Active Transportation
Equity: A Scan of Existing
Master Plans
This report examines 38 current bicycle
and pedestrian master plans to assess
the definition and inclusion of equity as a
stated goal or outcome.
May 2015
Table of Contents
Active Transportation Equity: A Scan of Existing Master Plans...................................... 3
Purpose.................................................................................................................................. 3
Definitions of Equity............................................................................................................. 4
In Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Joint Bicycle/Pedestrian Master Plans........................................ 4
Background on Equity............................................................................................................ 5
Equity and the Importance of the Language Used to Define It............................................... 7
Equity-Related Performance Measures.............................................................................. 8
Importance of Equity-based Performance Measures............................................................. 9
Applying Performance Measure Terminology....................................................................... 10
Tools for Equitable Planning..............................................................................................11
Examples of Community Outreach Tools and Efforts............................................................11
Examples of GIS and Data Tools.......................................................................................... 12
Other Tools and Efforts......................................................................................................... 13
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................... 14
Acknowledgements............................................................................................................ 14
Advocacy Advance aims to increase public funding
for biking and walking at the state and local level.
Advocacy Advance is supported by the SRAM Cycling
Fund, the Every Body Walk! Collaborative, and REI.
Cover photos from the Alliance for Biking & Walking
photo library
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Active Transportation Equity: A Scan of Existing Master Plans
Advocacy Advance, a dynamic partnership between the League of American Bicyclists
and the Alliance for Biking & Walking, is committed to maximizing funding for bicycling
and walking improvements in communities across the country. As bicycling and walking
improvements have become more widespread in the past 20 years thanks to federal
funding, questions about how and where improvements are made have been raised. The
question regarding process — who makes decisions in communities about where changes
are made — will be examined in a follow-up report.
Purpose
The following report summarizes explicit mentions of equity within existing bicycle and
pedestrian master plans. We examined master plans because they represent the clearest
expression of the policies, programming, and projects that a community believes will make
biking, walking, and rolling safe, convenient, and commonplace.
We chose 38 bicycle, pedestrian and joint pedestrian/ bicycle master plans based on
recommendations from the Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center, the League of
American Bicyclists’ Bicycle Friendly Community program, and our own research for
best practices in active transportation planning. Each plan was searched for an explicit
statement or mention of equity (literally the word "equity" to be inclusive of all possible
types) and several terms we believe are associated with specific types of equity such as
words describing race, family characteristics, and income.
This report is not meant to be an exhaustive resource on the subject, but rather,
a current compilation of how some cities are attempting to address equity within
the context of bicycle and pedestrian master plans. It is a report about what we
found in planning documents and can begin to address some of the questions biking and
walking advocates, agency staff, and transportation consultants may have as they look to
incorporate equity considerations into bicycle and pedestrian planning goals.
Master plans are a small part of what it takes for a community to address equity-related
disparities. This report focuses on definitions and performance measures related
to equity in active transportation master plans. To fully realize equitable outcomes, the
policies stated in plans must lead to processes, funding decisions, implementation, and
evaluation that ensure that equitable outcomes are achieved. However, by considering
equity at the planning stage, communities can assess whether they are planning for their
entire community or perpetuating patterns of disparity. Planning can be a prerequisite for
later investments and so it is vitally important that all communities, especially communities
that are not traditionally a priority of planning processes, are intentionally included in active
transportation planning.
Recognizing that an inclusive planning process is key to achieving equitable planning
outcomes, a follow-up report highlighting some of planning processes in this report will be
developed and released as an additional resource.
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Definitions of Equity
In Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Joint Bicycle/Pedestrian Master Plans
Multiple definitions of equity were provided in the plans reviewed — sometimes within the
same plan. Approximately half of the plans mentioned "equity," but that didn't always mean
the terms were defined. When plans did define “equity” they generally defined it in terms of:
1. Geographic Equity - The distribution of biking and/or walking facilities and
programs within a community, and/or
2. Social or Demographic Equity - The characteristics of populations served by biking
and/or walking facilities and programs.
There was little discussion about where definitions of “equity” came from or why it was
important that it be addressed. When plans did describe motivations for equity work,
they referenced comprehensive plans (Los Angeles County), larger governmental
equity initiatives (Seattle), health and sustainability (Phoenix), and environmental justice
(Sacramento). See Table 1 for a list of plans that mentioned and/ or defined equity.
While each community should define equity in the way that is important to its unique
characteristics, it is also useful to ground the community definition of equity in defined
concepts that provide a framework for community strategies to achieve goals related to
equity. Having clearer definitions of the type(s) of equity that master plans hope to achieve
will help communities compare their methods and progress to one another.
Table 1. List of Plans that Mention and/or Define Equity
JURISDICTION
PLAN TYPE
Bike
Walk
DEFINITION(S)
Austin, TX
X
Provide equal access for all through public engagement, program delivery, and capital
investment
Seattle, WA
X
Provide equal bicycling access for all; through public engagement, program delivery, and
capital investment.
North Carolina
X
X
Fairness in transportation choice and facilities across communities
Northwest Arkansas
X
X
Equity in transportation planning refers to the distribution of impacts (benefits and costs)
and whether that distribution is considered appropriate.
• Geographic equity ensures that all parts of the city will see the same types of facilities
at the same density and quality.
Minneapolis, MN
• Demographic equity ensures that people of all age, race, ethnicity, and gender are
treated equally.
X
• Modal equity is achieved when bicycling is treated as an equal mode of transportation
alongside autos, trucks, motorcycles, buses, and pedestrians.
Eugene, OR
X
X
Build a system that addresses the needs and safety of all users, including youth, the
elderly, people with disabilities, and people of all races, ethnicities and incomes.
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Table 1. List of Plans that Mention and/or Define Equity (continued)
JURISDICTION
PLAN TYPE
Bike
Fort Collins, CO
X
Colorado
X
Phoenix, AZ
Portland, OR
X
X
Walk
DEFINITION(S)
Provide equal access to bicycling for all members of the community
X
Mobility options to underserved populations, safe active transportation to schools and
learning centers, and pedestrian mobility for seniors and disabled populations
• Social Equity: The effort to provide bicycle transportation facilities for all
socioeconomic groups and all portions of the community.
• Modal Equity: Providing adequate transportation facilities for all modes (motor vehicle,
pedestrian and bicycles), including parking facilities at destinations.
Develop a balanced, equitable, and efficient transportation system that provides a range
of transportation choices; reinforces the livability of neighborhoods; supports a strong
and diverse economy; reduces air, noise, and water pollution; and lessens reliance on
the automobile while maintaining accessibility.
Background on Equity
There are many models for and definitions of equity offered within transportation and nontransportation fields. Equity within the bicycling and walking movement tends to focus on
recognizing and reacting to the underrepresentation of youth, women, and people of color
in advocacy efforts and local transportation decisions.
The League of American Bicyclists has chosen to pursue equity-related work within its
organization and within the bicycling community because of its commitment to making
bicycling safe and comfortable for everyone. Equity-related work, particularly work
that focuses on social equity to address disparities in bicycling-related investments,
representation, and resources, is a means to address disparities that prevent the League
from realizing its universal goal of safe and comfortable bicycling for everyone. The League
hopes that this work helps communities articulate why equity is important to them.
Advocacy Advance hopes this report can drive conversations forward by relaying how
active transportation plans currently talk about equity and provide a basis for future
standards in an evolving conversation within the bicycling and walking community. This
report is not about best practices because of the evolving and emerging practices of
communities that are beginning to incorporate equity-related issues in active transportation
planning.
As there were few definitions for active transportation equity provided within the plans
scanned for this report, the following are offered as potential models for advocates,
agencies, and consultants to build and improve upon for their own planning purposes.
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»»
Environmental Justice:
•
"Equitable development is an approach to meet the needs of underserved
communities through projects, programs, and/ or policies that reduce
disparities while fostering places that are healthy, vibrant, and diverse."
– Mustafa Ali, Senior Advisor to the Administrator for Environmental Justice at
EPA
•
Executive Order 12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in
Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, “directs federal agencies to
identify and address the disproportionately high and adverse human health or
environmental effects of their actions on minority and low-income populations
[and] … is intended to promote nondiscrimination in federal programs that
affect human health and the environment, as well as provide minority and lowincome communities access to public information and public participation.” –
Environmental Protection Agency1
»»
Sustainability: The Triple Bottom Line of sustainability is environmental
sustainability, economic sustainability, and social equity. The social equity
sustainability aspect works to ensure equal distribution of resources and access to
amenities for all races and economic levels.
