STA NDARD 6 .0 - DE M ON ST RATE A N UN DE RSTANDI NG OF T H E
C ON F LI CT BE T W E EN T RA DI T I ONALI SM A N D P ROG RE SSI VISM I N
T H E 1 9 2 0 S A N D T H E E C ON OM I C C OLLA P SE A N D T H E P OLI T I CA L
RE SP ON SE TO T HE E C ON OM I C C RI SI S I N T HE 1 9 3 0 S
Opening:
Complete pages 227230 in your Reading
Study Guide. What
you do not finish
should be completed
for homework.
Work Period:
 FDR’s New Deal Notes
 Activity: Circle Map
 Great Depression
Notes
 Activity: Political
Cartoon
Closing:
Quiz
OBJECTIVE
Analyze President Franklin D.
Roosevelt’s New Deal as a
response to the economic
crisis of the Great Depression
A NEW DEAL FIGHTS THE DEPRESSION
 The 1932 presidential
election showed that
Americans were clearly
ready for a change
 Republicans renominated Hoover
despite his low approval
rating
 The Democrats
nominated Franklin
Delano Roosevelt
ROOSEVELT WINS OVERWHELMING
VICTORY
 Democrat Roosevelt,
known popularly as FDR,
was a 2-term governor of
New York
 FDR was a distant cousin
of Teddy Roosevelt
 The Democrats also won
huge victories in the house
and senate
 Greatest Democratic
victory in 80 years
FDR easily won the 1932 election
FDR LAUNCHES NEW
DEAL
FDR promised a “new
deal” of relief and
recovery for the
American people
He took office with a
flurry of activity known
as “The Hundred Days”
The 100 Days lasted
from March to June
1933
FDR’S NEW DEAL
 Three R’s: Relief, Recovery
and Reform
 NOT an attempt to introduce
socialism! (Many argue that
capitalism was saved)
 Alleviated some suffering
and offered hope, but did
not solve the problems of
the Depression.
 Massive government
spending during World War II
actually ended the
Depression.
TO DO LIST: #1- HELP BANKS
 First order of business was to
get the banking system in order
 On March 5, one day after taking
office, FDR declared a bank
holiday
 His first fireside chat he
encouraged people to trust in
banks.
 He persuaded Congress to pass
the Emergency Relief Act, which
authorized the Treasury
Department to inspect the
nation’s banks
AMERICANS GAIN CONFIDENCE IN
BANKS
 Next, FDR passed the GlassSteagall Act which
established the Federal
Deposit Insurance
Corporation
 The FDIC insured account
holders up to $5,000 and set
strict standards for banks to
follow (today = $250,000)
 Regulations were also placed
on the stock market to
prevent the conditions that
led to the crash (Securities
and Exchange Commission
(SEC)
MORE 100 DAYS ACTIVIT Y
 Federal Securities Act:
Required stock info to be
accurate and truthful
 Agricultural Adjustment
Act: (AAA) Raised crop
prices by lowering
production. Actually hurt
sharecroppers and tenant
farmers by taking some
farm land out of production.
 Tennessee Valley Authority:
(T VA) Built dams to
generate electricity which
created jobs for thousands
of people
TV
A
MORE ALPHABET AGENCIES
 CCC – Civilian Conservation
Corps put young men to
work ages 18 to 25
building roads, parks,
planting trees (200 million
trees in Dust Bowl areas)
 By 1942 three million men
worked for the CCC
CCC crew clearing a roadside, Boise National
Forest, Idaho
ALPHABET
AGENCIES
PWA workers construct a public
building in Hartford, Connecticut
 PWA –Public Works
Administration built
bridges, hospitals,
schools and air fields.
 WPA-Works Progress
Administration provided
work to thousands of
writers, artists and
actors and set the
precedent for federal
support of the arts
ACTIVIT Y ONE
 Choose one of the
New Deal programs
and create a circle
map
defining/describing
that program.
