1
COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF STABILIZED
MBO RESIDUAL SOILS, AKWA IBOM STATE-NIGERIA.
BY
UDO, ESSIEN AKPAN
PG / M.Sc. / Ph.D / 03 / 34340
TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
NSUKKA, NIGERIA
2
!
"
'
!+ '
!
'
/
# $ % &' $
,
!
'
+ -
.
!
!
+
$ () $)*)*(
/
+
"
"
/
!!
+
00000000000000
-&
000000000000000000
. 1 2 3 2
-&
.
00000000000000
.1
" /
' !+
.
.
00000000000000
- .
-&
.
00000000000000
- 4
! 4
.
3
"
'
'
% % +
'! /
+!
!
"
'
4
5
"
4
!
'
67
+
!! "
"
/!
!
'
/
'
!
!
''
!
' "
-
.
1
2
&
3
2
''
8 "
'
' #
-
/!
2
!
'
9#
9
!
8
/! % + #
.
+ !
+ 8 '
'
"
/
8
' !!+
"
.
'
+
/!
" :
8
!+
&
% +#
.
-
'
/
8
'
+
-
&'
'
/!
!+
!
!+
"
!!9 '!
-
!" +
/
. 1
'
'
# %
8
'
/
/
'
!
'
#
' !+
/! % + #
!
/!
8
'
5
%
+
!!
!!
!
' !
+#
+
: 3
"2
8
9
'!
-
'
'
.
+
8
/
/
!+
/!
!
/
'
!
'
!
" !! '
'
!+
%
'
"
% ++
8
+
"+
"
'
''
"
#
! /!
'
7
"
%
!
7 /
/
+ 8
% + #
'
- /
.
!
/ '
''
"
'
+;
'!
'
'
& !
+
8
#
'
%
% +
'! /
!
4
"
'
8
% + #
!
+
!
+ !
!
'
!
'
&
4' !;
8
''
!+
!
1
!
/
% +
&
'
' !
'
8
+
!9
6
" +
"
/
!
2 ! % +
!
'
'
%
+ / !
+
/
+
"
/
"
!
% +#
!!+
#
; /
!
!
' !
3
/
+
! /!
!
/
+
'
'
"
8
/
'!
% +
< #!
<&
%
%/ 7 ' ! #
"
'
'
'
! +
/
"
%/
!
!
'
!
!/
!
+
'
!
!
"
/
'
4
" !!
!! "
'
!
9
' !!+
,
+
!
!
'!
'
"
!!
+
'
/
'
!
"
!
'
''
'
'
!!
/9/
' !!+ / '
'
/+
'
9& //
'
'
"
8 "
+
'
'
/!
/
7
!
'
&
!
9
!
'
/9/
"
/!2
! '
!/
'
'
+ "
,
'+ !
!
- .
,
+
3
!
!
/+
'
!
=
/!2
'
/
&.
+ '
"
!+
!!+
!
"
!
&
22 !
"
!
'
'
! '' !
'
A
>?$*(? '
$
'
A$>@
! "
'
!
'
!3
!
B>($B@C
+
'
>? 9 @? "
!
!
/
'
!
!
!
!'
!
'
!
!
'
!
'
4'
%/
'
'
+
/!2
!
/9/
-
>@
!
"
'
+
'
!'
+
' !!+
4
/!
/
'
"
'
/!+
/!
'
' !!+
!
!
- < .
/
'
'
"
/
"
' !!+
- % .
' !
!'
'
'
'
3
<
!
'
!
'
/!
!!
'
'
!
.
/
+
!! !
+ -%
'
!
"
'
!
/!
'
'
'
+
8
"
<
4
!
'
'
!
'
" !
4
&
/!2
+
'
'
!
!
! '
'
'
'
/
'
!
/
<
&
+
/
%/
!
!
9
BB#
!
B
B>
!& !
>
B)&
/!
B(
B*
/: '
&
+
B>
BD&
' '
&
+
B)
BC
&'
+
B)
BA
7
+
B*
>B
'
BD
>>
4
%/
!& !
>A
>)
!
%/
>@
!& !
10
>*
!
'
)B
>D< '
!& !
)C
>C& !&
+
8
" +
'
)@
>A
!
'
*(
>AB
'
'
*D
>A>
'
!
'
*C
>A)
!
<
*A
>@& !& /!2
*G
>@B% '
' !& /!2
CB
>@>
>@)
' !& /!2
C*
& /!2 & !
CG
E < F
11
>@*%4
& !
AA
>@D% '
& !
& /!2
A@
>@C<
& /!2
AG
>@A7
& /!2
@B
> @ @ !+
& /!2
@D
>G
!& !
@C
) B %/
!
G(
)>=
+
GD
))
&
GA
)*
G@
!& !
12
)D7
B(B
)C7 ,
7
B(B
)A !
'7
B()
)@
'
& /!2
B()
)@B !
% '
' !
'
B(* ) @ > =
+
& /!2
B(D
)@)
&
& /!2
B(C
)@*
+
!
& /!2
B(A
)@D7
& /!2
B(@
)@C
9
&
-'
B(G
)@A
'
BB(
.& /!2
13
)@@
'
&
BB>
* B %/
!& ! !
'
BB)
*>
'
& /!2
'+ 7
%/
!& !
BBA
*)
'
'
%/
!& !
B>G
**=
+
& /!2
B)>
*D
&
& /!2
B)*
*C
+
!
& /!2
B)C
*A7
& /!2
B)@
* @ %/
!& !
3&
& /!2
B*(
*G
B*G
'
3 %/
!& !
&
14
* B(
'
3 %/
!& !
BD*
* BB
!+
!
3&
& /!2
BDG
* B>
'
&
3 %/
!& !
3
&
BC>
* B) % !
!
!
%
!
!+
BC@
* B* H !
+
<
,
B@>
* BD H !
+
& ,
B@*
* BC &
'
!
+
B@A
* BA
!
<
&
B@G
* B@
BG>
&
' '
!
'
15
DB !
'
'+ 7
BG*
D>
'
!
& /!2
BG*
D)=
+
& /!2
BGD
D*
&
& /!2
BGD
DD !
& /!2
BGC
DC7
& /!2
BGC
DA
3&
& /!2
BGA
D@
'
BGA
DG% !
!
!
BG@
BGG
%
!
16
%/
!& !&
!
!
'
>BB
<
!
% '
' !
'
%/
! & !&
!
>B>
&
'! & 2
/
>B)
B
%/
!
& !
%/
!
=
+
!
'
!
'
!
'
!
'
>B*
D
& !
&
>B@
G
%/
!
& !
>>>
B)
%/
!
& !
7
>>C
B
%/
!
%/
!
& !
=
+
& /!2
>)(
D
& !
&
& /!2
>)*
G
%/
!
& !
& /!2
>)@
B)
>*>
%/
!
& !
7
& /!2
17
BA
%/
!
& !
9&
& /!2
>*C
>D
'
<
>D@
)A
'
&
>A(
% !
>AC
!
9!
+
18
7
/!
/!
BB
&
+
'
+
'!
'
'
/+
"
'
+
'
E
5
I
%
BGG@
&
I
8
BGG@
<&DG)(
BGGGF
! -'!
C>(B.
G
B>
& ' '
'
!
BB
)B
+ ' !
%/
!
!
GC
)>
+ ' !
+
!
' !
+
!
B((
))
B((
)*
7 /
+ &
& /!2
& !
BBB
*B
BB*
!
'
%/
!
& !
&
!
19
*>
%/
! & !
=
+
3 &
!
B
BBD
*)
'+ 7
!'
=
+
BB@
**
'+
7
!'
&
B>(
*D
'+ 7
!'
+
!
B>>
*C
'+
7
!'
7
B>)
*A
%/
! & !
'
!
B)(
*@
%/
! & !
3 &
& /!2
3 &
7 '
B
B*B
* G %/
!& !
3&
& /!2
3&
! 7 '
>
B*)
* B(
%/
7 '
)
!& !
B*D
3&
& /!2
3&
!
!
20
* BB
%/
7 '
*
* B>
&
!& !
3&
& /!2
3&
!
B*A
'
'
3 %/
!& !
&
3
'
'
3 %/
!& !
&
3
'
'
3 %/
!& !
9&
'
'
3 %/
!& !
9&
! 7 '
>
BD(
* B)
&
! 7 '
*
BD>
* B*
!
7 '
>
BDD
* BD
7 '
*
BDA
* BC
3 !
3&
BDG
* BA
BCB
!+ J !
&
& /!2
& /!2
!
21
* B@
'
&
&
A
9 %/
!& !
+ '
3&
! 7 '
B
BC*
* BG
'
&
&
A
9 %/
!& !
+ '
3&
! 7 '
*
BCD
* >(
'
&
&
>@
9 %/
!& !
+ '
3&
! 7 '
B
BCC
* >B
'
&
&
>@
9 %/
!& !
+ '
3&
BCA
* >> =
+
& /!2
%
4
BCG
* >)
&
& /!2
%
4
BA(
* >*
+
!
& /!2
%
4
& /!2
%
4
BAB
* >D
3&
BA>
* >C
BA)
&
%
4
A
+
! 7 '
*
22
* >A
&
%
4
>@
+
BA*
* >@ % !
!
H !
+
-,
/!2
H
/!
%
<
H
/!
%
<
H
/!
%
<
.
BAC
* >G % !
H !
!
/!2
.
BAA
* )( % !
H !
!
-'
9
'
/!2
!
H
.
BA@
* )B % !
H !
-'
/!
%
&
9
'
/!2
!
H
A
+ '
.
B@(
* )> % !
H !
-'
%
&
9
'
B@B
/!
/!2
>@
+ '
.
23
* )) H !
+
<
,
*B
+
<
,
*>
+
<
,
*)
+
& ,
**
+
& ,
*D
B@>
* )* H !
B@)
* )D H !
B@*
* )C H !
B@D
* )A H !
B@C
7
BB
C
'
!
'
24
B>
&'
'
>((C.
!
'
-
6 ! +
A
>B
!!
'
!
H
!
BA
>>
'
!
' !
!
! -
# 6
/
BGD@.
)(
>)
! '!
'
! "'
!
)>
>*
! '!
'
! "'
'
!
))
)B
#
!
)>
?
'!
/
%/
! G*
#
?
'!
/
GG
*B
'+ !
%/
!
!
!
'
BBC
*>
H
'
'+ !
H
'
'+ !
!'
,
+
-&=.
B>D
*)
B>C
!'
-& .
25
**
H
'
'+ !
!'
+
!
!
-&7.
'
-& .
B>A
*D
H
'
'+ !
!'
B>@
*C
!
!
'
'
!
'
B)B
*A
!
!
,
+
/!2
B))
*@
!
!
/!2
B)D
*G
!
!
+
!
'
/!2
!
!
/!2
B)A
* B(
!
B)G
* BB
!
!
'
3
/!2
3 ! '
B
!
!
'
3
/!2
3 ! '
>
!
!
'
3
/!2
3 ! '
)
B*>
* B>
B**
* B)
B*C
26
* B*
!
!
'
3
/!2
3! '
*
B*@
* BD
'
'
3
!
!
3! '
>
'
'
3
!
!
3! '
*
'
'
3
!
!
'
3! '
>
'
'
3
!
!
'
3 !! '
*
BDB
* BC
BD)
* BA
BDC
* B@
BD@
* BG
A
+ '
3! '
B
A
+ '
3! '
*
BC*
* >(
BCD
* >B
>@
+ '
3! '
B
>@
+ '
3! '
*
BCC
* >>
BCA
* >)
!
H '
<
!
,
*B
!
H '
<
!
,
*>
BGB
* >*
BGB
27
* >D
!
H '
<
!
!
H '
A9 +
H '
>@9 +
,
*)
BGB
* >C
,
**
* >A
!
BG>
!
,
&
&
!
* D BG>
!
!
" "
## $ ! "
( %& #"'
%
&
## $ ! "
!
%& #"'
"
% '
!
!
&
8&
&
8
+
+
'
/
!
!
!
'
B
#
+
'
%
!
!!
!
!
!
28
<H
<
H
+
<
!
'
<
'
+
# &
'
'
'
#! / !
&
&+
'
%
&
% 4
+
%
+
%
<
!
6 &
6
8
!
<
'
&
' 8
+!
75
7
< &
<
5!
'
4+
5
%
&
! &!
5!
#
% '
'9
' !
#
%
%)
%
%
!
!
!
' +
!
/ 4+! !
+! ' !! !
29
%
!+ ' +!
!+
H&
4
H !
' &" !!
%
!+ ' +!
%<
!+ ' +!
%%
7
H
&
&
&7
&!
!
*+* ,
<
%4
7H
%
/!
!
!
4
!
' +
4
4
!'
' +
'
"
&
+!
' !
/
!
'
/
'
!
"
!
!
%/
%/
!
"
/
7 ' !
30
#
"
&
/
!
/
!+
"
'
9
"
''
!!
,
'!
!
" !!
!
'
"
''
!
!!
! !+
'
!!+
:
" !! /
4 !
'
:'
'
!
" !!
" '
,
" !!
'
+
'
"!
'
!
' !
' !
:'
9
!
*+-
'
/ "
!
'
'
'
!!
'
B( )>
- ! " !! .
9
' !
'
&
+
BC
+
4
!
& //
/
8
+
"
+
'
'!
"
9
BB (((
'
'!
! '
AC
!
!
&
"!
! "
%/
. !' " ' " & ! "
!
!
!! "
"
'
'
/
!!+
'
'
9
<
31
! 4
<
'
/
5
/
9
K
/
'
'
'
!
'
!
!
"
"
!
!
!
!
'
!
! .
!+
'
'
-
!!+
" '
'
+
!
. & '
" '
!+
9
!+
'
! " '
+
'! +
!
!
!
!+
4
!+
/! +
!!+
' !!+
BG@>F
'
!
! '
'
E< "!
9
!
!; /
!
B>
!
!
'
!
BB
'
'
!
'
'
-
/
'
>((CF
+
BG@)
9
'
!
+
E !
9'
!
'
!+
'
"
E
!
D(?
BGADF 7
/
! 4
/+ !
/!
'!
J
' !
'
/!
/
32
/! +
/
'
/! +
'
'!
$
!
4
!+
"
'
"
'
!
;
!
"
'!
/! +
! "
!
!!
/
! "
! "!+
9
4 /
'
'
!/
!E
: >((*F
'
'
!+
/
%
/
' !
!
' !+
''
!
!
2
!+
" !! /
!
!
'
+
!
!
: BG@D BGG)F
!+
'
!
'!
9"
! /!
! E !
!!+
" '
/: '
!
'
!
/
'
! /
'
!/
!
'
!
/! ! ,
!
2
'
'
'
"
'
2
'
/+
'
!
!!+
!
'
!+
'
+
9
'
!!
!
'
' !!+
%/ 7 ' ! #
/
'
'
'
<
%
!
'
!'
'
"
!
!
+
33
%/
!
!
,
'
!
!'
/!
!
! "
EH
<
!
! BG@>
"
!
2
! BG@> % ' !!
!
! >((C 7 /
!' /! +
2
/: '
!
" +
!
4
!!
!!
' '
'
/
!
!'
E# /
!!
9
+
"
/
&
& //
"
:
&
" !! /
"
'
"
6 77 "
!+
%/
4
/ "
!
!
E ! " !!F
!
!
/
!
:'
''
+
'
''
& //
/: '
!
BGGGF
/
'
'
/ '
/9/
"
! >((C
! >((C F
/ '
"
F
! >((*
! >((C K
"
'
>((* % !
! >((C
'
4
! >((>
! >((D
!
! BGGC
2
! >((D 5
"
/
! BGGC % '
! >((*
BGCG
! BG@> 6 ! +
! >((D 8
7
'
BGCD 7 !
! >((( >((B >((>
! BGG@ >(()
'
!
! BGCB 7
BGGG
!
'
8 "
! BGG> <
%'
%
/
BGD) <
BGG( 7
E
'
!
+
4 !
!!
'
7
34
'
+ 7
/
E
!
"+
!
'
+ ' !
!
E<
'
!
2
2 "
'
+ ' !
'
!
!
/+
!
' !"
!'
/+
"
!
!
+ ' !
' !
+ '
' ! !
' !"
'
'
/!
'
'
+ ' !
!
!'
2
'
BGGGF
'
'
!
"
'
4 !
+ ' ! "
&
!
/
!
"
F
'
'
' ! "
!!
/+
!
/
'
'
!+
'
35
&
!
!
!
'
9
! +
!
'
&
9
+
7
!
'
'
/
B B
'
!
'
!
!!+
'
+ ' !
'
' !"
!
!
9
!
!
%
/!
+
!
36
&
-+
+
$
& ! !
'
!
!!+ '
'
/!
'
/!
'
!
9'
+ '
'
&
- ! $
+
9'
&'
-
+
!
+ ' !
'
'
'
'
6 ! + >((C.
'
'
'
'
! /+ '
!
4
+
/!
+.
'
"
!
'
! / '
!
!
!
!
'
'
.
"
/
.
'
'
!
"
' !
' !
!
!
!
-
'
-'
!
!
/! +
+
.
'
'
!
B>
!
'
!+
'
' !
!2
!
' !
!!
' !!+
" + / ! "
.
"
!
!
!
37
/9/
$
/
!
'
!
/+ 5
!
!
'
I %
'
/!
!
EBG@@F &
/!
EBGCGF
I 8
EBGG@F
/! B B.
!+ "
'
'
!!
'
'
4'
'
' !
" '
/ "
'
/
' !
4 '
!!
E
/+ 7
/+ <& DG)( EBGGGF !+
"
4
! '!
,
!+
!
! >((CF
/! B B &
+
'
+
'!
' /+ "
'
'
E
5
I%
BG@@ &
'
+
I8
BGG@
<& DG)( BGGGF
&
#
HB
&
'
!
!
!
!
'
!
!
38
&
7
H/
!
H
!+
6
& !
BH /
8
BH
6
BBB
&
+
!+
H
6
/!+
6
!!+
BB
7
!+
%
5
"
&!
!+
<
5
6
6
B
"
"
L
!
!
"
/!
/9/
!
2
!
'
'
/
!
'
'
'
+
!
!
'E
"
0
'
+
!
"
! &
$
! " '
/
*+/
BH
"# ' & +
!
&
'
! E6 ! + BGG(F
>((*F
+
39
! '
/
'
/!
/9/
'
& //
''
'
'
,
"
'
/
:'
'
,
/
! %
+
B >.
"
'
!
'
'
'
/+
EBGA)
BGGAF -
/
%
!
"
/
" '
-<
%
!
'
+
/!
/
!
" +
!
!
!+
:'
/+
'!
/! B >J &
&
'
'
'
"
'!
+ -1 <.
! -'!
%
!
<
-?.
C>(B.
%
'
"
'
'
!
!
"
/
'
<
"
'
/
,
1
/
'
! /!
!
!
.
"
,
! '
"
'
6
< !!
'
9
/!
"
!
"
"
!
+
/!
/
!
40
B
<
'
9
+
!
@(
! /
+
!
-
.
> <
/
'
-'
/!2
!.
-'
@(
/+
I
)
& /9/
*
& /9
!
'
%6 -BGA) BGGA.
.
-
.
)(
D9BB
!
''
4
'
/+
/!2
.
< %
/!
'!
!
'
!
!
:
"
!!+
'
!
'
'
!
'
%/
/
!
:
" !!
"
'
! +
& /!2
"
! M
'
' !!+
'
'
! & !N '
/
/
'
'
'
"
!
41
*+1
#2
'
$
'
"
0
. %+
2
%/
!
! "
,
!
'
!L
/
" !!
' !
/: '
'
/
!
+
' !!+
'
2
'
+
/
' !
%/
!
'
' /
&
!
J
/ &
'
'
"
' !
!
/
'
' ! +
!'
!
/!2
+
!!+
'
!
!
*+3
4
!
"
+
0
. %+
/
'
%/
''
'
/
'
/+
!
!
!
4
" !!
"
42
/
'!
!L
'
'
' ! !
'!
!
!
'
/
+ ' !
!+
/
' !
" !!
!
'
'
!
'
'
'
" !!
' !
' !
"
! ' /!
!
!
%/
+
9& //
'
*+5
"
"
. %
!
'
'
'
!
+
4
!! " J
4 /
9
'
!
4'
!
/ & /: '
'
!
"
<& B)AA
'
!
''
!
''
"
!
! /
BGG(
C>>A
+
! '
%6I8
!
'
'
BGGA
'
!+
/!
,
!
''
/9/
-
!
/!2
/!
'
/
'
! .
'
43
!
!
!2
/!
'
'
2
*+6
&
! "
'
"
. %
'
!
7 ' !#
-+*
!
! /!
"
%/
!+
" .
!
!
"
!
"
' /
/
!
!
!
! /!
44
!
/+
! '
'
! " '
' !
/
'
9
' !"
- '
"
!
/! "
:
+
'
/
.
E
:
!
!
!
/! +
!
+
! BGG>F
'
!!
/!
+
!+ ' !
8
'
!
!
!
!
!
+
!
'
!
!
"
4
"
'
!
/
/
'
!/
"
!
! - !'
!'
/!
'
!.
' !
"
+
:
! E>((CF 4
"
+
!
/+ '
+
'
4
9 4 !
'! +
!
'
!+
!
' !
!
'
! / !
/
!
/! +
6 ! + EBGG(F
!
!
' !
!
/!
+
/
'
'
8 "
!
&
!
!
!+ ' !
'
/ "
!
!
/
! /!
'
!' :
4
'
! /
!!+
!
'
!
'
!
'
!+
'!
!
"
! ' /!
!
"
+
'
!
'
45
!
/ '
!
'
!!
/
/+
!
3
'
+
'
+
'
'
,
'
"
!'
'
+
!
'
!
!
4 !
'
!
/
!
/!
'
+
! ' !
!
!!
!
'
'
!!
/
"
/9
'
/
!! "
!
" !!
!
!
!
!
4
'
4
! ' /!
&
'
' ! !!
'
8 "
!+
!
'
!
'
4
."
!
!
'
+
'
/
'+'! '
, !!+ <
9
'
/+
'
/
'+'!
"
!
/
"
'+
!
-
!
,
!!
3
/+
!
'
+
'
!
!
'
'
'
EBGGCF
' !
>B
'
!
"
'!
2
!
46
> BJ !!
!
&
H &
B9
&
!
>9
&
!
6 !!
)9
&
!
&
/
+ "
! "
& ! !
! E>((CF
'!
'
!
'
'
'
!
%8 %7 &%9%7
&+
'
&% ''
& & & !!
!
! "
!
!+2
!/
!
!
47
9
'
'
!
8
' !
9 !
'
!!
"
!
!
'
!
9
!
"
/
'
"
!
!
' +
/
!
!
/
+ +
'
!
'
/
. " '
!
!'
'
'
2
'
!
!
!
/+
'
' !
' ' !
- '
&
+!
&89
!
% /!
4 !
O
'
'
+
'+ -
!
!
!+
'
!
!
!!+
!!
!
% '
!
/!
" '
4'!
!+ ' !
!
)(.
'
9
!
'
4 !
'!
!
! "
"
!
!
4
'
.
"
/ "
- % .
!
'!
-' !!
!+
"
!! "
'
"
'
!
'
9
!
/
!!
+
! /
'
4
'
3
+
" +
!
/
'
48
7
! E>((DF
'
'
!
'
!
'
9
!+
+
'
/
!
&
!
"
'
!"
/ 4
!
/: '
/!2
!
!
'
9"
! '
"
&
+
!
/ ! '
!
"
!!
!
'
"
'
! /
'
!! + /
+
+
! 4
!
!"
/
'
+ ! "
!
'
'
"
!
"
'
"
!
!'
"
!+
/!
!
&
'
'
!
!! + /
"
+
!
+
'
'
+
'
!
"
!'
'
!
!
!! + /
'"
/ ! ' "
! 4"
!!
!
'
!
!!+
!
/
+
!! + /
!+
'
"
!! + /
'
9
'
!! + /
'
!
'
!
!! + /
! /
!! + /
!
'
!! + /
'
4
!
49
'
!! + /
! '
'
!
!
9
! +
P
/
! E>((>F '
!+
'
!! "
'
!
!
!
'
'
!
!
/ '
!
! "
4
+
&
! < 2!
/
9
+
!
'
!
! /
"
'
/
!
"
'
!
+
!
!
' !/
!2
'
!
!
!
!
/
' !
!
!
!
!
4 !
/
9
+
!
/ '
!
!
! /
!
!
"
'
!+
<
!
!
! EBGGCF
!
9
! 4'
' !
'
!
" 9
!+
!'
!
4'
"
/ "
+
/
+ ' !
'
2
! /
9
'
'
'
'!
/
"
!/
'
+
9
'
'
' !
'!
"
'
!
!
%
9
+
+ ' !
!
50
! "
/
4 !
!
& !
"
!
/ "
&+
!
' +
!
' ' < +
+
"
!
!!+ '
/+ %
9 !
!!+ !
!
" !
'
!
! "
/
H !
'
/
'
'
'
"
'
+
!!
'
&
!
E
!
"
B((
'
"
+
!
!!
/ "
'
"
( B(9( C( %
9'! +
!
!
! "
!
/
!
!'
!!+
'
4 !
'
!
4 '
'
>((
'
' !!+ '
'
4
!
'
'
/!
!+
'
!
!
'
!
!
!
'
"
4 ! '
! >((DF
!
L
" !
!
9
'
"
! !+ 4
'
'
!
'!
"
!!+
!
/ "
B
"
!L
!
!
!
'
'
!L
&
'
!
!
"
"
& #% $6
51
'
9
'
'
!
+ !
! "
+
''
'
"
!
/!
!
!
'
'
! '
/!
/+ % !
,
!
!
!
+
!
'
! !
!+
'
/+
'
'
!!+ '
"
"
!
'
!! '
'
'
<
!
/
!+
!
'
'
'
!
!
!
'
" !
"
!
'
!
'
"
'
"
+"
!
"
'
/: '
'
'
!!
!
!
'
"
"
!
"
!
+ ' !!+
'
!
!
"
'
!
9"
!
'
'
! E>((*F
!
/!
!
!
'
9
'
'!
!
'
!
!
!!
!'
'
'
!
/ "
!
52
'
'
! 6
'
''
!
!
/! +
"
/+ K
! E>((CF
5
'
!
/
!
3 /
'
'
'
:
'
!
!
" !!
'
!
'
'
"
'
' !+
!+
'
' .'
+
/+ "
9'
9 /
'
!
4
4
!+
!
!
!
!
!
/
/
' ! /
'
'
! /
!+
/
! +
!+
! '
' +
!
!
!
9'
' /! /
/
B>(
!
!2
' +
!
''
!+
' .
/
!
!
!
!
'
'
/
/+
>D *
-)((
' !
'
!
"
!
!+
'
+
-)((
!
!
&
! E>(()F
!
/
2
!
' !!
'!
" +
/! +
'
!
,
/! +
! '
5
" !! '' !
" !! +
' '
!+
!
/
" + +
/
/+ ! !
'
' + /
'
53
!
'
"
9'
/
!+
"
!+
'
!
' '
'
!
9'
!+
/
'
'
'
'
!
/
!
'
!
'
'
''
!
" '
! 31 '
" +
!
/!
/!
!
" +$ 4 " +
!'
!
'
!
!
!
!!
!
!
'
!
!
4" +
'
'
!
"
!
!
9
!
'
'
'
'
!
'
/
4" +
/
'
" +
+'
!! !
!
"
'
!
!
!
" !! " !!
'
!
" +$ 4 " + +
BD )
/!
!
! E>((*F 4
!
>B )
! "
"
/
/
6 !!
!
" >*AA
'
% '
"
!+
8
4
/
!
& !!
'
/
/
!! "
'
!
!
'
!
4
>()
!
4" + +
>(9+
! EBGGCF "
'
+
'
!
!
/
54
/
!
'
!
'
,
' !"
'
!+ " !!
'
+
'
!
! "3
'
!
+
'
'
'
'
/!
/
/
!
( C(
( *(
B ((
!
!
!
,
'
/!
!
!
!
' ' !
! !
'
!
9 9
2
!
!
'
/
!
!
!2
"
! /!
'
2
' +"
"
!
!
'
!!+ !
! BGG@F
4
!
!
!
'
"
!
/
E
!
'
( )(
'
!
'
!
/
/
3
-#.
/ .
!
!
'
!
!
! -
!
" !! !! "
'
' $
/
!
"
'
"
- .
!
!
'
' !
!!+
!
'
8 "
+ ' !
'
!+
"
'
,
+
'
!
"
55
+
'!
' ! #
+
!
'
'! +
'
' !
/
>(()F
'
!
'
+
!
'
!
! '
"!
!+ /
! E6
!
!
" !
/+
/+
!
!
!+
/
!
!
!
!
'
E8
''
! >((DF %
'
+
'
" '
!
+
!
!
>(()F
!
'
'
4 /
!
!
!
,
!
/
'
!
!
' !
" +
'
!'
!
+ ' !
!
"
' !
!
" !
"
!
' !
/
+ ' !
' /
!
!
/9
E6
' 9' !
' !
!+
!
'!
' !
/
+
'
!
/
!
' !
+ +
/
' !
!!+
' !
'
4
!
6 !
'
!
' !
'
!
'
!
!'
56
-!
'
.
!Q
/ '
'
'+
-+-
!
/! +
7.
"
4
!
#"
' ! /
/ "
!
'
'!
#
!
.!'
"'
!
!
' !
!
/ ! "
'
,
2
" +
" !
"
"
/
9 4
7 ' !
!
!
!
!
'
E8 ! BGGGF "
4
'
+
9
"
8
'
'
' /
9'! + !
!
'
"
'
!
!
'
%/
!
'
' !+
'
/ '
/9/
'
/
+
/
'
'
,
! E
9
!!
>((
C( E( >D
!+
4
!
4
'
' !
' ' !
*( E( *>D
'!
!+ F
/+
"
!+
( (AD
'!
F
!
!
!
!!
F
'
%/
!+
!
E( BD
4
/
/! "
"
!
B*( E( B(C
F
>( E( @D
9
F
B((
F
B(
57
E> ((
F
* E* AD
F
' '
<& B)AA
BGG(
-+/+
" ' "
#"
!
.!'
!
"'
!'
'
' !+
+
!
!
!"
'
,
'
'
! "
! +
!! +
! & '
'
4 /
!
' " '
!
+
'
" !
'
!
/
'
!
/
'
/
"
!+ ! !
!+
!+
6 !
+
!
'
!!+ ! '
!
+ & "
!J
'
!
+
&
"
'
!
9
/
'
'
!
'
&
!
/
/
"
!
!
'!"
!
!
'
'
! BGAGF
/
'
' ! !+ &
!
' E6
'
'
'
/!
/!
BGD)F
! ! +
4 !
!
EH
!
EBGC)F
" '
4
4
/ '
'
'
!! "
+ ' !
+
58
&
9
&
C
>)
!
AD
&
&
'
6
'
< 2!
%/
!
!
!
! '
!
/
! '
'!
!
'
: !+
/
BD
G
B@
B(
>(
B(
>D
!
'
E
AD
!
BGD@F
"
'
+
<
!
' !'
!
2
!
59
7
!
' !
!
' !
+
' !
B
& !
/+
-
' !
!
.
>
!
!
!
7
<B
"
4
!
!+ !
!
'
2
+/
!+
!
!
'
!
!
!!+
/!
!
"
'
2
2
' !
!
!
,
!
'
' !
'
'
,
'
! /
'
+
'
!
>9B
!
!
! +
!
"
!
'
'
!
!
'
/
"
2
'
!
>9>
"
'
"
!+
'
'
'
9' !
& ! /+
'
!
4
<>
!!+
'
"
!
!+
!
'
!" '
'
' E
' " !! / ' !! '
<
'
>((*F
2
!!
!
60
-+1
4
4 '!
! "
& ! !
!
'
'
&+
'
/
!
"
!
!!+
R<
2
! &9
%9 !
9'! +
'
9
'
'
+
/
+ / !
'! +
! ''
"
' J989
!"
"
'
! " !
>>
& &
+ / !
79
'
! "'
'!
'
J#9
'
'
7
!+
!
+ / !
4
+ / !
!
BGGGS
! /
'!
'!
E & &F "
! "
!
+ ' !
' + " ! &
>)
+
'
61
D(?
'!
O ( (AD T
K
& !
9
& !
'
9
'
677 E
9
677 E
! "'
>)
FO( AD? T
F
K
& !
'
'! +
'
U !
'
T
!
K
& !
'! +
& !
!
!,
!
!
!
%
UD(? T
K
!
& '
' +
!
!
& !
8
'! +
>)
' +
& '
!
' !
& ! !
& !
'
! "
!
!
7
'! +
! "'
!
9
!
62
D(? (
'!
U ( (AD
T
K
& !
'
9
& !
9
'
!
'
U
'
! "'
>>
T
K
& !
!
!
& !
#
!
'! + V !
U B>?
'
O D?
K
&
< "
D?
B>?
K
'! +
'
K
U !
'
T
'! +
K
!
U !
!
!
& '
' !+
!
!
%
#
O*
O)
!
9
U*
"
# 9#
!
#
!
BO
U*
6
"
O)
!
'
!
!
&
!
>9*
6
UC
BO
"
& ! !
O)
'
O)
!
'
& 9&
! "'
UC
9
O)
!
'9
!
& !
#
BO
&69&%
& 9&%
'
BO
!
&69&
"
'
'
BO
#
# 9 #%
#
UC
7
& '
T
!
BO
"
& '
'
K
' '! + +
& '
'
'
"
O)
63
4
"
!
E /' F
!
!
"
!
!
'! +
!
' !!
!
'
F
! !
'
,
N
!
!
'
4
4 E
( A)R677 9 >(S ?
M 9!
F
!
/+
W
' +
6 !
!,
!
>B
/
/ "
! E/ ! "
!
F
'! + E /
'
!
9!
J
W
!
!
( GR677
9
'
/ "
!
!!+
!
!
'
@
S ?X X X X X
!
+
/! E<
' +
!
>>
4
!,
!! /
9!
BGGGF
!
/
'
E
&8
'
F +
+
<
!
4
"
/9/
/
!
/9
/
, ! +
& !
' !
'!
/! '
!
"+
/! '
!
+
"
8
/
"
/+
&
E# /
/+
"+
&8
/
/9
9B
'
'
! 8
'!
'!
BGGGF
' '
"
' /
!
'
!
9A
/
64
'!
2
/
!
7,
"
7
'
E77F
!
/+
4 E# F
' !
!
4E F& !
!
J
# W E 9)DFR( >V( ((D -779*(.S V ( (B - 9BD . 6
' +
9B(.X X X X > )
J
#
W
4
W ?
!
77 W ! ,
'!
!
W !
( (AD
4
' +
"
4 4
/
"
'
"
#
!
9>9C
!+
9>9A
'
'!
+
!
'! +
!
/
!
2
!
#
!!
,
+
!
'!
!
9)
&8
%/
/
77
!
& &
/
,
" !!
<
!
/9
!
!
!
/
/
'
+
!
"
#
"
!
!
9B
9>
'!
/
9)
! '
9B
!
'
!+
" !! /
!2
65
-+3
!
"
"
.!' " '
!
'
E
!
!
!+
BGC>F
!
'
J
7
J
/+
'
'
'
!+
!
8
!+ !
'
!! " J
!
+ '! +
'
'
2
'
!+
'
'
'
&
!
!
! + '! +
! /!
'! +
'
!
'!
!
'
' !
& ! J
'! + '
"
%
'
' J
!
'
,
'
4
!
!! "
!+
/!
!
!
!
! +
!
!
&
/
'
'!
+
/
/
'
"
'
!
!
& '
4
'
' '
' ' !
'
!
+
/!
"+
!
!
'!
'
/
'
'
!
/9/
!
66
!
" !! / '
!+
'
'!
'
' F '
'
'
'
3E
!
<
)D
''
"
8
/!
+ '
! E>((DF
'
!
!
'
'
!
E
!! '
!
!
!!
'
/
'
#
! "
'
'
!
!
!
'
/
! "
"
'
/ ! "
"
BH
'
!
+
/
/
+ "
'
!
!!+ !
!!
'
'
'
!! "
'
E
'
!
F
!!
'
!! '
!
8 "
'
!+
F
'
'
!!
& '
'
'
& '
!
!
'
'
'
!
!!+
'
"
/! +
!'
'
"
8 "
+
!!
EBGG*F
/
EBGG(F
* BGG(J ) )
" !!
/+ 8
! '
3
/+
3 <& B)AAJ
+ 3
'
'
'
67
!
"
'
!
! 6
,
/+
!
"
/
!
'
!
"
!
'
'
!
'
7
"
!
-+5
"' . $ % !
& !
'
+
'
408 !% "
" + '
'
"
+
'
'
'
9
"
/! /
'
" +
"
"9
,
"
!+ ! '
'
'
:
,
'
'
/
!' '
" + '
' !
/
/!
'
! "
+
9
'
!
'
"
!2
+ '
+
'
'
"
'
'
'
" +
" +
'
'
+
!
"
!
+
! '
"
BGD(
'
!+
+! '
9 ''
" + '
/!
! E8 ! BGGGF & !
!
'
'
8
!
'
9& //9
!
"
!
!
+
'
'
/
!!+
! '
.
"+
/9/
''
'
'
!
!
'
'
/
,
' !
68
"
,
E< !
'+ 3
'
'
'
! ''
,
V0 D((
'
"
'
' ,
'
' '
/+
"
' 3 !
+
!
'
'
'!
'
'
'
/!
'
'
'
!
"
/!
!!
' '
!+2
E !9
+
! >((BF
'
!
!
" +'
'
8
,
" + '
9 !
'
+
+
'
'
!
9'
'!
9'
+
!!
'
'
"
!
' '
!'
!
'
' '
'
+
'!
+
" + '
'
!
'
'
!
, ! +
!
' '
, ! +
!
'
!
!
" +'
!
!
' '
' '
'
'
" !!
! EBGGAF
'
'
+
' 3 !
"+'
"
/
'+ !
'
"
'
"
9
'
BGG(F
,
'
'
+
'
69
!!
'
+
'
!+J
'
'
/
"+'
'
'
'
'
! +
"!
'
/
!
/
',
/
"!
4
'
'
'
-+6
'
"& !
+
H
'
'
' '
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
!'
'
' ! +
!
'
'
!-
'
'
!
!
'
'
!!
,
'+
!!+
M"
+
!!
!TN
!!
'
!!
!!
"
:
.
J
!!
,
'+
/!
!!
/
!
+
!!+
!!
'
+
' !
! >((CF '
!
!
'
!
. E8
'
+ -
'
,
/!2
!$
'
!+ '
+
!
'
'
9
! " !
9
'' !
'
4
9
$
'!
/
BGGGF
/!
'
"
'
!!
' !
'
+
'
' ! ,
+
! E<
$
"
'
!!
'!
" + '
!+
"
/
!!
" .
!
/
70
'
' +
,
" +
/
:'
'
'
<
"
'
'
!
$
+
!'
5
'
'
!
'
!
! -<H .
!
'
'
!
"
!!
'
'!
!!
!
!
+
'!
+
/
'
' +
!
"
!!
!
! '
"
'
"
!!
'
!!
!!
'
!+
'
'
<
!
+
4'!
!+ /+
!
'
!
'
/ '
!
!
+
+
+
'
!
' !' !
"
!
+
!!
!'
"
!" '
'!
'
!
! >((CF 8 "
'
'
'
/
!
/
!
+
!+
' +
+'
/!
'
<H
+
.
!+
"
"
'
/ "
+
'
!!
'
/
-
'
!
'
'
!
'
E
''
!
!
'
!
+
! "
'
"
'
!
!
!
,
71
+
"
'+!
!
!
'
" '
'!
!! "
!
!
<
/
' !
'
+
'
'
!+
"
+
! !
'
'
9
'
!
! ' !!,
!
'
'
' 2
'
'
!+
'
'
/!
9 !
'
'
!
' !+
"'
'
!+
'
! "
!,
'+
'
+
!
/
+
!
! EBGG*F 4
!
!
!"
'
!
+
'
!
' !
' !+
!
/
!+2
9 !
+ &
"
'
!
<
+
' '
!+
'
!
! >((CF
!
!+
!
'
"
/ ! "
"
!
!
'
! ' '
!
' '
,
' E
'
BD(
' !!
'
.
!
' !!
'
'
! +
" '
!
' -<
''
'
'
' '
'
'
!2
!
!,
'
H
4 '
'
!
!
'
!+
9+
!
!2
!
72
!
!!+
!
!
!
''
'
'
D(?
+
'
'
"
/
'
'
'
!!
+
"
"
!+ '
'
/
&
'
!
!
'
!'
'
! E7
!
/
!
E6
! >((CF
'
'
'
+
'
/
"
'
'
'
'
+'
'
'
'
'
! "
+
' !! '
'
/9
/+ &
'
'
"
5
/
/9
'
'
!
!+
'
'
'
/9
8 "
,
!
!
!!
# &
!!
+
!
!
'
!
'
/9
/ "
! >((AF
' !! '
/! '
+
'
/
'
! '
'
!
'
'
!
/9
"
'
!+
'
!+ B(?
D(?
!
!
!
)(?
!
!'
!
4"
'
!!
"
% '
+
!
!
! "
'
+
+ ' !
'
'
/
+
4
!
!+
!
!/
! /
9
'
'
"
'
'
!!
"
'
'
'!
/
!
73
!
"
' !! '
'
'
'
'
+
'
!
!
+ '
! /
'
'
"
!
'
'
+
C(( 5
' !
!
"
/
!
+ '
,
! /
'
'
! +
+
!
!+
4
- % .
'
'
E
/
+
-
!
!+
'
'
!+
!
!9!
'
.
'
'
!+
'
4
!
!
&
!+
!+
/!
'
'
'
'
"
!
6
'
- < .
!
!
' !!+
'
'
'
&.
' !
'
D? !
'
<
!
.
&
! >((CF
-
9
!
'
! +
'
!
+ -%
! /
/
'
' !!+
'
+
'
" 9" +
'
'
+
/
/9
'
'
'
!
!
! !+
'
'
'
'
'
!
'
<
!
! /! '
'
"
+
' !!+
"
%
'
'
%
&
! "
74
'
! /
!
+
&
!
+
!
-6 &. '
'
'
'
!
-/+
+"
9
!
4
'
'
!.
A D? !
4
"
'
'
'
%
!! '
/
! E>((CF
,
!
'
!!
'+
/!+
'
+ !
@?
!9!
'
!
!+
9!
'
6
/
/
'
B(?
'
!+
'
'
4
'
+
'
@? !
!
9 !
/9/
'
'
'
'
&
6
'
'
'
/
'
4
'
!9!
!
E>((CF '
'
' ! /! ' '! + "
<
/
'
6
/
!
' !!+ "
+
!
/
"
"& !
"
!
'
/!
'
-+6+*+ & " !
"
'!
"
"
!
+
/+ '
'
GD?
'
'
4
'
' '
& ' '
'
+
!
'
4
+
"
!!+ ' !!
!
!
75
'
'
'
/
"
4
4
+
"
!
! "
"
!
'
'
!
4'
! "
' '
'
" !!
E 4
'
! /+
'
!
"
.
"
'
'
"& !
'
'
/
'
/ '
' !
' !!+
/!2
/9/
/
/! /
'
' !!+
"
& 8
+
!
'
'
!
"
/! E# /
!/
+
!
"
! '
!
' /
F
/! +
/ '
/+
'
!
,
+
'
!
'
-+6+-
/
/
BGGGF
'
'
'
E<
/! +
'
'
"
'
'
'
+
"
/+
BGGGF /
"
+
'!
'
!
'
"
' !'
'
'
4
! /
!
"
' !
!
!
!
/
!
/9
/9/
!!+
!
76
'
!+
'
-+6+/ !' "
!
<
!
!
E
9
! "9
'
" F
6 ! 6
!
!/
!!+
+
!
BB
<
+
!
"
" +
!
:
!+
'
,
8
4
+
<
/+
!
"
" +
"/
&8
2
BG)
!
'
!! " J
J
/
!
! '
!
!
'
'
!
B>A
+
+
" J
! '
+
! '
'
' !!
'
D(
'
!
+
!
<
'
!
/
!!
!
'
!
CG
'
"
BD>
' /! /
'
+
!
"
&8
'
!
!
!
!
"
"
"
"
+ ''
'
!!+
!
77
! " !!
+ 4
J
!
!
!
"
!! "
/
J
!
!! '
+
'
"
/+
<
'
'
'
"
< WE
'
'
'
!
FE
'
B) >*
>*
'
'
'
!
!
!+
<
" '
!
'
'
4' !!
/9/
/9
'
<
'
! "
'
/
'
' !+
!
'
!
'
"
'
'
"+
!
!
<
'
+
>D
'
"
'
' F
'
BG GC
>D
!
/ "
$ Y F4B(( > *
'
4
"
3
'
D(
,
!
J
!
'
!
F
<
'
>((>F
,
E
!
E
/: '
+
' 8
'
- 8.
E !9
!
!
"
!
78
! /
+
'
!
'
"
'
'
!
9 !'
/
'
!
/
!
/: '
<
<
8
9
8
4
! '
!
'
'
:'
/
!
'
!/
+
/!2
'
!'
"
!
'
!
!
!
'
' !!+
'
!+2
!+ " !! "
<
'
&
<
" !! /
%/
!
!
/!2
-+; " ' !# ' <! "
/!2
'
!
/
'
' !
/!
!
'
/: '
!
¬
/!2
E&
'
! / '
>((DF
/ '
J
'
¬
'
¬
/! +
!
¬
'
¬
& !
'
'
/!2
/! +
/! +
/! +
E8 ! BGGG F
!
& '
! /! +
!
/!
79
'
'
'
'
"
'
!2
'
'
4
:'
! +
'
J
'
'
'
'
!
&
'
'
' !
EP
,
/
!+
/!2
!
4
! >((DF
/! +
!
'
'!
!
!
!
'
'
!
'
E?
' +
'
'
!
'
/! +
+
'
' !'
!
' ' ! '
' !'
!
! +
9
F
!
+
'
!
!!
/!2
'
!
!
3
'
!
'
+
' +
'
!
'
+
/! +
'
/!2
4'
!,
!
!
'
/+
E/
' !
!
+
'
+
/! +
'
!
!
'
'
4'
!
!
E&
/!
>((DF
3
!
?
!
!/
'
'F
'
'
'
/
' !'
' !'
F" '
'
/
!
" '
!
'
E?
'
E/
/! +
'
' +F
80
!
! E>((AF
' /
/!2
!
'
/9
+
<
! '
!+
/ '
!
!
2
$'
!
!
'
''
'
'
+
4
'
"
!+
'
!
'
' !
!
"
!+ B(
!
!
! '
'
6
!
' !
'
D(?
'
B9 +
'
!
'
!
! -
.
*@A B 5
# '
+
"
'
'
/!2
'' !
'
4
! +
'
"
'
"
! "
! !
!!+
# !'
'
'
!+
/9
'
'
'
' ! /+ " ' '
,
'
' ! "
"
'
!+
!
'
/! +
'
!
'
!+
!
2
+
!
/9
'
+
!
% +
/
' !
' '
& ' ' !!+
+
+ /
!
!
!+
!+
'
!+
'
'
'
/9
'
'
!!
!
"
/!2
!
9
' !
'
!
/!2
4
"
!
'
>Z
81
4
'
'
B>@C G B)G* D
'' !
'
4
!+
!
'
'
! +
+
>Z
/!2
"+
3
!+
'
" + "
' /! !
'
'
+
+!
'E
'
"
!+ "
!
!
'
/!
!
'
!
' !!+
'
!
/
'
! '
! '
4
!"
!+
75
!+
'
' '
3
/!2
-75 . 7
"
'
"
'
'
+
!! "
/9
!
! >((CF
/9
!
!+
/9
:
! '
2
' '
6
+
"
'
/!
' ! 9"
' !!
'
'
/
>(Z
+!
'
!
!
'
'
.
+
'
!'
!
'
# !'
'
+
'
'
!+
!
!
-
'
B(AG >5
/!
,
7
B9 +
!
!
/!2
!
!+
!
82
'
'
/
!
!
'
'
'
!
'
! .
3'
'
/9
'
/
/
3
/!
' 4+
9
'
!
/!2
E
!
! +
!
'
3
'
'! +
'!
"
! >((CF
/
!!+
' !'
+
!
/!2
4
4
< & !
'
!
"
!
8 "
,
'
'
-BD 3 >(?.
+
!'
!
&+
'
'
'
! >((CF /+ /
4'
"
'
'! + " !!
E# /
"
'
'
< & !
4
!'
!
!
!
% '
< & !
!
9
/!
' 4+
! /
J, ' !
/! +
!
/
!
!
'
!'
'
< & !
5
- ! ' '
/
!
!
! !
!
/!
!
'
'
/!2
+ 8 "
'
'
! -< &. !
/
' !
/+
!
'
!
'
!
'
/!2
!
'
! '
!+
'
!
'
!+
/! +
'
!
/
/ "
9
'
:'
83
'! + ! '' !
'
'
'
'!
4
' 8 "
'
!9
!
!
!
!
'
/
!
/!2
'
" 9 +
29
!+
!/
!
/
/
"
'
!
/!2
! %
/+
!
!
'
!
- 5 .
!
/!2
"
#.
+!
' !
+
+
/!2
'
!
>@
!!
!+
!
-%
'
/
"
! & ! "
+"
!
'
!
!
!
"
!
'
+
!
/! "
!
/!
"
'
+
>((AF
"
!
/
! '
'
/!2
+'
/! +
"
/
! /
+
!
!
'
!'
9
"
/! +
'
!
/! +
' '! + "
+
, !
!
'
'
+ ' !
EBGG*F
'
/+
' +
!
'
!+ !
'
/
"
! J
!
+ !
'
!
"
!
'
!! "
&
'
'
+
'
!+
' '
" '
!+
'
E& !
'
!
'9
"
'
' !
'
'
'
'
"
!
84
!
-% .
5 9
!
!
&.
+
/!2
'
'
' !
'
/
'
' !! !
'
'
"
!!
" !!
-
%.
!
+
/
!
!
!+2
'
'
*(?
%
!
!
! ' !
> $!
"
-
[9 +
!!
!
'
( A*
%< -
! ' !
'
"
+!
.
9
! >((AF
"
'
"
-H & .
4
!
'! +
!
'! +
!+
"
'
%
H&
! ' !
!
H & /+
"
%
,
'
'
/ ! "
/ '
9
'
$ " !!
%
A4B(C.
-
>((
%<.
( A@
4
+
'
! !+
/!2
'
!!
'
+!
!!
!
'
' / 4+
E +
' " !!
"
J
!+
B( $!
9
!
'
&
!+
B>(
'
! '
!
"
' " !!
!
'
!+ ' +!
(D
'
!+ /
!
'
&
5
'!
'
,
'
% %
"
/
- % .
!
!
'
/!
/
'
!
'
+
' + -% .
'
!+
! ' !
"
!+
W *4B(C.
4
85
%
'
! ' !
'! +
'
* $!
-
!
'
!+
.
' !'
/
%
/
!
!
!
' "
'! "
' '
!
'
!
/
!+
'
!+
"
'
"
+ <
!
!'
4
'
!+
/
4
4
/
4
' !
4
' !
'
4
!
!
!+ ! '
!! " J
'
"
' /
/
!> '
E6
!'
'
' !'
'
'
!
' !'
!'
" !! /
%
!
' '
'
'
!'
' !
!+
4
4
' +
+
!!
'
!
!
!>
' !
+
* $!
' !
!>
4
4
(D
.
/!2
"
4
%
!'
!
!
!!+
'
!
"
" + /+ "
!+
!>
/
/!
/ "
' !
!>
>((AF
'
!
'
!
-
" !!
' !'
!'
'
%
"
/
8 "
,
4
"
!> '
'
!
/!2
" !!
%
!+
'
!+
!
86
7
!
/
"
<
!
!
'
2
/
'
'
'
!
!
!!
"
"
'!
!" + !
'
!
:'
!
!
/!
' E
! !'
4
'
4'
/!2 $ !
,
+
"
9
! >(()F
+
! "
! "
'
! >((AF
!
>?
'
!
!
" !!
/
!+
/! E%
!
& '
"
!
! " '
' ' !
! "
!
!!
'
'
/
!
! '
!
' !!
/
'
/+
''
'
'
/!2
'
!
' !!+
/!2
'
!
!
"
'
'! +
4
<
' /
!
& !
'
4
!+
!
9
'
" '
'
'
! E>((CF
'! + "
!
'
L
4'
!
! /
'
/+
'
'
4
'
- %%.
'
!"
!
"
4
B( +
+
2
/!2
"
!
!
!
/!2
9
+
/!2
'
'
+
:'
87
2
"
/!2 $ !
:'
'
!
!'
'
$ !
4
'
$ !
' !!
! !'
!
'
' !!
!
! ' +
'
'
/!2
!
'
+
! '
!
! !'
:'
"
!
!
'
'
$
" !
'
'
' !!+
!
!
/ '
H
! "
'
"
!
!
4
!
' !!
!
!!
:
!
!
'
!
'
'
!
"
!'
4
'
! ' +'
'
/+ &
! E>((CF
'
'
/!
'
'
!
/ "
' !
"
/
'
+
!
B>
! +
"
/!2
!
"
/
!
!
'
+
! !'
!
2
,
"
! !'
'
!
9&
:'
' !!
!
!
+ "
!'
'/
'
/+
'
!
'
' !!
!
/!2
'
'
''
"
! !'
!
/!2
' !!
' !!
!
4
!
'
!+
8
!
6
"
88
'
!
'+'!
'
!
+
" /
+
!!
:'
'
"
'
!
' !
4
'
" !!
+
"
'+'!
' ! "
! "
'
'
"
"
/
!
'
\
"
'
'
!"
+
'
'
9/
!
"
9!
!
'
'
/!2
1
4 !
! '
"
'
''
/!2
9 !' 9 +
/ ,
'
! E>((CF "
'
! "
"
\
! /
'
!
!
'
"
'
'
/!2
!
' !
!
'
'
/!
'
/!
"
'
! "
!
2
"
!
!
'
''
!
/
'
/
"
'
!
"
"
!
! +
/ '
'
'
"
/+
&
+
!
/!2
89
4
!
/
"
'!
'
'
!
' !'
4
"
'
!
!+
!+
9
'
4
!
'
+
!
!+
"
4
!9!
!
"
'
'
/!
/!2
9 !+
'
'
/
!
'
>@
''
'
' !
&
'
!
!!+
!+
+
> (? !
/!2
'
/ '
/+
'
'
'
'! % '
!
/
!
!
'
!
!+
/
/!
!+
"
'
/!2
!+
!
'
& '
4
/
' !
B9>(?
'
!
!+
'
'
'
9 /
!'
'
'
B9B(?
/: '
/!
!
!
+"
( (D B( BD
4
9
<
+"
'
!+
!
" '
! 9
/
4
!
!
"
! >((AF
!+
"
'
>@
E5
!
'
4
!+
A B*
!+
"
"
'
9
'
!
'
9
/
'
/!2
4
'
+
"
/
/+
'!
/
'
/
' !
"
/!2
,
! "
' !
'
' !
! /
!
90
-+;+*
0!
% '
!'
' !
!# ' <! "
/!2
/: '
!
!!+
BGC@F
+
'!
+/
/
'
/
/
"
/+ '
'
-
'
' ! '
" '
! "
"
9
!
9 !+
+
"
!
'
!+
+!
'
'
.
"
E& /
/
! >(()F
+"
!'
"
!
'
' ' /: '
!
' "
! 4
!
'
'
'
'
'
' !
!
'
! ->.
'
'
9
4
!
'
! '
'
'
& ' '
' !!+
'
!
'
'
'
!'
J -B.
'+'!
"
4
!+
!
!9'
+
'
+ /+
!
'
!
'
!
4
!
!
!
' ! /
'+'!
!
'
!!+ '
/! +
'
+
'
'
E%
! +
!
'
!
'
/+ /!
!
'
+ "
'!
!
!
'
!
!
"
! 4
!+
!!
/!2
!
"
'
!
91
'
+
"
+
!
& % *GC
!+
/+
!
-7H
'
'
"
!
"
' !
!
!
!
B(? /+ "
-
!
'
! 4
!
( >D?
)@
.'
!
+
!+
/
B(((5
/!
"+
'
!
!
+ &
'
+
! !+
'
' +
+ ' !!
!
'
'
'
4
&
'
,
.
4
!
'
'
!
*?
( D? -/+ "
/
'
!
!
/!2
'
"
'
4
'
/!2
B>((5
9, ! +
,
"
BG
A(((5
'
4
'
!
"
"
!'
!+
'
'
!!
'
"
'
!
7H
G(5
4
'
/
! "
"
/!
!
'
'
!
! !
!
'
!
2
!
/!
!
!
.
'
'
'
'!
E# //
+
"
! >((AF
! '
'
92
'
' !!
"
' !!
+
/
' !
'
!.
'
%7
7 %8
& ! !
'
&+
'
# //
! E>((C
'
!
+
"
/
'
!
'
!!
' ! '
& ! '
!!
! +
!' '
'
' !'
! + '
'
!
!
'
B(9B ' $
+
!
4
!
'
!+
"
!2
!
8
'
'
+
'
+
/! +
/!
+
'
/
/!
'
!
/: '
!!
'
!
/!
9
'
'
!
'+'!
!
!
!$
'
'
9
'
'
/
'
!!
''
! /!
"
)
BC@( $
'
!
"
!
" '
4
!
'
'
!
'
'
'
' !! '
' !!+ !
!
'
/
' /
'
!
!
+
! E>((* /F
GD
"
! '
8
/+
! E>((CF
! /!
!
" '
$
!
9
!
! -
!
% !
"
!
'
8
'
/!
'
! /
8
9
/+ 6
/F
'
/!
' !
!'
!
/!2
93
2
!!
'
"
!
9
!
:'
!
+ ,
! +
'
!
! /+
"
!
9
!
7 /
'
+
!+
,
'
+
!
'
'
' !
' !
/!2
/!2
!" +
' ! '
'
' !
'
' !
'
'
'
!
/! +
'
!' '
'
!
!
!"
"
! " !
'
!
'
'
!
'
+
/
'
'
+
E<
'
+ ' !
/! +
' !
/!2
' !
/
'
''
+
' !
'
'
!
" '
'
BG@GF
!
+
'
'
!
EH
'
!' !# ' <! "
'
'
' ' ,
'
'
' !
'
"
'
-+;+- 0 &
4
'
"
'
'
+
+
/
"
'
,
'
'
!!
"
'
'! + % '
'
' !
'
'! +
! BGG(F % '
' !
94
/!2
!
!'
'
'! +
!/
+
!
'
!
!
'! +
!!
'
/!
'
"
"
E
+
!!+
! "
/! +
/!
'
' !
& /!2
'
!
/!2
'
!+
!
/!2
/! +
! +
'
!
! '
!!+ '
/!2
& /!2
!!+
+
'
'
'
+ ' !
' ! /
!
'
!
! >((CF
,
"
' !
! +
'
'
/! +
!
'
!
!+
!
,
'
.
''
!
' !
. /+ '
!+ A? -/+ "
'
9
! !
-'
'
!'
' /+ '
' !
.
' !
!
'
!!
!
! "
'
'! +
4
'
'
' '
!+
' !
'
'
'
!
/
!
'
' /+ '
"
' '
'
/!
'
'! +
'
UA(5
!
! ' ' !'
!
'
'
'
'
'
'
! /
'
4
"
'
"
'
! /
'
!
/!
! 4
95
'
+ /
!
' !
!
"
9 '
4
'
/!
'
'
'! +
/!2
'
' !
+
'
/!2
! " ' !'
"
'!
J
!+
!
!
!!9
!
'
"
!
'
!2
!
+
H '
! "
"
'
"
! '
& /
+
"
/!2
/
!+2
'
/!2
!
!
!
!
!
'
!
!
B(? /+ "
"
!
'
GD?
4
+
! -
!
"
!
&
! "9/
>((>F %
' !!
/!
'
+!
9
"
E !9
H '
'
& /
& / .
!+
'
-O( (((B?. "
'
''
'
!
!
!
' !!
! >((*F
4
!!
-( (((B9( (B?.
/
E8 +
!
'
+
& '
'
!
'
4
'
!
'
/!2
!
'
/!2
!
"
'
' !!+
!
' '
' !
&/
!
' !!
+ '
'
+
'
4
96
/
&/
! " ! "
!
& '
&/
!
& /
/!
&
+
/
'
"
! '
!+
/
/+
& /
!
'
/! +
!
'
<
' !!+
'
/!2
' ! !+
/!2
& /
'
A? '
/9/
!
'
'
' !
! 4 /!
!
/!2
!
!
'
/!2
'
"
( D B(
"
'
'
>(? !
'
&!
/! +
"
'
' + &
'
!
'
'
>(?
!
D5
(? !
!+
'
/+ *)?
!
/
4 !
/+ "
7
"
'
/
'
/
' /
'
!
'
!
!
+ ' 9'
!
&/
'
/! +
'
'
! E>((CF
"
!
,
'
!
4
!
'
%
B(?
& /
'
'
/
++
'
!
!
+
!9=
(
!
'
/!2
'
!
/
/!
'
>A5
/!2
'
97
)*@A D
)
$
-(? !
'
.
!
'
'/
/
!
/
' +
'
!
'
!
!!
!!+
'
' !
:'
'
'
9!
BGD>F
' !
/!2
'' !
\
! "9
'
!
'
!
1
/
)(
>((>F %
'
'
+
+
!
"
'
# ! +
!2
!
!+
' E<
'
'
' ! /
/!2
! +
E
/
!9
&
! BGGD 1 2
& ' EBG@*F
'
!+
!
'
!
BG*@
'
/! +
! "
!
/!
!'
!
EBG@DF
'
+ /
"
"
+
'! + '
' !
'!
! '' !
' !/
'
+
' !
!
!
'!
"
!
'
'
'
+
"
" !!
/!
'
' !
/! + #
' !
'
!
!
!
'
'
!
' !
'
'
!!
'
->(? !
/! +
/!2
'
$
/9
'
'
'
)
'
' +
!
*G@A D
'
'
'
+ EBG@AF
"
98
'
4
/! +
'
!
'
/!
/+
! "
! "
!
"
!
!
/!2
!
'
'
'
'
'
'
&
!
+
' !
!# ' <
"'
'
'
'
'
!"
!
/
!
'
'
'
!
!
!
'
! >((DF
EH
/
'
/! +
'
"+
'
%/
! !
"
4
'
/
!
'
'
!
E !9
!
' !
/!2
4
' !!
' /! +
'
-+;+/
"
'
+
/
!
'
, ! +
'
8 "
EBGG@F
!
!
!
"
4
"
/
" '
BG@C/F
4
EBGGBF'
'
/
2
/
/!2
"
E1
" !!
!9&
!
'
2
!
"
/!
1
!
5
!
/
'
'
! " '
,
' !
!
/9/
/
/!2
/
'
BG@G 7 ! BGGDF
' !!+
!
" +
!'
/
99
/!2
+
'
'! + +
!,
'
"
,
! '
!
'
/!2
!
'
'+
! E8
'
8 "
'
& !
4
'
'
'
/
+
!
!
!
!
J
'
!
'
E 9&98F !
!
!
!
+
'!
"
'
"
3
!'
/ "
+"
+
'
!
'
B(
9 !'
'
' !'
/
+
! /!
!+
>((>F /
'
+
' '+
'
1
'
!
'
'
'
'
'
"
E1 2
D
'
'
!! "
!
!!+ / !
!+
'!
B(?
'
'
'
!
! /
'
/
/!2
+
/!2
! '
'! + '
'
'
'
+
!
"
'
4
+
/!
"
+ +
' +
>((CF
!
AD
!
!
'
'
! 4
!
"
+
/!2
/!2
+!
'
'
"
100
'
'
'
'
/+ '
'
4'
! '' !
!
'
8 "
'
/! +
/! +
'
9
' !
'
/+
9
!
4
!'
!+
'
/!
'
,
'
! '
/
'
'
4
'
!
/
+
4'
'
'
!
!
'
!
'
!!
!
\
"
!,
"
'
'
/+
'
+
/ '
!
' ' '
'!
!
! "
'
.
4 /
'
'
'
!
! " , ! +
'
-
!
>((CF
' '! + +
!
'
!
E&
/!
/! +
'
F ! +
/!2
" !!
'
'
'
! E>(()F
'
E
/!
'
' !
'
! /
!
'.
'
,
'
"
!
!
'
' +
-B.
'
->.
'
-).
'
'
'
'
/!2
"
'
! /+
'
"
'
/
'!
J
!
!
!
!
'
4'
"
101
-*.
'
-D.
'
!
!
'
-!
/
/!2
! !
' '
' !'
/
'
!.
"
' !!+
'!
'
/! +
!!
! '
'
'
'
/!2
'
'
' "
E
! "
!
/! +
"
-
"
/
!'
/
'
/
'
'! +
/
'! +
!
! >((> &
'! +
' +
!
/!2
"
.
'
'! +
!
"
' !'
' !/
'
!!+
<
'! +
'
>(()F
" !!9
"
+
+
!
!
+
!
!
' !
'
! 4'
" '
"
! E&
+
+
!
' E
>((D'F
'
'
'+
'
'! + +
"
'
'! + +
!
/! +
+ ' !
4
!'
'
'
' !
"
/
'
" '
/
/+ '
! '
'
" !!
'
! >((*F
!
!
-
!
'
/
/ "
/!2
'
" '
/!2
'
'
'! + +
' !
!
! "
'!
102
:' 9
/
!! "
+
'.
!
'
!
!
/! +
"
!
E5
/!2
+
A
/!2
>@
!
B> D >( >D )(?
'
!
!
'
" !
-C> D?.
'
!
9
!
A
+
'
>@
->D?.
4
!
( B( >(
'
.
" !!
'
!/
'
/ ! +.
'
9
B((? GD? G(?
"
!/
-!
/
+
'
)(?
'
'
"
'
!
'
2
!
"
/+ *? '
'
'
,
'
%4
!
'
'
/
4
'
>((>F
'
/+ '
"
'
22
'
'
' !
" !!
'
!
/!2
!
!"
' "
. ! +
'
/!2
'
'! + +
'
'
!+
'
'
! '' !
'
'
-
4'
'
'
!
'
/+ ' 9
!
4'
+
!
AVA
'
AVB*
>@VA
!+
+
>@VB*
103
+
'
'
'
/
9
4
/!2
/+
"
''
!
' "
/
'
'
"
!
!
!
4 -&7
.
'
/
&7
'
4 -&
' !
>(%] W >(? '
&
'
!
'
/!2
/! +
'
/!2
!
'
!
!
,
'
4
!+
!
!+
'
'
'! +9
-
!
' !'
'
/! +
!
/ "
!
' ' !'
-'
!+
.
+
.
/+
'
'
!
'
!
' +
'
9
'
'
!
'
!!
'
+
/
'
'
'
! /
/!2
'
!+
'
'
'
'
!!+
!
->(%] @( .
/! +
!
!
4
!
!
"
"
!
9
'
!+
'
/
"
!
.
@( W @(?
"
!
'
+
'
!
/! +
/!2
/+ ' 9
/
4'
-'
! '' !
9
.
'
104
!
"
/
! 3 '
4'
'
'
-?
'.
.
." '
/
5 !
-
!!
