry
(Gross income – Production – Benefit – Employment)
(Water cost/Production – Working Units per Year (UTA)/Amount of production)
16
2. Analysis of the Water Framework Directive (200/60/CE) and the Directive on
groundwater protection against contamination and degradation (2006/118/CE) for
hydrological basins in the province of Granada.
2.1. Hydrological Plan for the Basin pursuant to Article 13 of the Water Framework
Directive.
The following documents are included in the planning process 2007 - 2009:




Outline of the main water management issues regarding water (Article 79, R.D. 907/2007).
Initial document for the Strategic Environmental Assessment process (Article 18, Law 9/2006).
Draft proposal for a Hydrological Plan for the Basin.
Environmental Sustainability Report (Article 20, Law 9/2006).
The Hydrological Plan draft proposal and the Environmental Sustainability Report (Article 20, Law
9/2006) must be issued one year before the plan approval procedures is started, so that stakeholders
may submit their proposals during a three-month period.
Once adjustments are made, the following documents will be disclosed:


Draft proposal for a Hydrological Plan for the Basin (Article 80, RD 907/2007).
Environment Report (Article 22, Law 9/2006).
On 2005, prior to the RD 907/2007 approval - by which the Hydrological Plan Regulation is approved some implementation projects were published in relation to the Water Framework Directive. These
documents include Articles 5 and 6 of the said Directive. These documents provided information on the
situation of hydrological districts in Spain. The Ministry for Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs
published a summary of this research on March 2007.
Documents for the planning process as stated in RD 907/ 2007 are the following: Documents elaborated
on the first stage:



Query programme, calendar, and forms
Public participation project.
General research on hydrological districts (Article 78, RD907/2007).
The three documents have been subject to public query from the date of publication of the 177th Official
State Gazette (BOE) on 25th of July 2007, for a six-month period.
2.2. Hydrological district characteristics, research on human activities impact on
environment, and economic analysis of water use - Article 5 of Water Framework
Directive.
The Guadalquivir hydrological basin occupies a 52,527 km 2 area and it is demarcated by the precipitous
cliffs on the North plate (Sierra Morena) and the Baetic mountain range, situated on the South and open
to the Atlantic Ocean. This hydrological district comprises 12 provinces belonging to 4 different
Autonomous Communities. Andalusia represents more than 90 % of the total District surface. The
province of Granada has 9,960 km², which represents 78.49% of the territory.
2.2.1. Identification and classification of surface waters and groundwater.
17
2.2.1.1. Lakes and rivers
The district's river network spreads along 10,000 km of freshwater and 195 km of transitional waters in the
Guadalquivir estuary. Around 9.3% of network water is collected in a reservoir.
A system that distinguishes 12 main types of rivers was created in order to classify rivers within the district.
Description
Rivers in the Guadalquivir
depression
Rivers in La Mancha
Siliceous rivers in the foothills
of Sierra Morena
Low
altitude
Mediterranean
rivers with mineralized water
Mediterranean rivers in lowmountain areas
Mediterranean
rivers
with
mineralized water and located
in low-mountain areas
Siliceous
Mediterranean
mountain rivers
Calcareous
Mediterranean
mountain rivers
Low altitude Mediterranean axis
Mineralized Mediterranean and
continental axis
Mediterranean great axis
Mediterranean coastal rivers
TOTAL
No. of
Identified
Water bodies
30
No. of
Water
bodies (%)
11,0
Length
(km)
Length
(%)
1.448
15,4
1
42
0,4
15,4
17
702
0,2
7,5
12
4,4
814
8,7
65
23,8
2.608
27,8
51
18,7
1.906
20,3
5
1,8
225
2,4
49
17,9
882
9,4
6
8
2,2
2,9
252
257
2,7
2,7
3
1
273
1,1
0,4
254
22
2,7
0,2
Table 10. . Guadalquivir basin rivers typology. Source: MARM.
A total amount of 273 water bodies - of 34 km length and 187km2 average surface - have been classified.
Although the majority of stretches are approximately 10 km long and 100 km 2 , there are some water bodies
occupying a very significant expansion.
As regards to lakes, water bodies have been selected if: they occupy a surface over 50 ha, or they occupy a
surface over 8 ha if their depth is 3 m or more. Although the second criterion alters the requirements
provided by Annex II of the Water Framework Directive (50 ha surface), that allows the classification of
small lakes and lagoons that may be of environmental interest for the Iberian Peninsula. Nevertheless, the
classification does not include several environmentally valuable wetlands located in the Guadalquivir basin.
Lakes typology
Bodies
Surface
(ha)
Surface
(%)
18
Interior lakes situated in small
sedimentation,
karst
and
hypogenic basins
Interior
lakes
situated
in
sedimentation,
non-karst,
permanent, saline fleet water
basins.
Interior
lakes
situated
in
sedimentation,
non-karst,
temporary, saline water basins.
Coastal lakes located in dune
complexes
Total area
Zóñar lagoon
40,64
17,6
Los Tollos lagoon
80,11
34,7
Zarracatín lagoon
61,88
26,8
Santa Olalla
lagoon
4
48,37
20,9
231
100
Table 11. Guadalquivir basin lakes typology. Source: MARM.
Zóñar, Zarracatín and Santa Olalla lagoons are protected by international and regional environmental
regulations.
2.2.1.2. Modified water bodies.
Reservoirs that are considered as modified water bodies must be over 50 ha or affect more than 5 km of
river length.
The provisional proposal of modified bodies classification includes a total of 52 river sections corresponding
to 45 sections inundated by other reservoir fillings, as well as 7 additional sections which are connected to
two consecutive reservoirs and draw together the area affected by the barrage and the modified body within
the area comprised between the two reservoirs.
Sections suggested as modified water bodies occupy 985 km and represent 9% of the studied river network.
Guadalquivir river is one of the courses with a greatest length and number of qualified sections. 46% of its
course is considered as modified a body, as 6 barrages affect middle and lower courses, 3 barrages affect
the higher course and 1 modify the headwaters.
Modified bodies
Cubillas
Bermejales
Francisco Abellán
Negratín
Canales
Colomera
Portillo
San Clemente
No. of sections
5
7
3
5
1
3
1
3
Length (m)
5,238
11,529
8,113
3,436
4,823
8,137
4,163
6,611
Table 12. Modified water bodies in the province of Granada. Guadalquivir river basin.
Source: MARM.
19
2.2.1.3. Artificial water bodies.
An artificial water body is any water body that has been created by human action in a specific place where
previously there was no water body at all - unlike modified water bodies. To draw an analogy with other
surface water bodies which are essentially defined by their extension - such as lakes, transitional water and
coastal lagoons), artificial water bodies may also be defined according to a 0.5 km2 area threshold.
There are not any identified artificial water bodies within the Guadalquivir District.
2.2.2. Pressures and impacts analysis
Pressure is considered to be significant if it may contribute to produce an impact that hampers the
achievement of the Water Framework Directive environmental goals. The existence of significant pressure
does not imply that the body is at risk, but is subject to pressures that are likely to alter its environmental
goals, that is, pressure is an important element within the system and must be paid attention.
Pressure types:
2.2.2.1. Specific contamination sources.
Urban waste dumps, industrial waste dumps, hazardous and dangerous waste dumping sites, urban
dumping sites, and industrial dumping sites are considered as specific contamination sources.
Identified pressures
SR (Safe Risk):
RUS (Risk Under Study):
Absolute
(%)
5,5 %
22,8 %
Table 13. Bodies at risk as a consequence of specific contamination sources.
Source: MARM.
2.2.2.2. Diffuse contamination sources.
Unirrigated agriculture, irrigated agriculture, livestock, airports, transportation routes, contaminated soils,
scattered urban areas, mining areas, recreational areas, prairies, and petrol stations are considered as
diffuse contamination sources.
Identified pressures
SR (Safe Risk):
RUS (Risk Under Study):
Absolute
(%)
4,3 %
33,5 %
Table 14. Water bodies at risk as a consequence of diffuse contamination sources.
Source: MARM.
Around 88% of water bodies at risk of diffuse contamination sources are subject to pressure due to
agricultural activities. Main pollutants arising from agricultural activities are biocides and phytosanitaries,
solid-suspensions, eutrophicants (NO3 and PO4), oxygen consumers (DBO5 or DQO).
20
2.2.2.3. Collections.
The number and amount of collections of surface water consumptive uses for the entire District is as follows:
Use
Irrigation
Supply
Total
No.
Collections
6.274
684
6.958
Amount
(hm3/year)
2.522
418
2.940
Table 15. Collections and amount of surface water consumptive use.
Source: MARM.
In order to assess any significant pressure, a formula has been established in base of specific methods.
These methods will be not described in this research. This formula leads to the necessity of keeping the river
flow carrying approximately 60% of the average annual flow. Extraction exceeding 40% of annual average
flow may be considered as significant pressure.
Category
Rivers
Bodies highly modified by a dam
Transitional waters
TOTAL
Number of
bodies
29
8
1
38
% of bodies
10,62
15,38
100
11,66
Table 16: Number and % of surface water bodies subject to significant pressure due to collections. Source: MARM.
2.2.2.4. Regulation.
The storing capacity of water in dams in the district amounts to 7,527.8 Hm3. A regulation index (RI) has
been built for the district and it is thought that bodies with any specific point with a RI higher than 40% will
be subject to significant pressure.
Category
Rivers
Bodies very modified by a dam
Transitional waters
TOTAL
Number of
bodies
62
50
1
113
% of bodies
22,71
96,15
100
34,66
Table 17. Water bodies under significant pressure as a result of regulation. Source: MARM.
Identified pressures
Confirmed Risk
Risk under Study
Absolute %
3.7 %
17.2 %
Table 18. Water bodies at risk as a result of regulation.
Source: MARM.
21
2.2.2.5. Morphological alterations:
This section focuses on the analysis of river continuity and potential changes of river morphology: pressures
and impacts associate to river fragmentation, area of river space, changes of the composition and structure
of river beds and changes of riparian areas.
63.8% of water bodies within the river category has got at least one section subject to pressures. Regarding
the incidence of each of the types that have been identified, form a total of 273 water bodies, the
percentage of water bodies subject to pressures ranges between 18.6% in activities connected to mining
and 4.4% in water bodies with channelled sections in irrigation farming areas.
Identified pressures
Confirmed Risk
Risk under Study
Absolute %
1.5 %
8%
Table 19. Water bodies at risk as a result of morphological alterations.
Source: MARM.
Land uses.
Areas affected by fire, forest exploitations, bank usage for building or agriculture, aggregate extraction, and
other disruptive elements.
Identified pressures
Confirmed Risk
Risk under Study
Absolute %
0%
3.4 %
Table 20. Water bodies at risk as a result of land uses. Source: MARM.
2.2.3. Economic analysis of water use.
The Guadalquivir basin has got a total area of 57,527 Km2 and a population of over 4.2 million in 476
municipalities. According to the Basin Hydrological Plan renewable natural resources account for 7,230
Hm3/year, whereas estimated gross consumption was 3.788 (52.4%). This 'gross consumption' does not
account for anu demand that may be met by means of returns, recyvling and reuse, which would require a
detailed analysis.
In terms of water use by sector, agriculture, stockbreeding and fisheries rank first (88%), followed by
houseled and municipal use (10%) and industry (2%). Agriculture consumes 88 percent of the resource
while it generates 6.6 percent of GVA, although it accounts for approximately 12 percent of the river basin
employment. Additionally, agroindustry is the most important subordinate industrial sector, with 22 percent
of industrial employment and 30 percent of GVA. An area of 652,867 ha (23 percent of cultivated area) is
irrigated, which is expected to be increased. Olive trees are the most widespread crops, both in irrigated
farming and dry farming.
22
Modernisation of irrigation systems must be mentioned since most of them are with localised irrigation.
Increased efficiency resulting from modernisation leads to water savings that are not enough to make up for
the increase in irrigated area.
Total revenues of industrial activities in 2002 in the Guadalquivir Demarcation reached 6.876 billion euros
(15% of the GVA), with 177,000 jobs and a total water consumption of 86 hm3 (2%). Estimated industry
consumption for 2015 will be 111.5 hm3 (3% of total consumption and a 30% increase over 2002).
Tourism pressure with 6 percent of total GVA and employment is just 0.25% of total water consumption
(estimated 0.5 percent in 2015).
Agriculture
and
stockbreeding
Industry
Tourism
Other sectors
Total HD
GVA
(103 €)
% of
GVA
Employment
103)
% of
employment
Water
consumption
(hm3)
% of water
consumption
3.143.108
7%
158,6
12%
3.142
88%
6.875.527
3.027.890
34.293.240
47.339.765
15%
6%
72%
100%
178
83
933
1.353
13%
6%
69%
100%
86
9
346
3.583
2%
0%
10%
100%
Table 21. Gross Value-Added according to water use. Source: MARM.
2.2.4. Monitoring of surface water status, groundwater status and protected areas.
Article 8 of the Water Framework Directives.
Monitoring of the quantitative and qualitative status od surface water and groundwater status is performed
in the Guadalquivir Hydrographic Demarcation by means of servqal monitoring networks. All data collected
ara stored in ddatabases and periodical reports are issued.
2.2.4.1. Monitoring of surface water status.
1. Integral Water Quality Network (ICA)
The main targets of the Integral Water Quality Network (ICA) are: comply with different European directives
and their transposition to national legislation about continental surface waters and international
arrangements on this subject endorsed by Spain; control water quality targets indicated in the hydrological
plan; and act as a tool for understanding and evaluating the river basin quality state.
The structure of the network is made up by fixed stations with manual checking points. The Network is
exploited through the regular control of physicochemical and microbiological parameters on water samples
of these stations. Each station performs one or more controls, i.e. groups of parameters, periodicity, matrix,
etc. which provide information on one of the objectives of the network.
ICA Network stations are grouped into different networks according to the controls assigned to each of
them.
 Supply monitoring network.
 Monitoring network for fish life potential maintenance and/or improvement.
 Monitoring network for Predrinking Water Quality Objectives according to the Hydrologic Plan.
 Monitoring network for Fish Life Quality Objectives according to the Hydrologic Plan.
23








Bathing water monitoring network.
Monitoring network of catchments flowing into the Doñana Natural Park.
Eurowaternet network.
Monitoring network of the OSPAR RID programme (monitoring pollution discharged into the Atlantic
Ocen by rivers).
UE information exchange network.
Hazardous substances monitoring network.
Nitrate monitoring network in vulnerable areas.
Monitoring network for the eutrophisation status of reservoirs in vulnerable areas.
2. Automatic Water Quality Information System (SAICA)
This system analyses and sends continuously and automatically real time data on water status to the
relevant Basin authorities. This system was first used in the Guadalquivir River Basin Confederation at the
end of 1994, and nowadays it has 21 automatic alert stations. Each station has got:
 Satellite data transmiter;
 A turbidity meter;
 A level meter when appropriate;
 A conductivity, pH and tempereature meter;
 A disolved oxygen analyser;
Particularly, depending on the studied sample point where the station is, there will be:
 A chlorine analyser;
 A nitrate analyser;
 An ammonium analyser;
 A total organic carbon compound analyser;
 A concentrator of organic compounds.
3. Biological quality indicators network
The following table lists the indicators that have been developed:
Physical-chemical:
Biological-macroinvertebrates:
Hydromophological-banks:
Hydromophological-river bed
Environmental
conditions
affecting
biological
indicators; acidification (pH), salinity (conductivity),
oxygenation (02), thermal conditions (temperature).
The IBMWP - Iberian Biological monitoring Working
Party Index has been used to measure the status of
acuatic invertebrate communities.
Structure – composition and abundance – of
riparian forests, using the QBR bank quality index.
River bed structure and substrate, measured
according to the IHF river habitat heterogeneity
index.
Table 22. Biological quality indicators.
4. Foronomic network (Official flow capacity stations network)
There are 65 stations in the basin. The types are as follows:
 Simple scale.
 Scale with limnimeter.
 Scale with limnimeter and bucket gauge.
 Channeled section with single outlet.
24

Multiple outlets.
5. Automatic Hydrological Information System (SAIH)
The Guadalquivir river basin's Automatic Hydrological Information System allows the following targets,
amongst others:
 Automatic supply in real time of information on climate, hydrologic and hydraulic infrastructure
variables, which are relevant for and condition management, monitoring and hydraulic operation of
the Basin.
 Short-term control and optimization of reservoirs, channels and main pipelines in the basin, both for
supply adjustment measures and flood management.
 Medium-term forecasts of available resources to optimize their allocation to different uses –
irrigation, urban supply, hydroelectric production, environmental flows, etc.-, both for surface water
systems and for joint use with groundwater resources.
 Short-term forecasts of the evolution of water levels and flows of the rivers in the Basin and
triggering of automatic alarms in order to minimise potential damages caused by floods.
Groundwater monitoring programmes.
1. Piezometric control networks
In 2006, the Official Piezometric Network comprised 120 points, measured on a monthly basis, 100 of which
are located in the Guadalquivir river basin.
HU
05.03
05.04
Name
Duda-La Sagra
Huéscar-Puebla de don Fadrique
Piezometers
1
7
05.06
05.09
Orce-María-Cúllar
Baza-Caniles
3
7
05.10
05.11
05.12
Jabalcón
Sierra de Baza
Guadix-Marquesado
1
2
5
05.29
05.30
Sierra de Colomera
Sierra Arana
1
3
05.32
Depresión de Granada
14
05.33
Sierra Elvira
3
05.66
05.40
Grajales-Pandera
Sierra Gorda
2
2
Trend
Stable
Downward with EI next to
40 percent
Stable
Slightly downward with EI
next to 30 percent
Slightly downward
Slightly downward
Slightly downward with EI
next to 60 percent
No data
Downward with EI next to
10 percent
Downward with EI next to
40 percent
Slightly downward with EI
next to 80 percent
Slightly downward
Stable with hard downward
flows in summer
Table 23. Piezometers in the province of Granada within the Guadalquivir river basin.
2. Groundwater quality control network
The Guadalquivir river basin's groundwater quality control network comprises 171 control points distributed
amongst the 71 groundwater bodies into three subordinate networks:
25
-
Subnetwork controlling pre-drinking water (54 points).
Subnetwork controlling Agriculture Mitrate Pollution (30 points).
General Control Subnetwork (69 points).
Additionally there are 18 joint control points for more than one network, from them 16 belong to the general
control subnetwork and the pre-drinking water subnetwork and 2 to the general control subnetwork and the
nitrate control subnetwork.
These 171 control points are divided as follows: 52 springs, 48 wells, 69 test drillings, and 2 wells with
galleries.
2.3. Identification of public participation actions in Water Management. Article 14 of the
Water Framework Directive (Exchange of information and public consultation, public
participation in decision-making).
Article 14 of the Water Framework Direction establishes that Member States shall encourage the active
involvement of all interested parties in its implementation, in particular in the production, review and
updating of the river basin management plans.
The rewritten text of the Water Act and the Hydrological Plan Regulation includes all the requirements of
paragraph 14 of the WFD and sets public participation committees and bodies of the districts.
The Regulation further defines the scope and contents of the documents required for participation, and in
particular, it incorporates a further mandate to produce, at the beginning of the planning process, of a
document called “Public Participation Project”, which outlines the scope and processes in order to achieve
appropriate information, consultation and participation along the entire process. This document shall be
available for public consultation together with the other two initial documents of the process: “Programme,
Schedule and Consultation Formulas” and “General Study of the Demarcation”, during a six-month period for
anyone to submit allegations.
The main principles of public participation are the following:







Promote negotiations and mediation as strategies for making the hydrological plan.
Make a previous analysis of the concerned parties for identifying and describing each part of the
participation process.
Acknowledge legality of all positions.
Provide a meeting point for all parts related to water management, emphasizing common interests
and creating appropriate means to solve conflicts.
Present the conclusions reached during the process in relevant forums.
Involve all autonomous and state institutions in making the hydrological plan.
Drill into complementation policies between public authorities and individuals keeping information
and respect to a maximum level.
Public participation levels:
Public participation in the WFD planning process must be confirmed in three levels of increasing public
implication:



Public information
Public query
Active participation
According to the WFD, the first two levels must be confirmed and the third level must be promoted.
26
The Public Information stage includes among its objectives ”providing to stakeholdres and society with
information on the planning process (steps, deadlines, possibilitis to participate and scope), dissemination
campaigns with key messages, …”.The Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs and the
Guadalquivir River Basin Confederation publish in their respective websites all produced drafts and
documents about hydrological planning and a list of sites where paper documents can be consulted.
For the





Guadalquivir river basin, the following documents are available:
Information, query, and public participation in the Guadalquivir river basin planning process
Guadalquivir River Basin District general study summary
Hydrological plan advertisement
Hydrological plan poster
Important aspects schedule brochure
Public consultation of the hydrologic planning documents is a formal mandatory process according to
both the Framework Water Directive and the latest version of the Water Act. It has been further developed
in Article 74 of the Hydrologic Planning Regulation. The following documents shall be available for public
consultation for at least 6 months:





Query programme, calendar, and forms
Public participation project
River basin district general study
Provisional important aspects schedule
Hydrological plan d
Except for the last document, all of them have been subject to public consultation in Spain and the six
months have expired. The query process has been complemented with informative documents, conferences,
and workshops to promote individuals' participation. The contributions received during public consultation
have been incorporated into a report that is part of the planning process.
For the Guadalquivir river basin, there have been two query stages of the following documents:
First stage:
 Query programme, calendar, and forms
 Proyecto de Participación Pública:
o Part I: Introducción.
o Parte II: Surface waters
o Parte III: Groundwater
o Parte IV: Economic analysis.
o Parte V: Appendix No. 1.
These documents have been subject to public query from the 26th of July, 2007, until the 26th of January,
2008.
Second






stage:
Provisional important topics schedule
Annex A Mehtodology for the selection of Important Topics.
Annex B Files of Important Topics 1 to 9.
Annex c Files of Important Topics 10 to 25.
Annex D Other Available Information – RZP.
References
These documents has¡ve been available for public consultation between 31st July 2008 and 31st January
2009.
As of September 2010 there are no documents available for public consultation.
27
Active Participation in the planning process implies involving in decision making on hydrologic planning
not only the traditionally most interested stakeholders, but also a wider and more diverse representation of
society’s interests, beyond the legal requirements of public consultation.
The river basin authority will promote the active participation of the concerned parties in the planning
process.
The following Workshops and Public Participation Sessions have been held in the Guadalquivir Basin:
 Workshop no. 1 (08.11.2007). Session for the Presentation of the Public Participation Project.
 Workshop no. 2 (04.03.2008). Implementation of Ecological Flows.

implantación de Caudales Ecológicos.
 Workshop no. 3 (27.05.2008). Priorities in Water Use.
 Workshop no. 4 (26.06.2008). Meeting of the Information and Monitoring Panel.
 Workshop no. 5 (11.09.2008). Session for the presentation of Important Topics for water supply in
the Hydrologic Planning process.
 Workshop no. 6 (17.09.2008). Water as a news item. The Hydrologic Plan of the Demarcation.
 Workshop no. 7 (25.09.2008). Session for the presentation of Important Topics for agriculture in the
Hydrologic Planning process.
 Workshop no. 8 (02.10.2008). Session for the presentation of Important Topics for industry, tourism
and recreational uses in the Hydrologic Planning process.
 Workshop no. 9 (04.10.2008). Session for the Presentation of the Scheme of Important Topics to
the Civil Society.
 Workshop no. 10 (11.12.2008). Workshop on Agriculture and Good Ecological Status.
 Workshop no. 11 (24.03.2009). Territorial Workshop on the Middle Guadalquivir and Lower Genil.
 Workshop no. 12 (16.06.2009). Territorial Workshop on the Northeastern Headwaters.
 Workshop no. 13 (28.07.2009). Territorial Workshop on the Jándula Catchment.
 Workshop no. 14 (11.11.2009). Territorial Workshop on the Lower Guadalquivir and Doñana.
 Workshop no. 15 (23.02.2010). Territorial Workshop on the Upper Genil-Guadiana Menor.
28
3. Description of the pilot catchment
3.1. General description
The pilot catchment that has been chosen is located in
the middle course of the Genil River, in the Poniente
Granadino (Western Granada) area, in the southeastern part of the Guadalquivir Hydrographical
Demarcation. Although the Poniente Granadino area
covers a greater area, the villages included in the pilot
catchment selected for the project are Huétor-Tájar,
Loja, and Villanueva Mesía. These three villages have a
total population of 33,700 inhabitants according to the
2009 Municipal Census. Villanueva Mesía has got just
one population agglomeration, Huétor Tájar has got
two, and Loja a total of 19.
Climate characteristics.
The climate in this pilot basin, which is part of the
Guadalquivir
basin,
is
basically
continental
Mediterranean; its main characteristics are hot
summers (around 24-25ºC) and cold winters, with
average temperatures below 6-7ºC, in which frosts are
common. Average height above sea level is 721 m.
Economic sectors.
The economy of the Poniente Granadino area shows a
high specific weight of the Primary Sector, especially
agriculture and stockbreeding, which is the main, and in many cases the only, source of income.
In the Secondary Sector, some of the most important activities are the Textile and Clothing Subsector,
considered to be a traditional subsector, in which formerly there used to be many textile production centres
employing mostly unqualified female labour, which contributed substantially to underground employment in
the area. This situation has become totally different today, since most of the textile industries have
disappeared after the crisis in the industry. The Agrifood Subsector is also important, which is organised
mainly on a cooperative basis, since the smallholding structure of land ownership requires cooperative
organisations for processing. However, its marketing structure is still weak.
In the Tertiary Sector, and more specifically in the Commerce Subsector, in many villages of the Poniente
Granadino a traditional and obsolete commercial structure is still in place. This, together with the proximity
of the city of Granada and its large retail outlets adds a further problem to this subsector, which is important
in terms of proximity services for the rural population. The Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure Subsector is a
strategic one in the Poniente Granadino area. As of today it is not an important tourist area yet; however, it
has got a great potential for rural and interior tourism based on its relevant natural landscapes, abundance
of water and geographic location. Finally, the Construction Subsector has also got some relevance in the
Poniente Granadino area, even with its problems arising from the up-and-down periods of the industry,
being an important complement to farming.
29
In conclusion, we may say that the local business fabric in the Poniente Granadino area has a got low
competitiveness and there is also an absence of medium and long term investment plans. The main reasons
for this situation are:







A clear technology gap and at the same time difficulty to maintain currently existing levels.
Difficulty in supplies; the area has got a poor articulation for the provision of the demanded and
existing productive inputs.
Funding problems, especially to implement the investment plans required to allow for technological
innovation, expansion of productive capacity or access to new markets.
Human resources with suboptimal qualification and specialization levels, together with a poor
business qualification and entrepreneurship deficits.
Poor marketing structures.
Absence of inter-business cooperation resulting in low productive efficiency leading to weak
competitiveness. No business counselling and information services.
Deficit of properly structured, sized and infrastructure-built industrial land.
Some of the attraction factors of the Poniente Granadino as a residential area are the following:





Presence of plenty water.
Natural environment with great landscape values.
Quality areas for rural tourism.
Privileged geographic position in the centre of the region.
Proximity to the coastline and the mountains.
Some of the attraction factors of the Poniente Granadino in terms of economic location are:
 Geographic position in the centre of Andalusia.
 The A-92 motorway provides fast connections with the rest of the region.
 Proximity to the airports of Granada and Malaga.
The chart below shows the population employed in each of the economic sectors:
Employed population
Primary sector
Secondary sector
Tertiary sector
9.346
6.458
5.769
Primary sector
Secondary sector
Tertiary sector
Table 24. Employed population by sector. Source: SIMA, 2001. Source: Own production with data collected from the
Poniente Granadino Strategic Plan (2007-2013).
The sector accounting for a greater share of employment is the tertiary sector, including subsectors such as
commerce, hospitality, education, financial services, real estate activities, public administration, healthcare,
etc. It is followed by the primary sector, which as mentioned above, is the only source of income in some of
30
the municipalities. Finally, the secondary sector provides employment in the construction, extractive industry
and agrifood industry subsectors mainly.
In the following chart we can see land distribution according to land uses. 33% of the land is used for olive
farming. Next there are dry-farming crops, with 19% of the total area and areas with scarce vegetation
accounting for 13% of the land. Quercus forests, scrubland, irrigation farming and fir forests rank next in
terms of area.
Villages, industry and
infrastructure, mines and landfills
Land uses
Dry land crops
Irrigated crops
Olive crops
1% 1%
13%
1%
7%
0%
6%
Wide spectrum of crops
19%
Quercus trees
6%
Coniferous trees
Hardwood species and mixtures
10%
Bush
3%
33%
Pastureland
Spaces with little vegetation
Dams and other wetlands
Chart 2. Land distribution according to land use. Source: SIMA, 2001. Source: Own production with data collected from
the Poniente Granadino Strategic Plan (2007-2013).
3.2. Pressures and impacts
It is hard to find detailed data on small catchments within a basin, since most studies are conducted at basin
and subbasin level. Therefore, to describe the pressures and impacts existing in our pilot catchment we will
refer to the Middle Genil river basin, in which this is located.
3.2.1. Urban wastewater
There are currently 37 agglomerations with more than 2,000 population equivalents in the Upper and
Medium Genil basin. Eleven of them have got a properly operating WWTP whereas 26 (70%) are noncompliant.
However, of the 968,096 population equivalents living in the Genil Basin upstream of Iznajar, more than
75% have got an appropriate wastewater treatment.
31
In order to assess BOD5 in all water bodies a model has been built, which accumulates discharges into the
sewages and estimates BOD5 concentration at each point of the network. This model has been calibrated
with the information provided by the ICA network of water quality stations. The following chart shows the
results of the DBO5 analysis of the different water bodies.
Status
Genil upstream of Iznájar
No. of bodies in
good condition
33
No. of bodies in less
than good condition
15
% of bodies in less
than good condition
31
Table 25. : Status of Water bodies according to DBO5 evaluation in the upper and medium Genil river basin. Source:
Territorial Workshop: Upper Genil and Guadiana Menor (Hydrological Plan of the Guadalquivir Demarcation).
In the Genil down to Iznajar 15 water bodies in a less tan good condition have been detected (from a total
of 48, accounting for 23%).
In the pilot catchment the only municipality with completed and operational WWTPs is Loja. They serve the
agglomerations of:
 Loja and San Antonio quarter, serving a population of 15,962 inhabitants. The treatment system is
extended aeration.
 Manzanil, serving 747 population equivalents, mostly from the Manzanil industrial site, which houses
mainly warehousing activities. The treatment system uses biodiscs.
Among the agglomerations located in the municipality of Loja, Santa Barbara has a WWTP which has been
completed but is not in operation yet. The population equivalent served by this WWTP is 158.
In this municipality there are currently two WWTPs under construction:
 Venta del Rayo-Atajea WWTP, which will serve the agglomerations of Venta del Rayo and de
Atajea, with a total of 406 population equivalent.
 Riofrío-Cuesta Blanca WWTP, which will serve the agglomerations of Riofrío and Cuesta Blanca,
with a total of 410 population equivalent.
The project for the Huetor Tajar-Villanueva Mesia WWTP, serving the two agglomerations, is currently being
drafted.
Measures in the field of wastewater treatment.





Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban waste water treatment requires that all agglomerations with
more than 2,000 population equivalents must have appropriate treatment.
The Ministry of the Environment and of Rural and Marine Affaires has launched the National Water
Quality Plan (Plan Nacional de Calidad de Aguas – PNCA 2007-2015) to implement Directive
91/271/EEC.
These actions include the construction of upgrading of 26 WWTPs in the Upper Genil River that are
non-compliant according to the Directive.
A resolution of the Ministry of the Environment of 10 th July 2006 declares the Sensitive Zones in
Intercommunity Hydrographic Basins.
In this area there are two Sensitive Zones, the Cubillas reservoir and the Canales reservoir. This will
require a stricter treatment in the WWTPs for more than 10,000 population equivalents. Neither
zone lies within the boundaries of the pilot catchment.
32
3.2.2. Industrial wastewater
In the upper-middle Genil area, as in much of the Guadalquivir Hydrographic Demarcation, a high
percentage of the industry discharges directly into the sewage network. Since most of the industrial
wastewater is part of the urban wastewater, in most cases it is difficult to identify the source of the
hazardous substances detected in water bodies.
The greatest industrial concentration in the area under study is located in the municipality of Granada, its
metropolitan area and the municipality of Loja. This later town is located within our pilot area and it houses
some industries declared as hazardous (chemical industry). The volume of discharges in the later town
ranges between 50,000 and 100,000 m 3/year.
In 2008 the only non-compliances of the Environmental Quality Standards regarding substances included in
Annex IV of the Hydrologic Planning Regulation, and with a presumably industrial origin are mercury in the
Iznajar reservoir and cyanide in the upper section of the Genil River and lower sections of the Darro and
Dilar Rivers around the city of Granada.
Proposed measures.
The environmental objective is to reduce the concentrations of hazardous substances contained in List I, List
II Preferential and List II Priority, to target levels below the NCA thresholds established in the regulations
currently in force for such substances.
The Programme of Measures aims at strict compliance with regulations currently in force in order to try to
ensure that objectives are met.
To ensure compliance with regulations it is necessary to intensify control and surveillance of authorized
discharges. Furthermore, and since most industries discharge directly into the sewage network, it is likewise
important that managers in charge of urban wastewater treatment control such discharges.
3.2.3. Agriculture runoff water
Nitrogen pollution.
Inadequate use of nitrogen fertilizers, either overuse of inadequate time of application, together with the
easy leaching of nitrates in rainwater or irrigation water, may cause a substantial increase of this element in
water. On the other hand urban wastewater is typical for its content in some nitrogen compounds (organic
nitrogen, ammonium, nitrites and nitrates). This nitrogen through mineralisation and nitrification appears as
nitrates in receiving water.
In terms of nitrogen pollution, in the Genil area downstream to Iznajar 42 water bodies in good condition
and 6 water bodies in less than good condition have been identified.
33
Map 4. Condition of water bodies according to nitrogen pollution in the upper and middle Genil catchment. Source:
Territorial Workshop: Upper Genil and Guadiana Menor (Hydrological Plan of the Guadalquivir Demarcation).
The water bodies shown in yellow are those that show moderate (less than good) nitrogen pollution.
Measures regarding nitrogen pollution:







The basic guidelines and types of control measures of nitrogen pollution resulting from agriculture
are listed in the Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC, incorporated into Spanish Law by means of Royal
Decree RD 261/1996.
Identification and designation of vulnerable areas in Andalusia has been made by means of Order
36/2008, of 5th February. In the area of Granada the Vulnerable Zone of Vega de Granada, with an
area of 583Km² has been identified and designated.
Order of 18th November 2008 approved the action plan to be applied in areas designated as
vulnerable to nitrate pollution from agricultural sources in Andalusia, and established the action
plans to be applied in such areas over the four years following its enactment; the latter must include
the measures listed in the good agricultural practice codes.
Extension of the mandatory area in the application of Action Plans (15,000 ha of farmland).
In addition to the measures approved for agriculture, the measures described for treatment of urban
wastewater have to be considered.
Cross-compliance in the perception of support, regulated by an Order of 5 th June 2007, which
establishes the requirements for the application of cross-compliance regarding direct support under
the Common Agricultural Policy.
Measures included in the Rural Development Plan (such as agri-environmental measures, integrated
production, organic farming, etc.).
Pollution by plant protection products
In the Guadalquivir Hydrographic Demarcation the areas in which a greater amount of plant protection
product discharges have been detected are along the Guadalquivir and Genil rivers, and in the catchment
discharging in the Iznájar reservoir, all of the irrigation farming areas. The plant protection products
detected to the greatest extent are Terbutilazine and Diuron (DCMU).
34
Only one water body has been identified as being in a bad condition in terms of hazardous substances
derived from products, the river Genil in its course next to Granada and the substance was Cloropirifos
(2008).
Measures against pollution caused by plant protection products:






One of the environmental objectives established for this water body us the reduction of
concentrations of hazardous substances to level under the NCA thresholds established in the specific
regulations and standards in force.
The main measure for the reduction of plant protection product levels is strict compliance with the
regulations in force. To that purpose the control and monitoring campaigns currently underway are
of paramount importance.
Compliance with Directive 91/414/EEC concerning the placing of plant protection products on the
market. Exclusive and appropriate use of authorized plant protection products (included in the National
Register of Plant Protection Products according to Royal Decree 2163/1994).
Cross-compliance in the perception of support, regulated by an Order of 5 th June 2007, which
establishes the requirements for the application of cross-compliance regarding direct support under
the Common Agricultural Policy.
Improvement of training provided to farmers.
Measures included in the Rural Development Plan (such as agri-environmental measures, integrated
production, organic farming, etc.).
3.2.4. Summary.
The following tables summarises the ecological status of the surface water bodies:
Status
Genil
downstream
to Iznájar
No. of bodies
in very good
condition
No. of bodies
in good
condition
No. of bodies
in moderate
condition
No. of bodies
in poor
condition
No. of bodies
in bad
condition
% of bodies in
less than good
condition
8
19
16
2
3
43,75
Table 26. Condition of water bodies according to their ecological status in the upper and middle Genil catchment.
Source: Territorial Workshop: Upper Genil and Guadiana Menor (Hydrological Plan of the Guadalquivir Demarcation).
35
3.3. Classification of water bodies
In the Upper Genil Catchment there are 48 water bodies; all of them fall within the River category.
Map 5. Rivers in the upper and middle Genil downstream to Iznajar. Source: Territorial Workshop: Upper Genil and
Guadiana Menor (Hydrological Plan of the Guadalquivir Demarcation).
Of these bodies, 8 have been declared highly modified water bodies; 6 of them are reservoirs and the other
2 are regulated sections downstream. The Iznajar reservoir is located within the pilot catchment.
3.4. Water balance and water use by sectors.
Regarding hydrology, the following table shows the average values of the main natural variables drawn from
data from the SIMPA.
Zone
Upper and middle Genil
downstream to Iznájar
Area
Km2
4.686,5
4
Rainfall
mm
534,78
Evapotranspiration
Real
Potential
940
417,06
Input
hm3
mm
557,02
118,64
Table 27. Values of hydrological variables in the upper and middle Genil catchment. Source: Territorial Workshop:
Upper Genil and Guadiana Menor (Hydrological Plan of the Guadalquivir Demarcation).
36
3.4.1. Use by sector.
Global water use in the Upper and Middle Genial area downstream to Iznajar accounts for 322.43 hm3/year
and irrigation farming is the main consumer with 75% of the total figure.
Water uses in High and Middle Genil to
Iznájar
1%
24%
75%
Supply
Irrigation
Industrial
Chart 3. Water uses. Source: Own production based on the data collected in the Territorial Workshop: Upper Genil and
Guadiana Menor (Hydrological Plan of the Guadalquivir Demarcation).
Fort the year 2015 is estimated that uses will decrease by close to 48 hm3 (14.8%), to a total of 274.98
hm3/year. This reduction will result mainly from the reduction of expected agricultural use in all areas
thanks to the modernization of irrigation systems and an increase of water use efficiency in agriculture.
3.5. Economic analysis
For urban supply, the average water supply and sanitation rate per m 3 is similar in the municipalities with
less than 5,000 inhabitants, around 0.52 Euros/m 3, whereas in those with more than 5,000 inhabitants rates
rise up to 0.68 Euros/m3.
These rates are low as compared to those applied in other municipalities of the province that have grouped
together to manage the integrated water cycle, such as those in the Vega de Granada and the Tropical
Coast. These rates do not allow for the surplus that would be necessary to undertake investments and
therefore are clearly insufficient to provide a high quality service.
The average profit and loss account of the municipalities that are not part of any territorial association for
the management of the integrated water cycle is negative, which becomes even more negative after
including the financial costs. Furthermore, in the operating income depreciation costs are not included and
they should be considered in the future if infrastructure investments are made.
37
+ Income from water-sanitation
+ Income from wastewater treatment
+ Other Income
(A) TOTAL INCOME
- Labour costs
- Water purchasing costs
- Discharge fee
- Other operational costs
(B) TOTAL COSTS
(A-B) OPERATING INCOME
- Financial costs
BALANCE AFTER FINANCIAL COSTS
< 2000 Inh.
25,652
1,808
2,305
29,765
12,087
2,185
3,791
8,740
26,802
2,963
1,272
1,691
Total no. of
From 2000
municipaliti
to 5000 Inh. > 5000 Inh.
es
72,762
246,110
54,404
13,491
43,113
7,786
1,529
170,488
16,643
87,781
459,712
78,833
42,203
195,279
34,110
8,029
132,873
14,660
6,448
27,054
6,346
48,661
115,894
26,237
105,340
471,100
81,353
-17,559
-11,389
-2,520
2,208
2,816
1,599
-19,767
-14,205
-4,119
Table 28. Average profit and loss account of municipalities in the province of Granada, excluding the municipalities that
are part of Territorial Associations for the management of the integrated water cycle.
The municipality of Loja has got 21,574 inhabitants and Huétor Tájar 9,953 inhabitants, and so both would
be in the group of municipalities with more than 5,000 inhabitants in the study, whereas Villanueva Mesía
would be in the group of municipalities with between 2,000 and 5,000 inhabitants, with 2,173.
In the case of Loja, water management is carried out by GEMALSA, the Environmental Management
Company of Loja, which is in charge, among other services, of water collection and supply, wastewater
sanitation and treatment, and public gardening. Its income in 2009 was 2,023,413.33 € with total costs of
2,063,007.18 €.
38
Literature
Multiple authors. Atlas temático de la provincia de Granada (Thematic Atlas of the province of Granada).
Published by Diputación de Granada, 2002.
Multiple authors. Guadalquivir Hydrographic Planning documents posted in the website of the Ministry of the
Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs.




Territorial Workshop: Upper Genil and Guadiana Menor (Hydrological Plan of the Guadalquivir Demarcation).
Guadalquivir Hydrographic Planning Document: Part I, Part II, Part III, Part IV, Part V and Part VI.
Scheme of important topics in water management.
Draft document of the Basin Hydrological Plan.
Multiple authors. Plan Estratégico Poniente Granadino (Poniente Granadino Strategic Plan). Published by the
Poniente Granadino Rural Development Partnership, 2.008.
Consulted Websites:








Emasagra (integrated water cycle serviced company of the province of Granada).
http://www.emasagra.es
“Water” section in the Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs.
http://www.mma.es/portal/secciones/aguas_continent_zonas_asoc/
Guadalquivir River Basin Authority.
http://www.chguadalquivir.es/opencms/portalchg/laDemarcacion/recursosHidraulicos/
Andalusian Water Agency. http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/agenciadelagua/
Regional Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/
Poniente Granadino Rural Development Partnership. http://www.ponientegranadino.org/
Regional Ministry of the Environment. http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente
Ministry of Health, Social Policies and Equality. http://www.msps.es/
39
ANNEX: WATER MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS
40
Project cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund
Project cofinancé par le Fonds européen de développement régional
1G–MED08-515
The MED Programme 2007-2013
WATER MANAGEMENT IN GUADALQUIVIR RIVER BASIN DISTRICT,
SPAIN
Phase 3.1 – Water Management Analysis
SURVEY DOCUMENT
August 2010
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
SUMMARY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
General Information (Partner Identification) ............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Administrative Bodies................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Water Legal Framework – Water Framework Directive (WFD) and Groundwater Directive (GWD)......................................................................................... 9
WFD and GWD Application Analysis......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Water State Analysis -1- ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Water State Analysis -2- ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Water State Analysis -3- ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Public Participation in Water Management Activities Analysis ............................................................................... Σφάλμα! Δεν ζχει οριστεί σελιδοδείκτης.
Economic analysis ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Pricing policy ............................................................................................................................................................. Σφάλμα! Δεν ζχει οριστεί σελιδοδείκτης.
Water management sectors analysis (lakes and rivers) ........................................................................................................................................................... 26
Water management sectors analysis (groundwater) ............................................................................................................................................................... 31
Water management sectors analysis (coastal and transitional waters) .................................................................................................................................. 34
Water management sectors analysis (protection areas) ......................................................................................................................................................... 37
Water management sectors analysis (thermal and mineral waters) ....................................................................................................................................... 40
Water management sectors analysis (drainage and rainwater management) ........................................................................................................................ 42
Water management sectors analysis (irrigation, agricultural usage)....................................................................................................................................... 45
Water management sectors analysis (water for industrial use and energy production) ........................................................................................................ 48
Water management sectors analysis (aquaculture and fishing) .............................................................................................................................................. 51
Water management sectors analysis (water quality control) .................................................................................................................................................. 54
Water management sectors analysis (water balance and meteorological data) ..................................................................................................................... 56
Water management sectors analysis (surveillance and control politics) ................................................................................................................................. 59
Water management sectors analysis (drillings, hydroelectric energy production, surface water usages, permissions and control) .................................... 61
Water infrastructures (water supply, water treatment, water supply urban networks, water services management companies) ....................................... 63
Sewage infrastructures (sewage, waste water treatment) ...................................................................................................................................................... 65
Best practices and success programmes .................................................................................................................. Σφάλμα! Δεν ζχει οριστεί σελιδοδείκτης.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
2
1. General Information (Partner Identification)
Partner
Provincial Council of Granada
Public
Classification
Service or Department
Address
Responsible Name
e-mail
Short description of
Partner Territory
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Private
Local
Public
Other Entities
Authority
Corporation
(NGOs,...)
Environment Department
c/ Periodista Barrios Talavera, 1 – 3ª Planta, Granada (Spain)
Myriam Prieto Labra
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
State
Region
Economic Operator
Other Entities
(NGOs,...)
The province of Granada is distributed amongst the Guadalquivir river basin district (9,960 km2, 79.48% of its territory),
the Mediterranean river basins district (2,628 km2, 20.48% of its territory), and a small part of the Segura river basin
district (47 km2, 0.04% of the province territory).
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
3
2. Administrative schemes-bodies
Short description about the authorities and organizations relevant to water supply, management, control and authorisation.
Authorities and Organizations
Public
Private
Competence
Types
Assigned Functions and Competences
National Level
Ministry of the Environment and Rural and
Marine Affairs
- General Water Department
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013


Planning,
legislative,
regulatory,
monitoring,
control,
surveillance,
executive.
 Development, monitor and review of the National Hydrological Plan,
and set homogeneous systematization criteria for reviewing the river
basin authorities' hydrological plans, based on sustainability principles.
 Drafting of the information on hydrological data and water quality; and,
in general, information that provides for a better understanding of the
resources, status of infrastructures, and general hydrologic knowledge.
 Coordination of emergency plans and the actions to be taken in case of
droughts and floods.
 Inspection and control of the security of hydrological infrastructures;
keep and update the Spanish dam inventory, and promote technical
recommendations, manuals, or best practices in regards to planning
security, building, exploitation and maintenance of the dams.
 Setting of criteria and the development of studies, projects and
exploitation sites, control and preservation of aquifers, as well as
surveillance.
 Supervision, monitoring and control of the continental water quality
levels and activities which may contaminate or degrade the public
hydraulic domain; promote water treatment activities to improve or, if
applicable, eliminate contamination in continental waters; promote
measures to enable the re-use of treated waters and, in general, of all
measures destined to favour water saving and the development of plans
and programmes related to these subjects, in particular, the monitoring
and follow up of the implementation of the National Water Quality Plan.
 Monitoring and control of the good quality of renewable groundwater.
 Coordination, implementation, modernization and monitoring of the
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
4
- Guadalquivir River Basin Confederation
Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013

Planning,
regulatory,
executive,
studies,
evaluation,
inspection.

