Human Anatomy
Unit 8 – Chapter 11+13 – Blood and Lymph
Name __________________________________ P.__ Date__________
Turn in your stamp sheet by day of test or one day after for chance at full credit. After that, max points =
half credit. GET ANY INCOMPLETE WORK COMPLETED!!! Late work = 2pts if complete.
ASSIGNMENT
DATE TO BE
POINTS EARNED
COMPLETED
1)
Why we need blood crossword
(teacher gives)
2)
Worksheets 6-3 Red Blood
Cells (teacher gives)
3)
Hematopoiesis Flow Chart and
Blood Cell Function Quiz worksheet
4)
This is Going to Get Bloody
w/Blood Takes us There notes on back
5)
Characteristics of Normal Blood
PowerPoint Notes
6)
Clot Formation– chap 11.3
7)
Capillary Exchange– chap 11.4
8)
Blood Trivia and Typing
Question sheet (info sheet teacher
gives)
9)
Immune flow chart and
questions
10)
Our Immune System
PowerPoint Notes
11)
Worksheet 7-2 White Blood
Cells (teacher gives)
12)
Worksheet 44-46 Inflammatory
Response, HI and CMI (teacher gives)
13)
Worksheets 7-8 Lymphocytes
(teacher gives)
14)
Worksheets 7-9 Turning on
Immune + 7-11 The T-8 Lymphocytes
(teacher gives)
15)
Lymphatic System– chap 13.1
16)
Virus and Bacteria Worksheet
(teacher gives)
17)
Review for chap 11 + 13 fill in
18)
Printing Out Packet on time
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Name
Period #
This is Going to Get Bloody!
Use your notes and your textbook (pages 209-217) to answer the questions below.
1. Name and explain two ways that blood helps the body maintain homeostasis.
2. Blood also carries white blood cells and antibodies to fight infections. Explain why it is advantageous for
these cells to be in the blood versus being fixed at one spot in the body.
3. Give a general overview of how blood is the complete transportation system for the body.
4. Explain how pressure differs between the inside and the outside of capillaries allows nutrients to flow out to
cells and waste back into the capillary.
5. A blood vessel sometimes experiences trauma from outside sources resulting in breaks in the vessel. What
are three ways that the body deals with this trauma? (hemostasis)
1.
2.
3.
6. Explain the steps of coagulation in the spaces below. (pg 215)




2
Characteristics of Normal Human Blood -PowerPoint Notes
I. Characteristics of Normal Red Blood Cells (________)
_______________
They stain _________
Contain ____ nucleus as mature cells
We have about 5 ________ rbc’s/mm3 and live to ________ days.
 Sketch one here 
II. Characteristics of Normal White Blood Cells (__________)
Contain a single _________
____________ as large as an RBC
They stain blue or ____________
Blood contains ___________ wbc/mm3
Sketch one here 
and live for ________ days.
III. Characteristics of Normal Platelets
 Contain one to ___________ nuclei
They occur in ‘________________’
Stain deep ____________________
Blood contains 140,000 to 400,000 units of platelets/mm3 and they live for
______ days
Sketch one here (draw in an RBC too to show a comparison of size) 
What’s Wrong With this Blood?
Blood Slide
Describe Appearance
Facts about disorder
Blood Slide
Describe Appearance
Facts about disorder
1.
2.
3
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
4
Clot Formation– Use your Text
Chapter 11.3 – page 215+
Name _________________________ P. __ Date_______
1. What is hemostasis? ____________________________
2. The 3 events of hemostasis are 1) _________________
2) _________________
3) _________________
3. What is “vascular spasm” and what triggers it?
4. What triggers the platelets (aka __________________) to adhere to the blood vessel
walls?
Fill in the missing information in diagram and flow chart -
r___
_
p______
____
Injured tissues and platelets release the clotting
factor p_____________ a_____________ and
_________ ions.
prothombrin activator converts the blood protein
prothrombrin to t__________.
thrombrin splits f___________ to form
f______.
Fibrin fibers form a mesh over wound, trapping
red blood cells and p_________
f_____
bleeding stops
clot hardens and becomes smaller
new cells grow to repair wound site
enzyme, p_________, is released to dissolve clot.
