Name_________________________________________________________________________________
BI 233 – Respiratory Function Worksheet
Turn in this worksheet at the end of lab (15 points)
1. Which muscles contract during….
a. Normal inhalation
b. Normal exhalation
c. Deep inhalation
d. Deep exhalation
Inhalation:
2. Describe the pressure and volume changes during pulmonary inhalation.
3. Which direction and why does O2 move during pulmonary inhalation?
4. Which direction and why does CO2 move during pulmonary inhalation?
Exhalation:
5. Describe the pressure and volume changes during pulmonary exhalation.
6. Which direction and why does O2 move during pulmonary exhalation?
7. Which direction and why does CO2 move during pulmonary exhalation?
8. Discuss the two forces that keep the lungs against the thoracic wall.
9. Conduct the following test on your lab partner. Use yarn and a yardstick to determine his or her chest
circumference by placing the yarn around the chest as high up under the armpits as possible. Record the
measurements in inches in the appropriate spaces below.
a.
Quiet breathing: inspiration
____________
expiration ______________
b.
Forced breathing: inspiration ____________
expiration ______________
c.
Do these results coincide with what you expected and why.
10. Obtain a stethoscope and clean the ear pieces with alcohol. Allow the alcohol to dry. Place the stethoscope
in the following areas. Describe what you hear below:
a.
Bronchial sounds:
b.
Vesicular sounds:
i. Intercostals spaces
ii. Triangle of auscultation
iii. Under the clavicle
11. Write the equations for
a.
VC =
b.
TLC =
c.
IRV =
d.
ERV =
e.
IC =
f.
EC =
g.
FRC =
12. Use a spirometer and measure or calculate the following:
a.
Respirations per minute:
b.
Tidal volume (TV)
Trial 1:__________ Trial 2_____________ Trial 3_____________ Average __________
c.
Respiratory minute volume:
d.
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Trial 1:__________ Trial 2_____________ Trial 3_____________ Average __________
e.
Vital capacity (VC)
Trial 1:__________ Trial 2_____________ Trial 3_____________ Average __________
f.
Using your measured averages calculate the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
IRV = VC – TV - ERV = _______________________________________________ml
g.
How does your computed value compare to the normal ranges (see graph in book)?
h.
Calculate your residual volume (RV) using the following information:
RV = VC X factor = _________________________________________________________
For ages 16-34
For ages 35-49
For ages 50-69
factor = 0.250
factor = 0.305
factor = 0.445
i.
Calculate your inspiratory capacity:
j.
Calculate your expiratory capacity:
k.
Calculate your functional residual capacity:
l.
Calculate your total lung capacity:
13. Define obstructive pulmonary disease and list three examples.
14. Define restrictive pulmonary disease and list three examples.
15. Explain the significance of FVC and FEV.
16. Explain when and where carbon dioxide is formed, how it travels through the body, and how it is eventually
expelled.
17. What is the chemical equation for the formation of bicarbonate and hydrogen ions from carbon dioxide and
water?
18. Discuss the relationship between carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate ions, hydrogen ions, and pH.
19. Discuss the relationship between blood carbon dioxide and pulmonary ventilation rate.
20. Under normal conditions:
a.
What happens to plasma pH, CO2 and O2 levels when you increase your ventilation rate?
b.
What happens to plasma pH, CO2 and O2 when you decrease your ventilation rate?
21. If your CO2 level drops, how does your body respond and why?
22. If your CO2 level increases, how does your body respond and why?
23. Draw a diagram showing the chloride shift.