Biodiversiteit werkt
Linking community response to ecosystem processes Towards a predictive tool for environmental effects on soil functions
Astra Ooms, Hans Cornelissen, André Dias, Jacintha Ellers
and Matty P. Berg
Bart van Tooren
Piet Schippers
Community / ecosystem predictability?
Community response to ‘stress’ is difficult to understand
‐ taxonomy = context dependency ‐ sites = context dependency Ecosystem consequences of ‘stress’?
‐ community response
Traits might decrease context dependency and link community response with ecosystem effects
McGill et al., 2006
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Macro‐detritivores: key to nutrient cycling
Traits that help to respond to environmental changes
Beylich and Graefe (2002); Plum (2005); David and Handa (2010)
Effect on soil functions:
‐ bioturbation
‐ litter degradation
‐ influence microbial community
e.g. Hassall et al. (1987); Teuben (1991); Martin and Marinissen (1992); Lavelle and Spain (2001); Cole et al. (2006)
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Traits determine community responses and effects
∆ Soil moisture
Macro‐detritivores
Response
traits
Effect traits
Litter decomposition
Violle et al. (2007); Lavorel et al. (2013)
Response traits: characteristics of organism that affects fitness e.g. body size, water loss rate
Effect traits: characteristics of organism that affects next trophic
level or ecosystem processes
e.g. mouth morphology, assimilation
efficiency
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Link between R & E traits determines predictability
Relative abundance
Before environmental change After environmental change
f
f
Response trait values
Response trait values
f
CWM = 7
f
CWM = 10
Instable / predictable
f
CWM = 7
f
CWM = 4
Instable /predictable
f
CWM = 7
CWM = 7
Stable / predictable?
Detritivores
+
‐
o
Effect trait values
Dias & Berg, in prep
f
Effect trait values
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Response‐to‐effect trait framework
∆ Soil moisture
Response
Response
traits
traits
Plants
Detritivores
Effect traits
Effect traits
Litter decomposition
Violle et al. (2007); Lavorel et al. (2013)
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Response‐to‐effect trait framework
∆ Soil moisture
Response
Response
traits
traits
Plants
Detritivores
Effect traits
Effect traits
Litter decomposition
Violle et al. (2007); Lavorel et al. (2013)
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Soil fauna trait database
Desiccation resistance
Inundation resistance
‐Water loss rate (mg H2O mg‐1 H2O h‐1) ‐ Survival time (h)
‐ Δ O2 consumption ‐ Fatal water loss (mg H2O)
(ratio in water / air)
‐ Survival time (h) ‐ Body surface area (mm2)
2
‐Body surface area (mm )
‐ Dry weight (mg)
‐ Dry weight (mg)
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
700
0
EISETETR
DENDATTE
DENDRUBI
DENDOCTA
ALLOCHLO
APORROSE
LUMBCAST
APORCALI
LUMBRUBE
APORTRAP
TRICALBI
METALEYD
TRICPUSI
TRICSARS
MIKTPATI
HAPLDANI
PLATHOFF
LIGIHYPN
ANDRDENT
PORCSONS
PORCPRUI
ELUMCAEL
ONISASEL
TRACRATH
PHILMUSC
ARMAALBU
ARMAPULC
LIGIOCEA
PORCSCAB
ARMAOPAC
ARMAVULG
ARMAPICT
PORCSPINI
CRASRAWL
POLYANGU
ALLANITI
NEMAVARI
BLANGUTU
JULUSCAN
OPHYPILO
TRACNIGE
CYLICAER
CYLIPUNC
GLOMMARG
Survival time (hours)
Large interspecific variation in desiccation resistance
800
Earthworms
Isopods
Millipedes
600
500
400
300
200
100
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Dutch groundwater regime classes ‐ Alterra, Wageningen
Distribution database
(EIS, RIVM)
Trait database
Linking response traits to environmental variables
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Testing the trait framework
∆ Soil moisture
Response
Response
traits
traits
Plants
Detritivores
Effect traits
Effect traits
Litter decomposition
Violle et al. (2007); Lavorel et al. (2013)
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Exposing assemblages to stress
Terrestrial model systems with realistic combinations of macro‐detritivores are
exposed to:
1. Constant, non‐
extreme regime
2. Periodic inundation
3. Periodic drought
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
What will be measured?
• Community response:
‐ Abundance macro‐detritivores
‐ Vegetation composition / biomass /effect traits
• Ecosystem response:
‐ Nutrient mineralisation
‐ Litter mass & decomposition rate
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Towards a predictive framework
Environmental change
Response
Response
traits
traits
Plants
Detritivores
Effect traits
Effect traits
Soil processes
Violle et al. (2007); Lavorel et al. (2013)
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Take home message
Effects of environmental changes on ecosystem function can be predicted from
community trait composition
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Desiccation resistance in linked to dry weight and water loss rate
600
Mean desiccation resistance (survival time (hours))
Mean desiccation resistance survival time (hours)
600
Isopods
500
500
Millipedes
Earthworms
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
0
0
200
Mean dry weight (mg)
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
Mean water loss rate (mg)
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Terrestrial model ecostem
Astra Ooms, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam