MFSc Program in
Fish Physiology &
Biochemistry - Syllabus
Central Institute of Fisheries Education
Mumbai
18/4/08
1
MFSc (Fish Physiology & Biochemistry) Program Structure and Major Courses
Course No
Titles
Credits
Core Courses
1.
FPB 501
2.
FPB 502
3.
4.
FPB 503
Physiology of Digestion, Growth and
Energetics
FPB-502 Reproductive Physiology and
Endocrinology
FPB-503 Fish Biochemistry
2+1
2+1
FPB 504
FPB -504 Metabolism of Biomolecules
2+1
2+1
Optional Courses
1.
FPB 505
FPB 506
Cardiovascular system and Respiratory
Physiology
Immunophysiology
2.
1+1
3.
FPB 507
Cellular and Molecular physiology
2+1
4.
FPB 508
Sensory Physiology
1+1
5.
FPB 509
Physiology of Fish Behaviour
1+1
6.
FPB 510
1+1
7.
FPB 511
8.
FPB 512
Pharmaco-Physiology of Aquaculture
Drugs
Physiology of Excretion and
Osmoregulation.
Ecophysiology of Fishes
9.
FPB 513
10. FPB 514
11. FPB 515
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Experimental Techniques in
Biochemistry
Biochemistry of Enzymes, Vitamins,
Minerals and Hormones.
Diagnostic Biochemistry
2+1
1+1
1+1
1+1
2+1
2
FPB- 501 Physiology of Digestion, Growth and Energetics (2+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with the various aspects of growth and energy budget
in fish and shellfish.
•
Theory:
Concept of growth, determination of age and growth, correlation of
growth in relation to body weight and length, food and feeding
biology, growth curve, feed ingestion and feeding mechanism;
•
Digestive systems of fish and shell fish; Digestive organs and and
their functions
•
Digestive enzymes, digestion of carbohydrates, lipid and proteins,
absorption and assimilation of nutrients; growth metabolism
(anabolism and catabolism), biotic and abiotic factors affecting
growth
•
Factors affecting digestibility and transport of nutrients
•
Role of minerals and vitamins in growth regulation.
•
Hormonal factors controlling growth.
•
Insulin- like Growth factor (IGF) or Somatostatin and role of
Insulin on growth
•
Practicals:
Role of nutrients in growth and Growth stimulators
Estimation of AST; Estimation of ALT; Thyroxine/ Tyrosine assay;
Insulin- like Growth Factor (IGF); Acid- base estimations of gut system.
Estimation of carbohydrate, protein and lipid digestive enzymes.
Determination of growth and age by otolith and fish scale analysis.
Suggested
Books:
Readings :
•
Muscle Development and Growth, Vol. 18 by William S. Hoar
•
Fish Biomechanics by Robert E. Shadwick and George V. Lauder
•
The Physiology of Fishes by David H. Evans.
•
Fish Physiology By William Stewart Hoar and D. J. Randall
•
Comparative Animal Physiology by C. L. Prosser, W. B Sounders
co., Philadelphia
Journals:
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•
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
•
Fish physiology and Biochemistry
•
Journal of muscle research and cell motility
3
Research Area :
•
Mechanism and control of growth
•
Role of insulin like growth factors
•
Role of nutrient on growth
FPB-502: Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology (2+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with basic concepts of reproduction in fish and
reproductive technology
Theory:
•
Reproductive systems: male and female of fish and shellfish,
primary and secondary sex characters, bisexual reproduction,
hermaphroditism, gynogenesis, androgenesis, inter-sexes, breeding
pattern, breeding season, Gonadal development, process of
oogenesis; spermatogenesis, metabolic changes during oogenesis
and spermatogenesis, Sex steroids and sex differentiation. Factors
affecting sex differentiation. Sex reversal in fish, factors affecting
sex reversal, parental care.
•
Physiology of hypothalamo-hypophyseal system.
•
Mechanism of hormone synthesis, release, transport and action.
•
Hormone receptors and their characteristics.
•
Neuroendocrine regulation of gametogenesis, maturation and
ovulation processes.
•
Neuro- endocrine system in crustacean and molluscs and its role in
control of reproduction.
•
Pheromones and reproductive behaviour.
•
Role of nutrition in fish reproduction.
•
Environmental factors influencing reproduction.
•
Cryopreservation of gametes and mechanism of fertilization.
•
Reproductive
biotechnology
for
accelerating
breeding
and
spawning.
Practicals:
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•
Dissection and display of reproductive system (male and female).
•
Identification of primary and secondary sex characters.
•
Estimation of fecundity, Gonado- somatic index (GSI)
4
•
Extraction of hormones, isolation, purification and characterization.
Suggested
Books:
Readings :
•
Breeding and seed production of Fin Fish and Shellfish by P.C.
Thomas.
•
The Physiology of Fishes by David H. Evans.
•
Fish Physiology By William Stewart Hoar and D. J. Randall
•
Comparative neuroendocrinology of invertebrates by Highman
and Hill
Journals:
•
Journal of Experimental Biology
•
Journal of Fish physiology and Biochemistry.
•
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
Research Area:
•
Hormonal control of fish reproduction
•
Isolation and characterization of Gonadotropin
•
Nutritional strategies of fish reproduction
•
Cryopreservation of gamets
FPB- 503 Fish Biochemistry (2+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with the biochemical functions of different
biomolecules.
Theory:
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Definition, classification and biological significance of proteins; Amino
acids: structure, classification, acid-base properties, stereoisomerisms
and chemical reactions;
Structure of proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary;
denaturation.
Definition, classification and biological significance of lipids, fatty
acids: structure, properties and chemical reactions; Saponification,
iodine number and peroxide value of fats
Structure, properties and functions of phospholipids, prostaglandins,
PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and steroids
Definition, classification and biological significance of carbohydrates;
Chemical reactions; stereoisomerisms and mutarotation, structure and
properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides and
mucopolysaccharides
Structure, functions and properties of nucleic acids; Structure of
5
purines, pyrimidine; DNA and RNA; Watson and Crick model of
DNA.
Practicals:
Extraction and purification of proteins and lipids
Isolation, purification and characterization of nucleic acids
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and
nucleic acids.
Quantitative estimation of biomolecules by spectrophotometric methods
Suggested
Readings :
Books:
• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes by Hochachka
• Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson and Michael M.
Cox
• Fish Physiology By William Stewart Hoar and D. J. Randall
Journals:
•
Fish physiology and Biochemistry.
•
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
•
Journal of Biology.
Research Area:
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•
Biosynthesis of PUFA.
•
Isolation and characterization of genes
6
FPB-504 Metabolism of Biomolecules (2+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with the metabolism of different biomolecules.
Theory:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Practicals:
Carbohydrate metabolism: glycolysis and its control
TCA cycle: different steps, stoichiometry and control
Alternate pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
pentose phosphate pathway and guconeogenesis;
Glycogen metabolism; Regulation of blood glucose; Oxidative
phosphorylation; Redox potential;
Respiratory chain and its enzyme system; ATP synthesis;
Lipid metabolism: biosynthesis and beta oxidation of fatty acids;
Generation of acetyl CoA, NADH/NADPH and FADH2;
Control of fatty acid metabolism;
Protein and amino acid metabolism: biosynthesis of protein;
Oxidative and non-oxidative degradation of amino acids,
transamination and deamination; Urea cycle
Biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids;
Nucleic acids metabolism: purine and pyrimidine metabolism;
Biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides;
Intermediary metabolism:
integration of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.
End product estimation of aerobic and anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism
(pyruvate and lactate)
Enzyme assay for LDH, MDH, ALT and nucleases
Estimation of phospholipids.
Suggested
Readings :
Books:
• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes by Hochachka
• Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson and Michael M.
Cox
• Outline of Biochemistry by Conn. Stumpf, Bruening and Doi:
•
Harper’s biochemistry by Murray et al.
Journals:
•
Fish physiology and Biochemistry.
•
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
•
Journal of Biology.
Research Area:
•
Role of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins on metabolism during
stress
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FPB-505 Cardio-vascular system and Respiratory Physiology (2+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with the dynamics of cardiovascular system and
adaptation of the salt transporting mechanism in fish and their physiology.
Theory:
•
Types of heart, morphological structure, blood vascular system.
Lymph and lymphatic circulation. Regulation of cardiac activity,
Neural and autoregulatory control of heart and haemodynamics,
cardiac output, circulation time, blood pressure.
•
Definition of respiration, basal metabolic rate (BMR), external
respiration, internal respiration. Types of respiratory organs, gill
structure
•
Respiratory pigments and their functions.
•
Mechanism of gaseous exchange, CO2 transport, countercurrent
principle, water flow across the gills, respiratory pumps, pump
musculature and skeleton, ammonia quotient.
•
Chloride cells and their role in respiration.
•
Respiratory metabolism, energy budget and expenditure in relation
to environmental conditions and stress
•
Metabolic effect in response to environmental factors (biotic and
abiotic).
Practicals:
•
Hypoxia and metabolic rate, anoxic layers and habitats
•
Oxygen requirements at larval stages
•
Assay of Na+-K+ ATPase activity. Study of rate of oxygen
consumption in relation to abiotic factors (pH, temperature,
salinity).
•
Differential count of blood cells and estimation of haemoglobin
concentration, haematocrit value.
Suggested
Books:
Readings :
•
Responses of Fish to Environmental Changes by Walter Chavin
•
Control Processes in Fish Physiology by J. C. Rankin, T. J. Pitcher
•
The Physiology of Fishes by David H. Evans.
•
Fish Physiology By William Stewart Hoar and D. J. Randall
•
Comparative Animal Physiology by C. L. Prosser, W. B Sounders
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8
co., Philadelphia
Journals:
•
Journal of Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
•
Journal of Fish and Shellfish Immunology.
Research Area
•
Osmoregulation
•
Mechanism of gaseous exchange
•
Hypoxia as endocrine disrupters
FPB- 506 Immunophysiology (1+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with different aspects Immunostimulants and their
effect on fish immunity, stress resistance and disease resistance.
Theory:
•
Basic principles of immune system in fishes and shell fishes.
•
Immuno-stimulant, immunomodulation.
•
Role of nutraceuticals viz., levan, β- glucan, w3- fatty acid,
levanisole, nucleotide, alginates, bovine lactoferine, etc. on fish/
shellfish immunity and mechanism of their action.
Practicals:
•
Principles of stress resistance, stress tolerance. Challenge study.
•
Endocrine control of immune system.
Lysozyme activity. Estimation of NBT. Estimation of CBC. Estimation of
prophenol oxidase. Estimation of superoxide dismutase. Estimation of
IgM.
Suggested
Books:
Readings :
The Fish immune System, Organisms, Pathogen and Environment By
Iwama, G and Nakanishi.
Immunochemistry by Carel J. Van Oss and Mare H. V. Van Regenmortel
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes by Hochachka
The Physiology Of Fishes by David H. Evans
Outline of Biochemistry by Conn. Stumpf, Bruening and Doi:
Harper’s biochemistry by Murray et al.
Journals:
Fish and Shellfish Immunology.
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9
Journal of Fish Diseases.
Journal of Immunopharmacology.
Research Area:
•
Identification and application of nutraceuticals on immunity
•
Endocrine control of immunity
FPB-507 Cellular and Molecular physiology (2+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with the cellular signaling cascades and other various
molecular physiology.
Theory:
•
Protein sequencing, cell signaling and trafficking
•
Sensor molecules and bioactive peptides; C-reactive protein,
•
Structure, functions and expression of heat shock; antifreeze and
metallothionenes proteins;
•
Cross protection, mechanism of action of cross protection.
•
Biochemical mechanism of thermogenesis.
•
Adaptation mechanism during thermal extremes; metabolic
reactions during starvation and stress; gene splicing and mutation.
•
DNA probes and nucleotide sequencing; gene expression and
cloning; recombinant DNA and DNA fingerprinting. DNA damage.
•
Practicals:
Factors affecting gene expression. Fish cell culture and stem cells.
Quantification of HSP. DNA damage by Comet assay. Quantification of Creactive protein. Gene sequencing. Amino acid sequencing.
Books:
Suggested
Fish Biomechanics by Robert E. Shadwick and George V. Lauder
Readings :
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes by Hochachka
Stress- Inducible Cellular Responses by U. Fiege, R. Morimoto, I. Yahara
Journals:
Journal of Experimental Biology
Journal of Fish physiology and Biochemistry
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition.
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10
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
Research Area:
•
Identification and characterization of thermo tolerance gene
•
Mechanism on cell signaling
•
Adaptive mechanism to altered environment
FPB-508 Sensory Physiology (1+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with the different sensory organs and functional
mechanism in fish and shellfish.
•
Theory:
Overview of Sense organs and their functions in fishes and shell
fishes
•
Action potential, synapse, Neurotransmitters, impulse transmission,
Excitation-contraction coupling
Practicals:
•
Hearing mechanism and specialization.
•
Hearing threshold.
•
Auditory behavior and ecology.
•
Olfactory system and role in migration.
•
Electroreception, chemoreception in fish.
•
Physiology of photoreceptors and pineal.
•
Effector and motor function, Motor behavior and locomotion.
•
Bioluminiscence , Chromatophores
Practical on chemoreception using different feeding attractants. Behavioral
studies with respect to temperature and noise. Study of reflex action.
Effect of spinal nerve transection on melanophore behaviour. Effect of
optic nerve transection on melanophore behaviour in response to
background colour.
Chromatophores response in relation to background colour, light,
temperature, etc.
Chromatophores response in relation to eye stalk ablation.
Suggested
Readings :
Books:
Fish Neurobiology by R. Glenn Northcutt, Roger E. Davis
Electroreception by Theodore Bullock
Sensory Systems Neuroscience: Fish Physiology, Vol. 25 by
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11
Toshiaki J. Hara
The Physiology Of Fishes by David H. Evans,
Fish Physiology By William Stewart Hoar and D. J. Randall
Journals:
Journal of Neuroscience
Experimentia
Chemical Senses
Journal of Comparative Neurology.
Research Area:
•
Bioluminiscence , Chromatophores
•
Chromatophores response in relation to eye stalk ablation.
FPB-509 Physiology of Fish Behaviour (1+1)
Objective
To acquaint students on physiology of behaviour
•
Theory
Concepts on fish behavior and regulatory mechanism-alarm
reaction-transduction mechanism
• Domestication processes communicative behavior. Locomotion
behavior
• Sexual behavior. Predatory avoidance. Parental and neonatal
behavior
• Behavior due to environmental partition
• Chemical signals to evoke feeding behavior
• Adaptation mechanism in altered environment
• Tagging Studies.
• Audio visual recording of behavior in simulated experiment
Practicals
Suggested
Readings.
Books:
Behaviour of Teleost Fishes by T. J. Pitcher
Fish Cognition and Behavior byCulum Brown, Kevin Laland
The Physiology Of Fishes by David H. Evans
Journals:
Journal of Animal Ecology
Journal of Fish Biology
Journal of Fish Behaviour
Research Area:
• Behavioural studies during reproduction
• Behavioural pattern in altered environment
18/4/08
12
FPB-510 Pharmaco-Physiology of Aquaculture Drugs (1+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with the aquaculture drugs and their delivery
mechanism.
Theory
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Practical
Suggested
Readings
An introduction to pharmaco-dynamic agents
Anaesthetics
Chemotherapeutic agents: antiprotozoal agents, ectoparasiticide,
antihelmenthic
Antibacterial drugs
Delivery system of drugs
ISO standards of levels of drugs.
Estimation of residual level of different drugs
Pharamaco-kinetics.
Books:
Applied fish pharmacology by K. M. Traos Brown
Fish medicine by M. K. Stockoff
Journals:
European Journal of Pharmacology
Immunopharmacology
Research Area:
• Metabolism and Pharmaco- kinetics of drugs
FPB-511 Physiology of Excretion and Osmoregulation (1+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with the physiology of excretion and osmoregulation in fish
and shellfish.
Theory
Practical
18/4/08
•
Definition of excretion and Osmoregulation
•
Excretory organs in fish and shellfish and their functions
•
Mechanism of excretion of nitrogenous waste, water and ion balance
•
Urea cycle
•
Chloride shift mechanism
•
Mechanism of osmotic and ionic regulation
•
Osmoregulation in migratory animals
•
Stenohaline and Euryhaline animals and their tolerance capacity
•
Endocrine control of osmoregulation
•
Estimation of osmolarity in blood samples
•
Estimation of osmolarity in relation to different salinities.
•
Estimation of ammonia in blood and water samples.