2
'
!!+
'! +
'
4
'
'
+
"
!
'
/!2
!+
!9'
!
.
!L /
'
'
" '
9 +
'
'
' -
'
! '
'
!
"
! '
'
'
'
+ '
/!
!
'
!
! BGGAF
/
!
'
!
-
E
!! 2 .
! "
&!
!
2
!
BGCAF <
'
'
!!
'
'
'
'
/+
!
/ ! + E< !! BGAC
'
'
.
' 9
.
+
>((D/F <+ '
!
' +.
'
-" !! ' +
'
E&
'
EBGCAF
" !!
! !
' !'
/ ! + -/
"
< !! EBGACF
/
,
'
!
!
/
!
-/
'
'! +
!/
'
/
-+
'! +
'
'
/!
8 "
'
4
-
/!2
.
105
"
/!
/! +
!9'
/ '
! '
/!
'
'
"
'
!
"
!
'
'
'
! " !
+ "
'
E
J
!
2
2
9
!!
!
!\ '
'
/!2
,
'
! "'
! "
,
!9'
+
4
'
\'
'
'
7
"
'
+ /+
/!2
!
! /
/
'+
!
EBGCAF
/
% ' !!
9 ! 4 /! '
'
'
EBGD)F
!
'
/
%
EBGAAF
! '
+
/
!
' "
!9 '
' ' !!+ % '!
/
/9/
!9'
9
" +
!9'
EBGCAF
&
8
!'
/
'
/+ % ' !!
&
"
!9'
:
<
BG>( "
'
/
"
!
/ '
/ !
&8
.
)?
!\ 4
!
! +
BG@@F
!9 '
&
!
' +
BGC)F
! +
'
/!
>(()F
,
BB? /+
E "
'! + -
/! E&
"
/ !
"
"
!
/!2
! 4 /!
!
+
106
' !
!9 '
'
"
'
4
'
7 4"
'
2
'
'
4'
+
" '!
! /
,
&
/
'
/ '
- !
4
!
+ 4
,
8
,
+
'
-
4
+
,
.
'
!
. E8 ! BGGGF
'
'
!!+
/+
!
/ !
/ 4
+
" !!
!
'
2
"
'
'
!+ /!
'
,
!
'
,
<!
!+
A9 +
'
4
"
'!
'
'
!
!
!
! /
'
4
" !
!9'
))@* D 5
/+ '
)*) * 5
" '
! 4 /! '
"
BACD @ 5
+
-+;+1
' '
A9 + '
! 4
' '
!
"
'
! '
/
!
! '
!+
'
'
'
107
'
!! "
!
"
/+
4
'
!
4
!+
"
/
'
"
!
"
'
'
'
!!
+
'
!+
!
2
"
0!
& !3'
& "
"
4
!
4
!
&
!# ' <! "
4
!
!'
'
!
/
/
!'
+
E5 2
'
BGAG
'
*
!
!
'
!9'
!
' !'
!'
84F E '
F
3
4
' >((BF
+
84
+
E% ' !! BG@BF " '
+ '
+ '
'
' !
!
'
'
4
!
4
"'
'
)
"
!+
-+;+3
E
/
" !! /
'
!9'
'
/!2
/ '
,
!+
/
'
+
!
!
/+ +
E >&84 )&>84 F
'! /
+
!
- 8.>
''
'
!'
!
!
!
108
'
'
+
W
&W &
W !>
>
)
8W 8>
& '
+
22 !
!
'
'
/ "
'! +
' !'
-
8.
'
! - '
!'
,
'
'!
- &8.
/!
.
2
!
!
/
-/
/
'
!
.&
".
/: '
!! "
'
!,
/! + /!2
'
! E7
/!2
'
!
!
.
'
9
BGACF
!# ' <! "
/
.
!
>((DF
J
¬ 6
!
E&
'
!
/
" '
' +.
!
!+
-?
! -
!
-
/
/
' !'
9
'!
/!2
'
!9
'
'! +
'
9
'!
-+;+5
! '' !
'
-
! '' !
" '
+
4'
+
/! +
!'
/
+
/+ '
'
/ "
'
!
+
.
'
'
'
/
+
.!
' !'
' !'
'
'
!'
' !'
+
/+
!
! '' !
+
!+
'! +
'
+
/
!
109
¬ <
!
6
!
!
"
!
/
'
,
!
"
' "
'
'
'
!
&
!!
!
/
'
!
!
!+ '
F
'
' "
!
/!
!
!
!
+
'
+
'
!
'
+
!
' !+
" '
+
+ /
!
!
'
/+ !
!
4
4
"
"
/ '
!
F
'
/
E
"
' !!+
/!2
!+ !
!
/
E !
/
! /+
'
/
"
4
/
'
!
4
,
'!
,
'!
! "
4
'
! '
>((
!
4
!
!
,
4 E
'
" !!
+
!
! +
!!+
!
!
'
/+
!
'
'
'
/
'
' "
'
/
!
'
BGGGF
/! + '
/ '
/
! "
<
'
! /+
/+
+
! E# /
/!2
4
/
"
!
4
!
F
"
!+
110
/
"
!
!
4
/+
!+
!
,
&
/9/
!
'
/!2
'9
!
/!2
4
!
/
' !'
+
BGGGF
!
!!
+
'
!
4
!
'
- 8.>
"
!
!
- 8.> V %
+ 4
-%
/! +
B(
.
/
''
'
!
"
" !!
/: '
!!+
/
'
!
!
*@
D@ %
"
'
"
>@ *D
'
!
!
'!
!
)(Z
/!
'
B*? "
/
+ &
!+
! E>((AF
'
/
!
/!2
B@(
/
' !'
''
'
/
4
4
/!2
'
'
!
/+ "
G(
!+ '
'
/!2
!
!
!# ' <! "
/+ !
"
!
!!+
' ! +
/
!
'
4
4
'
D(
+
E# /
+
! +
BD(
-+;+6
!+
'
'
!
/! +
'
!
/! +
'
111
G@
"
GG? "
B(
'
B@(
B*? !
'
!+ &
!!9
4
/!
"
'
! "
!
'
!
!
!
'
/!
"
!
!
'
! "
'
' ! '! + "
! "
!
!
!
! '
/!2
'
'
"
!
'
'
'
'
!
!!
'
4
'
'
! < '
'
!
' !
/+
+
'!
!+
: ' -" ' "
"
"
'
:' "
"
.
!
B((((
! E>((DF
!
+
!
+
4
'
!
!
'
/!2
<
!
'
!
/
!!
! "
!
/ "
'
!
!
"
'
! >((CF <!
'
!
'
"
!
'
!
!
' !!+
/!2
+
!
"
"
!
!
B(((
4
'
!+2
!
E
'
'
'
'
! !+
!
!
!
+
!
/!2
"
112
!
!
'
7 /
/!2
'
'
!
" !
! '
! '
!
/
>(((
, '+
+
!
4
!
"
"
!
'
'
E
!+
'!
'
' '
'
'
!
)(
'
!
!+
!'
' !
!
!
"
/!2
'
"
'
/+ !
"
!
!+ !
!
/!2
' "
/!2
! "
' 4
/
'! +
/
" !!
! /
' '
"
$
! + +
!
/!2
'
!
/
!
!+
!
'
! +
/
'
!
/9
!
!
!!+
'
"
'
+ , ' !+
+
/!+
!!+
" +C
! "
!
'
8
! BGGGF
'
' / "
!
"
'
'
'
/ '
&
'
'
"
! +
!
/!2
4
! ! '
"
+
!
!
!
< 2
+
/!
!
!
/!
!
'
!
6
!
!
!
113
9
! ' 9
!
'+
4'
'
' !'
!
!
'
'
'
!
+ !
"
!'
" !!
!+
! '
!
''
'
'! +
!
!
/
'
!
'
!/
!
'
'
!!+
'
!
!
!2
!
!!+
'
!
/
/
!+
!
!
' +
!
'
! '
/!2
4 '
+
/
9
'
" !! /
'
2
+
'
'
E < F
'
:'
!
!+
<
#
+
' +
!
'
,
!+
!
'
'
/!2
/
'
/+
!'
'
!+
/!2
"
+"
%/
'
+ /
!
'!
! 6
'
!
! '' !
22 !
!
'
!
'
!
" !! / '
!
!
'
114
-+;+; '%
0
!# ' <! "
!
'
'
/
! 9'
/9/
9
"
!
'
- 4
'
'
! ' '
!
<
'
!
BD
-
'
9
' /!
"
.
'
'
"
/
!
!
!
'
"
9
'
'
'
'
'
+ ' !
"
'
!+
.
/
'
!
-
G9B@? "
'
!
!
!
A? "
!
B
!
D
B(? !+
@
/
BD
! !
B(? !+
'
-
/
!
!
CB@
!
!
' +
+
& %
+"
!
!
' '
6 '
!
, ! + '!
"
-
' + "
!+
4
'
!
! "
!
!!+
. A? "
!
!+
"
'
!9 !+
/!2
9
!+ /
)@
9
'!
!
!
!.
& % CB@.
'!
"
"
!
'
"
' !
4
! '
!+
)
!
BA
B@? !+
)B &
BD %
! !+
!
A? "
!
!
/ "
B>
115
C(%
B@? !+
B(C%
'
! !
!
!+
"&
"
'
!+
"
.!' " '+
+
/
' ! '
'
'
'
'
!
/!2
''
/
"
+
/!2
BH
! "
'
!
+
/
'
/
!
!
!+
! >(((F
!
+
'
'
' E7
!
/!2
!
!+
"
' !
" &
'
/!2
"
!
/
+
!
' !
4
!
#
! '
!
'
!
'
! . !+
'
!
!
+
"
!!
-+=
!!+
!
'
6 !
/!2
'+
DB
!+
/
' 9
"
/!2
!
/ "
!
!
"
!
!+
!
-
!
4'
'
'
!
'
!!+ !
!
'
!
!! "
/
!
'
'
!! '
''
116
5 /
! E>((*F
!
!
% ! +
!
E
!
/
"
'
'
'!
!
(1) 8+
"
'
!+
/
!!
' !
' /
! >((( >((B >((>F
+
' !
!
!+
-!
'
'
!! "
'
%
'
'
!! . 8 "
!
!' '
!
!
+ ' !
+
J
B4 B(A' $
!
/
E
! BGG)
BGG@F
(2) %
'
'
>(( 5
E
!
6 BGG) F
(3) H !
'
BGG)
!
!
+
+
/
!
'
!
'
'
/
'
!
!
!
!
+
!
!'
" !!
"
+
' " !!
!
'
!'
!
!
!
!'
"+ '
/!2
!
!
!
/
'! + +
''
!
!
!
' '! +
!!
/
'
6
!!
!+
'
!
! >((BF
!!
'! + +
*? E
/9/
'
!
!
/
'
!
'
!
/
'!
'
'
!!
'
"
117
&
+
'
"
!
! E%
8 !! "
"
% !+
!+
,
'
+
/+
9/
! >((A F
+
5 ! 7
+
!/
'
,
/
!
'
,
'
"
2
'
!
'
5
&!
/
! "
,
2
" !
" !!
!
/
+
'
'
'
4
/
!
! " !!
'
" !
' !
!
+"
!
'
"
!
'
9
! >((*F & !
'
/
+ 8 !!
'
"
!!
BGGA P
+
'
!
/
% !+
BGGD
"
+
'
!
E5
+ ' !
E%
!
' !!+ "
"
!
"
4
' ! '!
+ ' !
+!!
!! +
'
/ '
'
>((* F
5!
+
!
"
+
+ ' !
!
!
5
!+
/!2
/!
" !!
/9/
! +
/
'
'
!
118
'
%/
' " !!
4
'
/
!+
'
!
!
119
/+*
#"
! . !'
. !' " ' +
! '
4 /
'
"9
!
%/ 9
+
''
!
"
4'
/
"
"
!
!
+
!
'
!
!
!!+
!+
4 D(
+!
7 /
+
/
'
'
7
%
!
! ;! '
&
/
8
'
!!+
9
/! +
' !!+
!
%
+
D(
! '
/!
!
/
!
4'
'
!
)(
"
"
9& //
!
+
!
"
!
'
/ ! "J
7 '
B
5 BV(((
+
9
>
5 >V>D(
+
9
)
5 >VD((
+
9& //
*
5 AV@((
+
9& //
D
5 GV*((
+
9& //
C
%/ /
+
120
!+ !!
!
/
/
+
4 !
'
+ ' !
'
'
/+
!
D(
"
'
9
,
9/
" '
'
'
'
4'
!
! '
'
!
9
!
'
!
!
"
+
!
( (AD
!
! +
' !
"
+
//
,
'
"
>(
! / 4
+
! >((AF
+
"
'
/+ ' !'
!,
E
BGGGF
/!
'
" !!
'
'
'
'
>((
E
' +
!
+ !
" !! "
+
'
' ! '
4
'
" '
!
! '
"
'
'+
!! "
! '
'
/
9
4
!
'
!!
!
'
)(
'!
'
'
!
/
/
'
4
' !
/ !
4'
'!
"
" + 6
!
!
"
4
'
!+ "
121
!! '! + +
!
'!
'
( (AD
"
9
' !!+
!
4
4
!
4
"
''
'!
!! "
B
'!
>
7 ,
!
'
'
"
!
*
C
BGG(
'
& /!2
- < .
'
'
'
!
-
'
'
! '
!
'!
'
4
+
'
BGGA
!
!
2
/
!
/!2
"
'
4
'
+
'!
%6 I 8
'!
! /
'
C>>A
)B
4
<& B)AA
<
/
/! )9B
/
+$%
!
"
J
2
)
D
'
/: '
'
! '
4
"
"
!
4
!
&
8
''
" +
"
'
"
.
122
' ! -
&8
.
& !
!
'
&+
- & &.
4
4
!
J
# W E 9)DFR( >V( ((D-7 7 9*(.SV( (B- 9BD."
J # W
W
-
9B(. X X X X > )
4
'
!
>(( & %
77W ! ,
!
W !
' +
'!
( (AD
.
4
4 4
"
!
"
/
!
/
)B
#
?
'!
/
%/
!
& !
123
124
#
"
'
"
!
/
#
,
!
9>9A
9*
D
'!
C
9B9
'
>. ! %
9>9*
+
'
BGGGF
'
+
&
'
!
4
+
'
'
!
<
!
!!
'
%/
!
!
9
!
,
/
!
'
!
! ' !
9) '
'
4
/+9
" !
. +
,
'
/9
9>9D
E# /
+
!
! '!
/
'
!
77
/!
/9/
!+
,
/
9A9D
9B9/
!+
2
/! )9BF
/ '
'
/+-
/
E
9>9C
>)
9>9C
!
+
"
'
!!
! "
+
'
125
/! )9B
+ ' !
!
%/
'
-?.
!
B
>
)
*
D
C
BB *
B( B
GD
B( A
B( >
AD
!
-?.
)>
)C
>G
)A
)A
)>
!
' !
-?.
>(
>>
>D
>B
>(
>D
!
' +
4
B>
B*
*
BC
BA
A
>G
)(
)D
))
)G
>>
BGD(
BG@(
BG*(
BGC(
>(>(
BG@(
7 ,
?
>((
% 4
+
+ -
$
)
.
& &
#
4 -# .
-?.
& ! -?.
9>9C
9>9*
9>9D
9>9C
&8
&
!& !&
9>9C
9>9*
&
&%
&%
&
&%
&
B(
(
(
>(
)(
(
)D AC
)A )C
>* @(
G G*
)* B@
)G C(
)> B*
)> *(
)G @(
DC GC
>C **
)@ @(
126
/+/
$
!
+
/
'
!
!
/!2
/
/
!
/
!
'
/
'
"
! "
!+
9
!+
!
4
!
( (AD
'
4
'
B(((
!
!2
'
/
2
+
'
'
"
4
!
'
!
/
! >((@F
C(
C(?
)(
B(
!
"
!
/
B ((
9
2
!
!
"
/
'!
B(
'
' +E
/
"
! +
/
'
/+
!
'
!!
/ 4
' !
" !
)> &
! "
+
! +
"
! "
)(?
B(?
,
!
,
( )((
,
!
( *>D
!
127
/+1
&
'
'
'
-
.
"
'
"
/
"
!+
!
'
!+
!!
' !!+ "
+
E%
-
!
3
9
!
'
*
- 8. >
'
+
E<
-
2
9' !'
2 S),
' !'
'
''
+ '
&84
*
! BGGCF
' !
-
"
-
!'
9
' /
'
! " '
' !/
!'
BGDCF 6
+
!
'
!
' '
'
/9
'
. E7
:
' !'
))
/!2
+
9' !'
!
"
!+
+
3 &.
.
-
)>
! ' /!
/
-
' ! '
/!
! >(((F
!'
+
'
'!
!
'
"
/!2
' !'
'
+ ' !
!
+
'
&
+
+
'
"
+
"
84.
'
'
'' !
'
.
'
+
!
!
!
" 9
!
128
129
/! ) >
+ ' !
+
+
&
'
! &
/! ) )
H !
'
-'
!
2
+
) (D
$ .
))DA
-
BB(
.
' !
+
+
'
C> ))
&
>B G*
2
Al2 O3
* GD
Fe 2 O 3
) A*
Mg O
> ()
SO 3
> >>
K2O
( DC
Na 2 O
( )>
TiO 2
( BA
Mn 2 O 3
( (D
Cl -
( (B
B A@
Los s- o n- ign it io n
-
J
!9
/
>((D.
!
-?.
130
/+3
& +
!
/
!
" !!
! E<
'
'
!
!
>((AF
' !/
E# !
! >((*F
!
!
/
' '
!
!
"
"
+
!
'
+
'
"
!
!
!'
'
%/
!
7
'
9
' +
!
!+
! >((CF #
!
E&
&
/!2
!
!
/
!+ 4
/
?.
/
'
' E
9
/+5
/
+
'
!
+
4
'
!
"
'
'
!
6
!!+ !
'
" !!
! >((@F
+
!2
/
'
/
'
'!
!+
4
' !
\
'
/ "
131
/: '
'!
'
'
!
!
'!
'
'
>((CF
E#
9
!
3
"
2
,
!
! / 4 3
D(
*>D^
!
!,
!
"
!
!
2
"
!+
!
4
"
!
!
!
'
"
!+
'
>*
9
!! " "
!
"
!
!
!+
4
/ '
BD
!!+
"
!,
H9
/
'
)(
/! "
'
" !! /
'
'
,
/
/! "
"
B(9BD BD9>( >B9
)B9*(
'
!
'
!
9!
>D
/
'
B9 BC
!,
!
/! "
'
!
!
132
/+6
'!
&
! "
!
!
'
/
"
!
'
C(
!
2
*>D^
!+
/ '
4
!
/ !!
" '
/ !! "
!!
!
'
/
/ "
!
!
!
!
' '
'
'
!+
!
"
!
/ ' "
!
'
"
!
/
'
!
&
!'
!
'
/!2
"
!!+
+
%/
'
!
B9 BC
4
'
. /
"
!
!# ' <! "
"
+
/!
!
'
!
'
'
-'
!!+
"&
!!
)
!
/+;
!+
/ "
/
,
'
"
"
!+
!
9
'
+
!
!
"
'
!
!
133
/+;+* '!
0!
"
!' "&
'
!
"
'
+
' /'
! "
'
'
'
'
4
+
!
'
'!
!
' /'
%
'
9
'
/ 4
,
"
C(((
4
!!
!+
4
"
! "
"
'
"
"
' !
'
!
'
'
CB /! "
*D(
!+
'
'
"
! +
!!
/
!
'
'
'
" !
'
'
'
"
"
'
!
*D
/
'
"
!
!
! "
"
B
!
,
'
!
/
!!+
! "
/! " "
! +
' !!
'
! "
"
'
!
"
!
'
!
" !
"
'
"
!! "
'
'
'
!
!
!
/
!
'
134
6
'
'
!
!
%
"
<
!
!
/
'
' !'
'
"
/
!
'
/
)( '
'
4
B>
'
!
<
"
!
4<
/+;+- >. ! %
.
!# ' <! "
'
,
)(? *(? D(? C(?
B > )
*
"
+
+
"
!+ /!
! / 4
"
"
7 ,
%
'
'
%
!
'
!
"
'
%
9
!
" !
'
B(? >(?
A(? "
'
2
!
' !
"
'
'
!
<
%
'
'
'
'
'
"
%
'
*D
!
"
!! "
!
"
<
CB /! "
*D(
'
+
B(?
A(? '
,
!!+
,
! ! +
'
!!
,
+
%
135
%
'
'
'
>@
<
/!2
'
/+;+/
'
"
'
4
"
!
!
!# ' <! "
+
!
B(? >(? )(? *(? D(?
A(? /+ "
!2
9
!
/!2
!
'
B > )
!
'
'
*
!+
C(((
B((?
4
'
" !!
%
4
6
%
'
/
'
''
A(?
'
4
'
%
"
' !
'
%
!
"
'
!+
/
'
!'
<
'
"
!
'
<
'
!
'
!
"
/
7 ,
'
!
)(? "
!+ "
! '
"
!
G(? @(? A(? C(? D(? *(?
C(?
B*(
B9 *
$
C(?
!
!
9 !
!
B*( '
!!
'
'
136
>@
<
"
'
'
!
"
!
'
/+;+1
! %
" '!
D9 @
&
!# ' <! "
'
>? *? C? @?
B(? /+ "
!
9
!
B > )
!+
4
'
'
- % .
'
'
C(((
!
'
!
'
+ -%
.
'
'
/!
" 4 '
C
/+ '
!! "
/
!
'
'
!
"
+
'
!
'!
"
"
BD
'
/
'
<
>*
' !
6
+
"
%
!
"
"
'
/: '
"
'
!
'
7 ,
4
<
4
!
G(?
'
! !+ '
!
! +
!+ /!
,
"
!
!
"
'
!
* "
G@? GC? G*? G>?
'
+
'
C>>G- .
! '
%6I8 -BGGA.
'
!
G9 B>
!
137
B(( '
'
'
**
<
4
"
,
+
'
/+;+3
&
!# ' <! "
"
+
! ->(((.
'
!+
"
!
+
-BGAD.
'! +
+
'
( D9* (?
!
!
!
'
! !
!
!
9
"
/+
'
'
"
!
/!2
'
/
!!
'
!
G@? GC? G*?
+
'
!
'
!
!
!
'
4
!
!
!
!
!
"
&
!
%/
!
!+ /!
!
!
/!
4'
G(?
/!
!
!
!
!
+
"
!+
G>?
" ! 6 '2
B(?
'
! -BGA>.
!
>? *? C? @?
!
% ' !
> (9) (?
!
'
!
'
!
!
!
!+
/
!,
"
'
"
"
"
*D
'
138
"
*D(
CB /! "
'
!
/
! '
6
%
'
!
!
'
/+ '
!! "
<
"
!
'
'
@
$
!
'
!
"&
!
!
"
B) 9
BC
!# ' <! "
"
!
'
+
4
>? *? C? @?
'
B(?
B(? >(? )(? *(?
D(?
'
'
'
"
'
B(?9D(?
/!
'
!9'
! /
B((
'
!
&
"
<
C(
/+;+5+
!
'
>D
!
/
!+
GC
'
! ! +
"
'
'
!
"
"
"
,
%
!9!
<
"
'
4
+
" '
'
+
4
9
E
/ !
>((>F
4
/!
"
"
'
'
'
/!
%
%
'
!+
'
6
%
139
%
!
'
<
'
"
"
'
"
!+ " !
" 49'
>*
"
C
+
!! "
<
BD
'
"
"
'
'
'!
%6 I 8 -BGGA.
'
'
"
'
/+;+6
/
>*( '
!
"
!
! ! $
C>BC ->.
"&
!
! '
%6I8 &
9'
"
'
'
-BGGA.
!
/9/
!! "
'
'
6
%
'
R8<&S
'!
'
/9/
" !! /
!
'
'
BA9 >A
"&
!
!
C>>@
'
'
\<
&
-%
R6
' .
8
9'
&
&S '
+ <
'
'
/
R<&S
'
&
!
!! " J9
140
/! ) *
& !
7 /
+
%
+&
6
%
'
!! <
"
'
<! "
7 +
!
+
8
<&
>D
>D
)
'
)((
6 &
*D
>D
D
<
*D(
*D
CB
D
<
*D(
*D
CB
D
<
*D(
/9
& /9/
<
9'
<
9'
%
'
8<&
!
'
"
'
/
"
'
'
'
'
! "
'
"
/: '
"
'
'
'
" !
'
'
/ +
!
)(
>@>
!
'
4
'
!
"
!
!
/
'
'!
4
'
"
)D9 )C
>@9 )*
!
141
/+;+;
"
!+
"&
!
!
4
$
!
B
'
@?
* "
C(?
>? *? C?
B(? >(? )(? *(?
'
'
'
B(?9C(?
!
'
!
'
"
!
B((? "
"
'
2
'
-)D
'
'
"
A
'
. "
/: '
'
>@
+
"
'
&
'
! '
'
!
<& > D
" 4 '
'
%
"
AB
'
! +
'
'
D(?
"
4 0
'
&
'
)A9 *(
'
!
BG>
!
142
+
1+*
'!
! "
'!
"
. !' " '
'
!
'
" !!
!
9 2
'!
/!
*B
*>
<9B
!
/ !
9
+
!'
9 2
2
/
/
"
'
!
"
/! +
/!2
'
+
'
!+
'!
'!
/
'
!
' +
4 - .
"
!
" '
'
!
4
" '
'
' +9
'
!
! +
! '
/
!
! '
'
!
/
/
'
'!
#"
/ /! +
' !!+
!
'
'
/! +
2
" '!
/
'
!
+
'
!9"
!'
!+
'
'
'
'
Km 1+000
Unyeghe - Esit
Eket Rd
Km2 +500
Unyeghe - Esit
Eket Rd
Km2 +250
Unyeghe – Stubb
Creek Rd
Km 7 +800
Unyeghe – Stubb
Creek Rd
Km 9 + 400
Unyeghe – Stubb
Creek Rd
Mbo bridge
Area
2
3
4
5
6
Location
1
Sample
No
32
37
37
29
36
32
Liquid Limit
LL
Atterberg Limits
25
20
21
25
22
20
Plastic limit
PL
7
17
16
4
14
12
Plastic Index
PI
Table 4.1 Classification of Mbo Residual Soil Samples
99.6
99.96
99.9
100
98.3
100
2.36
96
98.51
99.4
98.6
93.9
97
1.25
83
88.37
97.7
92.8
84.8
84
0.600
73.6
78.51
95.8
87.4
77
73
0.425
60.4
65.43
90
75.2
62.7
62
0.300
Percentage passing sieve openings in mm
36.2
47.69
50.1
47.2
41.2
41
0.150
21
39
33
35.4
30.3
29
0.075
A-2-6
A -2-4
A -2- 6
A -2-4
A -2-5
A -2-6
AASHTO
SC
SM
SC
SM
SM
SC
USCS
Classification
143
=
BGD(
BGG(
>(B(
>(*(
>(*(
BGB(
BGC(
B@>(
(
B(
>(
)(
*(
D(
C(
A(
)
5 $
%
%/
?
+
<7 * >
BD )
AC
C)
@>
@)
@)
@D
BB *
?
%
!& !
*)
C*
BA
BG
>B
GG
>G
)(
)>
)>
77
>@
+
B*(
B(*
AB
DC
CC
?
<
=
3&
7
7
7
>>
>)
>)
>)
>(
7
!
C
C
A
G
7
7
7
B>
B
?
&
BD
BG
)(
>)
>D
>C
>@ (
>G
>((
3B9/
9B 9 /
9B3/
9>3*
9 > 9*
9 > 9D
9>9D
9 > 9C
&8
7 &&
&%
&%
&%
&%
&%
&%
&%
&
& &
144
Fig.4.1 Consistency limits of Mbo residual soil at plain condition
145
146
'
!
'
* ! '
!
>((
>B?
))?
!
' +
'! +
+ ' !'
>(?
'
!
BC
! "
4
!# ' <
>(? ,
!!+
'
!
%
/
*B /
/!2
'
'
!
/!
*)
!,
'
B
!
&
"
#"
!
,
4 /
!'
+
'
''
'
+
*>
"
!
.!' " '+
!
'+ !
+
BC " !
&
>G?
' 8 "
2
!
9>9C
'
'
*C
&8
/
'
"
"
'!
<
!
'+ !
!
+
'
'
4
4
G "
"
!
' /!
'
' +
"
)A?
"
'
!
'! + +
4
4
1+-
4
!
3 & //
'
'
!
!
'
!+
+
!,
4
'
%/
AV@(( !
& %
& & '!
4
/
*D
/!
! '
'
4
' !!+
/!2
'
)(
>G
>@
>B
BG
BA
)*
>G
>A
>C
>D
B@
B@
)(
_&=>(<
&=)(
&=*(
&=D(
&=C(
` &=A(#
&=B(
&=>(<
&=)(
&=*(
&=D(
&=C(
&=A(#
&=B(
7
)>
7,
V&=B(
&$
/! * )
-77.
!
'+ 7
>(
7
7
>(
>(
>(
>(
BG
7
7
7
>>
>)
>)
>)
'7
- 7.
!'
!
D
C
A
G
D
C
C
A
G
7
7
7
7
7
B(
' +
4- .
B(? 9A(? =
%
+
BG>(
BA@(
BA@(
BG@(
BGD(
BG)(
BGB(
>(((
BG((
B@>(
BGC(
BGB(
>(*(
>(B(
BGG(
5 $
)
BB D
B> C
@D
CA
CA
CB
@D
C>
BD )
AC
C)
@>
@)
@)
@D
% -?.
D>
*D
D(
@G
B>@
@C
C@
D*
*)
C*
GG
B*(
B(*
AB
DC
< -?.
147
>A
>C
B@
BC
)B
>G
>A
>(
>C
BC
BG
&=*(
&=D(
&=C(
&=A(#
&=B(
&=>(<
&=)(
&=*(
&=D(
&=C(
&=A(#
'
>@
&=)(
4
>A
&=>(<
'
B9 *
7
7
>(
BD
BG
>(
>)
7
7
BC
BG
>>
BG
C
D
@
G
@
7
7
7
7
B(
@
C
@
BAC(
BGG(
>()(
>(D(
>(C(
>(B(
B@G(
>(*(
>(@(
>()(
>(A(
>(>(
>(B(
B> D
@>
BB D
@*
A@
B> )
C>
@B
@C
B( B
G>
@)
BB D
*>
CD
@@
BBB
B(B
G@
C)
*>
DC
@)
BBA
@B
@)
148
>)
>@
B@
>(
B*
B@
)*
))
>G
>C
B@
BG
BA
)B
& >(<
& )(
& *(
& D(
& C(
& A(#
& B(
& >(<
& )(
& *(
& D(
& C(
V& A(#
& B(
7
)A
7,
-77.
'+ 7
& B(
&$
/! * *
!
>)
7
7
7
>>
BG
>*
>)
7
7
7
7
>(
BD
>D
'7
!'
- 7.
!
B(? 9 A(?
7
7
7
7
@
*
7
7
7
B(
G
BB
@
@
B>
' +
4- .
&
%
BG>(
BA)(
B@@(
BGA(
>B*(
>(>(
BG*(
B@@(
BG)(
BG((
BGC(
>B)(
>(C(
BG*(
>(((
5 $ )
GD
B> @
B(
B( A
A@
G@
BB D
B( C
@)
CA
B( C
GC
AC
B( *
B( C
% -?.
D>
@)
CA
AB
BB(
@C
AD
CD
@)
CA
AB
BB(
@C
AD
C(
< -?.
149
>A
>D
>(
BA
)B
>@
>A
>*
>)
>(
BA
& *(
& D(
& C(
& A(#
& B(
& >(<
& )(
& *(
& D(
& C(
& A(#
'
>@
& )(
4
)(
& >(<
'
D9 @
7
7
>(
BG
>B
BG
>B
7
7
>B
>(
>B
B@
7
7
)
D
C
G
7
7
B(
*
A
A
B>
B@*(
>(>(
>(D(
BG)(
>(C(
BG)(
B@C(
B@*(
B@)(
BG>(
>(C(
BGB(
BGG(
B) B
@(
B( *
B> >
@>
B> D
GA
B> (
BB A
BB B
@)
BB C
B> @
BA
A(
@>
G(
@>
A(
**
DA
C*
@(
GD
@)
A*
150
>A
>A
>C
B@
>@
>A
>A
>C
B@
>G
>@
>C
B@
>G
& *<
& C
& @
& B(
& >
& *<
& C
& @
& B(
& >
& *<
_& C
& @
& B(
7
>@
7,
'+ 7
& >
&$
/! * D
-77.
!
!'
7
>(
>(
>>
>B
7
>>
>B
>(
>(
7
>>
>B
>(
>(
'7
- 7.
>?9B(?
!
' +
+
C
C
*
@
*
C
A
@
*
C
A
@
7
7
7
4- .
!
'
%
>(@(
>(A(
>(D(
>B)(
>(C(
>()(
>(A(
>(*(
>(A(
>(@(
>(D(
>(D(
>(D(
>(C(
>B>(
5 $ )
BD C
B) A
GA
B) D
BB C
BD >
B* B
B> *
BB A
B) @
B* C
B* G
B( G
B* D
BB D
% -?.
B(@
G*
@A
@>
AA
BB(
GC
@)
AG
A)
B>A
B>B
BBD
GC
@>
< -?.
151
4
B@
& B(
)B
>@
>G
>@
BG
)(
>D
&7*<
&7C
&7@
&7B(
&7>
&7*<
7
V&7>
&$
/! * C
7,
BA
& @
'+ 7
>C
& C
'
>C
& *<
'
>@
& >
-77.
G9 BB
!
!'
B@
>B
7
>)
>)
>(
>>
'7
7
7
>>
>B
>(
- 7.
>?9B(? 7
!
' +
A
G
D
C
@
G
D
A
@
7
7
7
4- .
%
>(C(
BG>(
BG@(
BG@(
BGG(
>B((
BG*(
5 $ )
>(C(
>(A(
>(*(
BG*(
>B((
BB D
B> *
@>
@D
@D
@G
@>
% -?.
BD (
B) >
B> G
B> @
BB @
G>
@(
BB(
G@
B(D
G>
AC
< -?.
BB(
GD
@A
@B
A(
152
)B
>A
>@
>@
>(
)(
)(
)(
>B
B@
&7>
&7*<
&7C
&7@
&7B(
&7>
&7*<
&7C
&7@
&7B(
'
BG
&7B(
'
>C
&7@
4
)(
&7C
B>9 BC
7
7
>*
>>
>(
7
>B
>(
>B
>B
7
>B
>B
7
7
C
@
7
7
B(
A
@
C
B(
D
G
BGA(
BGD(
BG)(
BG)(
>(G(
>B)(
>(*(
BG@(
>(D(
>(((
>(@(
>(C(
>(G(
@G
B> *
B( *
BB D
CB
@C
B( )
BB *
@D
G)
B> B
B* @
BD (
B*D
B*(
G@
@D
@(
BCG
G>
G@
@C
@>
B>(
BB(
GG
153
* >J H
'
1A
1B
1C
1D
'+ !
2A
2B
2C
2D
!'
(a)
3A
3B
3C
3D
=
1A
1B
1C
1D
+
4A
4B
4C
4D
-&=.
2A
2B
2C
2D
-'.
3A
3B
3C
3D
1A
1B
1C
1D
4A
4B
4C
4D
2A
2B
2C
2D
-/.
4A
4B
4C
4D
A indicates sample from location 1
B indicates sample from location 2
C indicates sample from location 3
D indicates sample from location 4
3A
3B
3C
3D
154
* )J H
1A
1B
1C
1D
'
'+ !
2A
2B
2C
2D
(a)
!'
3A
3B
3C
3D
&
1A
1B
1C
1D
4A
4B
4C
4D
-& .
2A
2B
2C
2D
-'.
3A
3B
3C
3D
1A
1B
1C
1D
4A
4B
4C
4D
2A
2B
2C
2D
-/.
4A
4B
4C
4D
A indicates sample from location 1
B indicates sample from location 2
C indicates sample from location 3
D indicates sample from location 4
3A
3B
3C
3D
155
156
1A
1B
1C
1D
2A
2B
2C
2D
3A
3B
3C
3D
4A
4B
4C
4D
1A
1B
1C
1D
2A
2B
2C
2D
(a)
2A
2B
2C
2D
3A
3B
3C
3D
-'.
'
'+ !
4A
4B
4C
4D
(b)
1A
1B
1C
1D
* *J H
3A
3B
3C
3D
!'
+
!
-& .
4A
4B
4C
4D
A indicates sample from location 1
B indicates sample from location 2
C indicates sample from location 3
D indicates sample from location 4
157
1A
1B
1C
1D
2A
2B
2C
2D
3A
3B
3C
3D
4A
4B
4C
4D
1A
1B
1C
1D
2A
2B
2C
2D
(a)
'
'+ !
4A
4B
4C
4D
(b)
1A
1B
1C
1D
* DJ H
3A
3B
3C
3D
!'
7
-&7.
2A
2B
2C
2D
-'.
3A
3B
3C
3D
4A
4B
4C
4D
A indicates sample from location 1
B indicates sample from location 2
C indicates sample from location 3
D indicates sample from location 4
158
*>9*D
'
/!2
'
,
9 !
+
!
+
!
' +
/
D(? " !!
' +
4
/ "
+
@?
'
!
' +
4
#"
!
'
'
4
*?
@? &
D?
4
9 !
! !+
9 !
B(?
%/
+
'
'
' " !
'
'!
!
!
'
"
.!' " '
/
'
/9
'
!
9
'!
' !+
/
+
+
!
!
4
/! * A
'
!'
'
!
'
' 8 "
'
'
'
4
' +
" "
!
'
9 !
4
/ "
/+
!!
B(? 6
B>?
/ "
! " !!
// 9
D?
4
/!2
'
/
D(? " !!
" !!
"& !
'
!
@? " !!
+
"
!
)?
'
!!
4
!
!'
4
/ "
' +
!
+
/
/
!!+ /
1+/
'
'
!
' +
4
'
'
' !!+ /
!
+
'
!
/
/
4
4
+ %
'
+
!
/! ) B
'
"
+ '
'
!
- . %
/ "
159
!
<
<
!
"
/! * A %/
!& !
&
!
%
5 $
- .
<
!
* C- .9-'.
'
!
%
)
%/
<
?
?
?
B
BGD(
BB *
CC
>G
>
BG@(
B( B
C(
)(
)
BG*(
GD
C*
)D
*
BGC(
B( A
CB
))
D
>(>(
B( >
CD
)G
C
BG@(
AD
)B
>B
160
- .
-/.
-'.
*C
!
!'
'
!
'
161
1+1 >.! % .
!
,
/! * ) =
&
!# ' <! "
+
'
+
"
9&
*A - .
-'.
"
!
%
!'
'
'
'
A( ? -#.
!+
<
! '
/!2
!"
! ' !!+ ,
4
!
/
+
'
<
? - .
%
+ %
%
B
*
,
!
'
+
<
+
B(
162
*A
!
!
,
+
/!2
&J
SQ1A – 1G indicates sample from location 1
SQ2A – 2G indicates sample from location 2
SQ3A – 3G indicates sample from location 3
SQ4A – 4G indicates sample from location 4
163
*A - .
%
/
"
)
>(C( $
)(? B(? *(?
+
>(*(
+
)
)
BGB( $
AB? C@? @)? C@?
/
+
9
!
9
!
!
'!
!
!
!
!
'
!
+
!
9 !
'
)
!+
'
'
'
,
/ "
+
:'
'
!
'
!+
>((( $
'!
"
'!
'!
'
'
)
'
! "
'
'
1+3
!
*
/
/!
! / '
'!
'
@ )?
>(B( $
!
,
+
'
'
)
>(A( $
B > )
<
>(B( $
)
$
,
! '
%
%
>(((
!
!
,
"
)
'
)(?
'
$
'
/
/+ '
'
'
!
'
+
$
!
!# ' <! "
*@ - .
+
"
'
!
'
!
%
! '
!
)
>(C( $
)
>(C( $
%
<
GD? @>?
!
'
9 !
4
B > )
/
>(C( $
)(? *(? *(? )(?
!
'
'
)
>B*( $
'
'
)
!+
A C? A @? @ )? @ >?
!+
'"
*
+
@C? B((?
'
%
, !!+
164
/
'
!
9
!
+ 4 !
'
!
!/
**
&J
SR1A – 1G indicates sand/soil sample from location 1
SR2A – 2G indicates sand/soil sample from location 2
SR3A – 3G indicates sand/soil sample from location 3
SR4A – 4G indicates sand/soil sample from location 4
*@
1+5
!
!
! % " '!
/!2
&
!# ' <! "
165
*G - .
)
%
*
>(C( $
!
+
)
>B(( $
'
!
)
<
@>? A)? @>? A(?
)(?
@(?
!
'
%
!
/
'
'
)
!+
-'. <
!
/9/
!+
!
BB >?
>(@( $
"
!
9 <
>?
*G - .
' '
'
>?
)
B >
BB D? BB C? B) D? BB @?
!+ &
<
! '
>B>( $
>?
!
'
'
>?
'
>?
%
%6 I 8 -BGGA.
!
*G - .
! '
BI)
@(?
%
/
'
-'.
%/
>B(( $
!
)
!
166
&J
SC1A – 1E indicates sample from location 1
SC2A – 2E indicates sample from location 2
SC3A – 3E indicates sample from location 3
SC4A – 4E indicates sample from location 4
Fig.4.9 Residual soil and ordinary Portland cement stabilization.
167
1+6
&
!# ' <! "
7
& /!2
!
4
'+
%
!
*
!
'
)
/
!!
*?
'!
!
&
>(G( $
)
/
)
!
'
/
%
!!
>(G( $
)
@(?
'
<
!
G>? GG? @C? @(?
'
/+ %6 I 8
! + !
9'
B > )
!
/
/!
"
!
!
' '
!
! '
<
>(D( $
/
* B( - .
!
%
-BGGA.
" !!
!
'
8 "
>B(( $
!+ ' '
!
%
!
'
/!2
'
'
%/
168
&J
SL1A – 1E indicates sample from location 1
SL2A – 2E indicates sample from location 2
SL3A – 3E indicates sample from location 3
SL4A – 4E indicates sample from location 4
* B(
!
!
!
/!2
169
1+;
#"
/!
.!' " '!
*@
* BB
!
!
! '
'
!
@@?
!
)
>(*( $
!+
@*?
'
!
%
!+
@>?
!
!
)
>()( $ ) >(D( $
BBA?
'
/ "
B> *?
%
B(B?
" ! /
!2
!
<
)
!'
! /
!
! ! '
"
'
"
"
/!2
G*? GB?
'
' !
'
'
'
'
>? '
/
! ! '
<
+
/!2
/!+ /
@(?
!
BB*? BBD? B>D?
!+ !!
/!
! /!
@? B(?
>(C( $
!
BB(?
>()( $ )
'
BB(?
-BGGA. " '
!+
<
!
'
)
B(B?
)
C? B(?
%
%/
!
>(*( $
BB(? BB>? BBA? BB*?
B* >?
B(?
'
GB?
B(?
'
+
>(A( $
!+
G*?
<
'
!
!
9
/9/
>? '
'
'
'
/
<
)
>()( $ ) >(*( $ ) >(C( $ )
'
%/
,
6
>(*( $
!+ "
!
!
%
)
/
"
'
!
>(D( $
"
*"
/!2
!+
!# ' <! "
* B)
B > )
9
/
!
* BB
'
'
&
! !
/+ %6 I 8
'
'
'
170
/!
* @ %/
7 '
B
Cement Content (%)
! & !
Sand Content (%)
9&
MDD(kg/m3)
& /!2
OMC (%)
9 &
!
Soaked CBR
(%)
2
4
6
8
0
1810
8.4
82
10
2040
14.2
94
20
2030
12.4
108
30
2040
11.4
117
40
2050
12.5
122
50
2060
12.4
130
0
2060
13.8
73
10
2050
10.5
96
20
2060
12.4
109
30
2070
9.9
118
40
2100
10.5
128
50
2080
10.5
136
0
2050
10.3
77
10
2030
8.6
110
20
2050
7.7
117
30
2090
11
129
40
2080
8.2
140
50
2100
8.7
148
0
2050
14.7
70
10
2030
6.7
114
20
2060
6.5
130
30
2090
6.7
140
40
2080
12.6
152
50
2020
6.4
145
171
(a)
* BB
!
!
'
9
/!2
9! '
B
172
/! * G % /
7 '
!& !
9&
& /!2
9&
!
>
Cement Content
Sand Content
MDD
OMC
Soaked CBR
(%)
(%)
(kg/m3)
(%)
(%)
0
2080
13.4
73
10
2040
12.4
91
20
2040
11.5
106
30
2050
9.9
117
40
2060
11.3
118
50
2070
12.1
128
0
2070
11.3
79
10
2050
9.1
102
20
2050
10.5
109
30
2070
9.9
118
40
2090
10.2
126
50
2120
10.9
137
0
2040
12.8
83
10
2060
10.8
112
20
2080
8.2
119
30
2090
10.8
129
40
2100
7.9
139
50
2100
8.1
148
0
2070
13.6
96
10
2070
8.6
115
20
2100
7.2
129
30
2090
8.6
141
40
2040
13.6
151
50
2120
9.2
166
2
4
6
8
173
* B>
!& !
&
& /!2
7 '
>
174
/! * B( %/
7 '
!& !
9&
& /!2
9&
!
)
Cement Content
(%)
2
4
6
8
Sand Content
MDD
3
OMC
Soaked CBR
(%)
(kg/m )
(%)
(%)
0
2060
11.4
79
10
2050
12.4
101
20
2050
12.5
113
30
2060
10.2
120
40
2070
10.8
134
50
2080
10.4
138
0
2130
13.1
82
10
2030
10.2
118
20
2070
12.4
126
30
2050
9.8
131
40
2080
10.6
148
50
2100
9.9
150
0
2050
11.8
87
10
2040
8.3
117
20
2080
7.9
120
30
2060
12.5
135
40
2090
8.5
145
50
2090
8.4
162
0
2070
13.2
94
10
2070
8.5
125
20
2080
8.9
131
30
2110
8.8
135
40
2050
12.7
153
50
2120
8.6
168
175
* B)
!& !
9&
& /!2
97 '
)
176
/! * BB %/
7 '
!& !
9&
& /!2
9&
!
*
OMC
Soaked CBR
(kg/m )
(%)
(%)
0
2100
11.2
70
10
2040
12.4
110
20
2030
9.1
119
30
2040
9.5
128
40
2050
10.4
140
50
2070
10.8
149
0
1940
12.3
81
10
2040
10.7
107
20
2050
12.6
124
30
2060
10.4
135
40
2080
10.8
140
50
2100
11
152
0
2040
12.9
87
10
2060
7.4
114
20
2080
11.8
128
30
2060
12.5
138
40
2110
10.8
155
50
2130
10.4
164
0
2060
15.1
95
10
2060
9.8
117
20
2090
9.6
130
30
2120
9.4
148
40
2060
10.3
162
50
2140
9.2
174
Cement Content
Sand Content
MDD
(%)
(%)
2
4
6
8
3
177
* B*
!& !
&
& /!2
97 '
*
178
1+= "& ! ! $
"& !
" @ #"
" !!
'
'
4
'
'
-/
4
'
'
'
'
'
-
!
'
"
+
"
! +
/
+
/!
)(.
' \
*
'
!+
!
/! * B>
* B)
!
2J <
'
8
%/
"
'
"
+<
D !+
*D(
!+
"
)! +
*D
>
'
>D 9
'
-6 &. '
>D /! "
! '
'
>D
&
+
>((.
6
!
'
/
4 .
+ '
/
!
'
-
'
$
/
!+ )C )?
!
.!' " '!
&
D
&
-8<&. '
'
'
!
!! '
!!
* BD
" ! '
!
/
"
'
* BC
"
'
<&
!+
!
!
6 &'
'
!
/
%
''
! "
'
D?
!
!
+
"
'
@(? /+ %6 I 8 -BGGA.
<
"
4
+'
8<& '
' 6
*D
<
<
+
-<&.
CB /! "
CB /! "
!
!/
/ ! "
' '
! '
/+ !
/
/
-B)>? B)*?
'
-A C? G *?.
>B(( $
/
! '
)
>(B( $
)
.
179
'
!
/ '
% 4
!
'!
+
+ -%
!
/
!
." !
/
'
!
!
!
'
'
'
<
- < .
'
8 '
!
'
'
/! * B>
'
3 %/
!& !
SAMPLE LOCATION 2
River Sand Content (%)
MDD(kg/m3)
OMC (%)
BS COMPACTION 2.5kg -3 Layers – 61 blows
10
1790
14.1
20
1890
10.3
30
1860
11.3
40
1880
12.3
50
1930
9.1
60
1880
10.6
70
1940
6.2
WAS COMPACTION 4.5kg-5 Layers – 25 blows
10
2000
9.2
20
1990
9.8
30
1900
11.8
40
1740
14.6
50
2060
8.6
60
1970
9.8
70
1810
6
HBS COMPACTION 4.5kg-5 Layers – 61 blows
10
1970
9.2
20
2030
9.1
30
2010
8.4
40
2100
7.2
50
2030
8.3
60
2100
7.6
70
2020
8.9
&
CBR (%)
16
17
18
22
34
26
32
32
34
36
38
39
43
40
97
104
109
116
132
132
110
180
- .
-/.
* BD
'
"
&
37 '
>
181
/! * B)
'
3 %/
!& !
&
SAMPLE LOCATION 4
River Sand Content (%)
MDD(kg/m3)
OMC (%)
CBR (%)
BS COMPACTION 2.5kg-3 Layers – 61 blows
10
1790
13.6
14
20
1920
10.5
15
30
1890
10.4
16
40
1870
11.5
19
50
1930
7.5
31
60
1940
9.7
32
70
1970
7.1
25
WAS COMPACTION 4.5kg-5 Layers – 25 blows
10
1900
14
31
20
1990
10.6
32
30
1940
11.5
35
40
1960
10.5
37
50
1980
10
38
60
1970
12.2
40
70
2000
13.5
46
HBS COMPACTION 4.5kg-5 Layers – 61 blows
10
2040
8.4
94
20
2040
8.9
99
30
2080
6.7
110
40
2040
6.7
119
50
2010
9.4
134
60
2000
8.3
130
70
2050
6.5
114
182
- .
-/.
* BC
'
"
&
37 '
*
183
1+*A "& ! ! $
/!
* B*
"& !
* BD -/
!
4
/! '
! '
>
'
'
"
#"
.!' " '!
'
'
'
"
!
'
4
+
+
8 "
!
)B 3
%/
*
)*.
!
!
/
<&
'
" !!
!
<
!! "
6 &'
'
<
* BA - .
>
!
<
!
* B@ - .
!
-/.
/
%
-/.
!
! '
"
!
'
' !+
<
&
!
! '
'
"
! '
*
!+
%
!!+ "
'
'
'
'!
'
! /
!2
<
,
!
' '
%/
'
<
'
!
'
!'
'
!
!
/+ %6 I 8 -BGGA.
!+ >? '
'
'
'
%
'
!
'
/
B(?
!! / "
'
" !!
@(?
@ *?
)D9 )C.
'
!+
!+
>)?
/!
CC?
//
184
/! * B*
'
3 %/
!& !
SAMPLE LOCATION 2
Cement Content (%)
MDD(kg/m3)
OMC (%)
Soaked CBR (%)
BS COMPACTION 2.5kg-3 Layers – 25 blows
2
1900
10.4
80
4
1940
12.3
88
6
1950
13.1
97
8
1960
14
105
10
1980
15.2
118
12
2000
15.8
124
WAS COMPACTION 4.5kg-5 Layers – 25 blows
2
1980
9
85
4
2020
9.4
94
6
2050
9.6
111
8
2060
10.2
115
10
2050
11.6
125
12
2060
13.4
132
185
Fig. 4.17 Comparative Compaction – Mbo Residual Soil and Cement – Location 2
186
/! * BD
'
3 %/
!& !
SAMPLE LOCATION 4
Cement Content
MDD
OMC
Soaked CBR
(%)
(kg/m3)
(%)
(%)
BS COMPACTION 2.5kg-3 Layers – 25 blows
2
1880
8.6
79
4
1910
10
85
6
1910
10.1
92
8
1950
10.3
104
10
1940
11.6
114
12
1960
12
123
WAS COMPACTION 4.5kg-5 Layers – 25 blows
2
1980
10.6
84
4
1900
10.2
91
6
1910
9.8
109
8
1930
9.3
114
10
1960
8.6
123
12
1970
8.4
129
187
-.
Fig. 4.18 Comparative Compaction – Mbo Residual Soil and Cement – Location 4.
188
1+** "& ! ! $
" ! !'%
"
'!
&
!
&
@ !
!# ' <! "
+
!
/!2
%/
'
'
!
!
!
'
'
/
<
-BGGA. 8 "
'
'
+
'
'
'
'
'
! 4
'
'
/! * BC
'
7 '
'
B
*
/!2
'
%6 I 8
/
'
/!2
%
/+
"
9 !
!
>?
! +
3
'
!'
!
! /
!
9
3
9
%
<
?
?
?
>
BB >
>B>(
@>
*
B) @
>(C(
GC
C
B( )
>(D(
BBD
@
B* A
>(D(
B(
B* >
>(D(
'
&
'
/!2
/!2
%
'
%
<
?
?
?
(
@*
B@B(
@>
B(
B* >
>(*(
G*
>(
B> *
>()(
B(@
B>B
)(
BB *
>(*(
BBA
B>A
*(
B> D
>(D(
B>>
D(
B> *
>(C(
B)(
>
>
BB >
>B((
A)
(
BB >
>B((
A(
*
B> )
BG*(
AG
B(
B> *
>(*(
BB(
C
B> G
>(*(
@)
>(
GB
>()(
BBG
@
B) >
>(A(
GC
)(
GD
>(*(
B>@
B(
B( B
>(C(
BB(
*(
B( *
>(D(
B*(
D(
B( @
>(A(
B*G
>
189
/! * BC
!
<
'
'
'
G@?
3
!'
/!2
!
!
>? '
'
<
!
/
%/
<
'
!
!
!
@>?
B>>?
/
'
&
'
/
7
' !!+
B(
!! "
/
"+
'!
!
/
'
" !!
/!2
/
! +/ "
!
!
'
/ "
'
/
!
'
/
,
'
!
BD(
,
)
>(( $
B(
'
'
-
BC @((
/
/: '
"
,
D(
!
'
!
/
"
'
.
'
!/
'
BB >
!
+
- BA((.
)*$
! !+
!
/
"
'
+
'
>? '
/
/! &
! /
!
D@?
'
- >($ .
!
*(?
,
!
/
!
'
) )C( (((
'
'
'
" !!
'
9
!
/! * BA '
'
9
/!2
%/
)
190
/! * BA
!+ J !
'
3&
& /!2
!
9&
!
!
!'
!
'
!
'
=
+
+
!
!
'
=
&
'
'
'
'
G@?
>?
B((?
@@?
B(?
>?
B((?
) >>C G**
CA >((
) )C( (((
> GDC @((
))C (((
CA >((
) )C( (((
BD$
)*$
*G
BD$
B@$
)*$
CA$
*@ *(* BC( ((
> >@* @(( ((
D( C@@ GC( ((
** )D> ((( ((
C (*@ ((( ((
> >@* @(( ((
D> C@* @(( ((
GC?
*?
B((?
A@?
>(?
>?
B((?
) >>D C((
B)* *((
) )C( (((
> C>( @((
CA> (((
CA >((
) )C( (((
BD$
)*$
*G$
BD$
B@$
)*$
CA$
*@ )@* (((
* DCG C(( ((
D> GD) C(( ((
)G )B> ((( ((
B> (GC ((( (
> >@* @(( ((
DD ()C @(( ((
(
=
+
G*?
C?
B((?
C@?
)(?
>?
B((?
) BD@ *((
>(B C((
) )C( (((
> >@* @((
B ((@ (((
CA >((
) )C( (((
BD$
)*$
*G$
BD$
B@$
)*$
CA$
*A )AC ((( ((
C @D* *(( ((
D* >)( *(( ((
)* >A> ((( ((
B@ B** ((( (
> >@* @(( ((
D* A(( @(( ((
(
' !
/
"
! +
<
GC?
B(?
' !!+
'
!
B(
:
>? '
/
'
<
" + <
" !!
'
!"
D> GD* C(( ((
>? '
D> C@* @(( ((
'
GC?
@@?
G*?
<
*? !
'
@@?
!
G*?
!
'
'
' !!+
!
! B(?
191
1+*-
"
&
"&
!
/!
$
40
'
4
'
'
-
!
! '' !
'
.
>@
@? /+
+"
B(?
C(?
'
B
*
A9 +
'
!+
!
>@9 + '
!
'
E5
'
22
22 !
>@
'
" !!
'
!
'
/! +
'
'
/
!+
9
9
!
!
!
! '
! "
!
'
!
'
'
'
,
!
'
!
!+
%/
!+
!
C? '
!! "
C(? $ )*?
+.
'
'
!
'
!
'
!
!
'
>((>F
!
%/
'
-A
/
3
* BG 3 * >>. "
'
!!
3
'
-
+
!
'
4'
'
>?
" !
"
/+ ' 9
+
'
'
)A9 *(.
'
A
! '
! '
.!' " ' !
"& "
* B@9* >B -/
'
#"
!
$
!
9'
!
!9
4
!
!
! '
B
B(? $ @*? >(? $ A*? )(? $ C*? *(? $ D*?
!
>B> >>( >*) >DD5
'
'
'
!
!+
A + '
BAB >((
192
>@ + '
!
'
.
/!2
'
'
"
-?
'
'
" !!
'
! >((@F
!
'
2
!
22 !
'
'
'.
8 "
!
4 /
+
/+
!,
!
!
!' /
E
!
"
'
'+
-+
' !'
' +.
'
'
/!
/ ! + -/
/
'
'
!/
-/
'
4
.
!
9
! '' !
4'
." '
'
! " '
4'
'
"
-'
/
!9 '
'
'
/
/+ ' 9
!
!
>>B >)@ >@* )(> )B) ))G5
'
!
,
'
!+
!
/ "
!+
!
193
/! * B@
'
&
&
A9
Cement Content (%)
2
4
6
8
* BG
9 %/
+
Sand Content (%) Age(days)
SAMPLE LOCATION 1
10
7
20
7
30
7
40
7
50
7
60
7
10
7
20
7
30
7
40
7
50
7
60
7
10
7
20
7
30
7
40
7
50
7
60
7
10
7
20
7
30
7
40
7
50
7
60
7
&
! & !
A3
+
Compressive Strength(KPa)
80
86
115
120
105
58
111
125
152
165
175
177
171
200
212
220
243
255
267
280
291
299
310
321
37 '
B
194
/! * BG
'
&
&
A9
Cement Content (%)
2
4
6
8
* >(
9 %/
+
Sand Content (%) Age(days)
SAMPLE LOCATION 4
10
7
20
7
30
7
40
7
50
7
60
7
10
7
20
7
30
7
40
7
50
7
60
7
10
7
20
7
30
7
40
7
50
7
60
7
10
7
20
7
30
7
40
7
50
7
60
7
&
! & !
A9
+
Compressive Strength(KPa)
80
88
117
124
110
60
117
137
154
165
169
179
127
164
169
178
209
236
262
283
299
319
338
355
37 '
*
195
/! * >(
'
&
&
>@9
Cement Content (%)
2
4
6
8
* >B
3 %/
+
Sand Content (%) Age(days)
SAMPLE LOCATION 1
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
&
! & !
>@9
+
Compressive Strength(KPa)
144
158
178
186
183
163
180
204
209
230
261
285
221
238
284
302
313
339
360
372
386
396
404
410
37 '
B
196
/! * >B
'
&
&
>@9
Cement Content (%)
2
4
6
8
* >>
3 %/
+
Sand Content (%) Age(days)
SAMPLE LOCATION 4
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
&
! & !
>@9
+
Compressive Strength(KPa)
152
163
177
170
146
195
201
210
222
232
244
233
262
270
278
291
333
350
359
366
378
396
407
418
37 '
*
197
1+*/
.' '
" '
!
!
!
!
4
"
!'%
!
'
2
"
/!
/!
/!
W
' !
-4 .
/ ,
'
4B 4> 4)
!
4
4*
!
'
! ,
+
J
a+W b Vb a4 Vb a4 Vb a4 Vb a4
9
9
9
B
9
9
9
a4 +W b a4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 YVb a4 4 Vb a4>4 9
9
9
)
a4 +W b a4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 Y Vb a4 4
9
9
9
9
9
a4 +W b a4 Vb a4 YVb a4 4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 4
>
*
a4 +W b a4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 Y
n
D
J
//
4> a4 +
a 4B +
i=B
,
4
+
+
/
a4
n
!! "
/
'
/+ 4B 4> 4)
J-
" !! /
+ !
!
!
! '
"
+
'
-=.
!
+
'
!+
BC@. &
'
/!
+
'
'
-6.
'
"
'
,
/! * >>
+
BCG 3 BAB
'
/! * ) ."
+- .
/!2
/!2
bW '
-
'
a 4B
i=B
i=B
W
4' ! /
'
a 4B a4 4
/!2
- < .
9
n
!'
!
9
* >) 3 * >D
!
'
" '
198
199
b
b
b
b
b
b
bC
b
b
b
200
•
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
bC
b
b
201
202
b
b
b
b
b
b
bC
b
b
b
XO
X1
X2
X3
X4
X12
X22
X32
X42
X1X2
X1X3
X1X4
X2X3
X2X4
X3X4
24
2
10
2.04
12.4
4
100
4.16
153.8
20
4.08
24.8
20.4
124
25.29
2
2
20
2.04
11.4
4
400
4.16
132.3
40
4.08
22.8
40.8
228
23.46
10
2
30
2.05
9
4
900
4.2
98.01
60
4.1
18
61.5
270
20.29
2.04
2
40
2.06
11.3
4
1600
4.24
127.7
80
2.12
22.6
82.4
452
23.28
12.4
2
50
2.07
12.1
4
2500
4.28
146.4
100
2.14
24.2
103.5
605
25.05
4
4
10
2.05
9.1
16
100
4.2
82.81
40
8.2
36.4
20.5
91
18.65
100
4
20
2.05
10.5
16
400
4.2
110.3
80
8.2
42
41
210
21.52
4.16
4
30
2.07
9.9
16
900
4.28
98.01
120
8.28
39.6
62.1
297
20.49
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1872
112320
842400
58163.04
285667.2
524160
30838000
120407.04
203
153.76
4
40
2.09
10.2
16
1600
4.36
104
160
8.36
40.8
83.6
408
21.32
20
4
50
2.12
10.9
16
2500
4.49
118.8
200
8.48
43.6
106
545
23.11
4.08
6
10
2.06
10.8
36
100
4.24
116.6
60
12.36
64.8
20.6
108
22.25
24.8
6
20
2.08
8.2
36
400
4.33
67.24
120
12.48
49.2
41.6
164
17.05
20.4
6
30
2.09
10.8
36
900
4.36
116.6
180
12.54
64.8
62.7
324
22.57
124
6
40
2.1
7.9
36
1600
4.41
62.41
240
12.6
47.4
84
316
16.59
25.29
6
50
2.1
8.1
36
2500
4.41
65.61
300
12.6
48.6
105
405
17.01
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2996285.76
3359600
225300.64
1103731.2
1751630.4
8511984
591346.08
DETERM. =
INVERSE MATRIX
6.02E-05
-7.7E-05
-2.14E-05
8.95E-05
-6.4E-05
0.0007
0.00088
-0.0057
0.006
-0.0017
-2E-04
-7E-05
0.000248
0.000687
-0.00065
b
0
1.285956
2.122839
-51.79706
-4.02507
-2.30555
55.9676
0.651846
0.155448
0.787141
3.238059
-0.62345
-13.1189
-2.34886
0.625253
11.41007
-4.7624
0.15566
7.84512
10.942
-4.2906
80.4344
-3.717
2.18894
-29.844
-3.8
4.92
-95.1
3.289
-2.9481
33.406
-2.294
-0.426
9.8458
6.39434
1.64334
-52.047
-2.074196
0.863966
-8.542392
-5.92223
-3.40701
72.1817
3.163187
1.3172
-20.3556
b
1
b
2
b
3
-0.571864
-0.10956
1.872522
0.257784
-1.312355
-0.030303
0.211832
0.017914
-0.20623
-0.0115
0.268
0.09708
-2.2341
-0.2798
1.18145
-0.1421
1.403
0.147
-0.6118
-0.0716
0.9468
0.0812
-0.6379
-0.0792
-0.748577
0.061322
0.561105
0.084727
-0.12348
-0.02329
b
4
b
0.001038
-0.00109
5.7E-05
-0.00049
0.000479
0.00096
-0.0023
-0.0008
0.003
-0.0013
0.0001
0.00096
5.32E-05
-0.00297
0.001824
b
25.37055
0.046077
0.009846
-0.268241
-0.018429
-1.055837
-0.006849
-26.6488
-0.05466
-0.01136
0.86409
0.026855
1.14484
0.007967
-0.718873
0.002795
0.000969
-0.103507
-0.01837
-0.073995
-0.00134
-1.18289
-0.24446
0.00536
-0.89167
-0.16787
0.330243
-0.00858
2.225833
0.248561
-0.00485
0.396339
0.174243
-0.33259
0.008798
6.11598
0.17388
0.00827
0.03287
0.3335
-0.1753
0.01117
-54.433
-0.2855
0.00506
-0.8919
-0.591
2.10436
0.00473
26.0256
0.39019
-0.0159
0.56519
0.37322
-0.9278
-0.0132
44.18
-0.19
0.008
0.558
0.07
-2.48
-0
-20.938
-0.0862
-0.0056
-0.2609
-0.1824
1.4659
0.0003
-2.275
0.0715
-0.02
0.2912
0.1448
0.3012
-0.012
10.4149
-0.3981
0.00853
-0.1894
-0.527
-0.8682
0.00251
8.245977
0.067368
0.019265
-0.154719
0.147883
-0.519358
0.012677
-16.5402
0.560589
-0.02155
0.143542
0.520459
1.789784
-0.00115
-0.16354
-0.30193
0.013709
-0.09159
-0.28725
-0.6992
-0.00242
b
b
0.055613
-0.64256
0.673002
2.704628
-2.76394
-2.7844
5.17936
-4.9976
1.038
1.5383
-1.341
5.30033
-0.676129
-6.92654
3.652727
Table 4.26 UCS composite matrix for 7 days curing duration
-7.13E+11
=
44481.3305
=
=
=
288124444
-64508173
5
=
=
6
=
-86410.368
-1.729E+09
b
7 =
8 =
9 =
10 =
11 =
12 =
13 =
b
14
b
b
b
b
=
-152103260
2849799788
-7648038.3
-5186588.7
26247.69
-25801403
-14410975
75194656.6
154923.761
113364438
204
B
B
B
B
B
B
B5
B
B
B
Table 4.27 UCS composite matrix for 28 days curing duration
205
b
b
b
b
b
b
bC
b
b
b
206
<
"
=
<
!+
!
+
%/
!
!
( )B)6> V ( (A)=
6
!! " J9
'
'
!
/!2
V ) G*)6 3 ( ((*=> V > B(B
W @* >@( 3 ( A(D= 3 B> >>@
,
'
=W ,
3
V ( (GG=6 V ( (*) 6X X X X X X X X X * B
+
'
W
>
-?.
'
W
4
+
+ -% $
)
. 6
-?.
/!2
W B(D GBA 3 ( *)>
<
> GB)6> V ( >)C
6
'
W
&
W
4
3 ( B** 6 V ( AD>&
W '
'
'
-?.
,
-?. & W
W
+
+ -% $
!
+
!
/ !
3 ( C*D6 9 ( AC*
3
)
. 6
!
>
9 ( (D>6>
9 B B)) 6 X X X X X * )
'
4
*B 3 *)
<
>
V ( DD(
/!2
W ** *@B V( >@@ V B D>B& V > @*G
6
>
-?.
'
9 ( >D@
'
-?.
'
<
V >C>6 3 ( (()
V ( (C* 6 3 ( B(@ 6X X X X X X X X X * >
W
9
3 B >B>
-?. 6 W
+ -% $
)
.
/!
'
/!
* >@ 3 * )(
207
'
&
&A W BBA B(C V A (>(
9( (>B &V( (B(
VB (*A& V * B@A 9 ( BD*
6
>
V ( (BC & V ( (>C
&A
+
'
V ( (B)&> V ( (DG
&>@ W
!+ -
W '
.
V @ (G*& 3 ) (*G
V ( BG(
>
9 ( (*D&> V
9 (>@& X X X X X X X X X X X X X * D
'
W '
'
'
A
-?. & W
>@
'
-?.
- +.
Table 4.28: Multiple Regressed Variables for Measured and Computed CBR values
(quary dust stabilization).
Sample
Dependent Variable
Independent Variables
Location
Optimum
Quarry dust
Maximum
Measured
Computed
Content (%)
dry density moisture
CBR (%)
CBR (%)
3
(mg/m )
content (%)
1
0
1.95
11.4
56
74
2
>
9( (B*& X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X * *
&>@ W BBD >*( V A *)G
( (BB
>
10
1.99
8.5
68
82
20
2.01
8.3
71
83
30
2.04
8.3
104
84
40
1.91
8.2
140
84
50
1.96
6.3
99
74
60
1.82
7.6
64
78
70
1.90
15.3
43
104
0
1.98
10.1
60
77
10
2.00
0.2
54
81
20
1.91
8.5
68
84
30
1.93
6.1
86
96
40
1.95
6.7
128
79
50
1.98
6.7
89
76
60
1.78
8.5
50
82
70
1.78
12.6
45
98
208
Table 4.29: Multiple Regressed Variables for Measured and Computed CBR values
(river sand stabilization).
Sample
Location
Independent Variables
Dependent Variable
River Sand
Maximum
Optimum
Measured
Computed
content (%)
dry density
moisture
CBR (%)
CBR (%)
3
(mg/m )
content (%)
2
56
60
10.1
1.98
0
4
10
2.00
10.6
65
83
20
1.94
10.4
75
91
30
2.06
7.6
86
102
40
2.13
9.6
110
102
50
1.96
10.6
71
101
60
1.90
6.7
67
108
70
1.93
8.3
83
110
0
1.96
10.7
61
72
10
1.86
9.7
66
81
20
1.93
12.5
70
76
30
2.06
8.2
82
101
40
1.93
12.2
90
90
50
2.05
10.4
82
103
60
2.02
8.0
70
110
70
1.84
13.1
17
101
209
Table 4.30 Multiple Regressed Variables for Measured and Computed CBR values
(cement – sand composite stabilization).
Independent Variables
Sand content Maximum dry Optimum
moisture
(%) S
density
content (%) W
(mg/m3) D
0
2.08
13.4
10
2.04
12.4
20
2.04
11.5
30
2.05
9.9
40
2.06
11.3
50
2.07
12.1
Cement
Content
(%)
2
Dependent Variables
Measured
Computed
CBR (%)
CBR (%)
73
91
106
117
118
128
57
86
116
151
178
210
4
0
10
20
30
40
50
2.07
2.05
2.05
2.07
2.07
2.12
11.3
9.1
10.5
9.9
10.2
10.9
79
102
109
118
126
137
43
71
104
136
166
199
6
0
10
20
30
40
50
2.40
2.06
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.10
12.8
10.8
8.2
10.8
7.9
8.1
83
112
119
129
139
148
25
50
83
114
145
176
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
2.07
2.07
2.10
2.09
2.04
2.12
13.6
8.6
7.2
8.6
13.6
9.2
96
115
129
141
151
166
3
31
63
93
119
141
,
+"
8
*B
/
%/
' '
,
!
! " !! / ,
@(?
'
+
)(
'
<
!
'
/
/
*(? /+
%6 I
'
!'
"
! ! '
210
! '
/! * >@ -@*?
<
'
!
+ "
* >G. ' ! /
,
+
" !
*? '
"
*>
%/
/
!
!
!
''
"
<
"
B(?
<
,
B(B? -
''
*)
/!
'
!
)(?
/!
+
! 8 "
' '
/! !
!
'
/!2
!
6
,
GC?.
B(>? -
< !
<
/! * )(.
! "
@(?
!
AB?
211
Tables 4.31 Multipe Regressed Variables for Measured and Computed
UCS Values (Cement – Sand Composite Stabilization after 7 days curing)
Location
Cement
Content C
(%)
2
4
1
6
8
River Sand
Content S
(%)
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
Curing
Duration T
(days)
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Measured
UCSm(KPa)
80
86
115
120
105
158
111
125
152
165
175
177
171
200
212
220
243
255
267
280
291
299
310
321
Computed
UCSt(KPa)
115
128
144
162
182
206
126
139
154
172
192
216
137
149
164
181
201
225
147
158
173
190
209
231
212
Tables 4.32 Multiple Regressed Variables for Measured and Computed
UCS Values (Cement – Sand Composite Stabilization after 28days curing)
Location
Cement
Content C
(%)
River Sand
Content S
(%)
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
2
4
1
6
8
,
**
*D
3 '
'
'
/!2
'
Curing
Duration T
(days)
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
!
'
'
-?.
Computed
UCSc(kPa)
144
158
178
186
183
163
180
204
209
230
261
285
221
238
284
302
313
339
360
372
386
396
404
410
124
184
234
276
309
333
143
203
254
296
329
354
164
224
314
348
382
406
186
247
299
341
375
400
'
%/
!
'
Measured
UCSm(kPa)
!
'!
'
- +.
/!
B>C
B(
BBB
BA>
A
+ '
BCD
'
" !
!/
'
*? '
&
!
+
-?.
* )B
* )>
*(?
!
&
&
B@(
213
>)(
'
&
'
B*)
'
!
>GC
'
''
'
/
/+
>@
/
22 !
+
!'
'
'
4.14 Validity Tests for CBR Equations.
/! * )) * )*
!
<
,
/! * )) H ! +
Maximum
Quarry
dust (Q) dry density3
(D) mg/m
%
1
2
'
- < .
!
Location
* )D
!
*B *>
<
,
Optimum
Moisture
content
(W) %
!
' -` .
*)
*B
X2 = (
/Yq)2
Measured
CBR (Yq)
%
Computed
CBR (Mq)
%
Difference
= Yq - Mq
11.4
66
74
-8
.01469
0
1.95
10
1.99
8.5
68
82
-4
.04238
20
2.01
8.3
71
83
-2
.02856
30
2.04
8.3
104
84
20
.03698
40
1.91
8.2
140
84
56
.16000
50
1.96
6.3
99
74
25
.06376
60
1.82
7.6
64
78
-4
.04785
70
1.90
15.3
43
104
-61
2.01243
Σx2
2.40665
0
1.98
10.1
60
77
-17
.08027
10
2.00
6.2
54
81
-27
.02500
20
1.91
8.5
68
84
-16
.05536
30
1.93
6.1
86
96
-10
.01352
40
1.95
6.7
128
79
49
.14654
50
1.98
6.7
89
76
13
.02133
60
1.78
8.5
50
82
-32
.40960
70
1.78
12.6
45
98
-53
1.38716
Σx2
2.13878
214
Location
/! * )* H !
River Sand
content (R)
%
2
4
+
<
Maximum
dry density
(D) Mg/m3
,
*>
Optimum
moisture
content (W)
%
Measured Computed
CBR
CBR
(Y ) %
(M ) %
Difference
=Y-M
X2 = (
/Y )2
10.1
60
56
-4
.00444
2.04
10.6
65
83
-18
.07668
20
1.94
10.4
75
91
-16
.04551
30
2.06
7.6
86
102
-16
.03461
40
2.13
9.6
110
102
8
.07272
50
1.96
10.6
71
101
30
.17853
60
1.90
6.7
67
108
-41
.03744
70
1.93
8.3
83
110
-27
.10582
0
1.98
10
Σx2
.55575
0
1.96
10.7
61
72
-11
.03251
10
1.86
9.7
66
81
-15
.05165
20
1.93
12.5
70
76
-6
.00734
30
2.06
8.2
82
101
-19
.05368
40
1.93
12.2
90
90
0
-
50
2.05
10.4
82
103
-21
.65580
60
2.02
8.0
70
110
-40
.32653
70
1.84
13.1
67
101
-34
.25751
Σx2
1.38502
215
/! * )D H !
Sample
location
Cement
content
(C) %
+
Sand
content (S)
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
2
<
Maximum
dry density
(D) Mg/m3
,
*)
Optimum
moisture
content (W) %
2.08
2.04
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
Measured
CBR (Yc-s)
13.4
12.4
11.5
9.9
11.3
12.1
(%)
Computed
CBR(Mcs)
(%)
Difference
=YcsMcs)
57
86
116
151
178
210
16
5
-10
-34
-60
-82
73
91
106
117
118
128
X2 = (
.04803
.00301
.00899
.08444
.25854
.41140
.81332
.20765
.09236
.00210
.02326
.10078
.20480
.63095
.48831
.30644
.09151
.01352
.00186
.03579
.93102
1.06347
.53353
.26176
.11588
.04991
.02268
2.04723
Σx2
0
10
20
30
40
50
2
4
2.07
2.05
2.05
2.07
2.09
2.12
11.3
9.1
10.5
9.9
10.2
10.9
79
102
109
118
126
137
43
71
104
136
166
199
36
31
5
-18
-40
-62
Σx2
0
10
20
30
40
50
6
2.04
2.06
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.10
12.8
10.8
8.2
10.8
7.9
8.1
83
112
119
129
139
148
25
50
83
114
145
176
58
62
36
15
-6
-28
Σx2
0
10
20
30
40
50
8
2.07
2.07
2.10
2.09
2.04
2.12
13.6
8.6
7.2
8.6
13.6
9.2
96
115
129
141
151
166
-3
31
63
93
119
141
99
84
66
48
32
25
Σx2
1+*3 !'
/!
'
%
* )C
"
?.! "
* )A
'
'
& -=.
' -` . /
*D
'
& - .
!
!
!
"
,
/ Ycs)2
**
216
Tables 4.36 Validity Test for UCS Equation 4.4
Sample
Location
Cement
Content C
(%)
2
1
4
6
8
River
Sand
Content S
(%)
Curing
Duration
T (days)
Measured
UCS (Q7)
(KPa)
Computed
UCS (U7)
(KPa)
10
20
30
40
50
60
7
7
7
7
7
7
80
86
115
120
105
158
115
128
144
162
182
206
10
20
30
40
50
60
7
7
7
7
7
7
111
125
152
165
175
177
126
139
154
172
192
216
10
20
30
40
50
60
7
7
7
7
7
7
171
200
212
220
243
255
137
149
164
181
201
225
10
20
30
40
50
60
7
7
7
7
7
7
267
280
291
299
310
321
147
158
173
190
209
231
Difference
= Q7-U7
7
- 35
- 42
-29
-42
-78
-48
ΣX2 =
-15
-14
-2
-7
-17
-39
ΣX2 =
34
51
48
39
42
30
ΣX2 =
120
122
118
109
101
90
ΣX2 =
X2
(
=
7/Q7)
2
.19140
.23850
.06359
.12250
.55183
.09229
1.26011
.03953
.06502
.05126
.03142
.02987
.04854
.09073
.03953
.06502
.05126
.03142
.02987
.01384
.23094
.20199
.18984
.16442
.13289
.10614
.07860
.87388
217
Tables 4.37 Validity Test for UCS Equation
Sample
Location
Cement
Content C
(%)
River
Sand
Content S
(%)
2
4
1
6
8
!!
Curing
Duration
T (days)
Measured
UCS Q28
(KPa)
Computed
UCS U28
( KPa)
10
20
30
40
50
60
28
28
28
28
28
28
144
158
178
186
183
163
124
184
234
276
309
333
10
20
30
40
50
60
28
28
28
28
28
28
180
204
209
230
261
285
143
203
254
296
329
354
10
20
30
40
50
60
28
28
28
28
28
28
221
238
284
302
313
339
164
224
314
348
382
406
10
20
30
40
50
60
28
28
28
28
28
28
360
372
386
396
404
410
186
247
299
341
375
400
,
[>
/
4.5
Difference
28= Q28-U28
X2 (
20
-26
-56
-90
-126
-170
ΣX2 =
37
1
-45
-66
-68
-69
ΣX2 =
57
14
-30
-46
-69
-67
ΣX2
174
125
87
55
29
10
ΣX2
!
.01929
.02707
.09897
.23413
.47406
1.08773
1.94125
.04225
.00002
.04635
.08234
.06787
.05861
.29744
.06652
.00346
.01115
.02320
.04859
.03906
.19198
.23361
.11291
.05080
.01929
.00515
.00059
.42235
> *(CCD > B)@A@
DDDAD B )@D(> @B))> C)(GD G)B(> > (*A>) B >C(BB B >C(BB (G(A)
>)(G* @A)@@ B G*B>D >GA** BGBG@
/!2
!
BB (A
/
/!
! "
D
*>>)D
!
/
/ /! +
( GD
[>
'
3 ,
,
2
28/Q28 )
[>
218
'
/
/
!2
%/
!
1+*5
,
!
'
!
**3*D'
<
&
" " %
'
!
'
!
!
'
'
+
+
!
!
/
'
!!+ "
3 ' !!
'
' +'
''
'
'
!
!
+
'
!
!
!
'
'
3
+ !
' !!
+
3
'
!
'
' !
'
-29
'
+
49
'
+ E7
'
'
+
.
'
/
/
'!
, !!+ 4
+
!
'
"
/+
'
>((CF
!
!
! " !!
9
"
! -) .
!
/
<
"
+T
3
!
+
!
'
'
+
!
!
'
'
/
!+
'
!! "
+ 4 /
!
!
"
!
!
" '
& '
/ %/
/+
+
J
/ '
!
!
/!2
. . !'
!
*B3*)
!
!
2
!+\
9
!
219
'
'
'
!
" ! /
!
+9
49
-4
!!+
!
+
'
E7
'
'
\
!
' !
!/
"
2
H 44 H 24
;
'
! /
#
'
!
/ +
+
!
+
!'
8
'
!
' !
!+
'
! /+ EBG@)F
!
'
H
!
,
'
+ 8 "
+
!
/'
"!
/!
/
'
'
/!+
/!
'
''
!
! /
!
!
!
!
''
!+
/!
!
8 "
!
H 22
!
!
+
+
4
!
'
BG>AF
'
!
./
' /
!
!'
!+
+
8 "
" ! /
'
!
'
!;
'
/
" !!
'
'
!
220
1+*6
"
"
''
'+
'
'! "
"
!
! !&
! /! +
! *B 3 *D "
'
9 <
&-,'.
'
!
<
- .
!
-%.
&-, .
'
'
<
/
'
!
/!
!
'
'
(ADA >A>@
GG@
&
!
, ! +"
'
)DC)
))BB
/
'
A
<
>@
&
' !!+
!
>
'
< "
!
'
'
'
4 ' !+ , !
'
!
!
!
+ '
/+
3
'
* >C9* >A !!
>?3 B(? " !
4 !
<
'
!
'
/+
&
&/
'
GD? '
!
!+
!
!
' '
'
* >)9* >D
!
+
'
<
&
221
* >)
!
'
<
!
, *B
* >*
!
'
<
!
, *>
* >D
!
'
<
!
, *)
222
* >C
!
'
&
!
, **
* >A
!
'
&
!
, *D
223
"
4.18
'
-
4
!
" 0
'
"
' !
' '
' ! / '
/ >((A.
!
'
3
/+
-.
!
D
'
"
!
<
!
>
,
W ( >A>
- .
'
;
'
!
!
' !' !
"
!
( (>D 9>
!
'
>
'
@9>
B9 (AD
'
!
W ( D>B
W ( D>B
D
>
' '
9>
B9 >
W ( >A*
*>
' !
( (>D
"
W ( >A*
' !
- .
W
*B
W ( (AD
!+
2 .
' ! !
' ' ."
,
'! "
/+J
'!
6
'
"
'
W ( CGA
'
@9>
B9 >A>
W
B *GD
W > DA
,
W ( GG@J
' !
*)
W ( GG@
W ( GG@
!
'
>* 9>
B9 GG@
W * C@
224
- .
>
' !
- .
>
,
**
W ( )DC
W ( DGC
>>
W ( DAD
'
'
>*9>
B9( )DC
,
*D
'
!
W ( ))BJ
W ( DAD
' !
( (>D
'
!
W ( DGC
'
>*9>
B 9 ))B
W > (A*
W
) *@)
W
) >GA
'
225
3+*
'!
! " !
DBB
"
% '&
!
+ %/
'! +
'!
'
DB>
4
&
9>9C
+
'
'
'+ !
" !
'
'!
!
%/
! ' ! / '!
' /!
& &
&8
!
! "
+ +
!# ' <
"
!
!
!
/
/!2
"
/!2
"
'
D>>
/
!+
!'
"& !
D>B
"
%/
!!+
3+-
!
'
'
'
!
+
!'
'
' !'
'
+ !
BB *?
%
'
%/
<
!
BGD( $
!
CC?
!
!/
'
)
'
%/
!
+
%
"
/
)B?
D>)
'
4
D>*
'
+
<
+ '
!
'
!
' !+
!
'
)B? 9 CC? "
4
226
! '
!
'
'
<
%/
!
/9/
3+/
'
>.! % .
D)B =
%6I8 -BGGA.
! '
'
/!2
/
!
!
'
!
<
%
@ )?
D)>
!
4
+
, !!+
+ -%
D)) 6
'
'
,
+
%/
<
' ' ! /
'
!2
/
@C? 9 B*(?
'
!
/!2
/ +
" '
%
%
D*> &
<
! / '
"
A @?
9 !
>B*( $
!
/
)(? 9 *(?
!'
!
!# ' <! "
D*B
/!
!
:'
!
D*)
!
.
)(? 9 *(? /+ "
$
%
)
>(*( $
3+1
! +
%/
B*(? "
'
!
!# ' <! "
+
!
! /
' '
'
)
!
B((?
'
'
!+
/!2
'
%
'
/+
+"
%6I8
%/
' '
!
/
!
'
227
3+3
'!
DDB
!
&
!# ' <! "
'
/!2
!
/
/!
'
!'
!
' !!+
%/
! +
/
!
!'
+
'
'
'
4'
!
'
& !9'
!
!+
!
"
'
"
'
!
! 8 "
!
'
' !
'
'
!'
DD>
<
9 C? '
"
/+
/! !
DD) 8 "
DC
/!2
/! +
!
'
!
'
!
'
'
!'
!!
'
!"
DC>
'
%/
>?
/+ %6?8 -BGGA.
'
/: '
!'
3
!+
!# '<! "
DCB 7
/
+ "
'
'
"
&
A)? 9 @)?
'
''
'
!
<
/ +
!
" '
-@?. !
'
!
!
! / '
!+
'
%6I8 -BGGA.
BB(?
'
' '
!'
9 !
@? !
'
'
228
3+6
&
@ !
DAB
"& "
9
'
<
/ "
!# ' <! "
/!2
!
!
!
AG? 9 BC*? "
!
'
'
>? 9C?
DA>
%
'
'
9
9
/!2
'
'
'
/+
9
' !
'
40
'
!
!
'
"
!!
>?$*(? '
+ '
!'
,
'
'
A$>@
"
'
$
'
'
'
'+!
"&
'
+.
%
'
"
"
'
/+
'
D@B
'
!+
/!2
3+;
%/
-A
$
!
>@
'
!
B>($B@C
'
'
'
'
!+ <+
!
/! +
D@>
!/
+
'
%/
'
'
!
4
'
4
'
!
!
'
'
+
/
9
!
'
!
!9'
! /
+
!
/
229
D@) 8 "
!
/
"
!
22 !
/ "
!
!+
3+=
.' '
% !
4 /
'
'
'
'+
+
!'
,
!+
!
'
!
" '
!
!
4
&"
!
!
-
'
'
/
&.
'
! "
!
'
'
- < .
%/
!
! /
/
/
/!
DGB H !
+
, '+
''
DG> &
'
"
DG)
+
"
!
/
!!+ '
'
' '
'
/!
%/
/ +
'
/
/! '
!
'
! "
+
!
'
'
!
/! +
'
'!
! +
'
<
'
!
&
4
'
!
!
REFERENCES
Agunwamba, J. C. [2007] Engineering Mathematical Analysis, De-Adroit Innovation,
18 Onyiuke Street, Ogui N/L, Enugu, Nigeria.
230
Ahnberg, H.C., Ljungkratnz and Holmgvist. L. [1995] “Deep Stabilization 0f different
types of soft soil”. Proc. 11th ECSMFE, Copenhagen 7, 167-172.
Akawi, E. and Kharabsheh, A. [2000] Lime Stabilization Effects on Geotechnical
Properties of Expansive Soils in Amman, Jordan. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering, Vol. 5, 2000.
Al-Aghbari, M.Y. and Dutta, R.K. [2005] Suitability of Desert Sand Cement Mixes
for Base Courses in Highway Pavements. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering, Vol. 10, 2005, Bundle D.
Al-Amoudi, O.S.B. [2002] “Characterization and Chemical Stabilization of AlQurayyah Sabkha Soil” J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg., Vol. 14, issue 6, pp478-484.
Al-Amoudi, O.S.B., Asi, I.M., Wahhab, H.I.A., and Khan, Z.A. [2002] Clegg
Hammer - California – Bearing Ratio Correlations. J.Mat. in Civ. Engrg. Vol. 14,
issue 6, pp512-523.
Alao, D. A. [1983] Geology and Engineering Properties of Laterites from Ilorin,
Nigeria. Engineering Geology, 19, 111-118, Amsterdam.
Ameta, N. K., Purohit, D. G. M. and Wayal, A. S. [2008] “Characteristics Problems
and Remedies of Expansive Soils of Raasthan, India. Electronic Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 13, Bundle B.
Anagnostopoulus, C. A. and Chatziangelou, M. [2008] Compressive Strength of
Cement Stabilized Soils. A new Statistical Model. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering. Vol.13, Bundle B.
Arroyo, M., Nova, R. and Tsige, M. [2006] Micro- structure and Compactive
Instabilities of a Stabilized Residue. J. Mat. In Civ. Engrg., Vol. 18, issue 2, pp 272282.
Banerjee, P. K., Stipho, A. S. and Yousif, N. B. [1981]. A Simple Analytical Model of
the Bi-axial Stress-Strain Behaviour of Anisotropically Consolidated Clays. In
Chicago Desai & Saxena (eds). In Implementation of Computer Procedure and StressStrain Laws in Geotechnical Engineering Symposium 535-545, Acorn Press, N. C.
Barron, R.A. [1948] “Consolidation on fine-grained Soils by Drain Wells”
Transactions, American Society of Civil Engineers. Vol.113, p718
Basek, S., Bahattacharya, A.K. and Paira, S.L.K. [2004] Utilization of Fly ash in
Rural Road Construction in India and Its Cost Effectiveness. Engineering Journal of
Geotechnical Engineers, Vol. 9 No. 1 pp 25-47
231
Beliveau, T.J. [1990] Position CAD Data Integration for Improved Construction
Control. J. Transp. Engrg. Vol. 116, issue 6, pp 836-843.
Bell, F.G. [1976] “The Influence of the Mineral Contents of Clay on their
Stabilization by Cement” Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, vol.
X111, no. 4 pp267-278.
Bergado, [1996] Soil Compaction and Soil Stabilization by Admixtures. Proc. of
Seminar on Ground Improvement Application to Indonesian Soft Soil, Indonesia,
Jakarta 23-26.
Bernold, L.E. [1994] “Compaction of Lunar-Type Soil” J. Aerosp. Engrg, vol. 7, issue
2, pp 175-187
Boonsinsuk, P and Young, R. N. [1982] “Analysis of Hong Kong Residual Soil
Slopes” Proc. ASCE Geotech. Engrg Specs. Conference ASCE, N.Y.
Borden, R.H. and Wang, C.E. [1996] Deformation Characteristics of Piedmont
Residual Soils. J. Geotech. Engrg. 122, issue 3 pp227-236
Bowles, J. E. [1982] “Soil Mechanics In Foundation Engineering”, Foundation
Analysis and Design. 3rd edition.
Brink, A. B. A. and Kantey, B. A. [1968] “Collapsible Grain Structure in Residual
Granite Soils in South Africa” Proc. 5th ICSMFE, Paris 611-614.
British Standard Institution [1990] Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering
Purposes, BS 1377-1990, Part 2 and 4.
Broderick, G.P. and Daniel, D.E. [1990] “Stabilizing Compacted Clay against
Chemical attack” J. Geotech. Engrg., vol. 116, issue 10, pp1549-1567
B.S. 1377, Part 1-4 [1990] “Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes” British Standard
Institution, London, U.K
Budhu, M. [1999] Soil Mechanics And Foundations. John Wiley I Sons Inc. N.Y.,
U.S.A.
Butler, R. L. and Cerato, A. B. [2007]. Stabilization of Oklahom Expansive Soils
using Lime and Class C Fly-Ash. Proc. of Session of Geo Denver. Colorado, USA.
Capper, P.L. and Cassie, W.F.[1969] The Mechanics of Engineering Soils.
Casagrande, L. [1952] “Electro-Osmotic Stabilization of Soils” Journal, Boston
Society of Civil Engineers, vol.39, p51.
232
Chand, S.K. and Subbarao, C. [2007] “Strength and Slake Durability of Lime
Stabilized Pond Ash. .J.Mat. in Civ . Engrg., vol. 19, issue 7 pp 601-608
Chen, D.H., Harris, P., Scullion, T. and Bilyeu, J. [2005] Forensic Investigation of a
Sulphate-Heaved Project in Texas. J. of Perf. Constr. Fac. Vol. 19, issue 4, pp 324.
Chuaqui, M.and Traylor, R.P. [2003] “Soil Stabilzation Grouting under a Railway for
Micro-Tunneling for a Sewer Crossing” Grouting and Ground Treatment.
International Specialty Conf. on Grouting and ground treatment, Feb., 10-20
Lousiana, USA
Cokca, E. [2001 “Use of Class C Flyashes for the Stabilization of an Expansive Soil”
Journal of Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering, ASCE 27(7), 568-573.
Cole, L.W. and Cepco, C. [2006] PENNDOTLS Efforts to Improve Pavement Subgrade During Highway Reconstruction – Airfield and Highway Pavements Specialty
Conference, Atlanta, Georgia , U.S.A.
Consoli, N.C., Schnaid, F. and Milititsky, J. [1998] Interpretation of Plate Load Tests
on Residual Soil Site. J. Geotech. And Geoenv. Engrg. 124, p857.
Consoli, N.C., Vendruscolo, M.A.and Prietto, P.D.M. [2003] Behaviour of Plate Load
Tests on Soil Layers Improved with cement And Fibre. J. Geotech. And Geoenvir.
Engrg., vol. 129, issue 1,pp96 - 101
Croft, B.J. [1967] “The Influence of Soil Mineralogical Composition on Cement
Stabilization” Geotechnique, 17; 119-135.
Cruz, N. and Fonseca, A.V. [2006] “Characterization of Stiff Residual Soils With
Dynamically Push-in DMT. Site and Geomaterial Characterization (GSP 149) 193,
34.
Daniels, J.L. and Janardhanam, R. [2007] “Cold Weather Sub-Grad Stabilization –
Soil Improvement (GSP 172) Proc. of sessions of Geo-Denver.
Dafalias, Y. F. [1997] An Anisotropic Critical State Clay Plasticity Model, Dessai et.
al.(eds), International Conference on Constitutive Laws for Engineering Materials:
Theory and Applications: 513-521. Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc.
Deboucha, S., Hashim, R. and Alwi, A. [2008] “Engineering Properties of Stabilized
Tropical Peat Soils” Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.
Drnevich, V.P., Yu, X., Zambrano, C. and Nowack, R. [2006] “Refined One-step
TDR Method for Water Content and Density”.Geotechnical Engineering In the
Information Technology Age. Proc. Of Geocongress, Atlanta,Geogia, USA
233
El-Diraby, T. E. and Wang, B. [2005] E-Society Portal: Integrating Urban Highway
Construction Projects into the Knowledge City. J. Constr. Engrg. And Magnt., vol.
131, issue 11, pp 1196-1211.
El-Rayes, K. and Moselhi, O. [2001] Impact of Rainfall on the Productivity of
Highway Construction. J. Constr. Engrg. And Mgnt. Vol. 127 issue 2 pp 125-131.
Federal Ministry of Works & Housing, General Specifications (Roads and Bridges),
vol. 11, 1997.
Flintoff, W.T. and Cowland, J.W. [1982] “Excavation Design in Residual soil
Slopes”, Proc., ASCE Geotech. Engrg. Spec. Conf., ASCE, N.Y.
Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. [1985] “Theoretical Context for Understanding
Unsaturated Residual Soils Behaviour.” Proc.1st.Int. Conf. Geomechanics in Tropical
Laterite and Saprolitic Soils. Sao Paulo, Brazil pp 295-306.
Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. [1987] “Soil Engineering Principles for Highway
Engineering in Arid Regions” In Soil Mechanics Considerations: Arid and Semi-arid
Areas. Transportation Research Record 1137. 1(11)
Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. [1993] “Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils” New
York: John Wiley I Sons Inc.
Fredlund, D.G. and Morgenstern, N.R. [1977] “Stress State Variables for Unsaturated
Soils. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE 103:447 (466)
Freund, J. E. and Miller, I. [1965] Probability and Statistics for Engineers. PrenticeHall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
Galvero, T. C. B, Elsharief, A. and Simoes, G. F. [2004] “Effects of Lime on
Permeability and Compressibility of Two Tropical Residual Soils. Journal of Envir.
Engrg, Vol. 130, Issue 8, pp 881-885.
Garber, N.J. and Hoel, L.A. [1999] “Soil Engineering For Highway Design” 817-866
Graham, J., Noonan, M. L., and Lew, K. V. [1983]. Yield States and Stress-Strain
Relationships in Natural Plastic Clay. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 20, 502-516.
Graham, J. and Houlsby, G.T., [1983] Elastic Anisotropy of a
Geotechnique 33 (2), 165-180.
Natural Clay.
Graber, E.R., Fine, P. and Levy, G. J. [2006] Soil Stabilization in Semi arid and Arid
Land Agriculture. J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. Vol.18 Pp 190-205.
Grubb, D.G., Wartman, J., Malasavage, N.E. and Mibroda, J.G.[2007] “Turning Mud
into Suitable Fill; Amending OH, ML-MH and CH Soils with Curbside –Collected
Crushed Glass (CG) Geo-environmental Engineering . GSP 163. Proc. of sessions of
Geo - Denver. Denver, Colorado, USA.
234
Gupta, A., Borden, R.H. and Shao, L. [1996] Dynamic Properties of Piedmont
Residual Soils. J. Geotech. Engrg., vol.122, issue 10, Pp 813-821.
Gutierrez, A. [2006] “Determination of Atterberg Limits: Uncertainty and
Implications. Journal of Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg., Vol 132, issue 3, pp420-424.
Hossain, M., Mulandi, J., Keach, L., Hunt, M. and Romanoschi, S. [2004] “Intelligent
Compaction Control” Airfield and Highway Pavements Specialty Conference, Atlata,
Georgia, USA.
Hoyos, L.R., Puppala, A.J. and Chainuwat, P. [2004] “Dynamic Properties of
Chemically Stabilized Sulphate Rich Clay” J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. Vol.
130, issue 2, pp 153-162.
Huat, B.B.K., Abdullah, A.and Ali, F.H. [2005] Response of Suction, Moisture and
Temperature of Unsaturated Granite Residual Soil to Rainfall. Electronic Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 10, 2005 Bundle C
Huat, B.B. (2006) Effect of Cement Admixtures on the Engineering Properties of
Tropical Peat Soils. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineers. Vol.11, 2006.
Huat, B.B.K., Ali, F.H, and Abdullah, A.[2005] Shear Strength Parameters of
Unsaturated Tropical Residual Soils of Various Weathering Grades. Electronic
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Inyang,H. I., Bae, S., Mbamalu, G. and Park, S.W. [2007] Aqueous Polymer Effects
On Volumetric Swelling of Na-Montmorillonite. J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg, vol. 19,
issue1, pp 84-89.
James, J. and Rao, S. M,. [1986a] Silica from Rice husk through thermal
Decomposition, Thermochimica ACTA, Vol.97, pp329-336
James, J. and Rao, S. M. [1986b] Reactivity of Rice husk ash Cement and Concrete
Research, Vol.16, pp296-302
Janz, M. and Johansson, S.E. [2002] “The Function of Different Binding Agents in
Deep Stabilization” Swedish Deep Stabilization Research Centre, Linkoping S.G.1.9
Kabir, M.H. and Taha, M.R. [2004] Assessment of Physical Properties of a Granite
Residual Soil as an Isolation Barrier. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,
vol. 9 2004 Bundle B.
Kasbergen, C. Zhao, Y., Scarpas, A. and Liu, X. [2006] “3D Finite Element Analysis
of Pavement Constructed on Cement Stabilized Soil Walls with a New Friction
Interface Element” Pavement Mechanics and Performance (GSP). Proc. of Session of
Geo-Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
235
Kamon, M. and Nontananandh, S. [1991] Combining Industrial Wastes with Lime for
Soil Stabilization. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol. 117, pp 1-17.
Kezdi, A. [1979] “Stabilized Earth Road.” Development in Geotechnical Engineering.
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company
Kreyszig,E.[2004] Advanced Engineering Mathematics, OhioState University,
Columbus, Ohio, USA
Kumar, A. Wallia, B.S. and Bajaj, A. [2007] “Influence of Fly Ash, Lime and
Polyster Fibres on Compaction and Strength Properties of Expansive Soil” J. Mat. in
Civ. Engrg. Vol. 19, issue 3, pp 242-248.
Kumar, P., Chandra, S. and Vishal, R. [2006] “Comparative Study of Different Subbase Materials” Journal of Mat. in Civ. Engrg., Vol 18 Issue 4 pp576-580.
Ladd, C. C. and Varallyay, J. [1995] “The Influence of the Stress System on the
Behaviour of Saturated Clays during Undrained Shear Research Report R65-11.
Department of Civil Engineering. M I T.
Lade, P. V., [2006] Failure Criterion for Cross Anisotropic Soils. J. Geotech. and
Geoenvir. Engrg, Vol. 134, issue1. pp117 - 124
Lagos, L., Zidan, A., Gudavalli, R. and Tansel, B. [2007] “Experimental Analysis of
Soil Stabilizers Used for Contamination Control at HandfordLs Burial Grounds” World
Environmental and Water Resources Congress-Restoring Our Natural Habitat,
Tampa, Florida, USA
Lambe, T. W. and Whiteman, R.V. [1979] Soil Mechanics , J. Wiley, N.Y.
Larson, T.J. [1967] Tests on Soil-Cement and Cement modified basis in Minesota,
Journal of PCA, RID Lab. Vol. 9, No.1 pp25-47.
Lav, A.H. and Lav, M.A. [2000] Micro-structural Development of Stabilized Fly Ash
as Pavement Base Material, J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. 12, 157.
Lee, K., Prezzi, M. and Kim, N. [2007] “Subgrade Design Parameters from Samples
Prepared with Different Compaction Methods. J. Transp. Engrg. Vol. 133, issue 2, pp
82-89.
Leong, E.C., Rahardjo, H. and Krisdani, H. [2005] Behaviour of Capillary Barrier
System Constructed Using Residual Soil Waste Containment and Remediation (GSP
142) 168, 26.
Leong, E.C., Han, K.K., Rahardjo, H.R. and Melinder, F. [2004] Shear Strength of
Compacted Soil under Infiltration Condition. J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg., 130,
807.
236
Lindner, E. [1976] “Swelling Rock: A Review” Proceedings of rock Engineering for
Foundations and Slopes ASCE Vol.1 August 15-18, 1976.
Lin, D.F., Liau, C.C. and Lin, J.D. [2006] Factors Affecting Portable Falling Weight
Deflectomer Measurement. J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg., vol. 132, issue 6,
pp804-808
Little, A. L. [1969] “The Engineering Classification of Residual Tropical Soils”
Little, A.L. [1969] “The Engineering Classification of Residual Tropical Soils” Proc.,
7th Int. Conf. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Mexico 1:1-10
Little, D.N. [1995] “Stabilization of Pavement Sub-grades and base courses with
Lime” Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
Lopez-Lara, T., Zaragoza, J. B. H., Gutierez, G. R. S., Castano, M. V. (2005) “Study
of Curing Time of Stabilized Soils” Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.
Vol.10. Bundle F.
Love., A. E. H. [1927] The Mathematical Theory of Elasticity. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.
Lum, W.B. [1965] “Engineering Problems in Tropical and Residual Soils in Hawai”
Proc. ASCE Geotech. Engrg. Specs. Conf. ASCE, N.Y., 1-12.
Lumpini, J. F., Skinner, A. E. and Vaughan, P. R. [1981] “The Drained Residual
Strength of Cohesive Soils”, Geotechnique 31, No.2 181-213.
Macari, E.J. and Hoyos, L. [1996] Effect of Degree of Weathering on Dynamic
Properties of Residual Soils. J. Geotech. Engrg. Vol 122, 988-997
Macari, E.J. and Laureano, H. [1999] Influence of In-situ factors on Dynamic
Response of Piedmont Residual Soils. J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. 125, 271.
Manasseh, J. and Olufemi, A. I. (2006) “Effect of Lime on Some Geotechnical
properties of Igumale Shale” EJGE vol. 13. Bundle A
Meegoda, J.N. and Tantemsapya, N. [2007] “Microscopic Modelling of Colloidal
Silica Stabilized Granular Contaminated Soils” J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg., vol. 19, issue 1,
pp 91-98
Melinda, F., Rihardjo, H., Han, K.K. and Leong, E.C. [2004] “Shear Strength of
Compacted Soil under Infiltration Condition” J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. Vol.
130, issue 8, pp807-817
Mendonca, A.A., Galvao, T.C.B., Lima, D.C. and Soares, E.P. [2006] “Stabilization
of Arsenic-Bearing Sludges Using Lime” J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg. Vol 18, issue 2, pp
135-139.
237
Mcknight, C. L. [1999] “The Stratigraphy and Engineering Geological Characteristics
of Collapsible Residual Soils on the Southern Mozambique Coastal Plains.” In Blight,
et. al. [eds.] Geotechnics for developing Africa. A.A. Balkema [Rotterdam] 633-646
Mehta, P. K. [1985] Influence of Fly Ash Characteristics on the Strength of Portland
– fly ash Mixtures, Cement Concrete Research, Vol.15, pp669-674.
Merritt, F.S.[1968] Standard Handbook For Civil Engineers – Soil Improvement,
Mcgraw- Hill Inc. USA.
Metcalf, J. B. and Ingels, O. G. [1974] Soil Stabilization Principles and Practice.
Buther Worths, Sydney, p374.
Mitchell, J. K. and Sitar, N. [1982] “Engineering Properties of Tropical Residual
Soils” Proc., ASCE. Geotech. Engrg. Spec. Conf., ASCE, N.Y.
Mitchell, J. K. [1981] Soil Improvement – State of the Art Report Proceedings of the
10th International Conf. on Soil mechanics and Foundations Engineering 4:509-565
Stockholm.
Mitchell, J.K. and Shen, C.K. [1967] Soil-Cement Properties Determined by Repeated
Loading in Relation to Bases for Flexible Pavements. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on SDAP
University of Michigan, Michigan, vol.1 pp 427-451
Mitchell, J.K. and Monismith, C.L. [1977] A Thickness Design Procedure for
Pavement with Cement Stabilized Bases and Thin Asphalt Surfacing. Proc., 4th Int.
Conf. on SDAP, University of Michigan, Michigan.
Mooney, M. A., Reinhart, R. V. and Susane, P. V. {2006] “The Influence of
Heterogeneity ON Vibratory Roller Compaction Response”. Geotechnical
Engineering in the Information Technology Age, Atlanta, Goergia, USA.
Muntohar, A. S.,and Hantoro, G. [2000] Influence of Rice Husk Ash and Lime on
Engineering Properties of Clayey Subgrade. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering paper 094.
Nashed, R., Thevanayagam, S. and Martin, G.R. [2006] “Simulation of Dynamic
Compaction Processes in Saturated Silty Soils”Geotechnical Engineering in the
Information Technology Age. Proc. of GeoCongress, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Nazarian, S., Carrasco, G. and Carrasco, R. [2006] “Laboratory Evaluation of
Stiffness Properties of Stabilized Bases.” Pavement Mechanics and Performance
(GSP 154) Proc of Sessions of GeoShanghai, Shanghai, China.
238
Ogunro, V. O., Inyang, H. I., Hooper, F., Young, D. and Oturka, A.[2004] “Gradation
Control of Bottom Ash Aggregate in Superpave Bituminous Mixes” Journal of Mat.
in Civ.Egrg., Vol. 16, Issue 6,pp604-613
.
Omotosho, P. O., [2004] “Effects of Stabilisation on the Performance of Deltaic
Lateritic Soils as a Road Pavement Material” Ph.D Thesis, University of Nigeria,
Nsukka, Nigeria.
Ono, T. and Kawabe, K. [2006] “Frost Susceptibility of Stabilized Soil” Current
Practices in cold Regions Engineering, 13th. Int, Conf. on Cold Regions Engineering,
Orono, Maine, USA
OLRourke, T.D. and Mcginn, A.J. [2006] “Lessons Learned for Ground Movement
and Soil Stabilization from the Boston Central Artery. J. Geotech. and Geoenvir.,
vol132, issue 8 pp 966-989.
Osinubi, K.J. and Nwaiwu, O.M.O. [2006] “Compaction DelayEffects on Properties
of Lime-Treated Soil” J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg., Vol. 18, issue 2 pp250-258
Owttrim, M. [1988] “Erodibility Test”, Mainroads Deprtment, Queensland , Australia
Park, S.W., Lytton, R.L. and Button, J.W. [1999] Forensic Investigation of Pavement
Distortions Using Soil Suction. J. Transp. Engrg., vol.125, issue 1, pp 60-66.
Poh, T.Y., Wong, I.H. and Chandrasekaran, B. [1997] Performance of Two Propped
Diaphragm Walls in Stiff Residual Soils. J. Perf. Constr. Fac 11, 190.
Poh, H, Y., Ghataora, G.S. and Ghazireh, N. [2006] Soil Stabilization Using Basic
Oxygen Steel Slag Fines. J. Mat in Civ. Engrg. Vol.18 pp 229-240
Porbaha, A. [2000] “State-of-the art in Deep Mixing Technology, Design
Considerations”. Ground Improvement vol. 4, pp111-125
Porbaha, A. [2002] “State-of-the-art in Quality Assessment of Deep Mixing
Technology”. Ground Improvement, vol. 6, pp95-120.
Puppala, A.J., Kadam, R., Madhyamapn, R.S. and Hoyos, L.R. [2006] Small-Strain
Shear Moduli of Chemically Stabilized Sulphate Bearing Cohesive Soils. J. Mat. in
Civ. Engrg. Vol. 12 issue19 pp102-108.
Rahardjo, H., Leong, E.C. and Cahydi, J. [2006] Stiffness of Compacted Residual
Soil. Unsaturated Soils 2006. 189, 95
Rahardjo, H., Ong, T.H., Rezaur, R.B. and Leong, E.C. [2007] Factors Controlling
Instability of Homogeneous Soil Slopes under Rainfall. J. Geotech. and Geoenvir.
Engrg. Vol.133. pp 1532-1539.
239
Rahman, M.M., Mofiz, S.A.and Taha, M.R. [2005] Experiments and Finite Element
Analysis of Geosynthetics Reinforced Residual Soil Slopes and Retaining Structures
Under Seismic and Static Conditions. (GSP 140), 166, 15. Proc. of the Sessions of the
Geo-Frontiers Congress, Austin, Texas, USA.
Reis, R.M., Azevedo, R.F. and Lisboa, R.L. [2006] “Residual Soil Hydraulic
Conductivity Determination Using Field and Laboratory Tests. Unsaturated Soils
2006, 189, 130 (GSP 147)
Rhee, K. and Briand, J.K. [2006] Numerical Simulation of the BCD for Compaction
Control. Geotechnical Engineering in the Information Technology Age. Proc. of
GeoCongress, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Rhee, K. and Briand, J. K. [2006] “BCD, A New Tool for Compaction Control”
Airfield and Highway Pavements Specialty Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Sato, A., Nishimomoto, S. and Suzuki, T.[2006] “Relationship Between Curing
Temperature and Strength of Stabilized Soil” Current Practice in Cold Region
Engineering, 13th Int. Conf. on Cold Regions Engineering, Orono, Maine, USA.
Shah, S.S. and Ahmad, S.M. [2003] “A Case Study in Stabilization of the Dispersive
Soil by the Application of Admixture. Proc. of an Int. Conf. on Problematic Soils,
vol.1, pp 83-98, Nottingham, UK.
Sobhan, K. and Mashnad, M. [2003] “Mechanical Stabilization of Cemented Soil-Fly
Ash Mixtures with Recycled Plastic Strips” J. Envir. Engrg., vol. 129, issue 10, pp
943-947.
Solanki, P., Khoury, N. and Zaman, M. [2007] Engineering Behaviour and
Microstructure of Soil Stabilized with Cement Kiln Dust. Soil Improvement (GSP
172) Proc. of Sessions of Geo- Denver.New Peaks in Geotechnics.
Sowers,G. F.[1963] Engineering Properties of Residual Soils Derived From Igneous
and Metamorphic Rocks”, Proc. 2nd Pan-Am Conf., Soil Mech. Found. Engr. [Brazil]
vol.1 p.39.
Stavridakis, E.I. [2005] “Presentation and Assessment of Clay influence on
Engineering Parameters of Cement Treated Clayey Mixtures” Electronic Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 10, 2005
Stavridakis, E. [2005] A Proposed Classification for Anisotropic Engineering
Behaviour of Cement Treated Clayey Mixtures Related to Their Strength and
Durability. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.10, 2005.
240
Stavridakis, E.I. [2005] A Critical Bound Meeting the Physical and Engineering
Requirements for Best Cement Stabilization Effect on Clay-Sand Mixture. Electronic
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol.1 2005.
Stavridakis, E. I. [2006] “Effect of Curing Time and Bentonite Content on the
Quantitative Evaluation of Engineering Behaviour Of Cement Treated Clayey
Mixtures Under Soaked Conditions.
Taha, M.R. and Kabir, M.H. [2003] “Sedimentary Residual Soil as a Hydraulic
Barrier in Waste Containment Systems” Proceedings of the International Conference
on Recent Advances in Soft Soil Engineering and Technology, 2-4 July 2003,
Putrajaya, Malaysia
Taha, M.R., Hossain,M.K. and Mofiz, S.A. [2000] “Drained and Undrained
Behaviour of Saturated Residual Soil” Journal of Institute of Engineers, Malaysia,
vol61, No.3, pp 47-58.
Taha, M.R., Mofiz, S.A., and Hossain, M.K. [2001] “Behaviour and Modelling of
Granite Residual Soil In Direct Shear Test.” Journal of Institute Of Engineers,
Malaysia, vol. 62, No.3, pp 21-36.
Tatsuoka, F.K., Uchida, K., Imai, T., Ouchi and Kohatta, Y. [1997] “Properties of
Cement-treated Soils in Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway Projects.” Ground Improvement
Geosystems, Tokyo 1, 37-57.
Tay, J. H. [1987] Sludge Ash as Filler for Porland Cement Journal of Environmental
Engineering, ASCE Vol.113, pp345-351.
Teng, W.C. [1962] Foundation Design “Classification of Soils by Geological Origins”
Thurairajah, A., Silver, S. and Loganathan, N. [1992] “Strength Correlation Factor for
Residual Soil. J. Geotechnique Engrg., Vol.118, issue 4, pp 593-610
Tumay, M. T., Wei, L. and Abu-Farsarkh, M. [2007] Numerical Parametric Study of
Piezocone Penetration in Anisotropically Consolidated Clay. Electronic Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.9. Bundle
Turner, J.P. [1994] “Soil Stabilization Using Oil-Shale Solid Waste.” J. Geotech.
Engrg., vol. 120, issue 4, pp 646-660
Vargas, M. [1953] “Some Engineering Properties of Residual Clay Soils Occuring in
South Brazil” Proc., 3rd Intern. Conf. on Soil.
Van Impe, W. F. [1989] “Soil Improvement Techniques and Their Evolution.”
Balkema Mech. and Found. Engrg. 67-71, Switzerland.
241
Vilar, O.M., Azevedo, R.F. and Reis, R.M. [2006] “Elasto-Plastic Modelling of a
Young Gneiss Residual Soil in Saturated and Non-saturated Conditioons. Unsaturated
Soils 2006, 189, 166.
Wesley, L.D. [1990] Influence of Structure and compositions on Residual Soils. J.
Geotech. Engrg. Vol. 118, pp 589-595.
Willmer, J.L. and Leo, E. [2004] 5TH Runway Embankment Settlement: HartsfieldJackson Atlanta International Airport. Geotechnical Engineering Transportation
Projects (GSP 126)
White, D.J., Morris, M.and Thompson, M. [2006] Power-Based Compaction
Monitoring Using Vibratory Padfoot Roller, Proc. of GeoCongress vol. 187 p 44,
Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Wong, I.H., Low, B.K., Pang, P.Y. and Raju, G.V.R. [1997] Field Performance of
Nailed Soil Wall in Residual Soil. J. Perf.. Constr., Fac. 11, 105.
Wang, Yu-Hsing. [2003] “Understanding Residual Soil Behaviour at the Particulate
level with complementary Wave-base characterisations” http:/www.ce.ust.hk.
Yang, M.Z., Sajedi, D., Drumm, E.C. and Ramakrishna, A.M. [2006] Design and
Construction of Highway Structures in Karst Terrain-Underground Construction and
Ground Movement (GSP155) Proc. of Sessions of GeoShanghai 2006, Shanghai,
China.
Young, K.Y., Phon, K.K. and Ali, F. [2002] Probabilistic Assessment of Slope
Failures in Residual Soils. University of Malaya, Malaysia.
Zomorodian, A. and Eslami, A. [2005] Determining the Geotechnical Parameters of
Stabilized Soils by Stone Column Based on SPResults. Electronic Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.10 2005, Bundle A.
Zornberg, J.C., Parreira, A.B., and Azevedo, R.F. [2002] Numerical Analysis of a
Tunnel in Residual Soils. J. Geotech. and Geoenvir. Engrg. Vol. 128. Issue 3 pp 227236
6
5
4
3
2
Sampl
e
No
1
Km 1+000
Unyeghe Esit Eket Rd
Km2 +500
Unyeghe Esit Eket Rd
Km2 +250
Unyeghe –
Stubb Creek
Rd
Km 7 +800
Unyeghe –
Stubb Creek
Rd
Km 9 + 400
Unyeghe –
Stubb Creek
Rd
Mbo bridge
Area
Location
32
37
37
29
36
Liquid
Limit
LL
32
Atterberg Limits
25
20
21
25
22
Plastic
limit
PL
20
7
17
16
4
14
Plastic
Index
PI
12
99.6
99.96
99.9
100
96
98.51
99.4
98.6
93.9
97
100
98.3
1.25
2.36
83
88.37
97.7
92.8
84.8
84
0.600
73.6
78.51
95.8
87.4
77
73
0.425
60.4
65.43
90
75.2
62.7
62
0.300
36.2
47.69
50.1
47.2
41.2
41
0.150
Percentage passing sieve openings in mm
Appendix A : Mbo Residual Soil Samples Classification
21
39
33
35.4
30.3
29
0.075
0
2.4
1.7
0
0
Group
Index
GI
0.3
A-2-6
A -2-4
A -2- 6
A -2-4
A -2-5
A -2-6
AASHTO
SC
SM
SC
SM
SM
SC
USCS
Classification
242
243
Appendix B : Plain Mechanical Compaction Tests of Residual Soil
Sample No.
Parame
ters
3
Test No
2
1
3
4
5
MDD
(kg/m3)
OMC
(%)
1
c(kg/m )
1830
1920
1950
1870
1790
1950
11.4
2
w (%)
c-kg/m3)
w (%)
7.5
1850
6.0
9.4
1940
8.4
11.3
1970
10.6
13.4
1880
12.3
15.6
1810
14.4
1980
10.1
3
c-kg/m3)
1770
1860
1940
1860
1780
1940
9.5
4
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
5.2
1800
6.2
7.5
1890
8.1
9.5
1960
10.7
11.4
1880
12.6
13.6
1800
14.5
1960
10.7
5
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
1810
6.1
1960
8.4
2020
10.1
1980
12.4
1820
14.4
2020
10.2
6
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
1640
4.2
1740
6.2
1810
8.3
1730
10.6
1660
12.4
1820
8.3
Load on Plunger (kg)
Sample No.
Test No
2.500mm
penetration
5.000
penetration
1
1
2
1
2
429
404
150
146
3
1
4
Unsoaked CBR (%)
CBR
Adopted
(%)
5.000mm
531
496
412
460
2.500m
m
70
66
24
24
58
54
45
50
66
505
710
82
77
83
2
1
2
511
330
241
656
560
420
83
54
39
71
61
46
61
5
1
2
171
445
581
680
28
73
63
74
65
6
1
2
184
196
248
272
60
64
54
60
64
2
60
6.35
4.76
2.36
1.25
.600
.425
.300
.150
.075
BASE
1/4
3/16
NO 7
NO 14
NO 25
NO 36
NO 52
NO 100
NO 200
BASE
36.3
16.3
42.0
203.6
182.0
261.8
164.9
72.9
9.5
10.7
3.63
1.63
4.2
20.36
18.2
26.18
16.49
7.29
0.95
1.07
100
96.37
94.74
90.54
70.18
51.98
25.8
9.31
2.02
1.07
3.63
5.26
9.46
29.82
48.02
74.2
90.69
97.98
98.93
100
0 - 10
8 - 30
35 - 59
55 - 90
75 - 100
90 - 100
100
Specification
10.0
% Passing
Zone 2
% Cumulative
12.2
% Retained
1/2
Weight Retained
Sieves
mm
I
Sieves
inches
Appendix C: River sand particle size distribution
244
%
Kg/m3
1950
1990
2010
2040
2040
1910
1960
1820
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
15.3
7.6
6.3
8.2
8.3
8.3
8.5
11.4
OMC
MDD
Quarry
dust
content
%
43
64
99
140
104
71
56
66
Unsoaked %
CBR
17
19
21
28
29
30
32
32
LL
NIL
NIL
NIL
22
23
23
23
20
PL
RESULTS OF CLASSIFICATION EXPERIMENTS
Appendix C1: Mbo Residual Soil and Quarry Dust – sample no 1
NIL
NIL
NIL
6
6
7
9
12
PI
15
19
30
23
25
26
28.0
29
% passing
Sieve No.
200
A–1-b
A -1 - b
A- 1 – b
A- 2 – 4
A- 2 -4
A- 2 -5
A- 2 - 5
A- 2 -6
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SC
USCS
245
%
Kg/m3
1980
1900
2000
1910
1930
1950
1980
1780
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
12.6
8.5
6.7
6.7
6.1
8.5
6.2
10.1
OMC
Quarry dust
content
MDD
45
50
89
128
86
68
54
60
Unsoaked %
CBR
18
18
25
26
27
29
34
36
LL
NIL
NIL
20
20
20
20
19
22
PL
NIL
NIL
5
6
7
9
15
14
PI
16
21
17
28
29
30
27
30
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C2 : Mbo Residual Soil and Quarry Dust Classification – Sample no 2
A–1–b
A -1 - b
A- 1 – b
A- 1 – b
A- 2 -5
A- 2 -4
A- 2 – 6
A- 2 -6
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
GM
SC
SC
USCS
246
1,940
1,920
2,010
2020
2070
2030
2080
2040
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Kg/m3
MDD
0
content
%
Quarry
dust
8.1
8.6
10.1
9.2
8.3
11.5
11.5
9.5
%
OMC
42
56
83
117
81
83
52
64
Unsoaked
%
CBR
16
18
26
27
28
27
30
29
LL
NIL
NIL
16
19
22
19
20
25
PL
NIL
NIL
10
8
6
8
10
4
PI
14
17
19
26
25
27
29
35
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C3: Mbo Residual Soil and Quarry Dust Classification – Sample no 3
A–1-b
A -1 - b
A- 1 – b
A- 1 – b
A- 2 -5
A- 2 -6
A- 2 – 5
A- 2 -4
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SC
SM
SM
USCS
247
%
Kg/m3
1960
1890
2010
2060
2050
2030
1990
1760
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
12.5
8.2
11.5
8.4
7.8
12.3
6.2
10.7
OMC
MDD
Quarry
dust
content
%
42
65
88
111
101
98
63
61
Unsoaked
%
CBR
19
16
26
20
27
29
31
37
LL
NIL
NIL
20
15
19
20
23
21
PL
NIL
NIL
6
5
8
9
8
16
PI
17
16
21
23
29
26
29
33
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C4: Mbo Residual Soil and Quarry Dust Classification – Sample no 4
A–1-b
A -1 - b
A- 1 – b
A- 1 – b
A- 2 -4
A- 2 – 5
A- 2 – 4
A- 2 -6
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SC
USCS
248
%
Kg/m3
1950
2000
1940
2060
2130
1960
1900
1930
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
8.3
6.7
10.6
9.6
7.6
10.4
10.6
11.4
OMC
River sand
content
MDD
83
67
71
110
86
75
60
66
Unsoaked
%
CBR
18
14
20
18
28
23
37
32
LL
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
20
15
25
20
PL
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
8
8
12
12
PI
16
16
25
25
22
28
29
29
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C5: Mbo Residual Soil and River Sand Classification – Sample no 1
A–1-b
A -1 - b
A- 1 – b
A- 1 – b
A- 2 -4
A- 2 -4
A- 2 – 6
A- 2 -6
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SC
SC
USCS
249
%
Kg/m3
1980
2000
1940
2060
2130
1960
1900
1930
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
12.8
10
10.7
7.8
9.8
11.5
10.6
10.1
OMC
River sand
content
MDD
83
67
71
110
86
75
65
60
Unsoaked
%
CBR
17
19
18
26
29
33
34
36
LL
NIL
NIL
NIL
22
19
24
23
22
PL
NIL
NIL
NIL
4
10
9
11
14
PI
17
19
23
23
26
29
30
30
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C 6: Mbo Residual Soil and River Sand Classification – Sample no 2
A–1-b
A -1 - b
A- 1 – b
A- 2 – 4
A- 2 -4
A- 2 -4
A- 2 – 6
A- 2 -6
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SC
SC
USCS
250
%
Kg/m3
1940
1920
1990
1910
2060
1920
1830
1840
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
12.0
11.7
11.1
8.3
11.6
12.8
9.5
9.5
OMC
River sand
content
MDD
57
64
80
95
83
74
52
64
Unsoaked
%
CBR
17
20
25
27
28
30
31
29
LL
NIL
NIL
21
20
21
18
23
25
PL
NIL
NIL
4
7
7
12
8
4
PI
15
21
19
21
24
27
24
32
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C 7 Mbo Residual Soil and River Sand Classification – Sample no 3
A–1-b
A -1 - b
A- 1 – b
A- 2 – 7
A- 2 -6
A- 2 -5
A- 2 – 4
A- 2 -6
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SC
SC
SM
SM
SC
USCS
251
%
Kg/m3
1960
1860
1930
2060
1930
2050
2020
1840
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
13.1
8.0
10.4
12.2
8.2
12.5
9.7
10.7
OMC
MDD
River
sand
content
%
17
70
82
90
82
70
66
61
Unsoaked
%
CBR
17
20
23
24
27
28
31
37
LL
NIL
NIL
20
19
21
19
21
21
PL
NIL
NIL
3
5
6
9
10
16
PI
16
19
20
21
29
29
33
33
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C 8: Mbo Residual Soil and River Sand Classification – Sample no 4
A–1-b
A -1 - b
A- 1 – b
A- 1 – b
A- 2 -4
A- 2 -5
A- 2 – 4
A- 2 -6
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SC
USCS
252
%
Kg/m3
1810
2120
2060
2050
2050
2050
0
2
4
6
8
10
soaked for 24hrs and cured for 6 days
14.2
14.7
10.3
13.8
11.2
8.4
OMC
MDD
CEMENT
content
%
127
121
115
96
82
26
%
soaked
CBR
18
26
27
27
28
26
LL
NIL
22
21
20
20
21
PL
NIL
4
6
7
8
5
PI
33
32
31
30
29
22
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C 9: Mbo Residual Soil and Cement Classification – Sample no 1
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 – 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
USCS
253
%
Kg/m3
1950
2120
2060
2050
2050
2050
CEMENT
content
%
0
2
4
6
8
10
110
96
83
79
73
26
%
soaked
CBR
cured for 6 days and soaked for 24 hours
14.2
14.7
10.3
13.8
11.2
11.4
OMC
MDD
18
26
27
27
28
32
LL
NIL
22
21
20
20
23
PL
NIL
4
6
7
8
9
PI
33
32
31
30
29
28
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C 10: Mbo Residual Soil and Cement Classification – Sample no 2
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 – 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
USCS
254
%
Kg/m3
1940
2060
2130
2050
2070
2080
0
2
4
6
8
10
cured for 6 days an soaked for 24 hours.
15.4
13.2
11.8
13.1
11.4
10.5
OMC
MDD
CEMENT
content
%
108
94
87
82
77
32
%
soaked
CBR
17
26
26
28
29
29
LL
NIL
20
20
22
21
25
PL
NIL
6
6
4
8
4
PI
37
36
35
34
33
35
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C 11: Mbo Residual Soil and Cement Classification – Sample no 3
A–2-4
A–2-4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
USCS
255
%
Kg/m3
1960
2100
1940
2040
2070
2060
CEMENT
content
%
0
2
4
6
8
10
soaked for 24hrs and cured for 6 days
15.1
13.2
12.9
12.3
11.2
10.7
OMC
MDD
110
95
87
81
70
26
%
soaked
CBR
18
17
27
28
28
37
LL
NIL
NIL
22
21
20
21
PL
NIL
NIL
5
7
8
16
PI
44
43
42
41
40
33
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C12: Mbo Residual Soil and Cement Classification – Sample no 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 – 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
USCS
256
%
Kg/m3
1810
1940
2100
1990
1980
1980
%
0
2
4
6
8
10
soaked for 96 hrs
8.2
8.5
8.5
8.9
8.2
8.4
OMC
LIME
content
MDD
28
19
110
29
28
31
26
LL
98
105
92
76
26
%
soaked
CBR
5
NIL
NIL
6
8
9
5
PI
23
23
20
22
21
PL
33
32
31
29
29
22
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C13: Mbo Residual Soil and Lime Classification – Sample no 1
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 – 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
USCS
257
%
Kg/m3
1950
1920
2060
2090
2060
2080
%
0
2
4
6
8
10
soaked for 96 hrs
12.1
14.8
15.0
11.5
12.4
11.4
OMC
LIME
content
MDD
120
110
99
92
80
26
%
soaked
CBR
19
26
30
25
30
32
LL
NIL
21
21
18
21
23
PL
NIL
5
9
7
9
9
PI
Appendix C 14: Mbo Residual Soil and Lime Classification – Sample no 2
35
34
33
32
31
28
% passing
Sieve 200
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 – 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
USCS
258
%
Kg/m3
1940
2000
2050
1980
2040
2130
%
0
2
4
6
8
10
soaked for 96hrs
8.6
10.3
11.4
8.5
9.3
10.5
OMC
LIME
content
MDD
169
92
98
86
82
32
%
soaked
CBR
20
28
28
27
31
29
LL
NIL
21
20
21
21
25
PL
NIL
7
8
6
10
4
PI
38
34
34
32
32
35
% passing
Sieve 200
Appendix C 15: Mbo Residual Soil and Lime Classification – Sample no 3 15
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 – 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
A- 2 - 4
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
USCS
259
1960
2090
1930
1930
1950
1970
0
2
4
6
8
10
Soaked for 96 hrs
%
Kg/m3
%
8.9
12.4
10.4
11.5
6.1
10.7
OMC
MDD
Lime
content
145
140
98
85
80
26
soaked %
CBR
18
21
30
30
30
37
LL
NIL
NIL
24
22
20
21
PL
NIL
NIL
6
8
10
16
PI
Appendix C16: Mbo Residual Soil and Lime Classification – Sample no 4
39
36
35
34
33
33
% passing
Sieve 200
A-2-4
A-2-4
A-2-4
A-2-4
A-2-4
A-2-4
AASHTO
Classification
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
SM
USCS
260
261
Appendix D1: RESULTS OF STABILIZATION EXPERIMENTS
Quarry Dust
Content (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Quarry Dust
Content (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Mbo Residual Soil And Quarry Dust Stabilization–Sample No.1
Parame
Test No
ters
1
2
3
4
5
1830
1920
1950
1870
1790
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
7.5
7.4
11.3
13.4
15.6
3
1820
1980
1990
1910
1830
c(kg/m )
w (%)
4.6
6.7
8.5
10.8
12.2
3
1840
1930
2010
1930
1850
c(kg/m )
w (%)
4.4
6.8
8.3
10.2
12.5
1840
1990
2040
1930
1820
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
5.7
6.8
8.8
10.4
12.6
3
1900
1980
2040
1900
1820
c(kg/m )
w (%)
5.0
6.4
8.2
10.2
12.2
3
1740
1840
1910
1830
1750
c(kg/m )
w (%)
2.6
4.5
6.3
8.4
10.4
3
1790
1880
1960
1890
1820
c(kg/m )
w (%)
4.5
6.2
8.1
10.5
12.4
3
1650
1730
1820
1740
1670
c(kg/m )
w (%)
11.8
13.5
15.3
17.0
19.1
Load on Plunger (kg)
Test Number
2.500mm
5.000
penetration penetration
1
429
531
2
404
496
1
319
476
2
343
488
1
453
671
2
417
586
1
596
902
2
601
994
1
780
127
2
820
1310
1
554
900
2
580
910
1
361
485
2
417
496
1
294
318
2
227
MDD
(kg/m3)
OMC
(90)
1950
1990
11.4
8.5
2010
8.3
2040
8.3
2040
8.2
1910
6.3
1960
7.2
1820
15.3
Unsoaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
70
66
52
56
74
68
97.3
98.1
127.3
133.9
90
95
59
68
48
37
5.000mm
58
54
52
53
73
64
98.2
108.2
138.2
142.6
98
100
53
54
35
26
CBR
Adopted
(%)
66
68
71
104
140
99
64
43
262
Appendix D2: Mbo Residual soil and Quarry Dust Stabilization–Sample No.2
Quarry Dust
Content (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Parame
ters
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
Quarry
Dust
Content (%)
Test
Number
0
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1
1850
6.0
1730
2.1
1830
4.3
1740
2.2
1770
2.6
1790
2.4
1810
4.4
1610
8.6
Test No
2
1940
8.4
1820
4.1
1920
6.4
1820
4.2
1860
4.6
1880
4.9
1900
6.7
1700
10.5
Load on Plunger (kg)
*5.000
+
2.500mm penetration
penetratio
n
150
412
146
460
319
476
343
488
404
520
429
579
527
731
525
745
796
1176
772
1130
539
806
521
827
288
550
325
575
263
296
282
341
3
1970
10.6
1900
6.2
2000
8.5
1910
6.1
1930
6.7
1950
6.7
1980
8.5
1780
15.3
4
1880
12.3
1820
8.1
1920
10.8
1830
8.3
1850
8.5
1870
8.6
1900
10.2
1690
14.3
5
1810
14.4
1740
10.1
1840
12.5
1750
10.2
1770
10.9
1790
10.5
1820
12.8
1620
16.7
Unsoaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
5.000mm
24
24
52
56
66
70
86
86
130
126
88
85
47
53
43
46
45
50
52
53
57
63
80
81
128
123
87
90
60
63
32
37
MDD
(kg/m3)
OMC
(%)
1980
1900
10.1
6.2
2000
8.5
1910
6.1
1930
6.7
1950
8.5
1980
8.5
1780
12.6
CBR
Adopted
(%)
60
54
68
86
128
89
50
45
263
Appendix D3: Mbo Residual soil and Quarry Dust Stabilization-Sample No.3
MDD
Quarry Dust
Parame
Test No
OMC
(kg/m3)
Content (%)
ters
1
2
3
4
(%)
5
1770
1860
1940
1860
1780
c(kg/m3)
1940
9.5
0
W (%)
5.2
7.5
9.5
11.4
13.6
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Quarry
Dust
Content
(%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
Test
Number
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1890
10.3
1840
7.5
1900
6.2
1920
5.3
1900
6.6
1830
4.8
1900
4.6
1920
11.5
1930
9.4
2020
8.3
2010
7.4
1990
8.5
1920
6.6
1990
6.3
1880
14.3
2010
11.5
1980
10.4
2070
9.2
2030
10.1
2080
8.6
2040
8.1
Load on Plunger (kg)
2.500mm
5.000
penetratio penetration
n
505
511
306
329
501
521
340
498
740
530
306
388
171
345
110
256
710
656
480
491
718
800
505
710
1136
960
432
542
315
483
167
322
1830
16.3
1970
13.6
1940
12.4
1960
11.3
1990
12.5
1970
10.4
2010
10.6
1790
18.5
1930
15.3
1890
14.4
1870
13.3
1950
14.6
1870
12.1
1900
12.2
1920
11.5
2010
11.5
2020
8.3
2070
9.2
2030
10.1
2080
8.6
2040
8.1
Unsoaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
5.000mm
82
83
50
54
82
85
56
81
120.8
86.5
60.3
75
28
56
18
42
77
71
52
53
78
87
55
77
123.6
106.6
73.7
90
34
53
18
35
CBR
Adopted
(%)
84
52
83
81
117
83
56
42
264
Appendix D4: Mbo Residual soil and Quarry Dust Stabilization -Sample N 4
Parame
Test No
MDD
Quarry Dust
Content (%)
Ters
1
2
3
4
5 (kg/m3)
1800
1890
1960
1880
1800
c(kg/m3)
1960
0
W (%)
6.2
8.1
10.7
12.7
14.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Quarry
Dust
Content
(%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
Test
Number
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1710
2.4
1760
8.4
1930
5.8
1920
4.5
1880
7.3
1810
4.5
1590
8.4
1800
4.4
1850
10.7
2060
7.7
1990
6.4
1970
9.5
1900
6.4
1680
10.3
1890
6.0
2010
12.3
1980
9.4
2050
8.3
2030
11.5
1990
8.1
1760
12.5
Load on Plunger (kg)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetration
n
350
241
338
369
601
590
390
620
600
680
529
526
348
369
233
276
560
420
580
515
720
790
590
758
750
840
811
809
567
600
261
381
1810
8.4
1920
14.5
1880
11.5
2010
10.3
1990
13.5
1910
10.8
1680
14.6
1730
10.1
1830
16.3
1800
13.6
1860
12.5
1940
15.3
1830
12.7
1610
16.1
Unsoaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
5.000mm
54
39
55
60
98
64
64
101
98
111
86
86
57
60
38
45
61
46
63
63
78
86
64
82
82
91
88
88
62
65
28
41
OMC
(%)
10.7
1890
6.2
2010
12.3
2060
7.8
2050
8.4
2030
11.5
1990
8.2
1760
12.5
CBR
Adopted
(%)
61
63
98
101
111
88
65
42
265
Appendix D5: Mbo Residual soil and River Sand Stabilization- Sample No 1
River sand
Parame
Test No
MDD
content (%)
Ters
1
2
3
4
5 (kg/m3)
1830
1920
1950
1870
1790
c(kg/m3)
1950
0
W (%)
7.5
9.4
11.3
13.4
15.6
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
River sand
content (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Test
Number
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1840
6.4
1680
6.4
1890
3.6
1970
5.5
1790
6.4
1730
2.6
1750
4.5
1930
8.1
1770
8.3
1980
5.4
2050
7.5
1880
8.4
1810
4.4
1850
6.1
2000
10.6
1940
10.7
2060
7.6
2130
9.6
1960
10.6
1900
6.7
1930
8.3
Load on Plunger (kg)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetration
n
429
531
404
496
353
440
380
543
458
690
398
699
533
710
515
689
521
1011
459
865
435
566
429
470
392
693
423
723
133
236
140
248
1930
12.5
1860
12.4
2040
9.6
2090
11.6
1890
12.4
1820
8.5
1840
10.4
1860
14.2
1780
14.5
1970
11.5
2050
13.4
1820
14.5
1740
10.5
1770
12.3
Unsoaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
5.000mm
70
66
58
62
748
65
87
84
1157
1020
71
70
64
69
22
23
58
54
48
59
75.1
76.1
77
75
2244
1920
62
51
75
78
26
27
OMC
(%)
11.4
10.6
2000
10.4
1940
7.6
2060
9.6
2130
10.6
1960
6.7
1900
8.3
1930
CBR
Adopted
(%)
66
60
75
86
110
71
67
27
266
Appendix D6: Mbo Residual soil and River Sand Stabilization-Sample No 2
River sand
OMC
MDD
Parame
Test No
3
(%)
(kg/m
content (%)
Ters
1
2
3
4
5
)
1850
1940
1970
1880
1810
c(kg/m3)
1980
10.1
0
W (%)
6.0
8.4
10.6
12.3
14.4
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
River sand
content (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Test
Number
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1700
6.4
1770
7.5
1860
6.5
1970
3.7
1860
6.3
1720
6.7
1720
10.4
1790
8.5
1850
9.4
1950
8.1
2060
5.1
1950
8.1
1810
8.0
1810
12.7
1880
10.6
1940
11.5
2020
10.0
2140
7.8
1970
10.7
1880
10.1
1730
14.7
Load on Plunger (kg)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetration
n
150
412
146
460
298
500
392
556
147
590
429
486
521
728
508
561
619
855
606
890
440
675
545
750
460
718
471
755
302
410
340
420
1810
12.7
1860
13.3
1940
12.3
2090
9.2
1900
12.6
1810
12.2
1660
16.3
1750
14.4
1790
15.1
1860
14.6
2030
11.3
1830
14.7
1740
14.4
1590
18.5
1880
10.6
1940
11.5
2020
9.8
2140
7.8
1970
10.7
1880
10
1730
12.8
Unsoaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
5.000mm
24
24
49
64
73
70
85
83
101
99
72
89
75
77
49
56
45
50
54
61
64
53
79
61
93
97
73
82
78
82
45
46
CBR
Adopted
(%)
60
65
75
86
110
71
67
83
267
Appendix D7: Mbo Residual soil and River Sand Stabilizatio–Sample No 3
MDD
River sand
Parame
Test No
OMC
(kg/m3
content (%)
ters
1
2
3
4
(%)
5
)
1770
1860
1940
1860
1780
c(kg/m3)
1940
9.5
0
W (%)
5.2
7.5
9.5
11.4
13.6
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
River sand
content (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Test
Number
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1730
505
1820
8.6
1730
7.5
1930
4.6
1750
7.6
1750
8.7
1750
10.8
1820
7.4
1910
10.6
1820
9.3
2020
6.1
1840
9.6
1830
9.4
1840
12.0
1920
9.5
1990
12.8
1900
11.4
2060
8.3
1920
11.1
1830
12.7
1800
14.3
Load on Plunger (kg)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetration
n
502
710
511
656
306
380
324
470
447
521
459
540
502
579
515
604
600
815
680
929
475
698
501
757
379
570
420
610
322
420
365
448
1850
11.4
1910
14.1
1870
13.8
1999
10.5
1850
13.7
1790
14.6
1760
16.8
1780
13.7
1840
16.6
1800
15.4
1910
12.6
1780
15.2
1750
16.5
1720
18
1920
9.5
1990
12.8
1910
11.6
2060
8.3
1920
11.1
1830
11.7
1840
12.0
Unsoaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
5.000mm
82
83
50
53
73
75
82
84
98
111
78
82
62
69
53
60
77
71
41
51
57
59
63
66
89
101
76
82
62
66
46
49
CBR
Adopted
(%)
83
52
74
83
95
80
64
57
268
Appendix D8: Mbo Residual soil and River Sand Stabilization–Sample No 4
MDD
River sand
Parame
Test No
OMC
(kg/m3)
content (%)
ters
1
2
3
4
(%)
5
1800
1890
1960
1880
1800
c(kg/m3)
1960
10.7
0
W (%)
6.2
8.1
10.7
12.6
14.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c(kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
c (kg/m3)
W (%)
River sand
content (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Test
Number
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1610
5.5
1760
8.5
1870
4.8
1820
8.6
1870
6.7
1870
4.5
1646
9.2
1700
7.3
1850
10.6
1960
6.5
1910
10.4
1950
8.5
1960
6.2
1730
10.7
1860
9.8
1920
12.3
2060
8.2
1930
12.2
2040
10.2
2020
8.6
1840
13.1
Load on Plunger (kg)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetration
n
230
560
241
420
250
401
278
398
447
589
417
589
506
696
496
566
474
628
545
736
310
430
500
674
380
688
395
645
86
138
80
156
1790
11.5
1860
14.4
1990
10.6
1860
14.7
1990
12.5
2010
10.2
1780
13.9
1720
13.2
1790
16.3
1920
12.5
1790
16.3
1950
14.7
1940
12.7
1740
16.3
1860
9.7
1930
12.5
2060
8.2
1930
12.2
2050
10.4
2020
1840
Unsoaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
5.000mm
54
39
41
45
73
68
83
81
77
89
51
82
62
64
14
13
61
46
44
43
64
64
75
62
68
80
47
73
72
70
15
17
8
13.1
CBR
Adopted
(%)
61
66
70
82
90
82
70
17
269
Appendix D9: Mbo Residual soil and Cement Stabilization–Sample No. 1
Cement
Parame
Test No
MDD
content (%)
ters
1
2
3
4
5 (kg/m3)
1810
c (kg/m3)
1600
1690
1810
1730
1650
0
w (%)
4.6
6.9
8.4
10.2
12.4
2
4
6
8
10
c (kg/m3)
1820
1950
2120
2020
1770
w (%)
7.0
9.1
11.2
13.4
15.5
c (kg/m3)
1670
1810
2060
2030
1810
w (%)
9.5
11.6
13.8
15.2
17.4
c (kg/m3)
1980
2050
2050
1980
1860
w (%)
8.4
10.3
12.1
14.3
16.5
c (kg/m3)
1880
1900
2050
1990
1860
w (%)
10.6
12.4
14.7
16.1
18.4
c (kg/m3)
1770
1920
2050
1940
1860
w (%)
10.9
12.8
14.2
16.3
18.4
Cement
content (%)
0
2
Test
Number
1
2
1
2
4
1
2
6
1
2
8
1
2
10
1
2
Load on Plunger (kg)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetration
n
159
196
OMC
(%)
8.4
2120
11.5
2060
14.5
2050
10.9
2050
14.9
2050
14.6
Soaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
5.000mm
CBR
Adopted
(%)
26
21
26
153
240
25
26
1094
1678
80.
82.
1112
1661
82
81
1237
1898
91
93
1334
2011
98
97
1510
2387
111
117
1538
2315
113
114
1659
2509
122
123
1638
2430
120
119
1727
2550
127
126
1720
2471
125
121
82
96
115
121
127
270
Appendix D10: Mbo Residual soil and Cement Stabilization – Sample No 2
MDD
Cement
Parame
Test No
OMC
(kg/m3)
content (%)
ters
1
2
3
4
(%)
5
c(kg/m3)
1830
1920
1950
1870
1790
1950
11.4
0
w (%)
7.5
9.4
11.3
13.4
15.6
2
4
6
8
10
c(kg/m3)
1830
1890
2080
1980
1650
w (%)
9.7
11.4
13.4
15.4
17.3
c(kg/m3)
1820
1900
2070
1990
1780
w (%)
7.5
9.2
13.3
13.3
15.4
c(kg/m3)
1930
2030
2040
1940
1830
w (%)
8.5
10.7
12.8
14.5
16.3
c(kg/m3)
1830
1890
2070
2040
1910
w (%)
9.5
11.6
13.6
15.2
17.4
c(kg/m3)
1750
1960
2030
1950
1850
W (%)
11.2
13.5
15.1
17.2
19.2
Cement
content (%)
0
2
Test
Number
1
2
1
2
4
1
2
6
1
2
8
1
2
10
1
2
Load on Plunger (kg)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetration
n
159
196
2080
13.8
2070
11.7
2040
12.8
2070
14.1
2030
15.2
Soaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
5.000mm
CBR
Adopted
(%)
26
19
26
141
240
23
19
993
1487
73
73
965
1505
71
74
1066
1614
78
79
1090
1638
80
80
1088
1100
80
81
1674
1701
82
83
1319
1918
97
95
1298
1894
94
93
1510
2309
111
113
1427
2198
105
108
73
79
83
96
110
271
Appendix D11: Mbo Residual soil and Cement Stabilization–Sample No.3
MDD
Cement
Parame
Test No
(kg/m3
content (%)
ters
1
2
3
4
5
)
c(kg/m3)
1770
1860
1940
1860
1780
1940
0
w (%)
7.5
7.5
9.5
11.4
13.6
2
4
6
8
10
Cement
content
(%)
0
2
c(kg/m3)
1810
1900
2060
1990
1810
w (%)
7.2
9.2
11.4
13.4
15.2
c(kg/m3)
1790
1870
2130
2040
1820
w (%)
9.5
11.5
13.1
15.6
17.4
c(kg/m3)
1900
2050
2050
1910
1800
w (%)
7.8
9.3
11.8
13.6
15.2
c(kg/m3)
1740
1900
2070
2000
1940
w (%)
9.7
11.4
13.2
15.4
17.3
c(kg/m3)
1800
1930
2080
2000
1890
w (%)
11.4
13.1
15.4
17.3
19.4
Test
Number
1
2
1
2
4
1
2
6
1
2
8
1
2
10
1
2
Load on Plunger (kg)
Soaked CBR (%)
5.000
2.500mm
penetrati penetration 2.500mm 5.000mm
on
251
320
41
35
178
223
29
24
997
1550
73
75
1021
1610
76
79
1105
1706
81
83
1125
2071
84
101
1183
1734
87
85
1005
1801
74
88
1200
1810
88
89
1361
2000
100
98
1399
2176
103
107
1445
2211
106
108
2060
2130
OMC
(%)
10.4
11.6
13.5
2050
2070
2080
9.7
13.7
15.6
CBR
Adopted
(%)
32
77
82
87
94
108
272
Appendix D12: Mbo Residual soil and Cement Stabilization–Sample No.4
MDD
Cement
Parame
Test No
(kg/m3
content (%)
ters
1
2
3
4
5
)
c(kg/m3)
1660
1750
1830
1760
1680
1830
0
w (%)
2.6
4.3
6.2
8.5
8.5
2
4
6
8
10
c(kg/m3)
1850
1930
2100
1990
1810
w (%)
7.3
9.3
11.2
13.5
15.3
w(kg/m3)
1710
1780
1940
1970
1690
w (%)
8.4
10.3
12.3
14.6
16.1
c(kg/m3)
1910
1970
2040
1980
1810
w (%)
8.4
10.4
12.9
14.4
16.5
c(kg/m3)
1740
1930
2070
1960
1850
w (%)
9.6
11.3
13.2
15.1
17.2
c(kg/m3)
1790
1920
2060
1840
1810
w (%)
11.2
13.3
15.0
17.3
19.1
Cement
content (%)
0
2
Test
Number
1
2
1
2
4
1
2
6
1
2
8
1
2
10
1
2
249
31
30
999
1554
74
70
910
1587
76
78
1088
1643
80
81
1083
1658
79
81
1312
1776
96
87
1303
1767
95
87
1305
1918
96
94
1292
1978
95
97
1454
1481
107
110
2244
2231
108
109
6.2
2100
11.8
1940
12.8
2040
12.9
2070
13.2
2060
15.0
Load on Plunger (kg)
Soaked CBR (%)
5.000
2.500mm
penetrati penetration 2.500mm 5.000mm
on
178
238
29
26
190
OMC
(%)
CBR
Adopted
(%)
30
70
81
87
95
110
273
Appendix D13: Mbo Residual soil and Lime Stabilization–Sample No.1
MDD
Lime
Parame
Test No
(kg/m3
content (%)
ters
1
2
3
4
5
)
c(kg/m3)
1770
1860
1940
1860
1780
1940
0
w(%)
5.2
7.5
9.5
11.4
13.6
2
4
6
8
10
c(kg/m3)
1780
1870
1940
1870
1870
w (%)
4.5
6.3
8.2
10.5
12.6
c(kg/m3)
1990
2080
2100
2030
1960
w (%)
4.4
6.8
8.8
10.4
12.6
c(kg/m3)
1820
1910
1990
1910
1830
w (%)
4.5
6.2
8.6
10.2
12.7
c(kg/m3)
1820
1910
1980
1900
1820
w (%)
4.6
6.5
8.5
10.3
12.7
c(kg/m3)
1810
1900
1980
1900
1820
w (%)
4.4
6.2
8.2
10.4
12.3
Lime
content (%)
0
2
Test
Number
1
2
1
2
4
1
2
6
1
2
8
1
2
10
1
2
Load on Plunger (kg)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetration
n
251
320
8.2
2100
8.9
1990
8.5
1980
8.5
1980
8.2
2.500mm
5.000mm
41
35
223
29
24
466
708
76
77
453
689
74
75
539
729
88
79
582
748
95
81
643
974
105
106
631
956
103
104
600
700
97.9
97.9
605
903
110
98.2
674
1020
110
111
662
1002
108
109
10.4
1940
Soaked CBR (%)
178
OMC
(%)
CBR
Adopted
(%)
32
76
89
105
98
110
274
Appendix D14: Mbo Residual soil and Lime Stabilization – Sample No.2
MDD
Lime
Parame
Test No
OMC
(kg/m3
content (%)
ters
1
2
3
4
(%)
5
)
c(kg/m3)
1830
1920
1950
1870
1790
1950
11.4
0
w (%)
7.5
9.4
11.3
13.3
15.6
2
4
6
8
10
c(kg/m3)
1750
1830
1920
1920
1760
w (%)
8.4
10.5
12.3
12.3
16.2
c(kg/m3)
1890
1880
2060
2060
1900
w (%)
7.6
9.5
11.5
11.5
15.0
c(kg/m3)
1930
2020
2090
2090
1930
w (%)
11.4
13.6
15.1
15.1
19.5
c(kg/m3)
1900
1990
2060
2060
1900
w (%)
10.7
12.5
14.8
14.8
18.3
c(kg/m3)
1910
2000
2080
2080
1920
w (%)
8.5
10.4
12.1
12.1
16.3
Lime
content (%)
0
2
Test
Number
1
2
1
2
4
1
2
6
1
2
8
1
2
10
1
2
Load on Plunger (kg)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetration
n
159
177
1920
12.4
2060
11.5
2090
15.0
2060
14.8
2080
12.1
Soaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
5.000mm
26
19
141
170
23
19
520
765
85
83.3
470
700
76.7
76.2
570
840
93
91.4
490
710
80
77.3
610
930
99.5
101.2
599
897
97.7
97.6
684
1021
111.6
111.1
670
1010
109.3
109.9
731
1092
119.3
118.8
742
1120
121.1
121.8
CBR
Adopted
(%)
26
80
92
99
110
120
275
Appendix D15: Mbo Residual soil and Lime Stabilization – Sample No.3
MDD
Lime
Parame
Test No
(kg/m3)
content (%)
ters
1
2
3
4
5
c (kg/m3)
1770
1860
1940
1860
1780
1940
0
w (%)
5.2
7.5
9.5
11.4
13.6
2
4
6
8
10
c (kg/m3)
1910
2000
1970
1900
1830
w (%)
7.5
9.4
11.3
13.5
15.4
c (kg/m3)
1940
2020
2050
1990
1930
w (%)
4.6
6.4
8.5
10.4
12.5
c (kg/m3)
1810
1900
1980
1840
1760
c (%)
7.3
9.6
11.4
13.9
15.7
c (kg/m3)
1870
1960
2040
1960
1880
w (%)
6.5
8.5
10.2
12.6
14.3
c (kg/m3)
1950
2040
2130
2040
1920
w (%)
4.4
6.2
8.6
10.0
12.5
Lime
content (%)
0
2
Test
Number
1
2
1
2
4
1
2
6
1
2
8
1
2
10
1
2
Load on Plunger (kg)
5.000
2.500mm
penetration
penetratio
n
251
320
OMC
(%)
10.4
2000
9.3
2050
8.5
1980
11.4
2040
10.3
2130
8.6
Soaked CBR (%)
2.500mm
5.000mm
41
35
178
223
29
24
521
744
85
81
466
763
76
83
550
750
89.8
81.6
300
458
49
49.8
600
910
78
99
588
891
96
97
564
855
92
93
551
836
90
91
590
855
96
93
1035
1380
169
150
CBR
Adopted
(%)
32
82
86
98
92
169
276
Appendix D16: Mbo Residual soil and Lime Stabilization – Sample No.4
Parame
Lime
Test No
MDD
OMC
Ters
content
1
2
3
4
(kg/m3
(%)
(%)
5
)
6.2
c (kg/m3)
1660
1750
1830
1760 1680 1830
0
w (%)
2.6
4.3
6.2
8.5
8.5
2
4
6
8
10
c (kg/m3)
2000
2090
2060
1990
1920
w (%)
4.3
6.1
8.2
10.3
12.5
c (kg/m3)
1760
1850
1930
1860
1800
w (%)
7.6
9.4
11.5
13.1
15.5
c (kg/m3)
1760
1850
1930
1850
1770
c (%)
6.2
8.5
10.4
12.1
14.5
c (kg/m3)
1780
1870
1950
1870
1790
w (%)
8.2
10.3
12.4
14.2
16.2
c (kg/m3)
1800
1880
1970
1890
1810
w (%)
4.6
6.2
8.9
10.5
12.5
Lime
content (%)
0
2
Test
Number
1
2
1
2
4
1
2
6
1
2
8
1
2
10
1
2
2090
6.1
1930
11.5
1930
10.4
1950
12.4
1970
8.9
Load on Plunger (kg)
Soaked CBR (%)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetration 2.500mm 5.000mm
n
178
238
29
26
190
279
31
30
480
735
78
80
498
665
81
72
500
589
82
64
519
741
85
81
600
750
98
82
594
786
97
86
845
975
138
106
864
1168
141
127
870
1106
142
120
901
1104
147
124
CBR
Adopted
(%)
30
80
85
98
140
145
277
Appendix D17: Mbo Residual soil and Cement-Sand Stabilization-SampleNo.1
Cement
content
(%)
Sand
Content
(%)
0
10
2
20
30
40
50
0
10
4
20
30
40
50
6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Parame
ters
Test No
2
1950
9.1
2120
11.2
2020
13.4
1770
15.5
1810
8.4
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
1770
12.2
1960
10.3
2040
14.2
2030
12.4
18.30
16.6
1950
14.2
1710
18.4
2040
14.2
2030
12.4
1970
9.0
1980
10.6
1970
10.5
1810
11.6
1980
8.4
1980
2040
11.2
2050
12.4
2060
12.2
2060
13.8
2050
10.5
2060
1960
13.3
1970
14.4
1980
14.5
2030
15.2
1970
12.2
1950
2040
11.4
2050
12.5
2060
12.4
2060
13.8
2050
10.5
2060
12.4
10.3
2000
7.8
2010
8.4
2010
8.2
2050
10.3
1960
6.2
1980
5.2
2010
9.4
2010
6.2
2030
6.2
12.4
2070
9.6
2100
10.2
2080
10.5
2050
12.1
2030
8.3
2050
7.7
2090
11.4
2080
8.2
2100
8.7
14.2
1990
11.5
2020
12.7
2000
12.5
1980
14.3
1950
10.5
1970
9.3
2010
13.7
2000
10.8
2020
10.2
2070
9.9
2100
10.5
2080
10.5
2050
10.3
2030
8.6
2050
7.7
2090
11
2080
8.2
2100
8.7
c(kg/m3)
c (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
c (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
" (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
1670
9.5
1890
8.6
1980
8.4
1920
7.7
4
OMC
(%)
1
5
c(kg/m3) 1820
w (%)
7.0
1740
10.2
3
MDD
(kg/m3)
1810
17.4
1910
16.3
1860
16.5
1930
15.3
278
Cement
content (%)
Sand
Content
(%)
0
10
8
20
30
40
50
Parame
ters
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
c (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
1
5
1880
10.6
1900
8.7
Test No
2
3
4
1900
12.4
1960
4.8
1970
4.1
2050
14.7
2030
6.7
2060
6.5
1990
16.1
1950
8.5
1980
8.0
1990
4.5
1990
10.2
1950
4.6
2090
6.6
2080
12.6
2020
6.4
2000
8.3
2000
14.2
1940
8.6
MDD
(kg/m3)
OMC
(%)
2050
14.7
2030
6.7
2060
6.5
2090
6.7
2080
12.6
2020
6.4
1860
18.4
1930
16.4
Appendix D18: Mbo Residual soil and Cement-Sand Stabilization-SampleNo.2
Parame
Test No
MDD
OMC
Cement
Sand
ters
1
2
3
4
5
(kg/m
content (%)
Content
(%)
3
(%)
)
0
2080
1980
1650
c(kg/m3) 1830 1890
2080
13.4
10
2
20
30
40
50
0
w (%)
9.7
11.4
13.4
15.4
17.3
c(kg/m3)
1870
1960
2040
1970
1900
w (%)
8.3
10.3
12.4
14.4
16.3
c(kg/m3)
1980
2040
1950
w (%)
9.6
11.4
13.6
c(kg/m3)
2030
2050
1950
c (%)
7.1
9.9
11.4
c(kg/m3)
2070
2060
1980
w (%)
9.3
11.4
13.4
c(kg/m3)
2020
2070
1930
w (%)
10.3
12.1
14.3
1900
2070
1990
c(kg/m3)
1820
1780
2040
12.4
2040
11.5
2050
9.9
2060
11.3
2070
121
279
w (%)
4
11.3
13.3
15.4
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
2010
7.6
2050
9.1
1950
11.5
20
c(kg/m3)
1970
2050
1970
1890
14.6
30
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
8
9.2
10
40
6
7.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
w (%)
1880
8.6
10.5
12.5
c(kg/m3)
c (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
6.5
2020
7.3
2000
8.3
2070
9.9
2090
10.2
1950
11.4
1920
12.5
c(kg/m3)
2090
2120
1980
w (%)
8.3
10.9
11.6
c(kg/m3)
1930
2030
2040
1940
1830
w (%)
8.5
10.7
12.8
14.5
16.3
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
2010
8.2
1980
2060
10.8
2080
1920
12.6
1930
w (%)
6.3
8.1
10.5
c(kg/m3)
1920
2010
2090
2010
1930
c (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
c (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
6.2
8.5
2050
6.0
2080
6.9
1890
11.6
2030
6.2
2090
6.3
2050
6.6
1960
11.5
2070
7.2
10.6
2100
7.9
2120
8.1
2070
13.6
2070
8.6
2080
8.4
2090
8.6
2040
13.6
2120
9.1
12.5
1980
9.4
2000
10.2
2030
15.2
1930
10.5
1950
10.5
1990
10.8
1960
15.3
1980
11.8
14.6
1830
9.5
1870
9.1
2070
11.3
2050
9.1
2050
10.5
2070
9.9
2090
10.2
2120
10.9
2040
12.8
2060
10.8
2080
8.2
2090
10.8
2100
2120
1910
17.4
1890
17.7
7.9
8.1
2070
13.6
2070
8.6
2100
7.2
2090
8.6
2040
2120
13.6
9.2
280
Appendix D19: Mbo Residual soil and Cement-SandStabilization-SampleNo.3
MDD
Parame
Test No
Cement
Sand
OMC
(kg/m
ters
1
2
3
4
content (%) Content
(%)
3
5
(%)
)
0
2060
1990
1810
c(kg/m3) 1810 1900
2060
11.4
w (%)
7.2
9.2
11.4
13.4
15.2
3
10
2050
1970
1900
c(kg/m ) 1880 1970
2050
12.4
w (%)
8.7
10.1
12.5
14.5
16.4
3
20
1960
2050
1930
c(kg/m )
2
2050
12.4
w (%)
10.6
12.4
14.2
30
40
50
0
10
20
4
30
40
50
0
10
6
20
30
40
50
0
10
20
c(kg/m3)
c (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
c (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
c (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
1790
9.5
1900
8.3
1900
7.8
1890
8.5
1740
9.7
2020
8.0
2000
8.6
2020
8.9
1870
11.5
1960
8.2
1980
10.7
1980
7.6
2010
8.3
2030
7.7
2050
9.3
1970
6.4
1990
5.5
1970
10.3
2020
6.3
2020
6.4
1900
11.4
2030
6.6
2000
2060
10.2
2070
10.8
2080
10.4
2130
13.1
2030
10.2
2070
12.4
2050
9.8
2080
10.3
2100
9.9
2050
11.8
2040
8.3
2080
7.9
2060
12.5
2090
8.5
2090
8.3
2070
13.2
2070
8.5
2080
1950
12.3
1920
12.4
1960
12.5
2040
15.6
1950
12.6
1990
14.2
1970
11.6
2000
12.6
2020
11.4
1910
13.6
1960
10.5
2000
9.3
1980
14.4
2010
10.6
2010
10.6
2000
15.4
1950
10.4
1910
1820
17.4
1910
16.5
1800
15.2
2060
10.2
2070
10.8
2080
10.4
2130
13.1
2030
10.2
2070
12.4
2050
9.8
2080
10.6
2100
9.9
11.8
2050
2040
2080
2060
2090
1940
17.3
8.3
7.9
12.5
8.5
2090
8.4
2070
13.2
2070
8.5
2080
8.9
281
8
30
40
50
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
c (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
c(kg/m3)
w (%)
1870
8.2
6.4
2080
6.0
1960
10.3
2040
6.3
8.9
2110
8.8
2050
12.7
2120
8.6
10.5
2000
10.4
1970
14.3
1970
10.4
1900
16.4
2110
8.8
2050
12.7
2120
8.6
Appendix D20: Mbo Residual soil and Cement-Sand Stabilization-Sample No4
MDD
Parame
Test No
Cement
Sand
OMC
3
(kg/m )
ters
1
2
3
4
content (%) Content
(%)
5
(%)
0
2100
11.2
2100
1990
1810
c(kg/m3) 1850 1930
2
10
20
30
40
50
0
w (%)
7.3
9.3
11.2
13.5
15.3
c(kg/m3)
1870
1960
2040
1960
1880
w (%)
8.2
10.8
12.4
14.6
16.3
c(kg/m3)
1960
2030
1950
w (%)
7.5
9.1
11.5
c(kg/m3)
1970
2040
1960
c (%)
7.4
9.5
11.4
c(kg/m3)
1980
2050
1970
w (%)
8.0
10.3
12.2
c(kg/m3)
2000
2070
1990
w (%)
8.4
10.5
12.5
1780
1940
1920
c(kg/m3)
1710
1690
2040
12.4
2030
9.1
2040
9.5
2050
10.4
2070
10.8
1940
12.3
282
w (%)
10
4
20
30
40
50
0
6
10
20
30
40
50
8
0
10
8.4
10.3
12.3
14.6
c(kg/m3)
1940
2040
1930
w (%)
8.6
10.7
12.6
16.1
c(kg/m3)
1890
1980
2050
1970
1890
w (%)
8.5
10.5
12.6
14.7
16.2
c(kg/m3)
2030
2060
1920
c (%)
8.2
10.4
12.6
c(kg/m3)
2060
2080
2000
w (%)
8.7
10.6
12.7
c(kg/m3)
2070
2100
1990
w (%)
8.4
10.9
12.6
c(kg/m3)
1910
1970
2040
1980
1810
w (%)
8.4
10.4
19.9
14.4
16.5
c(kg/m3)
2020
2060
1910
w (%)
5.1
7.4
9.6
c(kg/m3)
2060
2080
1990
w (%)
9.3
11.8
13.5
c(kg/m3)
1890
1980
2060
1980
1900
w (%)
8.6
10.4
12.5
14.4
16.2
c(kg/m3)
2080
2110
2010
c (%)
8.9
10.8
12.2
c(kg/m3)
2080
2130
1970
w (%)
8.0
10.4
12.0
3
c(kg/m )
1790
1920
2060
1840
1810
w (%)
11.2
13.3
15.0
17.3
19.1
1960
2060
1860
c(kg/m3)
2040
10.7
2050
12.6
2060
10.4
2080
10.8
2100
11.0
2040
12.9
2060
7.4
2080
11.8
2060
12.5
2110
10.8
2130
10.4
2060
15.1
2060
9.8
283
20
30
40
50
w (%)
7.8
9.8
12.0
c(kg/m3)
2040
2090
2010
w (%)
7.4
9.6
11.7
c(kg/m3)
2080
2120
2020
w (%)
7.5
9.4
11.7
c(kg/m3)
1870
1960
2060
1990
1920
c (%)
8.2
8.5
10.5
12.6
14.7
c(kg/m3)
2080
2140
1990
w (%)
7.8
9.2
11.3
2090
9.6
2120
9.4
2060
10.3
2140
9.2
Appendix D21: Mbo Residual soil and Cement-Sand Stabilization-SampleNo1
Soaked CBR
Test
Sand
Cement
Adopted
Soaked CBR
Load on Plunger
Content Content Number
(%)
(%)
(kg)
(%)
(%)
2.500mm
penetratio
n
5.000
penetrat
ion
2.500m
m
5.000m
m
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1179
1170
1332
1487
1605
1540
1674
1610
1753
1701
1170
1897
2198
2222
2428
2340
2530
2461
2652
2401
87
86
98
109
118
113
123
118
128
125
95
93
108
109
119
115
124
120
130
118
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1333
1310
1427
1445
1537
1348
1605
1999
1923
2202
2244
2346
2031
2387
98
96
105
106
113
220
118
98
94
108
110
115
221
117
0
10
2
20
30
40
50
0
10
4
20
30
40
94
108
117
122
130
96
109
116
284
50
0
6
10
20
30
40
50
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
2
1
2
1674
1701
1701
2591
2611
2178
123
125
231
127
128
237
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1427
1470
1605
1618
1701
1732
1836
1876
1905
1885
2244
2264
2327
2449
2571
2673
2877
2835
2999
3039
105
108
118
118
125
127
135
137
140
138
110
111
114
120
126
131
141
139
147
149
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1483
1490
1714
1687
1863
1905
2000
2040
1845
1891
2284
2347
2611
2673
2755
2957
3101
3121
2897
3039
109
110
126
124
137
140
147
150
135
139
112
115
128
131
135
144
152
153
142
148
128
136
110
117
129
140
148
114
130
140
152
145
Appendix D22: Mbo Residual soil and Cement-Sand StabilizationSampleNo.2
CBR
Test
Sand
Cement
Soaked CBR
Load on Plunger
Content( Number
Content
(%)
(kg)
%)
(%)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetrat
ion
n
0
2
2.500m
m
5.000m
m
10
1
2
1163
1179
1883
1836
85
86
92
90
20
1
2
1
1336
1361
1534
2142
2191
2400
98
100
112
105
107
117
30
Adopted
(%)
91
106
285
2
1556
2358
114
115
117
40
1
1627
2469
119
121
1636
1698
1738
2384
2640
2586
120
124
127
116
129
126
118
50
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1283
1312
1454
1467
1481
1507
1693
1622
1812
1829
1996
2153
2264
2182
2418
2384
2528
2605
2813
2782
94
96
106
107
108
110
124
119
133
134
97
105
110
107
118
116
123
127
137
136
102
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1445
1494
1562
1574
1712
1740
1816
1832
1888
1936
2278
2302
2420
2442
2673
2609
2835
2853
2975
3057
106
109
114
115
125
127
133
134
138
142
111
112
118
119
131
127
138
139
145
149
112
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1494
1558
1698
1725
1869
1885
2016
2025
2116
2171
2362
2322
2631
2644
2882
2866
3077
3097
3346
3437
109
114
124
126
137
138
148
148
155
159
115
113
128
129
141
140
150
151
164
168
115
128
0
10
4
20
30
40
50
109
118
126
137
0
6
10
20
30
40
50
8
119
129
139
148
0
10
20
30
40
50
129
141
151
166
286
Appendix D23: Mbo Residual soil and Cement-Sand Stabilization-Sample No3
Soaked CBR
Test
Sand
Cement
Adopted
Soaked CBR
Load on Plunger
Content Content( Number
(%)
(%)
(kg)
%)
(%)
10
2
20
30
40
50
0
10
4
20
30
40
50
2.500mm
penetrati
on
5.000
penetrat
ion
2.500m
m
5.000m
m
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1421
1274
1538
1287
1669
1585
1865
1585
1802
1753
2087
2042
2406
2191
2408
2282
2660
2251
2852
2797
104
93
113
94
122
116
137
116
132
129
102
100
118
107
118
111
130
110
139
137
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1552
1585
1470
1501
1776
1767
2024
1989
1885
2011
2451
2318
2120
2200
2681
2655
2894
2792
2822
3286
114
116
126
127
130
129
148
146
139
147
120
113
125
119
131
130
141
137
138
151
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1551
1571
1602
1627
1829
1765
1929
1740
2054
2109
2273
2417
2437
2297
2748
2451
3030
2792
3219
3338
114
115
117
119
134
129
141
128
151
155
111
118
119
112
135
120
148
136
157
165
117
1
1744
2453
128
120
125
0
6
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
101
113
120
134
138
118
126
131
148
150
119
135
145
162
287
8
20
30
40
50
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1653
1789
1676
1829
1765
2020
2047
2298
2260
2439
2672
2459
2748
2451
3106
3121
3334
3394
121
131
123
134
129
148
150
168
166
119
123
120
134
120
152
153
163
166
131
134
153
168
Appendix D24: Mbo Residual soil and Cement-Sand Stabilization-Sample No4
Cement
Sand
Test
Soaked CBR
Content
Content( Number
Adopted
Load on Plunger
Soaked CBR
(%)
%)
%
(%)
(kg)
5.000
2.500mm
penetratio penetrat
ion
n
0
2
2.500m
m
5.000m
m
10
1
2
1643
1421
2464
2011
120
104
120
98
20
1
1609
2444
118
119
2
1536
2222
114
109
1
1753
2642
128
129
2
1801
2590
132
126
40
1
1920
2805
141
138
50
2
1
1899
1994
2511
3091
139
146
123
151
2
2010
2997
147
146
1
1367
2211
101
108
2
1351
2166
99
106
30
110
119
128
140
149
0
4
10
107
288
20
1
1693
2511
124
123
2
1685
2485
123
121
1
1816
2766
133
135
2
1845
2733
135
134
1
1889
2850
138
139
2
1991
2866
146
140
1
2061
3133
151
153
2
1899
3086
139
151
1
1559
2773
114
116
2
1576
2291
115
112
1
1725
2632
126
129
2
1750
2598
128
127
1
1858
2829
136
138
2
1941
2790
142
136
1
2108
3011
155
147
2
2099
2985
154
146
1
2243
3388
164
166
2
1973
3299
145
161
1
1663
2426
122
118
2
1599
2366
117
115
20
1
2
1750
1787
2589
2637
128
131
126
129
130
30
1
1
2225
3242
163
158
162
2
2176
2976
160
145
1
2388
3554
175
174
2
2160
3244
158
159
30
40
50
124
135
140
152
0
6
10
20
30
40
50
8
114
128
138
155
164
0
10
117
2
40
50
174
289
Appendix D25: COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and River Sand Stabilization – Sample No 2
BS Compaction 2.5Kg – 3 Layers - 25 blows
River Sand Parameters
Test No
MDD
OMC
Content (%)
(Kg/m3)
(%)
10
c(Kg/m )
1
1710
20
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
10.2
1700
11.4
1800
13.7
1800
14.6
1800
16.6
1720
1890
10.3
30
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
6.4
1620
8.6
1770
10.2
1860
12.4
1760
14.4
1710
1860
11.3
40
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
7.3
1770
9.3
1830
11.3
1880
13.4
1840
15.5
1790
1880
12.3
50
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
8.4
1860
10.9
1920
12.3
1920
14.8
1860
16.8
1820
1930
9.1
60
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
6.0
1800
6.2
8.1
1820
8.5
9.7
1880
10.6
11.8
1850
12.5
13.2
1740
14.5
1880
10.6
70
c(Kg/m3)
1830
1920
1940
1860
1780
1940
6.2
W (%)
2.8
4.1
6.2
8.2
10.2
River
Sand
Content
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
3
Test No
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1740
3
1790
4
1780
5
1720
1790
14.1
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration
penetration
78
138
60
156
116
129
86
119
98
170
74
162
116
221
129
184
202
208
274
266
123
204
186
273
200
238
145
228
Soaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
13
10
19
14
16
12.1
19
21
33
34
20
30.4
33
23.1
15
17
14
13
18.5
17.6
24
20
30
29
22.2
29.7
26
25
CBR
Adopted
(%)
16
17
18
22
34
26
32
290
Appendix D26: COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and River Sand Stabilization – Sample No 4
BS Compaction 2.5Kg – 3 layers - 25 blows
River Sand Parameters
Test No
MDD
OMC
Content (%)
(Kg/m3)
(%)
2
1770
12.6
1890
3
1780
14.4
1920
4
1730
16.5
1810
5
1680
18.5
1760
1790
13.6
20
c(Kg/m )
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
1
1720
10.5
1840
1920
10.5
30
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
6.3
168
8.5
1800
10.5
1890
12.5
1820
14.4
1770
1890
10.4
W (%)
6.4
8.6
10.4
12.4
14.6
1670
1820
1870
1820
1760
1870
11.5
7.3
9.3
11.5
13.5
15.4
1880
1930
1920
1870
1810
1930
7.5
5.6
7.5
9.5
11.7
13.5
1890
1900
1940
1920
1830
1940
9.7
5.4
7.5
9.6
11.6
13.4
1800
1880
1970
1890
1810
1970
7.1
3.4
5.6
7.0
9.3
11.4
3
10
c(Kg/m3)
40
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
50
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
60
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
70
W (%)
River Sand Test No
Content
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration
penetration
80
130
81
136
81
131
93
141
120
140
60
110
61
80
129
175
140
276
178
296
133
170
198
290
196
96
240
210
Soaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
13.1
13.2
13.2
15.2
19.6
9.8
10
13
23
29
22
32
32
15.7
14.1
14.8
14.3
15.3
14.5
12
14
19
30
32
19
32
26.1
22.9
CBR
Adopted
(%)
14
15
16
19
31
32
25
291
Appendix D27: COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and River Sand Stabilization – Sample No 2
W.A.S Compaction 4.5Kg – 5 layers - 25 blows
River Sand Parameters
Test No
MDD
OMC
Content (%)
(Kg/m3)
(%)
1
1850
2
1940
3
2010
4
1920
5
1850
5.3
7.1
9.1
11.4
13.5
1880
1960
1980
1900
1820
6.6
8.5
10.4
12.6
14.4
1800
1830
1900
1830
1710
7.4
9.6
11.8
13.4
15.6
c(Kg/m )
1570
1660
1740
1700
1660
W (%)
10.5
12.6
14.5
16.4
18.4
c(Kg/m3)
1890
1980
2030
1950
1870
4.5
6.8
8.5
10.3
12.5
3
10
)(Kg/m )
W (%)
3
20
c(Kg/m )
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
30
W (%)
3
40
50
W (%)
20
30
40
50
60
70
9.2
1990
9.8
1900
11.8
1740
14.6
2060
8.6
60
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1790
5.2
1880
7.5
1970
9.4
1890
11.5
1810
13.7
1970
9.8
70
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1640
2.6
1730
4.5
1810
6.0
1730
8.4
1650
10.2
1810
6.0
River Sand Test No
Content
10
2000
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration
penetration
218
300
116
265
196
283
218
310
216
285
220
291
220
354
235
340
228
346
232
360
262
361
261
349
257
340
233
356
Soaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
CBR
Adopted (%)
35.6
18.9
32
35.6
35.3
35.9
35.9
38.4
37.2
37.9
42.8
42.6
42
38
32
32.6
28.8
30.8
33.7
31
31.7
37.5
37.0
37.7
39.2
39.3
38
37
39
34
36
38
39
43
40
292
Appendix D28: COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and River Sand Stabilization – Sample No 4
W.A.S Compaction 4.5Kg – 5 layers - 25 blows
River Sand Parameters
Test No
MDD
OMC
Content (%)
(Kg/m3)
(%)
)(Kg/m )
1
1650
2
1740
3
1710
4
1630
5
1550
W (%)
11.3
13.5
15.6
17.4
19.3
1850
1940
1990
1910
1830
6.4
8.2
16.6
12.5
14.3
1790
1880
1940
1890
1840
7.5
9.7
11.5
13.7
15.8
1650
1740
1800
1730
1660
6.7
8.7
10.5
12.6
14.6
1740
1830
1980
1910
1830
5.6
7.9
9.8
11.4
13.5
3
10
3
20
c(Kg/m )
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
30
W (%)
3
40
c(Kg/m )
W (%)
c(Kg/m3)
50
W (%)
1750
14
1990
10.6
1940
11.5
1800
10.5
1980
10
60
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1650
8.5
1740
10
1850
12.8
1770
14.5
1690
16.3
1860
12.2
70
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1520
9.3
1620
11.7
1750
13.5
1640
15.7
1540
17.6
1750
13.5
River Sand
Content
Test No
10
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
20
30
40
50
60
70
2
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration
penetration
196
249
180
265
201
256
196
274
216
220
342
298
231
346
229
340
230
350
234
355
250
316
241
324
240
301
206
296
Soaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
32
29.4
32.8
32
35.3
35.9
37.7
37.4
37.5
38.2
40.8
39.3
39.2
33.6
27.1
28.8
27.9
29.8
37.2
32.4
37.7
37.0
38.1
38.6
34.4
35.2
32.8
32.2
CBR
Adopted (%)
31
32
35
37
38
40
46
293
Appendix D29: COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and River Sand Stabilization – Sample No 2
H.B.S Compaction 4.5Kg – 5 layers - 61 blows
River Sand
Parameters
Test No
MDD
OMC
Content (%)
(Kg/m3)
(%)
)(Kg/m )
1
1880
2
1900
3
1710
4
1970
5
1870
W (%)
5.8
7.7
9.6
11.5
13.5
c(Kg/m )
1900
1990
2030
1950
1870
W (%)
5.4
7.2
9.1
11.6
14.3
c(Kg/m3)
1870
1960
2010
1930
1850
W (%)
4.3
6.0
8.4
10.5
12.4
c(Kg/m )
1870
1910
2070
1990
1910
W (%)
2.4
4.4
6.8
8.4
10.3
c(Kg/m3)
1870
1950
2030
1970
1890
W (%)
4.3
6.5
8.3
10.4
12.5
60
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1890
3.3
1980
5.7
2060
7.2
1970
9.5
70
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1890
4.5
1950
6.7
2020
8.9
1960
10.3
10
20
30
40
50
3
3
3
River Sand
Content
Test No
10
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
20
30
40
50
60
70
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration
penetration
524
914
497
870
551
909
538
1001
678
940
660
886
724
1029
704
1108
826
1235
811
1198
735
1204
780
1226
591
906
610
1008
1970
9.2
2030
9.1
2010
8.4
2100
7.2
2030
8.3
1900
11.2
2100
7.6
1780
12.5
2020
8.9
Soaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
85.5
81.1
89.9
87.8
110.7
107.7
118.2
114.9
134.8
132.4
120
127.3
96.5
99.6
99.5
94.7
98.9
108.9
102.3
96.4
112
120.6
134.4
130.4
131
133.4
98.6
110
CBR
Adopted (%)
97
104
109
116
132
132
110
294
Appendix D30: COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and River Sand Stabilization – Sample No 4
H.B.S Compaction 4.5Kg – 5 layers - 61 blows
River Sand
Parameters
Test No
MDD
OMC
Content (%)
(Kg/m3)
(%)
)(Kg/m )
1
1980
2
2040
3
1980
4
1940
5
1900
W (%)
6.0
8.9
10.4
12.2
14.4
c(Kg/m )
1890
1990
2040
1950
1880
W (%)
5.5
7.1
8.9
11.1
13.6
c(Kg/m3)
1910
2000
2080
2060
1920
W (%)
2.9
4.4
6.7
8.2
10.4
c(Kg/m )
1880
1890
2040
1930
1790
W (%)
3.5
5.7
7.7
9.6
11.5
c(Kg/m3)
1840
1930
2010
1930
1850
W (%)
5.5
7.7
9.4
11.5
13.2
60
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1960
2.5
1980
6.3
2000
8.3
1930
10.4
70
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1880
2.5
1970
4.5
2050
6.5
1970
83
10
20
30
40
50
3
3
3
River Sand
Content
Test No
10
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
20
30
40
50
60
70
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration
penetration
529
908
506
824
530
918
512
904
652
1024
590
998
718
1086
725
1101
820
1256
801
1211
728
1187
755
1196
601
963
680
1125
1890
10.4
2040
8.4
2040
8.9
2080
6.7
2040
6.7
2010
9.4
2000
8.3
2050
6.5
Soaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
86.4
82.6
86.5
83.6
106
96.3
117.2
118.3
133.9
130.8
118.8
123.2
98.1
111.5
98.8
89.6
99.9
98.4
111.4
108.6
118.2
120
136.7
131.8
129.2
130.2
105
122.4
CBR
Adopted (%)
94
99
110
119
134
130
114
295
Appendix D31: COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and Cement Stabilization – Sample No 2
BS Compaction 2.5Kg – 3 layers - 61 blows
Cement
Parameters
Test No
MDD
OMC
Content (%)
(Kg/m3)
(%)
2
4
6
8
10
12
)(Kg/m )
2
1850
3
1900
4
1810
W (%)
3
8.2
10.4
12.6
3
c(Kg/m )
1840
1940
186
W (%)
10.2
12.3
14.6
c(Kg/m3)
1820
1950
1830
W (%)
11.6
13.1
15.6
3
c(Kg/m )
1890
1960
1880
W (%)
12.5
14.0
16.3
c(Kg/m3)
1950
1980
1820
W (%)
13.3
15.2
17.2
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1970
13.3
2000
15.8
1900
17.6
Cement
Content(%)
Test No
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
1
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration
penetration
1014
1189
1306
1340
1590
1680
5
1900
10.2
1940
12.3
1950
13.1
1960
14.0
1980
15.2
2000
8.3
Soaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
165.5
194.1
213.2
218.7
260
274
1714
279.8
2106
343.8
3980
635
CBR
Adopted (%)
194
216
274
280
344
635
296
Appendix D32: COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and Cement Stabilization – Sample No 4
BS Compaction 2.5Kg – 3 layers - 25 blows
Cement
Parameters
Test No
MDD
OMC
Content (%)
(Kg/m3)
(%)
2
4
6
8
10
12
)(Kg/m )
2
1870
3
1880
4
1820
W (%)
6.6
8.6
10.8
c(Kg/m )
1860
1910
1800
W (%)
8.5
10
12.4
c(Kg/m3)
1840
1910
1800
W (%)
8.2
10.1
12.6
c(Kg/m )
1870
1950
1850
W (%)
8.4
10.3
12.8
c(Kg/m3)
1870
1940
1860
W (%)
9.5
11.6
13.4
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1910
10.4
1960
12.0
1870
14.8
3
3
3
Cement
Content(%)
Test No
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
1
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration
penetration
984
1910
1014
1314
1296
1494
1588
1840
1884
1876
1979
3864
-
5
1880
7.8
1910
10
1910
10.1
1950
10.3
1940
11.6
1960
12.0
Soaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
160.6
165.5
214.5
211.6
243.9
259.2
300.4
304.5
306.2
323
630.7
207.9
-
CBR
Adopted (%)
208
213
259
304
323
631
297
Appendix D33: COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and Cement Stabilization – Sample No 2
WAS Compaction 4.5Kg – 5 layers - 25 blows
Cement
Parameters
Test No
MDD
OMC
Content (%)
(Kg/m3)
(%)
2
4
6
8
10
12
)(Kg/m )
2
1900
3
1980
4
1900
W (%)
7.5
9.0
11.8
c(Kg/m )
1870
2020
1910
W (%)
7.1
9.4
11.1
c(Kg/m3)
1960
2050
1970
W (%)
7.5
9.6
11.5
c(Kg/m )
1940
2060
1940
W (%)
8.3
10.2
12.3
c(Kg/m3)
1910
2050
1890
W (%)
9.8
11.6
13.2
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1910
11.6
2040
13.4
1940
15.8
3
3
3
Cement
Content(%)
Test No
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
4
6
8
10
12
1
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration
penetration
1216
1984
1241
2016
1614
1570
2136
1981
2004
1764
1965
1987
2016
3494
-
5
1980
9.0
2020
9.4
2050
9.6
2060
10.2
2050
11.6
2040
13.4
Soaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
198.5
202.7
263.5
256.3
323.4
327.1
287.9
320.6
324.3
329.1
570
-
215.9
219.4
-
CBR
Adopted (%)
218
264
325
304
327
570
298
Appendix D34: COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and Cement Stabilization – Sample No 4
WAS Compaction 4.5Kg – 5 layers - 25 blows
Test No
Cement
Parameters
MDD
OMC
3
Content (%)
(Kg/m )
(%)
)(Kg/m )
2
1840
3
1890
4
1920
W (%)
8.4
10.9
12.9
c(Kg/m3)
1870
1900
1800
W (%)
8.4
10.2
12.6
c(Kg/m3)
1780
1910
1810
W (%)
7.6
9.8
11.8
c(Kg/m )
1850
1930
1850
W (%)
7.4
9.2
11.3
c(Kg/m3)
1940
1960
1910
W (%)
6.3
8.6
10.4
12
c(Kg/m3)
W (%)
1920
6.3
1970
8.4
1890
10.6
Cement
Content(%)
Test No
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
4
6
8
10
4
6
8
10
12
3
3
1
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration penetration
1104
1819
1018
2018
1568
1994
1491
2014
1810
1798
2086
1940
2141
2996
-
5
1980
10.6
1900
10.2
1910
9.8
1930
9.3
1960
8.6
1970
8.4
Soaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
180.2
166.2
255.9
243.3
295.5
293.5
341
316.7
349.5
492
489
198
219.6
216.9
219.2
-
CBR
Adopted
(%)
220
256
295
341
350
491
299
Cement
Content (%)
2
4
6
8
10
Appendix D 35 : COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and Cement Stabilization Unsoaked– Sample No 2
BS Compaction 2.5Kg – 3 layers - 61 blows
Appendix D31
Test No
Parameters
MDD
OMC
3
(Kg/m )
(%)
)(Kg/m )
2
1850
3
1900
4
1810
W (%)
8.2
10.4
12.6
c(Kg/m3)
1840
1940
186
W (%)
10.2
12.3
14.6
c(Kg/m3)
1820
1950
1830
W (%)
11.6
13.1
15.6
3
c(Kg/m )
1890
1960
1880
W (%)
12.5
14.0
16.3
c(Kg/m3)
1950
1980
1820
W (%)
13.3
15.2
17.2
3
Cement
Content(%)
Test No
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
4
6
8
10
1
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration
penetration
335
435
341
451
500
688
283
691
571
879
568
877
666
1028
675
998
830
1285
848
1290
5
1900
10.2
1940
12.3
1950
13.1
1960
14.0
1980
15.2
Unsoaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
24.6
25.1
36.8
20.8
42.0
41.8
49.0
49.6
61.0
62.4
21.3
22.1
33.7
33.9
43.1
43.0
50.4
48.9
62.9
63.2
Unsoaked
CBR
Adopted (%)
25
34
43
50
63
300
Appendix 36 :COMPARATIVE COMPACTION AND CBR TESTS
Mbo Residual Soil and Cement Stabilization Unsoaked– Sample No 4
BS Compaction 2.5Kg – 3 layers - 61 blows Appendix D32
Cement
Parameters
Test No
MDD
Content (%)
(Kg/m3)
2
4
6
8
10
)(Kg/m )
2
1870
3
1880
4
1820
W (%)
6.6
8.6
10.8
c(Kg/m )
1860
1910
1800
W (%)
8.5
10
12.4
c(Kg/m3)
1840
1910
1800
W (%)
8.2
10.1
12.6
c(Kg/m )
1870
1950
1850
W (%)
8.4
10.3
12.8
c(Kg/m3)
1870
1940
1860
W (%)
9.5
11.6
13.4
3
3
3
Cement
Content(%)
Test No
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
4
6
8
10
1
Load on Plunger(kg)
2.5mm
5.0mm
penetration
penetration
313
467
320
477
521
722
502
759
756
885
782
886
859
1243
813
1259
928
1270
874
1285
5
1880
7.8
1910
10
1910
10.1
1950
10.3
1940
11.6
Unsoaked CBR %
2.5mm
5.0mm
23.0
23.6
38.3
36.9
55.6
57.5
63.2
59.8
68.2
64.3
OMC
(%)
22.9
23.4
35.4
37.2
43.4
43.4
60.9
61.7
62.3
62.9
Unsoaked
CBR
Adopted (%)
23
36
57
62
66
301
Appendix D37: Unconfined Compressive Strength Experiments
Mbo Residual soil and Cement – Sand Composite – Sample No.1
Cement
content
(%)
Sand
Content
(%)
10
20
2
30
40
50
60
4
10
20
30
40
50
60
6
10
20
30
40
50
60
8
10
Age
(day
s)
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Test
No
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
Max dial
reading
145
133
155
145
201
199
205
211
180
185
112
100
185
200
255
230
260
268
288
285
295
300
305
310
295
299
351
344
365
371
380
385
420
422
440
445
460
Machine
factor
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
Total
load(kN)
.32190
.29526
.34410
.32190
.44622
.44178
.45510
.46842
.39960
.41070
.22644
.22200
.41070
.44400
.44950
.51020
.57720
.59496
.63936
.6320
.68490
.66600
.67710
.68820
.65490
.66378
.77922
.76368
.81030
.82362
.84360
.85470
.93240
.96284
.97680
.98790
1.02120
Area of
Plunger
(m2)
Comp. Strength
-3
2
3.852 10 m
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.85210-3m2
3.85210-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
KPa
83.6
76.6
89.3
83.6
115.8
114.7
118.1
121.6
103.7
106.4
58.8
57.6
106.6
115.3
116.7
132.6
149.8
154.5
166.0
164.3
177.8
172.9
175.8
178.7
170.3
172.3
202.3
198.3
210.4
213.8
219.0
221.9
242.1
243.2
253.6
256.5
265.1
Aver
80
86
115
120
105
58
111
125
152
165
175
177
171
200
212
220
243
255
267
302
20
30
40
50
60
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
465
480
490
500
510
520
518
536
540
555
560
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
1.03230
1.06560
1.08780
1.11000
1.13280
1.15440
1.14996
1.18992
1.19880
1.23210
1.24320
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
268.0
276.6
282.4
288.2
293.9
299.7
298.5
308.9
311.2
319.9
322.7
280
291
299
310
321
Appendix D38: Unconfined Compressive Strength Experiment
Mbo Residual soil and Cement – Sand Composite – Sample No.4
Cement
content
(%)
Sand
Content
(%)
10
20
2
30
40
50
60
10
4
20
30
40
50
Age
(day
s)
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Test
No
Max dial
reading
Machine
factor
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
140
139
158
146
203
204
216
215
185
195
104
105
202
204
239
235
266
270
289
285
289
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
Total
load(Kn)
.31080
.30858
.35076
.32412
.45066
.45288
.47952
.47730
.41070
.43290
.23088
.23310
.44844
.45288
.53058
.52170
.59052
.59940
.64158
.63270
.64158
Area of
Plunger
(m2)
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
Comp. Strength
kPa.
Aver
80.6
80.1
91.1
84.1
117.0
117.6
124.5
123.9
106.6
112.4
59.9
60.5
116.4
117.6
137.7
135.4
153.3
155.6
166.6
164.3
166.6
80
88
117
124
110
60
117
137
154
165
169
303
60
6
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
8
20
30
40
50
60
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
299
310
312
210
229
286
285
290
298
305
311
398
326
401
418
450
458
486
495
518
521
551
556
558
585
610
622
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
.66378
.68820
.69264
.46620
.50838
.63492
.63270
.64380
.66156
.67710
.69042
.88356
.72372
.89022
.92796
.99900
1.01676
1.07892
1.09890
1.14996
1.15662
1.22322
1.23432
1.30536
1.29870
1.35420
1.38084
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
172.3
178.7
179.8
121.0
132.0
164.8
164.2
167.1
171.7
175.8
179.2
230.2
187.9
231.1
240.9
259.3
264.00
281.1
285.3
298.5
300.3
317.6
320.4
338.9
337.1
351.6
358.55
179
127
164
169
178
209
236
262
283
299
319
338
355
304
Appendix D39: Unconfined Compressive Strength Experiments
Mbo Residual soil and Cement–Sand Composite–Sample No.1
Cement
content
(%)
2
4
6
8
Sand
Conten
t (%)
Age
(days
)
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
10
28
10
28
Test
No
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Max dial
reading
250
241
280
268
305
310
325
320
320
315
285
280
300
325
359
350
366
360
396
401
450
455
485
502
380
385
400
425
485
500
520
528
544
541
596
580
620
630
Machine
factor
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
Total
load(kN)
.5550
.53502
.6216
.59496
.6771
.6882
.7215
.7104
.7104
.6993
.6327
.6216
.6660
.7215
.79698
.7770
.81252
.7992
.87912
.89022
.9990
1.0101
1.067
1.14444
8.436
8.547
8.880
9.435
1.0767
1.1100
1.1544
1.17216
1.20768
1.20102
1.32312
1.1876
1.3764
1.3986
Area of
Plunger
(m2)
Comp. Strength
-3
2
3.852 10 m
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
KPa
144.1
139.0
161.4
154.4
175.7
178.8
187.3
184.4
184.4
181.5
164.2
161.4
172.9
187.3
206.9
201.7
210.8
207.5
228.2
231.1
259.3
262.3
299.5
289.3
219.0
221.9
230.5
244.9
279.5
288.2
299.7
304.3
313.5
311.8
343.5
334.3
357.3
363.1
Aver
144.2
158
178
186
183
163
180
204
209
230
261
285
221
238
284
302
313
339
360
305
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
650
640
666
670
690
685
702
700
712
710
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
1.4430
1.4208
1.48296
1.4874
1.5318
1.5207
1.55844
1.5540
1.58064
1.5762
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
374.6
368.8
385.0
386.1
397.7
394.8
404.6
403.4
410.3
409.2
372
386
396
404
410
Appendix D40: Unconfined Compressive Strength Experiments
Mbo Residual soil and Cement – Sand Composite– Sample No. 4
Cement
content
(%)
2
4
Sand
Content
(%)
Age
(day
s)
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
10
28
Test
No
Max dial
reading
Machine
factor
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
258
268
280
285
290
298
315
300
295
295
255
250
345
330
350
348
368
360
380
389
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
Total
load(kN)
.57276
.59496
.6216
.6327
.6438
.66156
.6993
.6660
.6549
.6549
.5661
.5550
.7659
.7326
.7770
.77256
.7992
.81696
.8436
.86358
Area of
Plunger
(m2)
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
Comp.Strength
kPa
Aver.
148.7
154.5
161.4
164.3
167.1
171.7
181.5
172.9
170.0
170.0
147.0
144
198.88
190.2
201.7
200.6
207.5
212.1
219.0
224.2
152
163
169
177
170
146
195
201
210
222
306
6
8
50
28
60
28
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
10
28
20
28
30
28
40
28
50
28
60
28
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
403
402
425
422
400
410
450
458
470
466
480
485
510
500
575
580
605
610
625
620
635
634
650
662
702
710
722
730
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
.89466
.89244
.9435
.93684
.8880
.9102
.9990
1.01676
1.0434
1.03452
1.0656
1.0767
1.1322
1.1100
1.2765
1.2875
1.3431
1.3542
1.3875
1.3764
1.4097
1.40748
1.443
1.46964
1.55844
1.57620
1.60284
1.62060
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
3.852 10-3m2
232.3
231.7
244.9
243.2
230.5
236.3
259.3
264.0
270.9
268.6
276.6
279.5
293.9
288.2
331.4
334.3
348.7
351.6
360.2
357.2
366.0
365.4
374.6
381.5
404.6
409.2
416.1
420.7
232
244
233
262
270
278
291
333
350
359
366
378
407
418
307
7
@
!
!
9!
/!2
!
!
/+ % !!
' !
+
'
-BGCD.
5 +2
!
9
'
->((*.
+
2
'
/
+W
,
'
!
- VB.3
" "
4B 4> 9 9 9 9 9 9
" !
!
-4B 4> 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 + . "
+;
4
!
4;
/!
/
+;
+
/+
-b 4 . W b( V bB4B V b>4> V 9 9 9 9 9 V b 4
' -!
9B
9!
.
!!
9B "
'
y
xri
yr
x1i
x3i
yi
x2i
x
9B
'
/
/
! +
!+ \
/
!
!"
'
'
C
!+
%/
+ "
7
,
'!
'
'
308
+ W E -b . 3 -4 .F
9>
" ' ' ! /
!
!+
!
,
/
,
"
'
'
' !
'
b( b b> 9 9 9 b "
'
' \ + / ! ' !!+
J
n
a E+ 3 -b( V bB4B V b>4> 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 V b 4 .F>
i=1
,
'
!!
/!
,
'
!
4B 4> 4)
!
9)
! ,
4*
'
+ W
-b 4 .
/
J
a+W b Vb a4 Vb a4 Vb a4 Vb a4
9*
a4 +W b a4 Vb a4 YVb a4 4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 4
9D
a4 +W b a4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 YVb a4 4 Vb a4>4
9C
a4 +W b a4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4)Y Vb a4 4
9A
a4 +W b a4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 4 Vb a4 Y
9@
<+
!
'
'
,
9* 3
-b 3 b .
!
9@
4
!+
!
4
/
'
9!
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz