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Rajput et al
Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (1): 362-367 (2017)
ISSN: 2320 – 7051
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2472
ISSN: 2320 – 7051
Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (1): 362-367 (2017)
Research Article
Physiological Parameters Leaf Area Index, Crop Growth Rate, Relative
Growth Rate and Net Assimilation Rate of Different Varieties of Rice
Grown Under Different Planting Geometries and Depths in SRI
Archana Rajput1*, Sujit Singh Rajput2 and Girish Jha1
1
Department of Agronomy, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur (M.P.)
Department of Food technology, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur (M.P.)
2
*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 12.01.2017 | Revised: 23.01.2017 | Accepted: 24.01.2017
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted during the kharif seasons of 2010 and 2011 at Krishi Nagar farm,
Adhartal Department of Agronomy, JNKVV Jabalpur to study the physiological and yield
responses of improved varieties of rice grown under different planting geometries and depths of
planting in system of rice keeping in to maximize the production efficiency and monetary
advantage in rice by adopting suitable planting geometry, varieties and depth of planting. The
result revealed that the 30 cm × 30 cm planting geometry had superiority in NAR were
significantly influenced by plant geometry. But the 20 cm × 20 cm planting geometry had
superiority in various parameters viz; leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate
were significantly in plant geometry.
Rice variety MR-219 with shallow
depth of planting (2.5 cm) was markedly superior in growth parameters viz., LAI, CGR, RGR and
NAR under edaphic and climatic conditions.
Key words: Varieties, LAI, CGR, NAR, planting geometry, depth of planting and Rice
INTRODUCTION
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important
cereal food crop of the developing world and
the staple food of more than 3 billion people or
more than half of the world’s population. One
fifth of the world’s population more than a
billion people depend on rice cultivation for
their livelihoods. Among the different
agronomic practices, planting geometry and
depth of planting play a vital role in achieving
higher yield levels of improved varieties of
rice. It is because the proper distributions of
crop plant per unit area and efficient utilization
of available nutrient and other resources as
well as environment. Therefore present
experiment was conducts for physiological
parameters studies in the optimum planting
geometries, improved varieties under depths of
planting for getting maximum yield of rice.
Cite this article: Rajput, A., Rajput, S.S. and Jha, G., Physiological Parameters Leaf Area Index, Crop
Growth Rate, Relative Growth Rate and Net Assimilation Rate of Different Varieties of Rice Grown Under
Different Planting Geometries and Depths in SRI, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5(1): 362-367 (2017). doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2472
Copyright © February, 2017; IJPAB
362
Rajput et al
Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (1): 362-367 (2017)
The functional leaves, dry matter production
and leaf area index are the main growth factor
which may directly reflect to grain yield.
Growth analysis parameters like crop growth
rate (CGR) are product of LAI. Relative
growth rate (RGR) measures the increase in
dry matter with a given amount of assimilatory
material at a given point of time and net
assimilation rate (NAR) is the net gain in total
dry matter per unit leaf area per unit time. It
was against this background that the field
investigation was carried out to study the
system of rice intensification practices on
physiological growth analysis of rice.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The experiment comprises on 18 treatment
combinations was conducted at research farm
of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya,
Jabalpur during kharif season of 2010 and
2011 under edaphic and climatic conditions of
Jabalpur (M.P.). The climate of this locality is
sub-tropical with cool winter and hot summers
and mean annual rainfall of Jabalpur is 1350
mm. Jabalpur belongs to “Kymore plateau and
Satpura Hills” agro-climatic zone as per norms
of National Agricultural Research Programme.
As per recent concept, developed by National
Bureau of Soil Science and Land Use
Planning, Nagpur, this area belongs to agroecological sub region No. 10.1 named as sub
humid (dry) eco-region (Malwa plateau,
Vindhyan Scrap Land and Narmada valley).
The maximum temperature rises to the
extreme of 45 0C and minimum temperature
falls as low as to the limit of 4 0C. The three
different planting geometries i.e., 20 x 20 cm2,
25 x 25 cm2 and 30 x 30 cm2 between hills and
rows were kept for growing the crop and to
identify their effect on grain yield parameters.
Three varieties of rice (MR-219, WGL-32100
and PS-3) and two depths of planting are
shallow (2.5 cm) and normal (5.0 cm). The
layout of the trial was split-split plot design
with three replications having planting
geometry as main plots, varieties as sub plot
treatments and depths of planting shallow and
normal as sub-sub plot treatments. The area of
each plot was 3 x 7 m2. Seedlings were
Copyright © February, 2017; IJPAB
ISSN: 2320 – 7051
transplanted with an average of one seedling
per hill in the SRI method of planting.
Application of 10 t FYM/ha was given
uniformly to all the plots before final puddling
and leveling. Fertilizer with a uniform dose of
120: 60: 40 kg per hectare N, P and K through
urea, DAP and MOP was applied in all the
plots. Half dose of nitrogen and full dose
phosphorus and potassium were applied as
basal application just before transplanting. The
remaining half dose of nitrogen was applied in
two split doses at tillering and panicle
initiation stages. Plant observation such as
functional leaves/hill, number of tillers/m2, dry
weight of plant/hill, LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR
were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 DAT and at
harvest. To calculate LAI (Leaf area index)
CGR (Crop growth rate), RGR (Relative
growth rate) and NAR (Net assimilation rate)
following formula were used:
Where, P = Ground area, W1 = Dry weight of
plant/m2 recorded at time t1, W2 = Dry weight
of plant/m2 recorded at time t2, t1 and t2 were
the interval of time, respectively and it is
expressed in g/m2/day.
Where, In = Natural log, W1 = Dry weight of
plant/m2 recorded at time t1, W2 = Dry weight
of plant/m2 recorded at time t2, t1 and t2 were
the interval of time, respectively and is
expressed as g/g/day
(NAR): It is increase in dry wt. of plant per
unit leaf area per unit time. NAR is calculated
from the following equation:-
Where L1 and L2 are total leaf are at time t1
and t2 respectively. W1 and W2 are total dry
wt. time t1 and t2 respectively.
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Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (1): 362-367 (2017)
increase in plant geometry at maximum
tillering and complete bearing stage (all
the growth stages) was recorded at 30 × 30
cm as compared to 20 × 20 cm and 25 ×
25 cm. The differences in LAI, CGR, RGR
and NAR under three varieties of rice at
the early stage of 30 DAT were not well
marked. The LAI is the photosynthetic
area of the plant. It increased orderly up to
growth stage, and then declined slowly up
to harvest under subtropical climatic
condition.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Effect on growth analysis
LAI, CGR and RGR, was significantly
higher at closer plant geometry of 20 × 20
cm in compared to
the wider plant
geometry of 25 × 25 cm and 30 × 30 cm
recorded at maximum tillering and
complete heading stage of the crop (Tables
1,2, 3&4). The higher LAI in closer plant
geometry might be due to more number of
leaves produced per unit area. The
significantly reduction of NAR with
Table 1. Effect of planting geometries, varieties and depth of planting on leaf area index at different
intervals in rice
Leaf area index (LAI)
Treatments
30 DAT
60 DAT
90 DAT
At harvest
2010
2011
Mean
2010
2011
Mean
2010
2011
Mean
2010
2011
Mean
S1 - 20 cm x 20 cm
4.38
5.07
4.72
6.25
6.93