CRITICS EMERGE-LIBERALS
 Liberals (left) felt FDR’s
program was NOT doing
enough to redistribute
income and help the
elderly and poor
 Labor unions wanted right
to bargain collectively
Typically workers and labor
unions
CRITICS EMERGE-CONSERVATIVES
 Conservatives (right) felt
that government
intervention was TOO much
and interfered with our
free market economy
(socialist) and too
expensive.
 Compared him to fascist
leaders in Europe because
he placed too much power
in the federal government.
 Typically wealthy business
owners
SUPREME COURT REACTS
 By the mid-1930s, the
conservative Supreme
Court struck down several
New Deal programs as
unconstitutional (citing too
much government control
over industry)
 The Court also struck down
the AAA on the grounds
that agricultural was a
local matter -- not a
federal matter
The Supreme Court -- 1935
FDR REGAINS CONTROL OVER
SUPREME COURT
From the mid to late
1930s, FDR was able to
appoint 7 new judges to
the Supreme Court
(“court-packing”), thus
assuring that his
programs would carry on
unopposed
Did not overturn any
subsequent New Deal
Reforms
SOCIAL SECURITY
ACT
 One of the most important
achievements of the New
Deal era was the creation of
the Social Security System
 The Social Security Act,
passed in 1935, had 3
parts:
Old-Age Pension
Unemployment
compensation
Aid to families with
dependent children &
disabled (welfare)
SOCIAL SECURITY ACT
 Workers pay into the plan for
protection against
unemployment and
retirement.
 Did not cover all workers, but
became most significant and
enduring part of New Deal.
 Did nothing to immediately
aid the recovery from the
Depression (took money from
paychecks)
 Conservative critics say its
evidence of going too far and
laying the foundation for the
welfare state.
CONGRESS PROTECTS WORKERS
 In 1938, Congress
passed the Fair Labor
Standards Act which set
maximum hours at 44
per week and minimum
wage at 25 cents per
hour
 Fair Employment
Practices Act gave
workers right to unionize
and bargain collectively
TAXES
 Large incomes and estate
taxes as well as taxes on
corporate profits were
raised to fund New Deal
programs
 Wealthy heavily criticized
New Deal
 FDR responded by cutting
spending in 1937 which
led to the recession of
1937.
 Unemployment rates went
back up
NEW DEAL AFFECTS
MANY GROUPS
 Did not do enough to protect
women and African Americans
 During Depression women had
to “use it up, wear it out, make
it do or do without.”
 First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt
was relied on-championed
Marian Anderson to give
concert at Lincoln Memorial
 FDR appointed Frances Perkins
as America’s first female
cabinet member (Labor)
Eleanor & Franklin
NEW DEAL AFFECTS WOMEN
 Had to find work to help
their families (some
thought they were taking
jobs from men)
 CCC limited to men, most
programs hired men
instead of women.
 Some allowed for a lower
minimum wage for women
 SSA did not provide
coverage for many women.
Eleanor &
Franklin
AFRICAN AMERICANS
DURING THE NEW DEAL
 Last hired, first fired
 Suffered discrimination
and racial hostility
 48% were unemployed in
1933, not protected by
New Deal programs
 Many were sharecroppers
and tenant farmers
 CCC and T VA racially
segregated
AFRICAN AMERICANS GAIN
POLITICAL POSITIONS
FDR appointed
over 100 African Americans to
positions within the
government
 He regularly consulted the
“Black Cabinet”
 Mary McLeod Bethune headed
the division of Negro Affairs
of the NYA
 Despite these gains, FDR was
never fully committed to Civil
Rights
Bethune
AFRICAN AMERICANS
DURING THE NEW DEAL
 After African Americans
threatened a march on
Washington, a
commission was
established to protect
the rights of African
American workers in
wartime industries .
 More northern blacks
began to vote for the
Democratic Party.
THE NEW DEAL…
 Recognized the role of
labor unions
 Established minimum
wage and maximum
work hours
 Was a continuation of
progressive movements
 Was a precursor to the
reform movements of
the 1960s
ACTIVIT Y TWO
Complete “Show
what you know” on
page 104 of the
Coach book.
Remember, do not
write in the book!
CLOSING
 Quiz