13
Suggested
Books
Readings
The Physiology of Fishes by David Evans.
Fish Physiology by William Stewart Hoar and D. J. Randall vol. I
Comparative Animal Physiology by C. L. Prosser, W. B. Saunders co.,
Philladelphia.
Journals
•
Journal of Fish Biology
•
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
•
Journal of Fish physiology and Biochemistry
•
Journal of Experimental Biology
•
Journal of Fish physiology and Biochemistry.
Research Area:
•
Protein requirement studies based on nitrogen excretion
•
Osmotic and ionic regulation in altered environment
FPB-512 Ecophysiology of Fishes (1+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with an insight into physiology of fish in response to
changes in the aquatic environment both in wild population and in
captivity.
Theory:
•
Fish and shellfish habitats in different ecological niches.
•
Environmental factors affecting fish physiology and endocrine
disruptors
•
Adaptive and detoxification mechanism
•
Global warming and its impact on fish and shellfish physiology.
•
Thermal eco-physiology.
•
Stress in fish and heat shock protein (HSP).
•
Response of fish and shellfish during hypoxia and the role of
cardiovascular and ventillary system.
•
Physiological adaptations during migration.
•
Natural and anthropogenic sources of radioactivity in the aquatic
environment. Use of radioisotopes in tracer techniques for
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14
metabolic studies.
•
Distribution of radioactive substances in water.
•
International radiological limits for the export and import of aquatic
products.
•
The role of food chains in concentration of radionucleides by
aquatic organisms.
•
Effect
of
radioactive
substances.
Threat
of
radioactive
contamination to aquatic animal life.
•
Practicals:
Estimate threshold of thermal tolerance and salinity tolerance.
Estimation of LC 50 of pollutants.
•
Estimation of stress enzymes, isozymes. Estimation of cortisol in
serum/plasma.
•
Use of isotopes in tracer techniques for metabolic studies.
Quantification of Tritium and other radioisotope levels from the
aquatic animals.
•
Quantification of radioisotopes in fish/ shellfish tissues and in
aquatic environment.
Suggested
Books:
Readings :
•
Responses of Fish to Environmental Changes by Walter Chavin
•
Fish Ecophysiology by J. Cliff Rankin and Frank B. Jensen
•
Heat Shock Proteins from Bacteria to Man by M. J. Schlesinger, M.
•
•
•
Stress- Inducible Cellular Responses by U. Fiege, R. Morimoto, I.
Yahara
Stress and Fish by A. D. Pickering
Water Pollution And Fish Physiology Heath Alan G
•
The Physiology Of Fishes by David H. Evans
•
Environmental Biology by Jobling M.
•
Water Pollution And Fish Physiology Heath Alan G
Journals:
18/4/08
•
•
•
Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health
Journal of Ecology, Ecosystems and Ecophysiology
Fish physiology and Biochemistry
•
•
Journal of Thermal Biology
Journal of Experimental Biology
15
•
Journal of Fish physiology and Biochemistry
•
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition.
•
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
•
•
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Toxicology Letters
Research Area:
•
Thermo-tolerance polygon.
•
Heat shock protein
•
Adaptation mechanisms
FPB-513 Experimental Techniques in Biochemistry (1+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with different experimental techniques in the fish
Biochemistry.
Theory:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Practicals:
Theory and application of colorimetry and spectrophotometry; BeerLambert's law; Calibration plot;
Basic principles of chromatography; Theory and applications of paper,
affinity, column, thin layer, ion-exchange, size exclusion and gas
chromatography;
HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography); Factors affecting
chromatographic resolutions, resolving power and retention time;
Methods of preparing biological samples for chromatographic
analysis;
Theory and applications of electrophoresis; Gel electrophoresis of
proteins and nucleic acids;
Determination of molecular weight of proteins and nucleic acids;
Principle and uses of ultracentrifugation;
Types of rotors and their applications; Beta scintillation counters and
uses of radio isotopes in fisheries research.
Quantitative estimation of biomolecules by spectrophotometric methods;
Estimation of proteins by different methods (Lowry, Biuret, Bradford);
Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography; Qualitative and
quantitative estimation of fatty acids by gas chromatography; Separation
of proteins and nucleic acids by gel electrophoresis; Application of swing
out and fixed angle rotors in ultra centrifugation.