6.59
7.91
8.68
8.29
7.25
7.56
7.40
S2 - 25 cm x 25 cm
2.92
3.46
3.19
4.61
4.98
4.80
6.76
7.09
6.92
5.25
5.46
5.35
S3 - 30 cm x 30 cm
2.14
2.69
2.41
3.39
3.72
3.56
5.53
5.76
5.64
3.83
3.98
3.91
SEm ±
0.08
0.03
0.04
0.10
0.20
0.08
0.28
0.10
0.17
0.03
0.09
0.06
CD. at 5%
0.30
0.13
0.17
0.38
0.79
0.32
1.11
0.41
0.65
0.13
0.36
0.22
V1 - MR-219
3.37
3.80
3.59
4.87
5.56
5.21
7.21
7.81
7.51
5.57
5.77
5.67
V2 - WGL-32100
3.02
3.56
3.29
4.66
5.14
4.90
6.64
6.98
6.81
5.35
5.58
5.47
V3 - PS-3
3.05
3.86
3.45
4.72
4.94
4.83
6.36
6.73
6.54
5.42
5.65
5.53
SEm ±
0.06
0.08
0.05
0.15
0.18
0.14
0.19
0.15
0.14
0.11
0.13
0.10
CD. at 5%
0.18
0.23
0.15
NS
NS
NS
0.57
0.46
0.44
NS
NS
NS
3.22
3.87
3.54
4.89
5.53
5.21
6.93
7.41
7.17
5.59
5.82
5.70
3.07
3.61
3.34
4.61
4.90
4.75
6.54
6.94
6.74
5.30
5.51
5.41
SEm ±
0.04
0.07
0.04
0.09
0.11
0.07
0.12
0.14
0.11
0.07
0.07
0.05
CD. at 5%
0.11
0.21
0.11
0.26
0.33
0.21
0.35
0.41
0.33
0.21
0.20
0.16
Planting geometry
Variety
Depth of planting
D1 - Shallow Depth
(2.5 cm)
D2 - Normal Depth
(5 cm)
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ISSN: 2320 – 7051
Table 2. Effect of planting geometries, varieties and depth of planting on crop growth rate (g/m2/day) at
different intervals in rice
Crop growth rate (CGR g/m2/day)
0-30 DAT
30-60 DAT
60-90 DAT
90-At harvest
Treatments
Planting geometry
S1 - 20 cm x 20 cm
S2 - 25 cm x 25 cm
S3 - 30 cm x 30 cm
SEm ±
CD. at 5%
Variety
V1 - MR-219
V2 - WGL-32100
V3 - PS-3
SEm ±
CD. at 5%
Depth of planting
D1 - Shallow Depth (2.5 cm)
D2 - Normal Depth (5 cm)
SEm ±
CD. at 5%
2010 2011 Mean
2010
2011
Mean
2010
2011
Mean
2010
2011
Mean
3.96
2.97
1.72
0.11
0.44
5.23
3.79
2.18
0.10
0.41
4.60
3.38
1.95
0.10
0.38
13.51 14.23 13.87 50.88 49.77 50.32 17.47 19.46 18.46
11.00 11.48 11.24 36.11 35.94 36.02 13.98 15.27 14.62
9.09 9.34 9.22 20.07 20.11 20.09 10.81 11.52 11.16
0.68 0.69 0.48 1.04 0.64 0.84 0.62 0.66 0.47
2.67 2.73 1.87 4.10 2.51 3.32 2.44 2.61 1.84
3.37
2.66
2.61
0.06
0.18
4.23
3.52
3.45
0.05
0.16
3.80
3.09
3.03
0.07
0.20
11.99 12.51 12.25 34.93 36.83 35.88 15.37 16.74 16.06
9.42 9.86 9.64 35.74 36.36 36.05 12.08 13.37 12.73
12.20 12.68 12.44 36.39 32.62 34.50 14.81 16.13 15.47
0.30 0.30 0.39 0.96 1.09 0.52 0.28 0.29 0.35
0.92 0.91 1.19
NS
3.34 1.39 0.86 0.89 1.09
3.10
2.66
0.11
0.31
3.96
3.50
0.10
0.29
3.53
3.08
0.09
0.28
12.04 12.54 12.29 36.88 36.08 36.48 15.14 16.50 15.82
10.36 10.83 10.60 34.50 34.46 34.48 13.03 14.33 13.68
0.34 0.34 0.33 1.34 1.27 1.08 0.31 0.31 0.30
1.02 1.00 0.99
NS
NS
NS
0.93 0.93 0.88
Table 3. Effect of planting geometries, varieties and depth of planting on relative growth rate (g/g/day) at
different interval in rice
Relative growth rate (RGR g/g/day)
Treatments
0-30 DAT
2010
2011
30-60 DAT
Mean
2010
2011
60-90 DAT
Mean
2010
2011
90-At harvest
Mean
2010
2011
Mean
Planting geometry
S1 - 20 cm x 20 cm
0.0687 0.0730 0.0708 0.0218 0.0191 0.0204 0.0198 0.0184 0.0191 0.0033 0.0036 0.0035
S2 - 25 cm x 25 cm
0.0647 0.0684 0.0666 0.0225 0.0202 0.0213 0.0185 0.0176 0.0181 0.0036 0.0038 0.0037
S3 - 30 cm x 30 cm
0.0568 0.0604 0.0586 0.0266 0.0240 0.0253 0.0154 0.0148 0.0151 0.0043 0.0045 0.0044
SEm ±
0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0008 0.0006 0.0007 0.0006 0.0004 0.0005 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
CD. at 5%
0.0016 0.0012 0.0014 0.0033 0.0024 0.0028 0.0022 0.0017 0.0020 0.0005 0.0004 0.0005
Variety
V1 - MR-219
0.0658 0.0691 0.0674 0.0227 0.0206 0.0217 0.0167 0.0163 0.0165 0.0040 0.0041 0.0041
V2 - WGL-32100
0.0626 0.0666 0.0646 0.0223 0.0197 0.0210 0.0196 0.0187 0.0192 0.0033 0.0035 0.0034
V3 - PS-3
0.0619 0.0660 0.0640 0.0259 0.0230 0.0244 0.0174 0.0157 0.0165 0.0039 0.0043 0.0041
SEm ±
0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
CD. at 5%
0.0010 0.0007 0.0008 0.0015 0.0011 0.0013 0.0008 0.0011 0.0008 0.0002 0.0003 0.0002
Depth of planting
D1 - Shallow Depth (2.5 cm) 0.0643 0.0680 0.0661 0.0238 0.0214 0.0226 0.0174 0.0164 0.0169 0.0039 0.0041 0.0040
D2 - Normal Depth (5 cm)
0.0626 0.0665 0.0645 0.0234 0.0208 0.0221 0.0184 0.0175 0.0179 0.0036 0.0038 0.0037
SEm ±
0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0006 0.0005 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
CD. at 5%
0.0015 0.0011 0.0013
Copyright © February, 2017; IJPAB
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
365
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Rajput et al
Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (1): 362-367 (2017)
ISSN: 2320 – 7051
Table 4. Effect of planting geometries, varieties and depth of planting on net assimilation rate (g/m 2/day)
at different intervals in rice
Net assimilation rate (NAR g/m2/day)
Treatments
0-30 DAT
2010
2011
30-60 DAT
Mean
2010
2011
60-90 DAT
Mean
2010
2011
90-At harvest
Mean
2010
2011
Mean
Planting geometry
S1 - 20 cm x 20 cm
0.0108 0.0137 0.0122 0.0113 0.0107 0.0110 0.0318 0.0287 0.0302 0.0101 0.0105 0.0103
S2 - 25 cm x 25 cm
0.0128 0.0146 0.0137 0.0130 0.0123 0.0126 0.0294 0.0281 0.0287 0.0106 0.0110 0.0108
S3 - 30 cm x 30 cm
0.0128 0.0139 0.0134 0.0179 0.0156 0.0167 0.0258 0.0237 0.0247 0.0130 0.0132 0.0131
SEm ±
0.0004 0.0005 0.0004 0.0010 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0013 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008
CD. at 5%
NS
NS
NS
0.0040 0.0027 0.0033 0.0031
NS
0.0037
NS
NS
NS
Variety
V1 - MR-219
0.0136 0.0155 0.0146 0.0147 0.0135 0.0141 0.0268 0.0257 0.0262 0.0118 0.0120 0.0119
V2 - WGL-32100
0.0116 0.0140 0.0128 0.0120 0.0113 0.0117 0.0297 0.0286 0.0292 0.0096 0.0101 0.0098
V3 - PS-3
0.0112 0.0128 0.0120 0.0154 0.0137 0.0146 0.0304 0.0262 0.0283 0.0123 0.0127 0.0125
SEm ±
0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0005 0.0004 0.0010 0.0016 0.0010 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
CD. at 5%
0.0013 0.0013 0.0011 0.0012 0.0016 0.0011 0.0029
Depth of planting
D1 - Shallow Depth
(2.5 cm)
D2 - Normal Depth
(5 cm)
SEm ±
CD. at 5%
NS
NS
0.0016 0.0015 0.0016
0.0125 0.0144 0.0135 0.0148 0.0131 0.0140 0.0285 0.0256 0.0271 0.0117 0.0120 0.0118
0.0118 0.0137 0.0127 0.0133 0.0125 0.0129 0.0295 0.0280 0.0287 0.0108 0.0112 0.0110
0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0006 0.0004 0.0020 0.0018 0.0018 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004
NS
NS
NS
0.0011
CONCLUSION
Result revealed that the growth analysis,
viz., LAI, CGR, RGR, and NAR were
superior at 30 cm × 30 cm planting
geometry as compared to other planting
geometries. However, during 60-90 DAT
growth stage, closer spacing recorded
more NAR due to more number of tillers
per meter square and leaves per unit area
but all stages NAR increase with spacing
under sub-tropical climatic condition of
jabalpur.
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