Lesson 02 - South
Africa and
Apartheid
Do Now: Get out
your packet
from the
previous class.
With a partner,
discuss how you
feel about
Apartheid
Aims
SWBAT describe the restrictions put upon
black South Africans during Apartheid.
SWBAT trace the creation of Apartheid and
make connections to previously studied
cultures.
South Africa - Geography
Capitals: Cape Town
(legislative center)
and Bloemfontein
(judicial center)
Johannesburg is a
hub today
Over 20% of the
world's gold is
mined in South
Africa.
Johannesburg Today (Jo'Burg)
Outside of Capital, where
most tourists stay and
visit (after safari
trips). Thriving and
booming metropolis with
trade and industry.
What is
Apartheid?
- Literally means the "status of being apart".
- A system of segregation created by the
Nationalist party from 1948 - 1994 (WW II)
- Racism existed since Colonialism, but this is an
official government policy
- Four groups: whites, coloreds, Asians and native,
which were divided into regions. Most people were
thrown from their homes
- Minority white control of majority black or colored
Popular Statistics
1996 Population - 40,583,611
2003 Population - 42,768,678
- Life expectancy was only 46 years, 50% live
below poverty rate, 20% of adults have Aids
A Timeline to Apartheid
1652 - Dutch come and settle South
Africa. Defeated Africans and forced
them to work as slaves.
1806 - British captured the colony
from the Dutch.
1867 - Minerals and gold are found.
1854 - Berlin Conference where
European Countries claimed parts of
Africa illegally.
1902 - Official start of Apartheid
1948 - Racist Nationalist Party
elected to power
Implications of 1948
- National party makes
"Apartheid" government
legislation.
- Registration Act of 1950
(passbooks, races are
identified and locations
are determined)
- Hendrik Verwoerd becomes
Prime Minister in 1958
until his assassination in
1966 (killed by a white
man who fell in love with
a mixed race woman)
- Architect of Apartheid
Policies of Apartheid
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, Act No 55 of 1949
Population Registration Act, Act No 30 of 1950
Led to the creation of a national register in which every
person's race was recorded. A Race Classification Board took
the final decision on what a person's race was in disputed
cases.
Group Areas Act, Act No 41 of 1950
Forced physical separation between races by creating different
residential areas for different races. Led to forced removals
of people living in "wrong" areas, for example Coloureds living
in District Six in Cape Town.
Policies of Apartheid cont.
Separate Representation of Voters Act, Act No 46 of 1951
Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act, Act No 52 of 1951
Gave the Minister of Native Affairs the power to remove
blacks from public or privately owned land and to
establishment resettlement camps to house these displaced
people.
Bantu Authorities Act, Act No 68 of 1951
Provided for the establishment of black homelands and
regional authorities and, with the aim of creating greater
self-government in the homelands, abolished the Native
Representative Council.
Bantustans
- Reservations
where blacks
were displaced
- Became their
own "nation"
- Poor quality
land
(reservations)
- Africans are
divided into 9
groups
Images of Apartheid
Images of Apartheid cont.
Images of Apartheid cont.
The Passbook
- Needed special permits to live outside of
reservations and not with family
- If you left home you could only return for
72 hours
- Curfew regulations
- Passbook raids
Apartheid Resistance
- Nelson Mandela peacefully fought to end
apartheid. Spent 27 years in prison for
"treason". When freed became Prime Minister.
- South African whites began to protest/World
involvement
- Sharpeville Massacre (1960) Peaceful protest
in city and 69 people killed. Ignited more
demonstrations and protests
- Steve Biko killed in 1977, evidence he was
tortured in detention. This is what the movie
"Cry Freedom" is based upon
Liberation of 1994
- Reservations
are abolished
- Apartheid had
caused much
economic
instability as
the world did
not approve
- First
multicultural
election
- Nelson Mandela
is elected
- Forgiveness