»»
Health: Advancing equity in the context of obesity means inclusivity in preliminary
stages of policy development, systems change, and other planning; policies
tailored to meet unique circumstances and needs of community, and increased
willingness to do more targeted investments. – National Council of La Raza
»»
Public Health: "Equity [in health] is the absence of systematic disparities or in the
social determinants of health, between groups with different levels of underlying
social advantage/ disadvantage—that is, wealth, power, or prestige. Inequities [in
health] systematically put groups of people who are already socially disadvantaged
by virtue of being poor, female, and/ or members of a disenfranchised racial,
ethnic, or religious group at further disadvantage.” – Dr. P. Braveman, University of
California, San Francisco
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Transportation:
•
A “sustainable” transportation system “Allows the basic access and
development needs of individuals, companies, and society to be met safely
and in a manner consistent with human and ecosystem health, and promotes
equity within and between successive generations. Is affordable, operates fairly
and efficiently, offers a choice of transport mode, and supports a competitive
economy, as well as balanced regional development. Limits air, water, and
noise emissions, waste, and resource use….” – Transportation Research
Board Sustainable Transportation Indicators Subcommittee
1 EPA's Office of Environmental Justice has defined the term "minority" for environmental justice purposes
to include Hispanics, Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders, African-Americans, and American Indians
and Alaskan Natives. However, the word “minority” may also be used to reference racial, ethnic, or other
characteristics of people or communities. Some communities prefer descriptors other than “minority” and those
preferences should be followed.
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•
»»
The GROW AMERICA Act will build ladders of opportunity to help Americans
get to the middle class by providing transportation options that are more
affordable and reliable and by improving their quality of life through greater
access to education and new job opportunities, including jobs in the
transportation industry. - US Department of Transportation
Targeted Universalism: “Targeting within universalism means identifying a
problem, particularly one suffered by marginalized people, proposing a solution,
and then broadening its scope to cover as many people as possible. It sees
marginalized populations in American society as the canary in the coal mine… It
recognizes that problems faced by particular segments of American society are
problems that could spill over into the lives of everyone.” – John Powell, Stephen
Menedian and Jason Reece, Poverty & Race Research Action Council
Equity and the Importance of the Language Used to Define It
Many of the active transportation master plans lacked discussion regarding how definitions
of equity were created. To have legitimacy within the groups that are affected, it's important
to develop a shared context and define key terms. Providing an example of the foundation
on which such definitions are built, the Transportation Equity Caucus, a coalition of
partner organizations that is charting a new course for our nation to ensure all people can
participate and prosper, focuses on four core principles:
1. Create affordable transportation options for all people;
2. Ensure fair access to quality jobs, workforce development and contracting
opportunities;
3. Promote healthy, safe and inclusive communities; and
4. Invest equitably and focus on results.
The overarching trends of current definitions of equity in active transportation master plans
reflect equity being related to accessibility, safety, and other outcomes of a bicycle or
pedestrian master plan. Austin and Seattle also name community engagement as a means
for achieving the goal of equitable access for all.
Definitions of equity would be stronger, and better able to address community needs,
if active transportation plans included a greater discussion of the equity framework
that planners started with (e.g. environmental justice, health, or social equity) and the
engagement framework used to create the community’s definition of equity.
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Equity-Related Performance Measures
Definitions of equity define the goal that a master plan will help accomplish. Performance
measures tell planners and the public how success for a stated goal will be judged
and tracked. No matter how technically sound a performance measure is, it can only
create positive outcomes if the goal is measurable and there is a data collection process
that yields that specific data or it can be obtained.
Table 2. Equity Performance Measures in Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Joint Bicycle/Pedestrian Master Plans
JURISDICTION
Denver, CO
PLAN TYPE
Bike
Walk
X
SELECTED PERFORMANCE MEASURES RELATED TO EQUITY
% of Denver Moves network miles per council district
• City investments toward Top Tier projects in High Priority Areas,
Seattle, WA
X
• Public communication about pedestrian issues (views of plan on website),
• Transit Ridership (boarding and alighting),
• Mode Share (as measured by PSRC household travel survey).
• Zero areas of city lacking bicycle facilities by 2030
Seattle, WA
X
Northwest Arkansas
X
• Increased Percentage of females, older adults, and people of color who ride regularly
(a few times a month or more)
Apply environmental justice criteria to project selection criteria and providing
transportation options and information to vulnerable populations
• % of city produced materials available in multiple languages and formats.
Minneapolis, MN
• % modes share increase among underrepresented communities such as (gender,
socio-economic status, race/ethnicity, age).
X
• % increase in citywide bicycle mode share.
• % of neighborhoods connected to a bicycle facility.
• Number of traffic signals without Accessible Pedestrian Devices,
• List of completed projects from the ADA Transition Plan (once it is completed).
Eugene, OR
X
X
• Annual pedestrian and bicycle crash statistics.
• Density of pedestrian and bicycle facilities in areas with higher concentrations of racial
and ethnic minorities and low-income households compared to other parts of Eugene.
• Bicycle and pedestrian level of service (LOS) and quality of service (QOS) models.
• Build high-quality and leading-edge bicycle facilities in all parts of the city.
Fort Collins, CO
X
• Implement inclusive bicycle-related programs and outreach.
• Increase percentage of female bicycle commuters from 35% to 50%.
• Increase population within 1/4 mile of a low-stress bicycle route from 17% to 80%.
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Table 2. Equity Performance Measures in Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Joint Bicycle/Pedestrian Master Plans
(continued)
JURISDICTION
PLAN TYPE
Bike
Walk
SELECTED PERFORMANCE MEASURES RELATED TO EQUITY
• Percent of underserved populations (low-income or minority) in the state living within a
quarter mile of a defined bicycle or pedestrian facility
Colorado
X
X
• Percent of schools in Colorado that have a Safe Routes map and program
• Number of schools teaching CDOT Safe Routes to School curriculum
• Percentage of students who bicycle or walk to school
• Percent of >65 population living within a quarter mile of a defined pedestrian facility.
Phoenix, AZ
X
Utilize a prioritization methodology that utilizes a variety of social equity measures,
including: % of households in poverty; % of population under 18; % of households with
no vehicles; and population density.
• Percent of low-stress bikeways improved that serve areas in the
lowest quartile of
existing service (low-stress bikeway miles per square mile) and the highest quartile of
disadvantaged population groups (percent disadvantaged population per block group)
Portland, OR
X
• Percent of bicycling population: low income, female, non-white, under age 18, over
age 65, etc.
• Assure that implementation criteria include comprehensive measures of equity,
including poverty, minority status and age
• Regularly update the Equity Gap Analysis to account for changes in the low-stress
bikeway network so that the results continue to inform project selection
• Develop a tool for addressing the health and equity effects of planned projects
Importance of Equity-based Performance Measures
A performance measure is the monitoring of ongoing progress toward pre-established
goals. A performance measure may be selected for a variety of reasons, with common
reasons including:
»»
Ease of understanding by both technical and nontechnical audiences, and
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Ability to implement with current resources (e.g. available data and existing
information systems)
»»
Variability with different choices of transportation alternatives, and
»»
Characteristic(s) which can be controlled by the implementing agency.
Performance measures can be categorized by several different types, including:
»»
Input measures – measure resources used or demand related to a goal
»»
Output measures – measure units produced or services provided
»»
Outcome measures – measure results of units produced or services provided
»»
Efficiency measures – measure cost per unit of output or outcome
»»
Explanatory/ Quality measures – measure environmental factors or qualitative
indicators related to units produced or services provided
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Many of the active transportation planning documents reviewed for this report did not
describe how performance measures were selected nor did they attempt to balance
different types of performance measures. More discussion on how the types of
performance measures created were decided upon as well as how these will be achieved
would provide clarity of the intent to produce outputs or outcomes in named communities.
Performance measures are an appropriate place to identify current disparities and set
targets for correcting them.
Applying Performance Measure Terminology
The Fort Collins, CO Bicycle Master Plan has a performance measure to “Increase
percentage of female bicycle commuters from 35% to 50%.” This is an outcome
performance measure, which measures the percentage of women bicycle commuters.
However, the government does not directly produce or provide women bicycle commuters
and so this can also be thought of as a community indicator that measures and impact at
the community-level rather than a variable, characteristic, or output which the government
can control.
