Study Guide—Chemistry
Name ____________________________________ Period ____________
1. What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2. List 3 examples of matter and 3 non-examples of matter.
EXAMPLES
NON-EXAMPLES
1. _air_______________
1. ____time________________
2. _any gas__(ex. oxygen)
2. ____electricity____________
3. _any solid or liquid____
3. ____heat_______________
(ex., desk, water)
3. Look at the examples below. Circle the ones that are examples of a physical change.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
defrosting frozen vegetables in the microwave
baking cookies
adding 15mL of salt to 50mL of water
starting the engine of a car
making pancakes
4. What is the difference between dissolving sugar in water and making cookies with sugar in them?
Dissolving sugar in water is a physical change; it is still sugar and water, the sugar just spaces out between the water
molecules. Baking cookies is a chemical change. The cookies are a different substance than the batter.
5. What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest unit of matter. It is the smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element.
6. For each of the objects, list 5 physical properties you could identify for the following items.
a. milk
temperature, state of matter, color, volume, mass, density, transparency, viscosity
_____________________________________________________________________________
b. paper clip
state of matter, volume, mass, density, luster, color, shape, size
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. Complete the chart identifying the characteristics of the different states of matter.
Describe the shape and
How are the particles moving?
volume
Gas
No definite shape; No definite
Fast and away from each other
volume
Liquid
No definite shape; takes the
Slide and glide past each other
shape of the container. Definite
volume
Solid
8.
Definite shape; definite volume
Vibrate in place.
What moves in or out of matter as it changes state? Heat energy__________________________
9. Label the state of matter:
__solid_____
_gas____
___liquid___
10. What are 3 signs that a chemical change has occurred?
a.
Release of odor
not easily reversed
b.
Change of color
fizzing/creation of a new gas
c.
Release of heat or light energy
creation of a new solid
11. When you mix red Play Doh with blue Play Doh you can observe a color change, creating purple Play Doh. Is this a
physical or chemical change? Explain.
_This is a physical change because it is still just Play Doh. Even though it is a new color, a new substance was not created.
12. Identify each of the following as either a Chemical change (C) or a physical change (P).
1. ___P_____ making ice cubes
2. ___C_____ toasting bread
3. ___P_____ painting a wall
4. __ C______ burning a candle
5. ____P____ carving a pumpkin
6. _____P___ making chocolate milk
13. Label the diagram with the following terms: nucleus, electron, atom, proton, neutron. Identify the charge of the
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The Atom
Electron (negative charge)
Proton (positive charge)
Neutron (no charge)
Nucleus
14.
Identify the elements or their symbols:
1. ____C_____ Carbon
g. __Hydrogen________ H
2. ____O_____ Oxygen
h. __Nitrogen_______ N
3. ____P_____ Phosphorus
i. __Sulfur________ S
4. ____Ca____ Calcium
j. __Iron________ Fe
5. ____Cl____ Chlorine
k. __Potassium_____ K
6. ____Na____ Sodium
15. What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?
A compound is made of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined and has different properties than
the elements that make it up. A mixture is made of two or more substances that don’t chemically combine and
keep the properties of its components. ____________________________________________________
16. For number 16, write E if the description is an element, C if it is a compound, or M if it is a mixture.
___M_____ a. apple juice
___E______b. aluminum
___M_____ c. a bag of m&ms
___C_____ d. calcium chloride
___C_____ e. salt
___E_____ f. silver
___C_____ g. water
___M_____ h. hot cocoa
___C _____ i. nitrous oxide
For numbers 17-18, draw a model to represent the given chemical formula. Use the symbols that represent each element to
identify that element.
17.
# of molecules: __1____________
Element
Number
Hydrogen
1
Nitrogen
1
Oxygen
3
18.
# of molecules: __4____________
Element
Number
Sodium
1
Oxygen
1
Hydrogen
1
For numbers 19-20, write a chemical formula to represent the given model.
.
20.
19.
O
O
S
O
S
Ca
O
O
O
O
Cl
O
O
S
_____CaClO3______________________
___3SO2____________________________
For number 21, Write Ho if the mixture is homogeneous or He if it is heterogeneous.
___Ho_______a. iced tea
___He_______b. a bowl full of Halloween candy
___He_______c. water and sand
___Ho_______d. water and salt
___He_______e. salt and pepper
___Ho_______f. a solution
22. List and describe 3 ways to separate a mixture.
a. _evaporation/ add water and evaporate_______________________________
b. _filter___________________________________________________________
c. _physical separation of larger pieces__________________________________
d. _use a magnet to pull out magnetic substances__________________________
23. Define the following:
a. Boiling point: the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas______________________
b. Melting point_the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid __________________________
c. Freezing point the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid __________________________
24.
28
A. Atomic Number __28______
Ni
Nickel
B. Atomic Mass ___59______
C. # of Protons
___28______
D. # of Neutrons ___31______
58.693
E. # of Electrons ___28______
86
F. Atomic Number __86______
Rn
Radon
G. Atomic Mass ___222______
H. # of Protons
____86_____
I. # of Neutrons __136_______
222
73
Ta
Tantalum
180.948
J. # of Electrons ___86______
K. Atomic Number __73______
L. Atomic Mass ___181______
M. # of Protons
___73______
N. # of Neutrons ___108______
O. # of Electrons __73_______
25. Jenna wants to know if drinking Slim Fast will help her lose weight. She has a group of ten people
replace their breakfast and lunch with Slim Fast shakes and bars for 1 month. She has another group of
ten people eat as they normally would. She weighs all 20 people at the beginning and end of the month
and compares their weight.
a. What is the independent variable? __Slim Fast__________________
b. What is the dependent variable? __weight__________________
c. What is the control group? ____the group that eats as normal______
d.
Write a hypothesis: _If Slim Fast is consumed, then weight will decrease. __________________
______________________________________________________________________________
What is one example from the passage of chemical changes in nature?
The passage lists the process of breathing and lighting a fire with wood as
examples of chemical changes in nature.
Explain why the author says that chemistry is “a pretty powerful thing.”
Chemistry can produce powerful things like bombs or life-saving drugs. It is
powerful because it makes up the whole universe.