Regulation and
control of the
quality of
drinking water
irrigation plans and other plans for improving infrastructures, as well as,
plans, emergency actions, damages due to disasters and irrigation of
areas of general interest to the Country.
 Development of departmental competences arising from the
implementation of regulations on waters, in particular, those
competences derived from the application of the Water Framework
Directive and its transposition to national legislation.
State Exclusive Functions:
 Set Guadalquivir River Basin District geographical limits.
 Make, approve, monitor, and review the Guadalquivir River Basin
District Hydrological Plan.
 Registration of the protected areas, including those areas in the
Guadalquivir River Basin District with a special protection status
according to specific laws.
 Management of the Pintado and Jándula dams and those hydrological
works which provide for water availability and exploitation within
geographical limits not exclusive to the Autonomous region of
Andalusia.
Responsibilities to be distributed between the State and the Autonomous
region of Andalusia:
 At the functional level, coordination, information supply, and technical
advice formulae will be set, so that both entities can better fulfil their
responsibilities, without interfering with each other's competences.
 The Autonomous region of Andalusia will provide the State with the
information from its registers which may be included in the Water
Register and the Discharge Inland Waters Register of the Guadalquivir
River Basin District.
 The Autonomous region of Andalusia will provide the State with the
data required for national statistics purposes, for hydrological planning,
or for compliance with EU requirements. The State, in turn, will provide
the Autonomous region of Andalusia with the data required for
autonomous statistics purposes, or for hydrological planning.
 Analyzing of the supervision of water quality when and where deemed
appropriate.
 Management of the National Information System on Water for Human
Consumption (SINAC).
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and water in
swimming
areas.
Ministry of Industry

 under
public
laws
Institutions suppliers of technical support
Meteorological State Agency

Thermal and
mineral waters.
Energy
management.
Executive,
studies,
investigation,
monitoring,
management.
Forecasts,
studies,
investigation,
publication and
information.
 Development of health reports, recommendations and health guides on
subjects related to drinking water.
 Management of queries and consultancy to autonomous communities,
town councils, companies, associations on this sector, and citizens in
general.
 Control of swimming areas and swimming pools.
 Regulation of health aspects related to: Products used for water
treatment, desalination, and reuse of waste water.
 Setting of the foundations for the mining and energy sectors.
 Hydrological and hydrogeological studies.
 Evaluation and following up of surface and groundwater quality.
 Technical advice for the identifying of thermal and mineral waters.
 Researching on the biological quality of rivers and lakes.
 Detection and following up of pollutants present in water resources.
 Broadcasting of warnings and forecasts on weather conditions that can
have an impact on people's security and material assets.
 Planning, management, development and coordination of meteorological
activities of any nature at the State level.
 Writing, supplying, and broadcasting of meteorological information and
forecasts of general interest at the national level.
 Maintenance and update of the meteorological and climatological data
record.
Regional Level
Andalusian Water Agency
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
Administrative,
planning,
executive,
regulatory,
financing,
surveillance,
inspection,
evaluation,
monitoring,
permissions,
 Development, monitoring, and review of the hydrological planning and,
for the Guadalquivir River Basin, participation in the River Basin District
hydrological plan.
 Management, protection and control of all hydrologic resources as well
as the public hydraulic exploitations.
 Execution, operation and maintenance of the hydrologic works within
the autonomous community.
 Planning, organization and regulation of high level water supply and
urban waste water treatment services, as well as the prevention of
floodings or runoffs.
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penalties.
 Granting of licenses and authorizations related to the public hydraulic
domain, as well as its registration.
 Technical support for the establishment of the Junta de Andalucía water
policy.
 Development and spreading of the information on hydrologic matters.
 Collaboration in the investigation, technological development and
innovation in water related matters.
 Participation in national and international water-focused authorities.
 Management, collection, and administration of financial resources
assigned to the Agency.
 Other responsibilities legally assigned or arising from agreements.

Administrative,
executive,
surveillance,
inspection,
penalties,
pricing policy.

Administrative,
executive,
surveillance,
inspection,
penalties,
pricing policy.
 Supplying of high level water.
 Water treatment.
 Management of low level water supply, including drinking water
distribution, intermediate storage, and supply to end connections.
 Approval of rates established by the towns for providing total water
supply services.
 Management of urban waste water and rainwater treatment or
collection through the sewage system.
 Treatment of urban waste water.
 Re-usage of treated waste water, if applicable.
 Control and monitoring of waste dumps into the sewage system, and
setting of measures or programmes for reducing hazardous substances.
 Authorization of waste dumps into septic tanks and the sewage system.
 Application of penalties related to water usage within the boundaries of
it competences.
 Approval of regulations for the providing of services.
 Management of high level water supply and treatment services at the
supramunicipal level.
 Competences related to water services assigned by local entities.
 Competences related to building, improvement, and replacement of piping
and treatment infrastructures of interest to the autonomous community
assigned by the Junta de Andalucía.
 Supervision of the homogeneous application of technical regulations and
standards for providing different services.
Local Level
Town Councils
Provincial Councils or Supramunicipal Bodies
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 Suggestion of programmes and development of projects related to
supramunicipal management systems which must be approved by the
relevant Department in charge of water subjects.
* Legislative, regulatory, financing, surveillance, inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, pricing policy, studies, investigation,
administrative, executive.
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3. Water Legal Framework – Water Framework Directive (WFD) and
Groundwater Directive (GWD)
DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC – WFD
REGULATION NAME: Royal Decree-Law 1/2001, issued on the 20th of July, which approves the rewritten text of the Water Law, modified by the Royal DecreeLaw 4/2007, issued on the 13th of April.
REGULATION TYPE: Royal Decree-Law
LEVEL: National
REGULATION NAME: Royal Decree 606/2003, issued on the 23rd of May, which modifies the Royal Decree 849/1986, issued on the 11th of April, which
approved the Public Hydraulic Domain Regulation.
REGULATION TYPE: Royal Decree
LEVEL: National
REGULATION NAME: Law 62/2003, issued on the 30th of December, which modifies the Water Law and the National Hydrological Plan Law.
REGULATION TYPE: Law
LEVEL: National
REGULATION NAME: Royal Decree 907/2007, issued the 6th of July, which approves the Hydrological Plan Regulation.
REGULATION TYPE: Royal Decree
LEVEL: National
DIRECTIVE 2006/118/EC – GWD
REGULATION NAME: Royal Decree 1514/2009, issued the 2nd of October, which regulates groundwater protection against contamination and degradation.
REGULATION TYPE: Royal Decree
LEVEL: National
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4. WFD and GWD Application Analysis
RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLANS
List and describe the management plans of the river basin districts which have been published (if any) in the State and Region according to paragraph 13 of the
WFD.
Non Applicable
River Basin Districts
(naming)
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Classification
(transnational,
national,
regional, others)
Area
(km2)
Percentage of
soil usage
(forests,
crops, urban
areas,
pastures)
Estuaries (sea and gulf names)
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5. Water Status Analysis -1WATER BODIES IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
Water bodies identification and classification (within the river basin):
RIVER BASIN DISTRICT: Guadalquivir
WATER BODIES TYPE
No. of Identified Water Bodies
Classification
Classification
(excellent, good, or moderate
state)*
(in danger or not achieving the Directive's
objectives)
SURFACE WATERS:
RIVERS:
273
40 percent of water masses in good
state
Non classified
60 percent of water masses in
moderate, poor, or bad state
LAKES:
4
TRANSITIONAL WATERS:
3
COASTAL WATERS:
75 percent with a high level of
preservation
10
GROUNDWATER:
58
PROTECTED AREAS:
19 protected wetlands (10 RAMSAR
wetlands), 4 biosphere reserves, 100 sites
of Community importance (SCIs), 40
special protection areas (SPAs)
*Indicate quality level in percentage for each water mass.
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6. Water Status Analysis-2PRESSURES AND IMPACTS ANALYSIS
List and describe pressures, impacts, and indicators included in the pressures and impacts analysis for the following water resources (the whole river basin
district):
RIVER BASIN DISTRICT: Guadalquivir
WATER BODIES TYPE
PRESSURES*
IMPACTS*
Indicative parameters**
SURFACE WATERS:
RIVERS:
LAKES:
- Point sources:
Urban waste dumps, industrial waste dumps,
hazardous and dangerous waste dumping sites,
urban dumping sites, and industrial dumping
sites
SR (Safe Risk): 5,5%.
RUS (Risk Under Study): 22,8%
- Non-point sources:
Unirrigated agriculture, irrigated agriculture,
livestock, airports, transportation routes,
contaminated soils, scattered urban areas,
mining areas, recreational areas, prairies, and
petrol stations
SR: 4,3%. RUS: 33,5%.
- Collections:
Extraction exceeding 40 percent of annual mean
flow
SR: 0,3%. RUS: 7,4%.
- Regulation:
Masses in which at least one point has a RR
(Regulation Rate) over 40 percent
SR: 3,7%. RUS: 17,2%.
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Confirmed impact:
- Does not achieve a good chemical
state:
3,4%.
- Protected area: inadequate quality of
usage: 9,5%.
Probable impact:
- Ecological state: possible degradation
regarding natural conditions 57,8%.
- Hazardous substances [] > EQS
- Pre-potable area of low quality
- Non approved swimming area
- Fish area which doesn't comply
with the assigned quality
- Biological rates
- Taxonomical composition
- Algal bloom apparently
anthropogenic.
- Fish community alteration
- Oxygen deficiency [O2] < 4 mg/l
- Salinization [Cl] > 860 mg/l of Cl
- Eutrophy according to OECD
criteria
- Synthetic contaminants: [solid
suspension] > 35 mg/l; [DOB5] > 25
mg/l; [Total phosphorus] > 1 mg/l;
[Total nitrogen] > 10 mg/l
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- Morphological alterations:
Modifications in river morphology.
SR: 1,5%. RUS: 8%.
- Soil usage:
Areas affected by fire, forest exploitations, bank
usage for building or agriculture, aggregate
extraction, and other disruptive elements.
SR: 0%. RUS: 3,4%.
- Unknown:
SR: 4%. RUS: 16%.
- Chemical state: possible degradation
regarding natural conditions
3,4 %.
- Protected area: possible inadequate
quality of usage 2,8%.
Total nitrogen
- Specific synthetic and nonsynthetic contaminants (22
substances included in List II by the
Ministry of the Environment and
Rural and Marine Affairs)
- Pesticides: [Total pesticides] > 0.1
g/l; violation of applicable law; [] >
1000 ng/l of non-legislated
pesticides
Priority substances [] > proposed
EQS
- Vulnerable area with [NO3] > 25
mg/l
- Natura Network 2000. Poor water
quality
TRANSITIONAL WATERS:
Non Applicable
COASTAL WATERS:
Non Applicable
GROUNDWATER:
-
Point contamination sources: 1,72 %
Non-point contamination sources: 74,13%
Water collections: 34,48%
Artificial reload: 0 %
Saline intrusion: 0%
Confirmed impact: 53.48 percent of
groundwater masses
Probable impact: 22.41 percent of
groundwater masses
No impact: 24.11 percent of groundwater
masses
Conductivity
Nitrates
Inclusion in the groundwater
masses with salinization or
excessive exploitation problems
catalogue
Piezometric levels
PROTECTED AREAS:
Non Applicable
* Indicate pressure and impact types in percentage for each water mass.
** List used parameters.
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7. Water Status Analysis-3SETTING AND OPERATION OF WATER BODIES MONITORING PROGRAMME
Describe existing programmes and monitoring networks (of a quantitative and qualitative nature) in the whole river basin.
Surface waters
Integral Water Quality Network (ICA)
The main objectives of the Integral Water Quality Network (ICA) are to: comply with the different European directives and their transposition to national legislation about
continental surface waters and international arrangements on this subject endorsed by Spain; control the water quality objectives indicated in the hydrological plan; and act as
a tool for understanding and evaluating the river basin quality state.
The Network is divided into permanent stations with manual control points. The Network is exploited through the regular control of physicochemical and microbiological
parameters on water samples of these stations. Each station has been assigned one or more control types, including the group of parameters, regularity, matrix, etc., which
achieve some of the Network's objectives.
ICA Network stations are grouped in different networks according to the controls assigned to each of them.
•
Supply control network.
•
Maintenance and/or improvement of fish activity performance control network.
•
Pre-potable quality targets control network according to the hydrological plan.
•
Fish activity quality targets control network according to the hydrological plan.
•
Swimming areas control network
•
River basins flowing into the Doñana National Park control network
•
Eurowaternet
•
OSPAR RID programme monitoring network (in order to control contamination released in the Atlantic Ocean through the rivers)
•
Information exchange with the EU network
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•
Toxic substances control network
•
Nitrates in vulnerable areas control network
•
Eutrophy state of dams in vulnerable areas monitoring network
Automatic Water Quality Information System (SAICA)
This system analyzes and submits continuously and automatically real-time data on the water state to the relevant authorities of the river basin. This system was first used in
the Guadalquivir River Basin Confederation at the end of 1994, and nowadays it has 21 automatic alert stations. Each station includes:
•
a satellite data transmitter;
•
a turbidimeter;
•
a level meter, if applicable;
•
a conductivity, pH, and temperature analyzer;
•
a dissolved oxygen analyzer.
Specifically depending on the location of the station where the sample point to be studied is, there will be:
•
a chloride analyzer;
•
a nitrate analyzer;
•
a ammonium analyzer;
•
a total organic carbon analyzer;
•
an organic compound concentrator.
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Biological quality indicators network
The following indicators have been developed:
Physicochemical: environmental conditions affecting the biological indicators; acidification (pH), salinity (conductivity), oxygenation (O2),
thermal conditions (temperature).
Biological-macroinvertebrates: the Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party (IBMWP) score has been used for measuring the status of the aquatic invertebrate community.
Hydromorphological-riverside:
riverside forest structure (composition and richness) applying the riparian forest quality (QBR) index.
Hydromorphological-riverbed:
riverbed structure and substrate according to the river habitat index (IHF).
Foronomic network (Official flow capacity stations network)
There are 65 stations along the river basin. These are the different types of stations:
•
Simple scale
•
Scale and water level recorder
•
Scale with water level recorder and flow measuring trolley
•
Pipeline stretch with single dumping site
•
Multiple dumping sites
Automatic Hydrological Information System (SAIH)
The Guadalquivir river basin's Automatic Hydrological Information System allows the following targets, amongst others:
•
Automatically supply real-time information on the climatic, hydrological, and hydraulic infrastructure's state variables which are significant and determining for
managing, controlling, and operating the river basin.
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•
Control and optimize in a short term the operation of the main dams, channels, and pipelines of the river basin, meeting the demand and managing floodings and
runoffs.
•
Generate mid-range forecast on resources availability that will help optimize their assigning to the different uses (irrigation, supply, hydroelectric production,
environmental minimum requirements, etc.), both in surface resources systems as well as those jointly used with groundwater resources.
•
Generate short term forecasts on the level and flow evolutions of the river basin's rivers and automatically generate alarms, minimizing damages due to floodings and
runoffs.
Groundwater
Piezometric control networks
In 2006, the Official Piezometric Network comprised 120 points, measured on a monthly basis, 100 of which are located in the Guadalquivir river basin.
HU
Name
Piezometers
Trend
05.03
Duda-La Sagra
1
Stable
05.04
Huéscar-Puebla de don Fadrique
7
Downward with EI next to 40 percent
05.06
Orce-María-Cúllar
3
Stable
05.09
Baza-Caniles
7
Slightly downward with EI next to 30 percent
05.10
Jabalcón
1
Slightly downward
05.11
Sierra de Baza
2
Slightly downward
05.12
Guadix-Marquesado
5
Slightly downward with EI next to 60 percent
05.29
Sierra de Colomera
1
No data
05.30
Sierra Arana
3
Downward with EI next to 10 percent
05.32
Depresión de Granada
14
Downward with EI next to 40 percent
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05.33
Sierra Elvira
3
Slightly downward with EI next to 80 percent
05.66
Grajales-Pandera
2
Slightly downward
05.40
Sierra Gorda
2
Stable with hard downward flows in summer
Piezometers in the province of Granada included in the Guadalquivir river basin
Groundwater quality control network
The Guadalquivir river basin's groundwater quality control network comprises 171 control points distributed amongst the 71 groundwater masses into three subordinate
networks:
-
Pre-potability control subordinate network (54 points)
-
Agricultural nitrate contamination control subordinate network (30 points)
-
General control subordinate network (69 points)
There are also 18 shared points between subordinate networks; 16 belong to general and pre-potability control subordinate networks and 2 belong to general and nitrate
subordinate networks.
These 171 control points are thus divided: 52 springs, 48 wells, 69 test drillings, and 2 wells with galleries.
8.Analysis of the public participation activities in water management
Describe public participation water programming, planning, and managing activities related to the European Directive's targets. In particular, describe public
participation processes, participation ways, standard laws, tools and means made available to the public and other not established by the public authorities.
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Paragraph 14 of the Water Framework Directive promotes active participation by concerned parties in the directive application, in particular, making, reviewing, and updating
river basin hydrological plans.
The rewritten text of the Water Law and the Hydrological Plan Regulation include all the requirements of paragraph 14 of the WFD and sets public participation committees
and bodies of the districts.
The Regulation also defines the reach and contents of the required documents for participation and, in particular, requires in the beginning of the planning process the
production of a document named “Public Participation Project”, which explains the required reach and processes for appropriate information, query, and participation
throughout the process. This document will be publicly available, along with the other two initial documents of the process (“Query Programme, Calendar, and Forms” and
“District General Study”) for six month subject to any claims.
The main principles of public participation are the following:







Promote negotiations and mediation as strategies for making the hydrological plan.
Make a previous analysis of the concerned parties for identifying and describing each part of the participation process.
Acknowledge legality of all positions.
Provide a meeting point for all parts related to water management, emphasizing common interests and creating appropriate means to solve conflicts.
Present the conclusions reached during the process in relevant forums.
Involve all autonomous and state institutions in making the hydrological plan.
Deepen into the complementation policies between public authorities and society keeping information and respect at the maximum level.
Public participation levels
Public participation in the WFD planning process must be confirmed in three levels of increasing public implication:



Public information
Public query
Active participation
According to the WFD, the first two levels must be confirmed and the third level must be promoted.
The public information phase objectives include providing the concerned parties and society information about the planning process (steps, terms, participation possibilities,
and reach), informative campaigns with key messaging, etc... The Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs and the Guadalquivir River Basin Confederation
publish in their respective websites all produced drafts and documents about hydrological planning and a list of sites where paper documents can be consulted.
For the Guadalquivir river basin, the following documents are available:
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




Information, query, and public participation in the Guadalquivir river basin planning process
Guadalquivir River Basin District general study summary
Hydrological plan advertisement
Hydrological plan poster
Important aspects schedule brochure
The public query of the hydrological planning documents is a compulsory formal process according to the Water Framework Directive and the rewritten text of the Water Law,
developed in paragraph 74 of the Hydrological Plan Regulation. The public query must be carried out on the following documents, in six month as the minimum:





Query programme, calendar, and forms
Public participation project
River basin district general study
Provisional important aspects schedule
Hydrological plan project
Except for the last one, all the other documents have been publicly queried in Spain (term already due). The query process has been complemented with informative
documents, conferences, and workshops to promote individuals' participation. The public query results have been included in a report which belongs to the planning process.
For the Guadalquivir river basin, there have been two query stages of the following documents:
First stage:
 Query programme, calendar, and forms
 Public participation project:
Part I: Introduction; Part II: Surface Waters; Part III: Groundwater; Part IV: Economic Analysis; Part V: Appendix No. 1.
These documents have been subject to public query from the 26th of July, 2007, until the 26th of January, 2008.
Second stage:




Provisional schedule of important subjects.
Appendix A: Methodology used for selecting important aspects.
Appendix B: Important topics, records 1 to 9
Appendix C: Important topics, records 10 to 25
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

Appendix D: Other available information – Register of protected areas (RZP)
References
These documents have been subject to public query from the 31st of July, 2008, until the 31st of January, 2009. Up to September, 2010, there are no documents under public
query.
Active participation in the planning process means involvement in the decision-making process, relative to the hydrological planning, of the traditionally concerned parties as
well as of a wider representation of society, beyond legal requirements related to public query.
The river basin authority will promote the active participation of the concerned parties in the planning process.
In the Guadalquivir river basin, there have been 15 workshops and conferences on public participation.
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9. Economic analysis
(Describe economic analysis methods used in river basin management plans.)
The Guadalquivir river basin has an area of 57,527 Km2 and a population over 4.2 million people in 476 towns. According to the river basin district hydrological plan,
the renewable natural resources are 7,230 Hm3/year, while the estimated gross consumption for 2002 was 3,583 Hm3/year (49.5 percent of renewable resources),
and the estimation for 2015 is 3,788 (52.4 percent). This "gross consumption" does not include the demand which may be covered with return, recycle, and reuse
flows (these trends need a detailed analysis).
In as far as the consumption per industry, agriculture, livestock, and fishing rank in the top position (88 percent), followed by domestic and municipal consumption (10
percent) and the industry sector (2 percent). Agriculture consumes 88 percent of the resource while it generates 6.6 percent of GVA, although it accounts for
approximately 12 percent of the river basin employment. Additionally, the agricultural industry is the most important subordinate industrial sector, with 22 percent of
industrial employment and 30 percent of GVA. An area of 652,867 ha (23 percent of cultivated area) is irrigated and it is expected to increase. Olive trees are the most
widespread crops, both irrigated and un-irrigated.
We must bear in mind the new modern irrigation systems, most of which present localised irrigation. Performance increase through modernization does not result in
sufficient savings so as to compensate the increase of irrigated areas.
Total industrial activity in 2002 in the Guadalquivir River Basin District accounted for 6,876 million Euros (15 percent of GVA) with 177,000 jobs and an consumption of
86 hm3 (2 percent). The estimated industrial consumption for 2015 is 111.5 hm3 (3 percent of the total consumption and an increase of 30 percent in comparison with
2002).
Tourism pressure with 6 percent of GVA and employment is limited to 0.25 of water consumption (estimated 0.5 percent in 2015).
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% of
employment
Water
consumption
3
(hm )
% of water
consumption
GVA (10 €)
% of GVA
Employment
3
(10 )
Agriculture
and livestock
3.143.108
7%
158,6
12%
3.142
88%
Industry
6.875.527
15%
178
13%
86
2%
Tourism
3.027.890
6%
83
6%
9
0%
Other
sectors
34.293.240
72%
933
69%
346
10%
Total HD
47.339.765
100%
1.353
100%
3.583
100%
3
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10.
Pricing Policies
Complete, for each sector, all the following parameters:
1. Agriculture
Parts involved in water taxation: Andalusian Water Agency, irrigation groups.
Tax types: In most the cases, farmers pay a fee for hectares, regardless of the type of crop, and water quantity used, which is a paradox, because crops with
less water consumption have a larger cost for this resource.
In the Guadalquivir river basin, water price ranges between 0.035 and 0.045 €/m3.
Cost components: Specify parameters of water cost (for example: operation costs, depreciation, invested capital, inflation rate).
There is not a real relationship between the cost for supplying water to plots of land and the price paid by farmers, so it affects the economy negatively. For
instance, in some cases, a farmer using 10,000 litres per hectare pays the same as a farmer using 5,000 litres; it only depends on the crop area.
2. Domestic use
Parts involved in water taxation: Local entities, Water supply companies, Andalusian Water Agency
Tax types: Water price per m3 for domestic use differs depending on the town of the province and the water supply management system. In general, water
supply fees include a fixed fee according to the water meter type and a variable fee which depends on the consumed volume. Each town has set consumption
intervals and variable water prices per m3, which increase along with a larger consumption. Emasagra, water supply company of Granada, has discounts in
water prices for retired people, pensioners, people with low incomes, and large families, as long as specific requirements are met. For example: Water prices
table in the city of Granada.
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Supply
2010
Up to 8 m
8 - 16 m
3
€/m
3
0,3985
3
1,1401
3
16 - 30 m
1,6020
3
30 m
1,8980
Cost components: Specify parameters of water cost (for example: operation costs, depreciation, invested capital, inflation rate).
The target of water supply companies pricing policies is to recover service provision costs. The cost components are: Fixed fee according to the water meter
type, variable rates per m3, fees for sewage and treatment, fees for use and depletion of sewage treatment plants and occasionally levies due to
extraordinary circumstances (drought and improvement of infrastructures).
3. Industry
Parts involved in water taxation: Local entities, Water supply companies, Andalusian Water Agency
Tax types: (for example: taxes, fees, and prices)
Consumption
2010
Up to 70 m
+70 m
3
3
€/m
3
0,6397
1,0092
This table shows the example of water price for industrial use in the city of Granada.
In some towns, industries get water from the local network with water prices for urban supply. Also, some industries use their own wells.
Cost components: Specify parameters of water cost (for example: operation costs, depreciation, invested capital, inflation rate).
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
25
The target of water supply companies pricing policies is to recover service provision costs.
4. Others (for example: electricity) Parts involved in water taxation:
Tax types: (for example: taxes, fees, and prices)
Cost components: Specify parameters of water cost (for example: operation costs, depreciation, invested capital, inflation rate).
Levy on the use of water and levy on the occupation of Hydraulic Public Domain.
11.
Water management sectors analysis (lakes and rivers)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
26
ACTORS
ACTORS
Department of
Environment (CMA)
Andalusian Water Agency
(Dependent of the
Department of Environment)
Institutions suppliers of
technical support
(Universities. CEDEX).
National
Regional
Regional
Regional
Legislative, regulatory,
planning,
management,
administrative.
Planning.
Administrative
management, planning,
monitoring.
Statistics, training and
information project
management, studies
and investigation.
 Define, propose, and
execute ministry's
policies related to the
definition of
objectives and
programmes derived
from the Water
Framework Directive.
 Manage public
hydraulic domains
directly.
 Set Guadalquivir
River Basin District
geographical limits.
 Make, approve,
monitor, and review
the Guadalquivir
River Basin District
Hydrological Plan.
 Program, approve,
and execute
hydraulic works of
general interest to
the State or whose
execution affects
another
autonomous
community.
 Manage dams
located outside the
Autonomous region
of Andalusia.
 Strategically planning,
monitoring, and control of
the Andalusian Water
Agency performance.
Administrative management,
surveillance, inspection,
monitoring, statistics,
training and information
project management,
planning, permissions.
 The agency adopts the
Autonomous region of
Andalusia competences
related to waters located
entirely within the
autonomous region.
 Development, monitoring,
and review of the
hydrological planning and,
for the Guadalquivir River
Basin, participation in the
River Basin District
hydrological plan.
 Setting of criteria and
action guidelines on public
river courses and
easements and patrol
areas.
 Organization and
management of studies and
publications, and
Ministry of the
Environment and Rural
and Marine Affairs
(MAMRM)
Guadalquivir River
Basin Confederation
(Dependent of the
Ministry of MARM)
National
AREA OF
COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE
TYPES
FUNCTION
PERFORMED
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
 Investigation of
biological quality of
rivers and lakes.
 Realization of
hydrogeological
studies.
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
27
Hydrological planning
TOOLS ACTIVITIES
 Hydrological planning.
RULES AND
REGULATIONS
2000/60/UE
RD 907/2007
RD 907/2007
RD 606/2003
Annual action plan of the
Agency.
9/2010 law
collaboration in water
research with public and
private institutions and
entities; participation in
national and international
cooperation water projects.
 Management and control of
public hydraulic
exploitations and setting of
demarcation of bank
boundaries.
 Grant privileges and
permissions related to
public hydraulic domain
and easements and patrol
areas.
 Approval of control plans of
public hydraulic domain
and management of river
policing services.
 Execution plans and
Studies, research,
programmes.
training.
 Permissions.
 On-site inspections.
 Fines and penalties.
RD 606/2003
9/2010 law
Resolution, issued the 9th of
April, 2007.
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: task
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or activities completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS: Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
28
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
AIMS
DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
Prevent water degradation
and check there is water
availability for all uses.
Protect water resources and
biodiversity. Protect riverside
vegetation.
Hydrological river basin water
plans, regulation of waste
dump conditions, treatment.
TOOLS

RESPONSES
 Water management plans.
 Biodiversity management
plans.
 Water quality evaluation
and monitoring networks.
 Environmental impact
assessment.
 On-site inspections.
 Fines and penalties.

SOCIAL
Protect water quality and
quantity for present and
future generations.
Prevent risks and floodings.
Public participation
processes.
Water pricing policy.
Risks and floodings
prevention plans.

ECONOMIC
Recover water costs on
different uses.
Improvement of the
economic performance in
water usage.
 Economic analysis.
 Efficient hydrologic
infrastructures in good
state.
 Water pricing policy.

TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.



Development of public participation in the hydrological planning processes.
Existence of wide and different water quality evaluation and monitoring networks.
Acceptable quality of surface waters.
WEAKNESSES:




Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Existence of vulnerable areas in danger of potential agricultural nitrate contamination.
Strong pressure from the built-up of urban areas in the river basin.
Existence of residential waste water dumps undergoing no treatment onto surface waters (only 55% of residential waste waters are treated).
Inadequate pricing policy for the conservation of water resources.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
29



Lack of adequate indicators to estimate pressure impact over water masses: collections, regulation, morphological.
Lack of quality data about riverside vegetation.
Industrial dumps into the Hydraulic Public Domain.
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30
12.
Water management sectors analysis (groundwater)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
AREA OF COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE TYPES
FUNCTION
PERFORMED
Ministry of the Environment
and Rural and Marine Affairs
(MAMRM)
National
Legislative, regulatory, planning,
management, and monitoring.
 Setting of criteria and the
development of studies,
projects and exploitation sites,
control and preservation of
aquifers, as well as surveillance.
 Monitoring and control of the
good quality of renewable
groundwater.
 Control water register at the
functional level which is not
included in the transfer of
competences (from the State to
the Junta de Andalucía) and the
database which comprises data
from water registers, private
water catalogues, and other
registers kept in the
Guadalquivir River Basin District.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Andalusian Water
Agency (CMA)
National
Monitoring, inspection,
permissions,
authorizations,
management.
 Organization of
groundwater uses and
aquifer reloading.
 Granting of transaction
permissions for the
usage of public water
infrastructures and
water usage rights.
 Management of the
Water Register, Private
Water Catalogue, and
any other public
documents which may
exist or be created.
 Monitoring and control
of groundwater quality.
Andalusian water user groups
Regional - Local
Surveillance, inspection,
managing, privileges.
 Assistance and Consultancy in
all procedures for granting,
modifying, or terminating
groundwater usage rights.
 Controlling of extractions and
installation of water meters,
which indicate consumption,
and transmit all perceived
irregularities to the relevant
Department in charge of water
subjects, without affecting
disciplinary functions which
may be implemented by these
groups.
 Reporting to the relevant
Department in charge of water
issues about activities which
may damage water quality,
new non-authorized collection
location drilling, or non-
Institutions suppliers of technical
support (Instituto Geológico y
Minero de España, IGME)
Regional
Monitoring, statistics, training and
information project management,
studies, investigation.
 Studies on the contamination of
groundwater aquifers.
 Hydrogeological studies on
groundwater aquifers.
 Publications.
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
31
TOOLS - ACTIVITIES
Environmental
evaluation
studies.
Environmental
On-site inspections.
evaluation studies.
Water quality analysis.
On-site inspections.
Authorizations.
authorized modifications.
 Defending of proper
exploitations against third
parties.
 Promotion of rationalization
mechanisms for water usage,
like water usage rights
reassignments, irrigation
improvement, etc., amongst
different types of users.
 Participation in the relevant
Departments in charge of
water matters in the
Consejería.
 Implement poor state water
masses recovery programmes.
 Arrangements between user
groups and the relevant
Department in charge of water
matters in the Consejería.
 Publications.
 Scientific articles.
 Educational actions.
Water quality analysis.
RULES AND
REGULATIONS
2000/60/UE
Royal Decree-Law 1/2001
Penalties.
9/2010 law
Royal Decree-Law 1/2001
9/2010 law
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: tasks
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
32
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
DEVELOPMENT
Check there is good quantity
and quality groundwater
available.
AIMS
River basin hydrological
plans.
Measure programmes.
Economic analysis.
TOOLS
ENVIRONMENTAL
Prevent contamination and
excessive exploitation of
groundwater aquifers.
 Water management plans.
 Measure programme.
 Groundwater quality
evaluation and monitoring
networks.
 Environmental impact
assessment.
 Fines and penalties.
 On-site inspections.

RESPONSE

SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
Improve groundwater
quality.
Keep groundwater quality
and economic performance.
Public participation
processes.
Water pricing policy.
Groundwater quality
monitoring programmes.
 Economic analysis of water
uses by sector.
 Water pricing policy.
 Quality monitoring
programmes.
 Setting of user groups.


TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.

Existence of tools for evaluating and monitoring groundwater quality.
WEAKNESSES:






Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
More than half of groundwater masses show a confirmed impact.
Significant contamination by non-point sources in groundwater masses.
Excessive exploitation of groundwater aquifers and existence of nitrate contamination.
Aquifer salinization problems.
Illegal wells.
Lack of adequate indicators to estimate pressure impact over water masses: collections, regulation, morphological.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
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13.
Water management sectors analysis (coastal and transitional waters)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
AREA OF COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE TYPES
FUNCTION
PERFORMED
Ministry of the Environment and Rural
and Marine Affairs
National
Legislative, regulatory, surveillance and
inspection, planning.
 Guarding and patrolling of the public
marine-earth domain and its
easements, and monitoring of the
compliance of terms of privileges and
permissions granted in force.
 Production and approval of
regulations on waste disposal, human
health and safety and lifesaving in
public swimming areas.
 Drafting of measurements and flow
capacity tables, marine hydraulics
studies and information on marine
climate.
Water management plans.
Coastal management strategies.
On-site inspections.
Andalusian Water Agency (CMA)
Town Councils
Regional
Planning, legislative, regulatory,
surveillance and inspection.
 Establishment of objectives for
protecting continental surface waters,
transitional waters, coastal waters and
groundwaters within the Autonomous
region of Andalusia.
 Establishment of protective laws on
public hydraulic domain, related areas
and wetlands.
 Waste water dump authorizations.
Local
Executive, regulatory.
 Reporting on public marine-earth
environment demarcation of
boundaries.
 Reporting on booking requests,
assignments, authorizations and
grantings regarding the occupation
and exploitation of public marineearth domain.
 Keeping beaches and public
swimming areas in due conditions of
cleanliness, health and security, and
keep surveillance of norms and
regulations established by State laws
on human safety and lifesaving.
On-site inspections.
TOOLS - ACTIVITIES
RULES AND
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
2000/60/UE
22/88 law
22/88 law
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
34
REGULATIONS
22/88 law
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: tasks
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
AIMS
TOOLS
RESPONSE
DEVELOPMENT
Reduce contamination of
coastal and transitional
waters.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
Preserve coastal ecosystems.
Use quality coastal water in
several social activities.
Protect coastal waters for
touristic and fishing activities.
 Water management plans.
 Regulations for the
protection of natural areas.
 Water management plans.  Development plans on
 Regulations for the
natural resources.
protection of natural areas.  Management and usage
 Regulations on urban and
plans in protected natural
industrial waste water.
areas.
 Fines and penalties.
 Environmental impact
assessment.
 Water management plans.
 Water quality assessment
and monitoring plans.



 Water quality assessment
and monitoring plans.
 Fishing regulations.

TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.



Acceptable quality of coastal waters.
Less sensitive environment (sea) when faced by the impact caused by waste dumps.
Existence of protection plans for some of the coastal natural areas.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
35
WEAKNESSES:




Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Non-treated waste water dumps.
Existence of contamination episodes of the coastal water due to oil spills.
High pressure due to urban development in coastal areas.
Less capacity of the Mediterranean sea to auto-treat its water (due to its characteristics) in comparison to other more open and dynamic seas.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
36
14.
Water management sectors analysis (protection areas)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
AREA OF COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE TYPES
Ministry of the
Environment and Rural and
Marine Affairs
National
Regulatory, surveillance
and inspection, planning.
Guadalquivir River Basin
Confederation (MARM)
National
Regulatory, declaratory.
 Declaration of protected
areas must be in accordance
with European specific
regulations.
FUNCTION PERFORMED
Registration of the
protected areas, including
those areas in the
Guadalquivir River Basin
District with a special
protection status according
to specific laws.
TOOLS - ACTIVITIES
Register of protected areas
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Declaration of protected
Department of Environment
Andalusian Water Agency
(CMA)
Regional
Legislative, regulatory,
administrative management.
 The management of the
Protected Natural Areas
Network and of the Natura
2000 Networking Programme
by the Autonomous region and
the guaranteeing of
consistency in the activities
taking place at its regional
level.
 The proposal of declaration of
protected natural areas.
 The development and
monitoring of the Sustainable
Development Plans of the
protected natural areas and
their area of influence so as to
combine the economic
activities with the preservation
of the natural resources.
Regional
Surveillance, inspection,
monitoring, statistics, register.
 Provide protected areas
registry data.
 Establish ecological status of
protected areas.
Declaration of natural protected
Register of protected areas.
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
37
areas.
RULES AND
REGULATIONS
2000/60/UE
2000/60/UE
areas.
Regulations for the natural
protected areas.
9/2007 law, 2/1989 law,
42/2007 law
Surveillance and inspection.
2000/60/UE
RDL 1/2001
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
AIMS
TOOLS
RESPONSE
DEVELOPMENT
Preservation of protected
areas
Management and
preservation of surface
waters and groundwaters
programmes.
On-site inspections.
ENVIRONMENTAL
Obtain good quality water of
protected areas
SOCIAL
Improve water quality
standards
ECONOMIC
Cost-effective area
protection
Management and
preservation of surface
waters and groundwaters
programmes.
On-site inspections.
Management and
preservation of surface
waters and groundwaters
programmes.
On-site inspections.
Management and
preservation of surface
waters and groundwaters
programmes.
On-site inspections.




TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.




Acceptable quality of consumption waters.
Several water collecting locations for human consumption, both surface waters and groundwaters.
Several swimming protected areas.
Wide areas protected by the Natura 2000 Network (LIC and ZEPA).
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
38
WEAKNESSES:




Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Sensitive areas for urban waste water treatment.
Areas in danger of potential agricultural nitrate contamination.
Specific episodes of severe contamination of waters for human consumption.
Large quantities of water collection for human consumption without the appropriate protection.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
39
15.
Water management sectors analysis (thermal and mineral waters)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
Ministry of Industry
AREA OF
COMPETENCE
National
Legislative, regulatory
COMPETENCE TYPES
FUNCTION
PERFORMED
Setting of the foundations
for the mining and energy
sectors.
TOOLS - ACTIVITIES
RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Law, declarations
54/1980 law
Economy, Innovation and
Science Department
Regional
Andalusian Water Agency
Regional
Administrative, monitoring, Authorizations.
surveillance and inspection,
statistics, studies, research.
 Planning, promotion,
 Granting of licenses and
regulation and
authorizations related to the
management of thermal
public hydraulic domain, as
and mineral waters.
well as its registration.
Declarations, permissions,
Permissions, authorizations on
privileges
the use of water.
D 176/2009
L 5/1995
Institutions suppliers of technical
support (Instituto Geominero)
National
Evaluation and monitoring, studies,
research, training and reporting
projects.
 Studies and research.
 Technical advice for the identifying of
thermal and mineral waters.
Studies, analysis.
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
40
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
DEVELOPMENT
AIMS
Manage thermal and mineral
waters globally.
TOOLS
Thermal and mineral waters
management plan.
ENVIRONMENTAL
Protect thermal and mineral
waters against contamination
and excessive exploitation
Privileges, permissions.
Quality follow-up research.
Environment impact
assessment
SOCIAL
Obtain social benefits related
to thermal and mineral
waters proper exploitation
ECONOMIC
Execute a sustainable and
profitable exploitation of
thermal and mineral waters.
Exploitations conditions of
privileges and permissions.
Exploitation and viability
studies, privileges




RESPONSE
TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.


Availability of thermal and mineral waters in the river basin.
Good quality of thermal and mineral waters.
WEAKNESSES:
Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.

WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
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Phase 3.1
41
16.
Water management sectors analysis (drainage and rainwater
management)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
AREA OF COMPETENCE
Meteorological State Agency
Andalusian Water Agency
National
Planning, research.
Regional
Surveillance and
inspection, planning,
financing
 Prevent floodings.
 Management, protection
and control of all
hydrologic resources as
well as the public
hydraulic exploitations.
 Execution, operation and
maintenance of the
hydrologic works within
the autonomous
community.
COMPETENCE TYPES
FUNCTION
PERFORMED
TOOLS - ACTIVITIES
 Broadcasting of warnings
and forecasts on weather
conditions that can have an
impact on people's security
and material assets.
 Planning, management,
development and
coordination of
meteorological activities of
any nature at the State level.
 Forecast studies.
 Research support.
 Information and reporting.
RULES AND
REGULATIONS
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
2007/60/EC
Studies.
Preservation and hydraulic
works follow-up
Maintenance works.
9/2010 law, RD 903/2010,
2007/60/EC
Consejería de Obras Públicas y
Vivienda (Department of
Public Works)
Regional
Town Councils
Local
Surveillance and inspection,
financing, maintenance.
 The development and
 Build, maintain, surveillance,
monitoring of infrastructure
improve... drainage systems.
plans, according to regional
planning, and the
coordination of sectorial
plans drafted by other
directive centres belonging
to the Consejería de Obras
Públicas y Transportes
(Department of Public Works
and Transport)
Regional regulatory plans
Drainage systems.
Maintenance and inspection.
Pricing policy
7/1985 law
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
42
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
DEVELOPMENT
AIMS
TOOLS
RESPONSE
Arrange efficient systems of
rainwater collection in order
to avoid floodings.
Water management plans
studies of hydraulic works
Agriculture conservation
plans.

ENVIRONMENTAL
Preserve cover and riverside
vegetation to increase water
infiltration and avoid surface
runoffs.
Agriculture conservation
plans.
Riverside management plans.
Flooding and runoffs
prevention plan for
Andalusian urban river banks.

SOCIAL
Avoid natural disasters
related to rainwater.
Promote rainwater
exploitation.
ECONOMIC
Reduction of the costs for
prevention of floodings and
runoffs.
Drainage systems and
hydraulics works.
Flooding and runoffs
prevention plan for
Andalusian urban river banks.
Natural risks prevention
global plans.


TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.




Good forecasts of Meteorological state agency.
Promotion plans of conservative agriculture.
Actions for the prevention of floodings in Andalusia prior to the Regulations: Study of high risk areas, Flooding prevention plans for Andalusian urban
river banks, limitations in the use of areas in risk of potential floodings and runoffs.
In general, existence of good drainage networks in towns.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
43
WEAKNESSES:





Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Loss of cover vegetation increasing surface runoffs and erosion.
Urban exploitation of flood areas.
Degradation of riverside vegetation.
Loss of rainwater collection traditional infrastructure.
Poor awareness and lack of preventive measures of flooding and runoff risks.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
44
17.
Water management sectors analysis (irrigation, agricultural usage)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
AREA OF
COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE
TYPES
FUNCTION
PERFORMED
Ministry of the Environment and
Rural and Marine Affairs.
National
Legislative, regulatory, surveillance
and inspection, planning, financing
 Grant, check and cancel water
permissions responsibility of the
ministry; coordinate the
establishing and maintenance of
Water and Waste Dump Registers
within the River Basin District
authorities.
 Research and lay down economic
and finance use of public hydraulic
environment criteria.
 Coordination, implementation,
modernization and monitoring of
the irrigation plans and other
plans for improving
infrastructures, as well as, plans,
emergency actions, damages due
to disasters and irrigation of areas
of general interest to the Country.
 Environmental and economic
research of irrigation water
consumption and operative
relation with infrastructure state
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Andalusian Water Agency
Regional
Agricultural and Fishing
Department
Regional
Administrative, authorization,
Programmes, execution.
permission, rating
 Grant privileges and
 Manage, coordinate and
permissions related to public
execute rural infrastructure
hydraulic domain and
plans, stressing the rebuilding,
easements and patrol areas.
updating and remodelling
 Granting of transaction
irrigation works for an
permissions for the usage of
efficient water usage.
public water infrastructures
and water usage rights.
 Approve users communities
rules and bylaws.
 Analysis and evaluation of
costs recovery principles
applied to attain the
objectives set by the Water
Framework Directive.
 Analyze and follow-up
irrigation water quality.
Users communities
Local
Management
 Promote self-management of
irrigation water supply amongst
farmers in an efficient and
equitable manner.
 Arrange collective exploitation
of public, surface waters and
groundwaters.
 Water management costs
recovery.
 Fix infrastructure damages.
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
45
authorities.
Hydrological Plans.
Permissions and privileges
TOOLS ACTIVITIES
RULES AND
REGULATIONS
RDL 1/2001
RD 432/2008
Hydrological Plans.
Water management plans.
D 176/2009
Rural infrastructure
programmes.
Rural development plans.
D 172/2009
L 9/2010
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
AIMS
TOOLS
RESPONSE
DEVELOPMENT
Distribute equitably water
resources avoiding its
excessive exploitation.
 Irrigation plans for a
sustainable water
management.

ENVIRONMENTAL
Protect water resources
against contamination and
excessive exploitation
 Irrigation plans for a
sustainable water
management.
 On-site inspections.
 Environmental impact
assessment.

SOCIAL
Provide equitable access to
water resources.
ECONOMIC
Establish irrigation water
taxes to promote a
sustainable usage.
Water usage permissions.
Water management plans.
Taxes and rates.


TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.



Increment of the irrigation efficiency through the installation and use of new techniques for trickle irrigation systems.
Establish conditions in common agricultural policy benefits.
Water Bank.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
46
WEAKNESSES:






Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Inappropriate price policy for agricultural water usage.
Illegal wells.
Contamination of surface waters and groundwaters for agricultural nitrates.
Non-point contamination of waters resources by agricultural chemical protection products.
Poor farmers awareness for best agricultural practices.
80 % of the water consumption in Spain is for irrigation.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
47
18.
Water management sectors analysis (water for industrial use and energy
production)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
Ministry of the Environment
and Rural and Marine Affairs.
Ministry of Industry,
Tourism and Commerce
Andalusian Energy
Agency
AREA OF
COMPETENCE
National
National
Regional
COMPETENCE
TYPES
Inspection, permissions,
legislative.
FUNCTION
PERFORMED
 Inspection and control of the
security of hydrological
infrastructures; keep and
update the Spanish dam
inventory, and promote
technical recommendations,
manuals, or best practices in
regards to planning security,
building, exploitation and
maintenance of the dams.
 Grant, check and cancel water
and spills permissions
responsibility of the ministry;
coordinate the establishing
and maintenance of Water
ACTORS
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Planning, regulation.
Executive
 Develop regional
policies destined to
 Regulate the energy
optimize, in terms of
industry globally.
energy, economy and
 Develop initiatives,
environment, the
regulations and followsupply of energy in
up State competencies
the Autonomous
in renewable sources
region of Andalusia.
of energy.
 Promote the use of
renewable sources of
energy.
Department of
Environment
Regional
Legislative,
regulatory,
management,
administrative.
 Integrated
environmental
authorization
according to the
Directive IPCC
96/61.
Andalusian Water Agency
Regional
 Management,
protection and control
of all hydrologic
resources as well as the
public hydraulic
exploitations.
 Grant privileges and
permissions related to
public hydraulic domain
and easements and
patrol areas.
 Granting of transaction
permissions for the
usage of public water
infrastructures and
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
48
and Waste Dump Registers
within the River Basin District
authorities.
TOOLS - ACTIVITIES
RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Permissions.
Inspection and control.
water usage rights.
National Energy Plan.
RD 432/2008
Andalusian Energy Plan.
L 4/2003
Integrated
environmental
authorization
96/61/EC 16/2002
law
Permissions and
privileges.
D 176/2009
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
DEVELOPMENT
AIMS
Guarantee enough water
resources for industrial and
energy use.
ENVIRONMENTAL
Promote industrial waste
water treatment to avoid
contamination of surface
waters and groundwaters.
Prevent excessive
exploitation of water
resources for industrial use.
TOOLS
Promotion plans of
renewable sources of energy.
Water management plans.
Promotion plans of
renewable sources of energy.
Approve laws on water
treatment and industrial
waste.
RESPONSE


WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
Promote local employment
creation. Prevent
environmental contamination
due to industrial or
infrastructure waste.
Improve the profitability of
industrial and energy water
use.
Promotion plans of
renewable sources of energy.
Approve laws on water
treatment and industrial
waste.
Promotion plans of
renewable sources of energy.


Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
49
TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.


Promotion plans of renewable sources of energy.
Existence of the Integrated environmental authorization that encompasses, amongst other actions, the waste water dumps to inland waters or the sea.
WEAKNESSES:


Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Hazardous substances in Public Hydraulic Domain due to industrial waste water.
Lack of specific legislation on industrial waste water treatment.
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Water Management Analysis
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50
19.
Water management sectors analysis (aquaculture and fishing)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
Ministry of the Environment
and Rural and Marine
Affairs.
Agricultural and Fishing
Department.
Consejería de Medio
Ambiente (Department
of Environment).
Andalusian Water
Agency
Agricultural and Fishing
Training and Research
Institute.
National
Regional
Regional
Regional
Regional
AREA OF
COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE
TYPES
FUNCTION
PERFORMED
Legislative, regulatory,
surveillance and inspection,
planning.
Legislative, regulatory,
surveillance and
inspection,
authorizations.
 Manage the fishing
industry within the
national fishing ground.
 Regulate the
 Participate in setting
Andalusian shellfish
strategies, guidelines and
and fishing fleet within
programmes to preserve
the Andalusian fishing
biological, energy and
ground.
marine ecosystems
 Check and control
diversity.
aquaculture, shellfish
 Check, guard and control
and fishing activity in
fishing activities and
the above fishing
coordinate related
grounds.
regional services.
 Plan, develop and
 Promote innovations in
renew the fishing
the fishing and
industry and
aquacultural industry.
aquacultural farms;
 Set strategies, guidelines
permissions.
and programmes to
preserve biological, energy
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Legislative, regulatory,
authorizing.
 Regulation,
conservation,
protection and
monitoring of the
continental fish and
game species and the
support of its
sustainable use, both in
public and private
domains.
 Authorization of
continental fishing and
hunting licenses.
 Continental fishing
regulations.
Training, research, studies,
statistics
 Management,
protection and
control of all
hydrologic resources
as well as the public
hydraulic
exploitations.
 Grant privileges and
permissions related
to public hydraulic
domain and
easements and
patrol areas.
 Research and experiment.
 Apply farming technologies
to production.
 Study marine ecosystems.
 Develop environmental
restocking techniques.
 Courses, publications, laws.
 Reporting.
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
51
and marine ecosystems
and species diversity
included in the List of
National Threatened
Species.
Fishing and aquaculture
plans.
Biodiversity protection
plans.
TOOLS ACTIVITIES
RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Fishing and aquaculture
plans.
Authorizations.
RD 432/2008
D 172/2009
Fishing and hunting
guides.
Fishing License.
Game and closed
seasons.
Authorizations and
privileges.
9/2007 law
D 176/2009
Research, experiment,
courses, conferences.
D 172/2009
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
AIMS
Maintain and develop the
fishing and aquacultural
industry.
Protect marine ecosystems,
prevent overfishing.
SOCIAL
Improve fishermen living
conditions. Improve
employment conditions in
the industry.
ECONOMIC
TOOLS
Water management plans.
Fishing and aquaculture plans
Water management plans.
Fishing and aquaculture
plans.
Biodiversity protection plan.
Fishing and aquaculture plans
Fishing and aquaculture plans
RESPONSE




Improve profitability and y
sustainability of the fishing
and aquacultural industry.
TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
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The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
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STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.

Aquacultural and fish farming exploitations in the area.
WEAKNESSES:


Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Exhaustion of natural fishing banks.
Existence of invasive exotic species.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
53
20.
Water management sectors analysis (water quality control)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
AREA OF
COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE
TYPES
FUNCTION
PERFORMED
Ministry of the
Environment and
Rural and Marine
Affairs.
National
Legislative, regulatory,
surveillance and
inspection, planning,
statistics.
 Supervision,
monitoring and
control of the
continental water
quality levels and
activities which may
contaminate or
degrade the public
hydraulic domain;
promote water
treatment activities
to improve or, if
applicable, eliminate
contamination in
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Ministry of Health, Social
Policy and Equality
National
Health and
Consumers
Department
Regional
Inspection, surveillance
permissions, regulatory.
Inspection,
surveillance
permissions,
regulatory.
 Coordination of the
National Information
System on Water for
Human Consumption
(SINAC).
 Development of health
reports,
recommendations and
health guides on
subjects related to
drinking water.
 Management of
queries and
consultancy to
 Analyzing of the
supervision of
water quality
when and where
deemed
appropriate.
 Management of
the National
Information
System on Water
for Human
Consumption
(SINAC).
 Control of
Andalusian Water
Agency
Town Councils
National
Local
Surveillance and
inspection.
Administrative,
surveillance and
inspection,
planning, control,
monitoring,
statistics.
 Quality control of water Control and
resources.
maintain water
 Guard and patrol the
quality for human
Public Hydraulic
supply.
Domain.
 Establish protective
rules on the Public
Hydraulic Domain.
Non-profit
organizations
Local
Participation
Development
of surface
water quality
collaborative
evaluation
projects
(Proyecto
Andarrios).
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
54
continental waters;
promote measures to
enable the re-use of
treated waters and,
in general, of all
measures destined to
favour water saving
and the development
of plans and
programmes related
to these subjects, in
particular, the
monitoring and
follow up of the
implementation of
the National Water
Quality Plan.
TOOLS ACTIVITIES
RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Water Quality National
Plan.
RD 432/2008
autonomous
swimming areas
communities, town
and swimming
councils, companies,
pools.
associations on this
 Control of water
sector, and citizens in
treatments, regeneral.
usage of treated
 Regulation of health
waste waters.
aspects related to:
Products used for
water treatment,
desalination, and reuse
of waste water.
Sanitary controls.
Water analysis.
Water Quality National
Plan.
RD 204/2010
Controls.
Water analysis.
Treatment
Potabilization.
D 176/2009
RD 140/2003
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
55
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
DEVELOPMENT
AIMS
Provide quality water for
several uses.
TOOLS
Water quality plans.
Follow-up, analysis.
RESPONSE

ENVIRONMENTAL
Prevent contamination and
excessive exploitation of
water resources.
Permissions.
Follow-up, analysis.
Water quality plans.
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
Guarantee water quality for
human consumption.
Avoid water contamination
to reduce treatment costs.
Analysis, follow-up.
Water quality plans.
Analysis, follow-up.
Water quality plans.



TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.



Water ready for human consumption in all locations (in theory.....).
Strict water quality controls for human consumption.
Monitoring networks and surface and groundwaters controls.
WEAKNESSES:

Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Due to the lack of means these demands are not met in small towns.
21.
Water management sectors analysis (water balance and meteorological
data)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Meteorological State Agency
Guadalquivir River Basin
Confederation.
Andalusian Water Agency.
Institutions
suppliers of
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
56
AREA OF COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE TYPES
FUNCTION PERFORMED
TOOLS - ACTIVITIES
RULES AND REGULATIONS
National
Planning, statistics, research,
studies
National
Planning, follow-up, statistics.
 Writing, supplying, and
 Produce annually hydrological
broadcasting of meteorological
reports.
information and forecasts of
 Register hydrological and
general interest at the national
meteorological data.
level.
 Maintenance and update of the
meteorological and
climatological data record.
Register hydrological,
meteorological and climatological
data record.
Research, forecasts.
2000/60/UE
Regional
Follow-up and inspection.
Studies.
 Collect and publish
hydrological data, water
balance.
 Hydrological resources
information systems.
Hydrological resources
information systems.
technical support
(Universities).
Local
Studies, research,
training and
information.
 Water balance
studies and
research.
studies, research.
D 176/2009
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
AIMS
TOOLS
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
DEVELOPMENT
Distribute equitably water
resources among several
usages.
Water economics research.
Evaluate and follow-up water
ENVIRONMENTAL
Protect water resources
against contamination and
excessive exploitation.
 Meteorological
information.
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
Provide enough water for
social activities.
Provide water to affordable
prices for different purposes.
 Water balance research.
 Follow-up and evaluate
Economic analysis.
Pricing policy.
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
57
RESPONSE
stocks.
Meteorological forecasts.
 Water management plans.
 Evaluate and follow-up
water stocks.


water balance.


TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.




Availability of plenty of hydrological and meteorological data.
Produce meteorological forecasts.
Follow-up water stocks.
Great capacity of inter-annual regulation due to the existence of many reservoirs.
WEAKNESSES:


Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Temporary droughts.
Excessive exploitation of water resources.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
58
22.
Water management sectors analysis (surveillance and control politics)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
AREA OF COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE TYPES
FUNCTION PERFORMED
TOOLS - ACTIVITIES
RULES AND REGULATIONS
Ministry of the Environment
Andalusian Water Agency
and Rural and Marine Affairs.
National
Regional
Legislative, regulatory,
Surveillance, inspection, follow-up,
surveillance and inspection,
regulation.
planning, financing.
 Check and security control of
 Approval of control plans of public
hydraulic infrastructures.
hydraulic domain and management
of river policing services.
 Guard and patrol the permissions
and privileges granted and hydraulic
works and facilities.
Surveillance works.
Inspections.
Inspections.
Regulations
Regulations
RD 432/2008
D 176/2009
Ministry of Health, Social Policy and
Equality
National
Surveillance and inspection.
 Control water quality for human
consumption when and where
deemed appropriate.
On-site inspections.
Water quality regulations.
Water Quality National Plan.
RD 204/2010
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
59
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
AIMS
DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
Set water resources
management and
preservation national plans.
Protect aquatic ecosystems
TOOLS
Management plans, laws,
regulations, banning.
RESPONSE

SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
Guarantee water resources
quality and quantity to cover
people's needs.
Develop cost-effective
administrative controls.
Management plans, laws,
regulations, banning.
Biodiversity management
plans.
Law, regulations, banning.
Law, regulations.



TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.

Guard and patrol the Public Hydraulic Domain by the Andalusian Water Agency.
WEAKNESSES:

Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Difficulties to cover the whole area and detect threats on water resources.
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
Water Management Analysis
Phase 3.1
60
23.
Water management sectors analysis (drillings, hydroelectric energy
production, surface water usages, permissions and control)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs.
Andalusian Water Agency
Legislative, regulatory, planning.
Planning, regulation, legislative, surveillance, inspection
permissions.
Regional
AREA OF COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE TYPES
FUNCTION PERFORMED
National
 Produce, oversee and control exploitation research,
projects and works, control and preserve public hydraulic
domain and hydraulic infrastructures.
 Inspection and control of the security of hydrological
infrastructures; keep and update the Spanish dam
inventory, and promote technical recommendations,
manuals, or best practices in regards to planning security,
building, exploitation and maintenance of the dams.
 Checking, monitoring and controlling inland waters
quality and the activities that could potentially
contaminate or degrade public hydraulic domain.
 Grant, check and cancel water and spills permissions
responsibility of the ministry; coordinate the establishing
and maintenance of Water and Waste Dump Registers
within the River Basin District authorities.
TOOLS - ACTIVITIES
studies, projects, inventories.
RULES AND REGULATIONS
RD 432/2008
WATERinCORE
The MED Programme 2007-2013
 Management, protection and control of all hydrologic resources
as well as the public hydraulic exploitations.
 Execution, operation and maintenance of the hydrologic works
within the autonomous community.
 Granting of licenses and authorizations related to the public
hydraulic domain, as well as its registration.
 Setting of criteria and action guidelines on public river courses
and easements and patrol areas.
 Coordinate exploitation and maintenance programmes and
preserve hydraulic facilities.
 Preserve hydraulic facilities which make up the Andalusian
historical heritage.
 Granting of transaction permissions for the usage of public water
infrastructures and water usage rights.
Authorizations and privileges.
Surveillance.
D 176/2009
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ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
DEVELOPMENT
Plan water usages in order to
guarantee availability to all
industries.
AIMS
Planning, public participation
processes.
Permissions, privileges.
TOOLS

RESPONSE
ENVIRONMENTAL
Guarantee river ecological
flow and avoid excessive
exploitation of water
resources.
River basin hydrological
plans.
Biodiversity plans.

SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
Guarantee water availability
for social activities.
Guarantee water availability
to all industries improving its
profitability.
Water usage permissions.
Hydrological planning.

Water usage permissions.
Hydrological planning.
Economic analysis.

TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.

Improvement in the regulation of collection systems.
WEAKNESSES:

Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Existence of illegal wells.
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24.
Water infrastructures (water supply, water treatment, water supply
urban networks, water services management companies)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
AREA OF
COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE TYPES
FUNCTION
PERFORMED
Ministry of the
Environment and Rural
and Marine Affairs
National
Andalusian Water
Agency
Regional
Control and
Planning, regulation,
surveillance, planning, surveillance, inspection
legislative.
permissions.
 Setting of criteria and
 Planning, organization
the development of
and regulation of
studies, projects and
high level water
exploitation sites,
supply.
control and
 Granting of licenses
preservation of
and authorizations
aquifers, as well as
related to the public
surveillance.
hydraulic domain, as
well as its registration.
 Analysis and
evaluation of costs
recovery principles
applied to attain the
objectives set by the
Water Framework
Directive.
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Town Councils
Provincial Councils and
supramunicipal bodies
Local
Local
Regulation, executive,
pricing policy, permissions,
fines.
 Water supply at the
residential.
 Supplying of high level
water.
 Water treatment.
 Transport through main
arteries.
 Storage in centres of
population parent
deposits.
 Management of low level
water supply, including
drinking water
distribution, intermediate
storage, and supply to
end connections.
 Approval of rates
established by the towns
Regulation, executive,
pricing policy, permissions,
fines.
 Manage high level water
supply services at
supramunicipal level.
 Competences related to
water services assigned by
local entities.
 Competences related to
building, improvement,
and replacement of piping
infrastructures of interest
to the autonomous
community assigned by
the Junta de Andalucía.
 Supervision of the
homogeneous application
of technical regulations
and standards for
providing different
Institutions suppliers
of technical support
(ASA, AEAS, CEDEX)
National / Regional
Research, information,
statistics.
 Promoting and
development of the
scientific, technical,
administrative and
legal aspects of the
residential water
supply and
treatment services.
 Publication of the
reports on water
supply and
treatment, rates,
etc.
 Technical
workshops.
 Publication of
documents on issues
related to water
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for providing total water
supply services.
 Application of penalties
related to water usage
within the boundaries of
it competences.
 Approval of regulations
for the providing of
services.
TOOLS - ACTIVITIES
RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Studies, surveillance.
Law.
Water Quality National
Plan.
RD 432/2008
Water management
plans.
Permissions and
privileges.
D 176/2009
services.
 Suggestion of programmes
and development of
projects related to
supramunicipal
management systems
which must be approved
by the relevant
Department in charge of
water subjects.
Water supply services.
Supramunicipal water
supply services.
L 7/1985
L9/2010
supply, rates, etc.
Studies, publications,
experience sharing,
counselling.
L 9/2010
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
AIMS
Arrange good quality water
supply urban networks.
Keep the network in due
conditions to avoid water
loss and contamination.
TOOLS
Regulations.
Water Quality Plan.
RESPONSE

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Maintenance works.
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
Guarantee the quality and
quantity of water supply for
human consumption.
Set taxes to cover supply
costs.
Law.
Maintenance.
Water management plans.
Pricing policy.


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
TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.



Existence of good water supply networks in large cities.
Residential water supply in all areas of population.
Existence, at the national and regional level, of a non-profit professional association for the promotion and development of the scientific, technical,
administrative and legal aspects of the residential water supply and treatment services.
WEAKNESSES:





Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Lack of technical and economic means in small towns so as to provide efficient and high quality water services.
Lack of a supramunicipal management system.
Existence of disperse areas of population that increase water supply rates.
Insufficient water supply rates that do not cover the service costs in towns with more than two thousand inhabitants.
25.
Sewage infrastructures (sewage, waste water treatment)
The following items will be analyzed for each industry (in case of several actors, complete a column for each part).
ACTORS
ACTORS
AREA OF
COMPETENCE
COMPETENCE
Ministry of the
Environment and
Rural and Marine
Affairs.
Andalusian Water
Agency
National
Regional
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Planning, regulation.
Town Councils
Local
Provincial Councils and
supramunicipal bodies
Local
Executive, authorization, Programmes, management,
Institutions suppliers of
technical support (CENTA,
AEAS...)
National / Regional
Statistics, research, training
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TYPES
FUNCTION
PERFORMED
 Promote measures
to easily reuse
treated waters and,
in general, all
measures to favour
water saving and to
make plans and
programmes about
these subjects, in
particular, about
reviewing and
monitoring the
implementation of
the National Water
Quality Plan.
 Grant, check and
cancel water and
spills permissions
responsibility of the
ministry; coordinate
the establishing and
maintenance of
Water and Waste
Dump Registers
within the River
Basin District
authorities.
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 Plan, organize, and
regulate urban
waste water
treatment services.
penalties, regulation.
 Management of urban
waste water and
rainwater treatment
or collection through
the sewage system.
 Treat urban waste
water including
intercepting,
transporting and
spilling of effluent to
continental or marine
waters.
 Re-usage of treated
waste water, if
applicable.
 Control and
monitoring of waste
dumps into the
sewage system, and
setting of measures or
programmes for
reducing hazardous
substances.
 Authorization of waste
dumps into septic
tanks and the sewage
system.
 Application of
penalties related to
water usage within the
boundaries of it
competences.
 Approval of
regulations for the
providing of services.
executive.
 Manage supramunicipal water
treatment services.
 Competences related to water
services assigned by local
entities.
 Competences related to
building, improvement, and
replacement of treatment
infrastructures of interest to
the autonomous community
assigned by the Junta de
Andalucía.
 Supervision of the
homogeneous application of
technical regulations and
standards for providing
different services.
 Suggestion of programmes and
development of projects
related to supramunicipal
management systems which
must be approved by the
relevant Department in charge
of water subjects.
and information.
 Promoting and
development of the
scientific, technical,
administrative and legal
aspects of the residential
water supply and
treatment services.
 Publication of the reports
on water supply and
treatment, rates, etc.
 Technical workshops.
 Publication of documents
on issues related to
water supply, rates, etc.
 Research of treatment
systems for small towns.
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TOOLS ACTIVITIES
RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Permissions and
privileges.
Law.
RD 432/2008
Waste water
treatment plans.
D 176/2009
Authorizations,
penalties,
infrastructure, control
and surveillance.
L 9/2010
Authorizations, penalties,
infrastructure, control and
surveillance.
Studies, publications,
experience sharing,
counselling.
L 9/2010
ACTORS: authorities - AREA OF COMPETENCE: how authorities develop their competences – COMPETENCE TYPES: legislative, regulatory, financing,
surveillance and inspection, monitoring, statistics, training, reporting, planning, rating, research project management – FUNCTION PERFORMED: ACTIVITIES
description – TOOLS - ACTIVITIES: description of tools used or ACTIVITIES completed per authority (e.g.: plans, laboratories and tools (follow-up tools), specific
programmes, standards, guidance, limitations, etc. – RULES AND REGULATIONS:
Identification of regulations and by-laws assigned by the competences.
AIMS – RESPONSES (only for entire sector)
DEVELOPMENT
AIMS
Make urban waste water
purifying plants available to
every town.
TOOLS
Law.
Waste water treatment
plans.
RESPONSE

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ENVIRONMENTAL
Avoid contamination of
water resources due to
untreated urban waste water
spills.
Law.
Waste water treatment
plans.
Waste water dump
authorizations.
Inspections, analysis.

SOCIAL
Carry out treatment
processes causing no
inconveniences to the
population.
ECONOMIC
Set taxes to cover treatment
costs.
Participation plans.
Urban development plans.
Proper functioning of
treatment plans.
Pricing policy.
Water supply services
management plan.


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TOOLS: Tools that are applied or could be used to meet the specific objectives.
STRONG POINTS: Brief description of positive attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.


Existence, at the national and regional level, of a non-profit professional association for the promotion and development of the scientific, technical,
administrative and legal aspects of the residential water supply and treatment services.
Existence of a levy for the improvement of treatment infrastructures (Andalusian Water Law).
WEAKNESSES:



Brief description of negative non-attainable objectives with regards to European directives objectives.
Insufficient percentage of population in the province receiving residential water treatment services .
More than half of the towns in the province do not have a sewage treatment plant for residential waste water.
Existence of operational problems in some of the sewage treatment plants that do not allow proper functioning.
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26.
Good examples and successfully applied programs
Please, provide a brief description of best practices for any of the above sectors, following the pattern below: The Water management guide will include a
full description of two best practices per partner (component 1.4).
Case - study: Development and implementation of a water resources management global policy in the river basin, applying a local social consensus, based on
the principles established on Agenda 21 and DMA 2000/60/EC recommendations.
26.1 BEST PRACTICE 1: Dividing the supply network into sectors.
DISTRICT. Villanueva Mesía and others.
DESCRIPTION
Consists of installing intermediate meters throughout the supply network, beginning with the water storage tanks. The purpose of this is for each meter to
indicate the outgoing volume of water leaving the tank and reaching each of the network sectors designed.
RESULTS/OVERVIEW/BENEFITS.
Several advantages and benefits are expected:

Detection of sectors where flow loss and therefore network losses occur.

Identification and location of any thefts from the sanitation network.

Better public services, since once the network has been divided into sectors, in the case of breakdowns only the supply in the sector or sectors affected
needs to be cut off while the issue is being repaired.
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BEST PRACTICE 2: Fitting regulators to public fountains and drinking wells
DISTRICT. Huétor Santillán.
DESCRIPTION
Fitting devices to public fountains and drinking wells so that the water does not flow continuously but only when necessary.
RESULTS/OVERVIEW/BENEFITS.

Savings in municipal water consumption.
BEST PRACTICE 3: Splitting water tariffs into different bands according to the volume consumed.
DISTRICT. Various, nearly all.
DESCRIPTION
A bylaw fixes the supply tariffs, the price to be paid per m3 is divided into several bands (usually three), with the price increasing as consumption increases.
RESULTS/OVERVIEW/BENEFITS.
Savings in the individual water consumption of every household.
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BEST PRACTICE 4:
Awareness-building campaigns on water saving, including the distribution of small savings devices:
diffusers to be fitted to taps and bags for water in toilet cisterns.
DISTRICT. Maracena, Las Gabias.
DESCRIPTION
When a public awareness-building campaign is being planned, include not only information, leaflets and other material to be handed out but also a watersaving device for taps or toilets.
RESULTS/OVERVIEW/BENEFITS.

Savings in the individual water consumption of every household.
BEST PRACTICE 5: Installation of appropriate irrigation infrastructures.
DISTRICT. Various.
DESCRIPTION
Installation of drip-irrigation systems at any suitable municipal green areas. In areas where they cannot be installed because of the type of plants, a hydrometer
or programmed metering system can be installed.
RESULTS/OVERVIEW/BENEFITS.

Saving in municipal water consumption. The volume that can be saved varies up to 40% of the water consumed by traditional flood-watering systems.
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BEST PRACTICE 6: Watering green areas with well water not fit for human consumption.
DISTRICT. Huétor Tájar.
DESCRIPTION
Use of non-drinking-water to water green areas, using drinking water only for household supplies.
RESULTS/OVERVIEW/BENEFITS.

Saving in the consumption of mains water by not using it for any purposes that could be covered by water unfit for human consumption.
BEST PRACTICE 7: Installation and commissioning of a vertical wet–land flow treatment plant.
DISTRICT. Albondón.
DESCRIPTION
A wastewater-treatment and sludge-stabilisation plant. The wet–land flow system with vertical flow enables small districts to perform integrated wastewater
and sludge treatment.
The system consists of three wetlands built with earth and special cane with high purification qualities.
RESULTS/OVERVIEW/BENEFITS.

Wastewater treatment with a system characterised by its low energy consumption, low waste production, low noise impact and integration into the
rural environment.

The treated sludge should be re-used every 10 years and may be used directly for agricultural purposes.
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BEST PRACTICE 8: Farming application of WWTP sludge in Granada province.
DISTRICT. Various (a province-wide initiative by Granada Provincial Council).
DESCRIPTION
Local application of sludge, managing it in the district where it is generated. The system consists of the following stages, which coincide with those included in
the PNIR:

Stage 1: contacting farmers near the WWTP (where the sludge is going to be collected from).

Stage 2: analytical characterisation of the WWTP sludge.

Stage 3: sampling and analytical characterisation of the farmland where the sludge is to be applied.

Stage 4: application report.

Stage 5: monitoring the sludge application plan and preparing the application monitoring report.

Stage 6: collecting soil samples from where the sludge is being applied and determining the agricultural improvement achieved.
RESULTS/OVERVIEW/BENEFITS.

Local application for farming reduces sludge-management costs, since the highest cost, which is transport, is reduced by using the sludge locally.

The local authority’s resources will be used to transport the sludge and the farmer’s resources to apply it to the land.

A dual benefit is thus obtained: the local authority manages a waste product in a low-cost, environmentally sustainable way, and the farmer has access
to a natural fertiliser, stabilised and controlled, that provides an additional benefit (improved soils) thanks to the supply of organic material and
nutrients.

The costs of this application methodology are limited to those of the analytical characterisations of sludge and soils and the technical support provided
to the districts by Granada Provincial Council.
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