5
5. Coagulation, aka ______________________, requires 2 proteins ________________ and ___________________.
6. Rat poisons interfere with vitamin K recycling thereby greatly reducing vitamin K in the
body. Explain then how this will eventually kill the rat (and a dog or a human who might
ingest it ). Give details.
7. What is serum?
8. Why do we have anticoagulants normally flowing in our blood?
9. What is an embolus and what can it cause?
10. What is a stroke and what can cause it? (look in index)
11. What is hemophilia and why can it cause death?
6
Capillary Exchange (Use your Text)
Chapter 11.4 – page 216+
Name _________________________ P. __ Date_______
1.
Blood leaves the heart through the ____________. Passes into the
__________________, the smallest vessels, and returns to the heart through the
_________________.
2. What is tissue fluid and what is it mostly made of?
3. Capillary exchange is influenced by 3 processes
4. What is blood pressure?
1) _______________________
2) _______________________
3) _______________________
5. What is diffusion?
6. What is osmotic pressure?
7. What substance is moved due to osmotic pressure?
Fill in the boxes below and add the 7 substances to the drawing that are either moved
into or out of the capillary.
3) _________________
_________ end
of capillary
_________ end
of capillary
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8. Why do substances move out at the arterial end of the capillary?
9. Why do substances move in at the venous end of the capillary?
10. How does the blood pressure at the arterial end compare to the blood pressure at the
venous end? Why does this happen?
11. How does the osmotic pressure at the arterial end compare to the osmotic pressure at the
venous end?
12. How much water returns into the blood at the venous end?
13. Why do we have lymphatic vessels?
14. What is edema?
15. What causes elephantiasis and how does it cause the swelling?
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16.
9
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BLOOD TYPE TRIVIA and BLOOD TYPING - QUESTION SHEET(Use previous 2 pages)
1. List the 8 types of blood –
2. Which type is most common? _________
3. Which type is least common? _________
4. A man weighs 200 pounds, how many pounds of his body weight are due to blood?
__________
5. If you have blood type __________, then you must only receive blood type __________.
6. Which component of blood is always in demand by the Red Cross and hospitals? Explain why.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. If Jeremy donated blood on March 1st, when can he donate again? (give a date) __________
8. What are the 4 components of blood? _________________, ____________________,
______________, and __________________
9. Which blood type is the universal recipient? (can get blood from any one) ______________
10. What is an antigen? _____________________________________________________
11. What is an antibody? _____________________________________________________
12. What is agglutination? ____________________________________________________
13. What happens when antigens and antibodies combine? ____________________________
14. What happens when the B-antigen is mixed with the Anti-B antibody? _________________
15. Predict what will happen when the B-antigen is mixed with Anti-A antibody? ____________
16If you have type O blood and are given type A blood, what will happen? (use antibodies,
antigens, and agglutination in your response)
_____________________________________________________________________
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17. Explain why a person with type AB blood can accept all blood types. (use antibodies, antigens,
and agglutination in your response)
_______________________________________________________________________
18. Explain why all blood types can accept O blood. (use antibodies, antigens, and agglutination in
your response)
_______________________________________________________________________
19. In the spaces below, draw in the results for the tests for someone who has blood type A+.
Anti A
Anti B
Anti Rh
Draw in the results for someone who has blood type O-
Anti A
Anti B
Anti Rh
20. If you are Rh- and have been exposed to Rh+ blood, explain what will happen if you were to
get a blood transfusion of Rh+ blood. __________________________________________
12
Name:
Date:
Period:
Immune System
Specific Immunity
Nonspecific Immunity
(Triggered by Antigens to
produce Antibodies)
Includes
1. Skin--
Humoral Response
2. Mucus--
(triggered by surface
antigens of pathogens)
3. Sweat and Tears-4. Inflammatory Response
a. White Blood Cells
(monocytes/phagocytes)-b. Fever--
1. In Blood and Lymph
a. Lymphocytes
produce antibodies
(B Lymphocytes)
2. Antibodies are Yshaped proteins that help to
destroy pathogens
a. Antibodies bind to
antigens on the
pathogens
Draw an antibody
b. Cause pathogens to
clump up
3. Eosinophils and
monocytes engulf and
destroy pathogens (clumps
of antibodies and antigens)
Permanent Immunity – Once the body has been
exposed to a particular pathogen, the B and T cells
remain capable of producing specific antibodies to
that pathogen. The response to a second exposure
is rapid and produces a high number of antibodies,
thus preventing a second infection.