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16
Suggested
Books:
Readings :
• Experimental Techniques in Biochemistry by J. M. Braver
• Laboratory Techniques in Chemistry and Biochemistry by P. S.
• Diamond and R.F. Denman
• Methods for Fish Biology by C. B. Schreck and P. B. Moyle
Journals:
Journal of Research Methods and Methodological Issues
Research Area:
•
Development of new methods for quantification of biomolecules
FPB-514 Biochemistry of Enzymes, Vitamins, Minerals and Hormones (2+1)
Objective
Theory:
Practicals:
To acquaint students with the different aspects of enzymes, vitamins,
minerals and hormones.
•
•
•
Nomenclature, classification and structure of enzymes
Active site; Concepts of activation energy
Transition state and enzyme-substrate complex; Units of enzyme
activity
• Factors affecting enzyme activity;
• Enzyme kinetics; Km and Vmax values; Lineweaver and Burke
Plots;
• Competitive and noncompetitive inhibition;
• Ribozymes; Immobilized and restriction enzymes;
• Structure and properties of water and fat soluble vitamins;
• Vitamins as coenzymes and prosthetic groups;
• Metabolic changes associated with hypo and hyper-vitaminosis;
• Biosynthesis of vitamins; Biological significance of important
minerals (calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, zinc, manganese,
selenium, cobalt, sodium, potassium, iron)
• Classification and functional properties of different hormones;
Structure of peptide and steroid hormones; Biosynthesis, secretion
and metabolic role of hormones
• Mechanism of hormone action.
Assay of enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase, transaminases);
Quantitative estimation of vitamin A; Estimation of serum calcium and
phosphorous; Analysis of peptides from fish pituitary homogenate.
Suggested
Readings :
Books:
• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes by Hochachka
• Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson and Michael M.
Cox
• Outline of Biochemistry by Conn. Stumpf, Bruening and Doi:
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17
•
Harper’s biochemistry by Murray et al.
Journals:
• Fish physiology and Biochemistry.
• Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
• Journal of Biology.
Research Area:
•
Enzyme kinetics
•
Isozymes
•
Enzyme action during stress
•
Role vitamin and hormone on growth
FPB-515: Diagnostic Biochemistry (1+1)
Objective
To acquaint students with the different aspects of biochemical diagnostic
Techniques.
Theory:
•
Practicals:
Suggested
OIE (Office of the international epizootics) listed diseases of finfish
and shellfish in the world and their approved diagnostic methods;
• Enzymes and isoenzymes of clinical significance;
• Metabolic disorders related to carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleic
acid metabolism in fishes;
• Biochemical markers for EUS, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia,
enteritis and spring viraemia in carp; Bacterial kidney diseases (BKD)
and WSSV diagnosis;
• Biochemical indicators for stress; Biochemical techniques for
identification of liver diseases, bone disorder and pesticide poisoning;
Molecular basis of autoimmunity;
• Detoxification mechanisms of gill, liver and kidney; DNA
fingerprinting and its applications in clinical biochemistry.
Specimen collection, identification, transport, delivery, preparation and
preservation of samples; Estimation of blood glucose, albumin and
globulin; Identification of pathogens by PCR and DNA fingerprinting in
finfish and shellfish; Disease diagnosis by histopathology, histochemistry
and X-ray techniques; Liver and plasma enzyme assay (GOT, GPT, ALP
and AChE); Analysis of stress proteins.
.
Books:
Readings :
18/4/08
• Experimental Techniques in Biochemistry by J. M. Braver
• Laboratory Techniques in Chemistry and Biochemistry by P. S.
Diamondand R.F. Denman
• Methods for Fish Biology by C. B. Schreck and P. B. Moyle
• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes by Hochachka
• Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson and Michael M.
Cox
• Outline of Biochemistry by Conn. Stumpf, Bruening and Doi:
18
•
Harper’s biochemistry by Murray et al.
Journals:
•
•
Journal of Research Methods and Methodological Issues
Journal of Experimental Biology
•
Journal of Fish physiology and Biochemistry.
•
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
Research Area:
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•
Isolation and identification of WSSV.
•
Development of monoclonal antibody
•
Development of vaccines.
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