The Fort Collins Bicycle Master Plan identifies women, as well as youth and seniors, as
underrepresented groups and identifies facilities, education, and encouragement as ways
to reach those groups. This identification is an input performance measure, some of which
the government can control. The underrepresentation of women in bicycle commuting data
may be an indicator of latent or potential demand for bicycle commuting among women.
While the identification of women as an underrepresented user group seems to be, but is
not explicitly, based upon data, the Bicycle Master Plan also identified strong community
partners, such as FC Bikes, Vida Sana, and University of Colorado Health, that are
indicative of demand for the outcome-based performance measure of a larger percentage
of bicycle commuters being women.
The Fort Collins Bicycle Master Plan identifies specific education and encouragement
programming, such as the Woman on a Roll initiative and an open streets initiative, which
are recommended to reach women as a new bicycling audience. Facilities, education, and
encouragement activities are all units that the government can control and measure as
output, outcome, efficiency, or explanatory/quality performance measures. The current plan
does not specify how education and encouragement programming will be evaluated and
what type of performance measure might be appropriate for that evaluation. This may be
appropriate so that the evaluation of the use of various programming can be reassessed
in a short timetable than the Bicycle Master Plan, but the types of performance measures
used to affect the community indicator can have important effects on later decisions and is
worthy of discussion in a Master Plan.
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Most performance measures found in our review are output or outcome-related, however,
an emphasis on the inputs needed to achieve goals as part of creating an inclusive process
for equity goals should be more closely examined. Effective outreach and engagement with
targeted communities is important to prevent the appearance or occurrence of engagement
that bypasses those most affected by a goal. Outreach may also identify programming or
other outputs that the agency can measure in order to achieve the larger stated goal and
deepen the understanding of what is a performance measure for the agency and what is a
community indicator that measure the impact of the agency's work.
Tools for Equitable Planning
Tools and practices to create equitable biking and walking master plans and related
planning documents are being developed in many communities. Improving these tools and
sharing successes is important for creating best practices from current practices. This scan
is not comprehensive and the following examples of current practices are provided to help
understand the current state of practice.
Examples of Community Outreach Tools and Efforts
Partner Formation and Technical Assistance Model: The Federal Highway
Administration recently chose to highlight the work of the KidsWalk Coalition in New
Orleans in its Resident’s Guide to Creating Walkable Communities. The KidsWalk Coalition
involved a partnership between Tulane University’s Prevention Research Center, the City
of New Orleans, and other public health partners to implement infrastructure improvements
that made walking and biking to school safer. The Coalition currently includes more than
25 active partners, including community groups. One of the difficulties encountered by the
Coalition was building trust between its staff and city staff.
Bicycle Master Plan-related Advocacy: The Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition
(LACBC) engaged in a sustained Better Bike Plan advocacy campaign when the City
of Los Angeles was creating its Bicycle Master Plan. Some of the key lessons learned
through their multi-year engagement in the BMP process included the need to be engaged
before a Request for Proposal is issued to ensure a proper framework, the need to
develop a broad coalition and engage low-income communities early on, and the need for
detailed implementation plans and performance measures in the final bike plan. Through
engagement with low-income riders, the LACBC was able to get an explicit commitment to
prioritization criteria that accounted for low-income and transit dependent communities from
the City of Los Angeles.
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Examples of GIS and Data Tools
Both Portland and Seattle included detailed GIS and data analysis of equity considerations
relevant to their Bicycle Master Plans.
The Portland Bureau of Transportation contracted with Portland State University to conduct
an equity analysis of new bicycle facilities in its Bicycle Master Plan. The analysis looked
at several equity indicators – race, poverty, youth, and older adults – using census block
data and comparing those indicators to the current Portland low-stress bikeway network.
This analysis led to a map of service areas and disadvantaged population areas that can
be updated as the bikeway network changes. The Initiative for Bicycle and Pedestrian
Innovation’s user guide to developing pedestrian and bicycle master plans highlights the
Equity Gap Analysis used by Portland’s Bicycle Master Plan.
The Seattle Bicycle Master Plan used equity indicators that were similar to Portland’s equity
analysis, but also included the percentage of households with no automobile available for
daily use. The Seattle Bicycle Master Plan used a simpler metric for bicycle service based
on the availability of bicycle facilities in each census tract while the Portland equity analysis
looked at specific activity types that were relevant to the spatial distribution of bicycle
facilities, such as access to schools and transit.