Active Immunity—
Vaccinations are given in order to cause the body
to be prepared for an infection of a particular
pathogen. Vaccinations work by injecting a
weakened form of the pathogen (or even parts of
the pathogen) into the body so that the body will
produce antibodies for the specific antigen.
Memory B cells are ready to immediately respond
to an exposure to the specific pathogen.
Vacca = cow….why?
Passive Immunity—
Antibodies produced by other animals for a
pathogen are injected into the bloodstream in
order to fight off a specific pathogen.
(can recognize cells that
have been invaded by
viruses)
Includes
5. Interferons--
Defenses that are not designed to fight a
specific disease but ALL diseases
Cell Mediated
Response
4. B cells can be activated
by T cells to turn into
Plasma cells.
5. Plasma cells produce
and release large numbers
of antibodies into the
bloodstream.
6. Some B cells become
memory cells and can
quickly respond if reinfected by same pathogen.
(you can’t get the same
cold twice)
Includes
1. A macrophage
presents pathogen’s
antigens to Killer T cell.
2. KillerT cells then
divide thru clonal
expansion
3. Killer T cells
(cytotoxic T cells) kill
infected cells to inhibit
the reproduction and
spread of viruses
4. Helper T cells
produce Memory T cells.
5. Memory T cells react
like Memory B cells.
6. Suppressor T cells
shut down the Killer T
cells when job is done.
See fig 13.7
Causes body to
reject transplanted
organs
(Antigens trigger the immune system to produce
antibodies that are specific to the antigen. B cells and
plasma cells make the antibodies with the help of Tcells)
and plasma cells make the antibodies with the
help of the T cells)
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Questions for Immune System Flow Chart
1. How is Nonspecific immunity different from Specific immunity?
2. Explain how each of these Nonspecific immunity responses stop an infection(see page 259) –
a. Skin –
b. Mucus –
c. Sweat and Tears –
d. Monocytes –
e. Fever – (on your own – think about enzymes in the pathogen)
f. Interferons –
3. In the Specific immunity response of cell mediated response, immune cells recognize body
cells that have been invaded by _______________.
4. What do killer T cells kill?
5. Which cells shut down the immune response when the pathogen has been killed off?
6. Transplant organ rejection is due to a _________ ________________ response.
7. What triggers the Humoral response?
8. What do the B-lymphocytes produce?
9. Antibodies bind to the _______________ on the pathogen and cause the pathogens to
__________ up.
10. ________________ and ________________ engulf and destroy the clumped, antibody covered
pathogens.
11. B-lymphocytes can turn into __________ cells and can quickly respond if re-infected by the
same pathogen.
12. Decide which type of immunity develops with each of these situations.
a. _________________ Adam is given a serum which contains antibodies generated by
another person’s blood.
b. _________________ Ashley gets the flu early in the season and re-exposed to it later
in the year, she doesn’t get sick again.
c. _________________ Alex doesn’t get really sick when exposed to Chickenpox
because he got the vaccine two years ago.
13. So all types of immunity involve __________________ (the Y-shaped proteins)
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PowerPoint Notes - Our Immune System
I. Why we need protection?
There are many _____________________ ready to invade and use our bodies for their food
and shelter.