Map 1. Portland’s Equity Gap Analysis
Map 2. Seattle’s Equity Analysis
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Other Tools and Efforts
While this is not an exhaustive list, the following resources are examples of some nonbicycle and pedestrian approaches to equity.
Table 3. Examples of Non-Bicycle and Pedestrian Approaches to Equity
JURISDICTION
CONTEXT
SUMMARY
Seattle
Interagency
Initiative
Racial Equity Toolkit created as part of Initiative’s vision to eliminate racial inequality in
the community by ending individual, institutional, and structural racism. Toolkit includes a
six step process to confront racism through inclusion.
Portland
Comprehensive
Plan
A Framework for Equity provides a guide for implementing actions to achieve goals
within the City of Portland’s Comprehensive Plan. Equity is defined and action items are
listed.
St. Paul and Minneapolis
Light Rail Service
As part of the outreach for a transit service study of a new light rail line, the District
Councils Collaborative of St. Paul and Minneapolis (DCC) implemented a Trusted
Advocate pilot project. Through the Trusted Advocate project, over 1200 community
members interacted with existing community organizers, advocates, and leaders who
had been contracted by the DCC and worked with the DCC to plan outreach in the
communities affected by the project.
Newark
Zoning and Land
Use
First comprehensive update to zoning since 1954 included an interactive map and webbased commenting. Newark partnered with the Center for Urban Pedagogy to make
zoning and land use more accessible and understandable.
Davidson, NC
Health Impact
Analysis (HIA)
The Town of Davidson did a rapid HIA as part of its Active Transportation Master Plan
which included a social and health equity analysis. The rapid HIA created a composite
social, health, and environmental equity model in order to define high priority areas for
future improvements.
Investing in Place
Non-profit
Investing in Place is a new non-profit working to support a constituency for equitable
planning in Los Angeles County. It uses convenings and research to promote social
equity in upcoming plans and revenue measures.
Sacramento Bicycle
Advisory Committee (BAC)
Resolution
The Sacramento BAC proposed a resolution requesting that the City’s Bicycle Master
Plan should be updated through an inclusive outreach process with a specific goal of
equity in bicycling investment.
National Equity Atlas
Resource
The National Equity Atlas is a resource for data to track, measure, and make the case
for inclusive growth. The Atlas focuses on data about how populations are changing and
how equity is a growth model for regions and the nation.
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Conclusion
This report found a number of recent bicycle and pedestrian master planning processes
and documents that consider equity as a community goal. While the list of plans is not
comprehensive, it does indicate that achieving equitable outcomes is a stated goal that
more communities are committing to when developing their vision of bikeability, walkability,
and rollability.
While statements or commitments to equity were identified with the plans noted in this
report, definitions of bicycle and pedestrian equity were less prevalent. When defined, little
information about the process, stakeholders, or other previous equity definitions used to
inform the definition was provided. Recognizing process as a critical input component to
developing equitable outcomes, a follow-up Advocacy Advance report will highlight some of
the planning processes mentioned in this scan.
In addition, indicating how plans will be measured over time to achieve success is just as
important as defining and developing goals. Performance measures for equity in the plans
reviewed for this report were mostly related to infrastructure outcomes in high priority areas.
However, there were a number of plans that did not include data performance measures as
data limitations were a barrier.
In summary, good and more data and inputs overall are crucial to developing and
measuring equity goals within bicycle and pedestrian master plans. As active transportation
advocates, planners, and engineers move forward on planning efforts, this resource is
intended to serve as a reference with examples of approaches they can learn from and
build upon.
Acknowledgements
Author: Ken McLeod, Advocacy Advance / League of American Bicyclists
Contributing Writers and Reviewers:
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Christy Kwan, Advocacy Advance / Alliance for Biking & Walking
Naomi Doerner, Alliance for Biking & Walking
Brighid O'Keane, Advocacy Advance / Alliance for Biking & Walking
Caron Whitaker, League of American Bicyclists
Carolyn Szczepanski, Alliance for Biking & Walking / League of American Bicyclists
Simran Noor, Center for Social Inclusion
Dara Baldwin, National Disability Rights Network
Tamika Butler, Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition
Eric Bruins, Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition
Heidi Guenin, Upstream Public Health.
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Learn more about Advocacy Advance and
find additional reports & resources at
www.AdvocacyAdvance.org
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