A. Viruses
o extremely small (protein coat and nucleic acid)
o invade our cells – turning them into ___________
______________
o kill our cells when the ____________ out to
release more virus particles
o Examples – chicken pox and ________
B. _____________
o Small single – prokaryotes
o Produce _________ which kill our cells
o Examples – streptococcus (_____________) and
swimmer’s ear
C. Protozoa
o Single cell – eukaryotes
o Take nutrients away from our cells –
____________________________
o Examples – Giardiasis (traveller’s diarrhea) and
_________________
D. Fungi
o Single or multicelled eukaryotes
o Take nutrients away from cells and ________________________
o Examples – Fungal pneumonia and Athlete’s foot
II. Our First Line of Defense (____________________________)
A. Physical Barriers (keep enemy out)
1. __________
B. Traps
1. __________ and hair
C. Chemical Warfare (disengage/destroy enemy before attack)
1. Sweat and tears
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2. _________________
3. __________________
o Chemicals made by
____________________________
______
o ________________________ with
viruses infecting other cells
D. Thermal Warfare (destroy enemy)
1. _________
o Infection causes body to make
______________.
o Some interleukins are pyrogens
o _________________ travel to hypothalamus, which triggers the
hypothalamus to ________________ body temperature
o The proteins and enzymes in pathogens are “__________” or
denatured.
III. Our Second Line of Defense
(_______________________________)
“I.D., Capture and Disarm the enemy”
A. Our immune system recognizes a pathogen (the
enemy) by its “uniform” (surface
______________)
B. The foreign antigens trigger the
__________________ to divide and multiply
C. Some of the B-cells become plasma cells and
produce __________________.
1. Antibodies are _____________________ which stick
to the pathogen’s antigens
2. They ___________________ the pathogen –
deactivating it.
D. Other B –lymphocytes become __________________
and remember what the enemy looks like.
1. They’ll keep a lookout in case the same pathogen shows up again. (____________)
IV. Our Third Line of Defense
(________________________)
The enemy is a spy and must be killed!
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A. I.D. the enemy
1. ____________________ (which become macrophages)and ________________
“eat” (________________) pathogen
2. These cells then display the enemy’s “uniform” (___________) to the other
immune cells, teaching them what the enemy looks like
3. Helper T-lymphocytes learn what the enemy looks (learn it’s antigens) and signal
_________________________ to attack
4. Killer T-lympocytes can find the spies (pathogens that have ________________
our body cells and now are hiding out)
5. The Killer T-lymphocytes attach to infected body cells and kill the cells by releasing
____________________ which puts holes in the cell membrane
6. Suppressor T-lymphocytes ______________ the immune response – give signal
enemy is gone.
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Lymphatic System (use text)
Chapter 13.1 – page 254+
1.
Name _________________________ P. __ Date_______
The 3 main functions:
a. ____________________ - lymphatic vessels lie near capillaries and take up fluid
that has left the capillaries.
b. _____________________ - absorbs fat from the _________________ tract
and takes it to the _________________.
c. ____________________ - helps defend the body against ______________ with
the help of ___________ blood cells.
2. The lymphatic vessel system is a __________ system which begins with the lymphatic
____________. The fluid flowing through the lymphatic vessels is _____________.
3. What is the link between the lymphatic system and metastasis of cancer?
4. Disease is a ________________________________ and may be do to _____________.
5. The lymphatic organs contain large numbers of _____________________.
Indicated where the structure is located and briefly explain how the following structures are
involved with the lymph/immune system and what happens if the structure doesn’t function
correctly.
6. Red Bone Marrow –
7. Thymus Gland –
8. Spleen –
9. Lymph Nodes –
10. Lymphatic Nodules –
e
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REVIEW FOR CHAPTERS 11 AND 13
For secret phrase at the end, first number in ( ) = letter in term to use and second
number = where to place in secret phrase spaces. For example if term is “blood,”
(3,12) means an “o” needs to go in space #12.
Blood Components, Types, Functions, and Blood Diseases
1. _______________________, ____________________,
__________________and _______________________
are all functions of blood.
2. ________________________ (1, 2) (2,30) is caused by
trypanosomes, transmitted by the tse-tse fly, in the
blood which depletes energy and can be deadly.
3. _______________________ is caused by protozoa
which invade the erythrocytes and cause chills and
extreme flu like symptoms. This mosquito transmitted
disease kills millions each year.
4. A ruptured vessel in the brain can cause a
_____________(4, 14), which depletes oxygen to a portion
of the brain causing damage.
5. Fluid accumulation due to blocked lymph vessels can
cause ___________________(2, 12).
African Sleeping Sickness
Agglutination
Anemia
Antibodies
Antigens
Blood type
Edema
Elephantiasis
Erythrocytes
Fights infection
Gas and nutrient transport
Hemoglobin
Iron
Leukemia
Leukocytes
Malaria
Oxygen
Plasma
Platelets
Prevents hemorrhage
Rh antigens
Sickle-cell anemia
Stroke
Temperature regulation
Tissue
6. ____________________(6, 25), a genetic disease, results
in extreme fatigue because the misshapen erythrocytes cannot carry oxygen as
effectively and easily rupture in the capillaries.
7. A person with low iron levels will have less hemoglobin and light red
erythrocytes. They will feel tired. They probably suffer from ________________.
8. A large number of immature leukocytes in a blood sample may diagnosed as the
cancer known as ____________________(7, 34).
9. Filarial worms block the lymph vessels and cause extreme swelling in the
disease of ____________________(8, 19).
10. A person with B- _________________ (4, 6) has B _________________(2, 26) on
the surface on his erythrocytes (rbcs) but no _____________________.
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11. A person with O type blood has both anti A and anti B __________________
(last, 13) in her blood.
12. If Holly with A type blood receives B type blood in a transfusion, Holly’s anti-B
antibodies will stick to the antigens on the B blood cells and cause
_______________ to happen. The blood will clump up and not flow. This is
deadly.
13. The ____________________(3, 5), or red blood cells, contain
__________________ (last, 36) which makes them red, has ________, and is a
protein which helps to carry ____________.
14. Water and dissolved nutrients, like amino acids and glucose, make up
______________(1, 21), the fluid portion of blood.
15. The tiny __________________ will clump up to stop bleeding.
16. The white _________________ (8, 27) are involved with fighting infections.
17. Blood is a type of connective _____________.
Hematopoiesis, Capillary Transport and Hemostasis
18. In the ________________ (last, 1)of certain bones are blood
____________________ which can create all of the blood cells.
19. Oxygen and glucose gets transferred from the blood to the
tissue cells through the _____________________(8, 22).
Arteriole
Blood pressure
Capillaries
Coagulation
Fibrin
Osmotic pressure
Platelets
Red marrow
Stem cells
Thrombin
Vasoconstriction
Venule
Wastes
20. At the _________________ end, ____________________(4, 20)
is greater than the __________________________(10, 23) so
nutrients in the blood are pushed out of the blood. At the
_______________(3, 11) end the osmotic pressure is greater than the blood
pressure so cellular _____________ are pushed into the blood.
21. The first step of hemostasis (ceasing blood loss from a break in a vessel) is
_______________________(1, 24), which reduces the amount of blood reaching
the rupture.
22. The second step of hemostasis involves the plugging of the rupture by
____________.
23. The last step of hemostasis is clot formation or ______________________(9, 28).
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24. Platelets release chemicals which eventually cause _______________ to
convert fibrinogen into ________________(4, 8), a protein which acts like a net
over the platelets.
Immune Response and Lymphatic System
25. ____________________(6, 16) diseases are caused by pathogens and can be
transmitted through the air, by contact with body fluids, by a __________, or
through contaminated ________ or water.
26. ___________________(6, 15), a protein that is part
of the nonspecific immune response, interferes with
the ability of a virus to enter a cell and replicate.
27. By fooling your body into thinking it is infected, a
_________________, made of inactive pathogens,
triggers your body to make antibodies against a
specific pathogen.
28. _______________ (5, 3) are very simple pathogens
that attach to cells, invade cells, take over cells,
copies itself, and eventually destroy the cells.
29. Barriers to infections, like your skin, or monocytes,
which phagocytize any pathogen, are examples of
___________________________________(1, 29).
Bacteria
Cell mediated immune response
Fat
Food
Heat
Helper T cells
Histamine
Humoral immune response
Infectious
Inflammatory response
Interferon
Killer T cells
Lymphatic system
Macrophages
Mast
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Non-specific immunity
Pathogen
Pus
Redness
Thymus
Tissues
Vaccine
Vector
Viruses
30. The _______________________________(18, 18)
occurs whenever tissue is damaged. The damaged
tissue contains __________ (4, 33) cells which
release _____________ to trigger the surrounding capillaries to dilate and bring
more blood to the scene. Soon large numbers or neutrophils and monocytes
appear at the scene. Monocytes will morph into __________________ (5, 35)
which can devour any pathogens. The increased blood flow to the damaged area
creates _______________ and ____________.
31. Dead tissue cells, bacteria, water, plasma, and living white blood cells form a
mixture called ________________(3, 37).
32. A _______________________ is any disease causing organism.
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33. The _______________________________________ (2, 7) involves the formation
of antibodies by the B cells due to the exposure of the B cells to pathogenic
antigens or to signals from macrophages.
34. In a cell-mediated response, ________________________ (2, 31) are responsible
for sending the alert signals which then trigger the killer T-cells to react.
35. ___________________ and ____________________ are cells that are involved
in the non-specific immune response. They both phagocytize pathogens.
36. ___________________(last, 10) are pathogens which kill cells by releasing toxins.
37. Killer T-cells, memory T-cells, and suppressor T-cells are all involved in the
_______________________________________ (1, 32).
38. _________________ (5, 17) secrete perforin which can destroy cancer cells or
infected cells.
39. The ______________(2, 4), an organ above the heart, is responsible for the
development of the T-cells (t-lymphocytes). It is larger in children since they
have yet to build up their immune systems.
40. The _____________________________(5, 9) is involved with collecting excess
fluid from _________________, storing t-lymphocytes (immune cells) and
absorbing ___________ from the intestines.
___ ___ ___ ___
1 2 3 4
___ ___
19 20
___ ___ ___ ___
5 6 7 8
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
9 10 11 12 13
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
14 15 16 17 18
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ __!
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
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(ATTENTION – THE MAKE-UP TEST FOR THOSE OF YOU MISSING JUST THE
TEST DAY WILL BE AN ESSAY-FORM TEST)
Keep This in Mind Chapters 11 & 13
Chapter 11: Good Study Questions #’s 2-4, 6-9; Objective
Questions #’s 1-10
Chapter 13: Good Study Questions #’s 1-5a, 7-8; Objective Questions #’s 1-13
Know:
1. All about hemoglobin –
2. How blood type is determined and how the test results look to tell which type of blood your sample is.
3. Where and how wastes, carbon dioxide, water, and sugar are moved out or into the blood.
4. The functions of the lymphatic system.
5. What blood transports.
6. Where the thymus is and what it does.
7. How vaccines are made and what they do to the body.
8. What pus is made of.
9. When histamine is released and what it does.
10. What pathogens are and how they are spread.
11. What antibodies are, what makes them, and what they do.
12. What do we use antibiotics for?
13. The causes and effects of elephantiasis, stroke, edema, hemophilia, leukemia, malaria, and anemia.
14. The other name for red blood cell and platelet
15. What agglutination is.
16. What infectious disease means.
17. The roles of the spleen thymus, lymph nodes and bone marrow in the immune system.
18. How cancers cells are detected and destroyed by your body.
19. What is the job of the white blood cells?
20. Whether blood is a tissue, organ, or cell.
21. What eosnophils and monocytes do to pathogens and how B-cells, and antibodies are involved with the
humoral response.
22. The sequence of events in hemostasis.
23. Which structures or cells are involved with nonspecific immunity.
24. 4 difficulties involved with organ transplants.
25. What a virus does to your cells.
26. 4 functions of blood.
27. Where do all blood cells come from in the body and what is the name of the “original” blood cell that all
blood cells come from.
28. Know which blood types a certain blood type can accept for a donor, and which blood types can donate to
various recipients.
29. Which blood cell triggers the cell mediated response.
30. Which blood cell can remember a pathogen’s antigens.
31. What interferon is and does.
32. Know the characteristics shown in the blood for – leukemia. Sickle – cell anemia, normal blood, Malaria,
and African sleeping sickness.
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