SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) – Volume 3 Issue 8 – August 2016
A Review on Advancement of detection and
ranging using Quantum Radar
Abhishek singh naruka#,Mr kamal kishorChoure*
Department of Electronics& Comm. Engineering
Student#, Asst. prof.*, Poornima Inst. of Eng. & Technology, Jaipur
Abstract: - RADAR a radio detection and ranging
technology which plays a vital role for detecting and
ranging a particular target . Radar is basically a remote
sensing device which can scene any activity that is
coming in between it. The image quality of a classical
radar depends on the radar cross section(RCS) which
determines the amount of power scattered in a particular
direction when the target is brighten by the incident wave.
Radar cross section of classical radar is less efficient as
compared to quantum radar . To come up with this
critical problem quantum radar with quantum radar cross
section(QRCS) can be used to perform much better
detection and ranging . This paper presents the
theoretical analysis of quantum radar and also how
quantum radar can compete the stealth technology which
is very advance technology in today’s world.
Keywords : RADAR,QRCS
1 Introduction
Radar is basically a remote-sensing device which has the
capability to recognise and mark a particular target in any
atmosphere and weather i.e. cloudy, rainy, fog, snow etc.
There are different types of radar which are being used
for different purpose but the main aim of radar is to
provide the image of target with detection point and
ranging point . In today’s modern world many of the radar
system are not able to perform as per the requirement.
Due to everyday innovation in new technologies classical
radar are somewhere getting defeated. For example stealth
technology which has almost decreased the detection
quality of modern radar. To avoid these complicated
condition it is very necessary to improve the standard and
level of radar system.
The overall performance of a radar system depends on
the quality of sensing a particular target. The level of
noise present in the atmosphere is decreasing the sensing
quality of modern radar. But quantum radar has the
prospective to increase the sensitivity.[2]
In quantum radar instead of sending electromagnetic
waves(EMW) a pair of entangled photon is used which
gives the further information of target. In this theoretical
analysis of quantum radar the working and capability of
quantum radar is shown in the further sections.
and to receive the eco signals which are reflected back
from the target. Measurement of power scattered in a
particular direction gives the radar cross section(RCS) of
the target i.e. it is the measure of target’s ability to reflect
radar signal
back into the direction of radar
receiver.Quantum
physics
and
the
quantum
electrodynamics(QED) is the theory behind the quantum
radar phenomenon. is a quantum theory of the interactions
of charged particles with the electromagnetic field. It
explains the interaction between the light with mater.
Quantum radar cross section(QRCS) is determined on the
basis of QED. Radar cross section of both quantum radar
and modern radar i.e. classical radar consists of lobes
leakage that is sidelobe. In classical radar target cannot be
seen in each and every direction because of the less
continuous current signals on the surface of the target.
But in the case of quantum radar the current signals can
be made continuous by some of the method because when
the photon once scattered may have the chances to be
found in atmosphere. So this makes the quantum radar to
provide far better detection and ranging technology as
compare to classical radar.[3]
3 Realization of Quantum radar system
Quantum radar system works on the phenomenon of
quantum entanglement. Quantum entanglement occurs
when a pair of particle, such as photon interact
physically. A laser beam is fired through a certain type of
crystal which can cause photons to be split into pairs of
entangled photon.
A
B
Figure no. 1 – Spinning photon A and photon B [5]
Photon A takes up spin and Photon B takes down spin and
during this process the transfer of states takes place with a
speed of at least 10000 times the speed of light
2 Principle
The basic principal of quantum radar is to send
microwave photons from transmitter to detect the target
ISSN: 2348 – 8549
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SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) – Volume 3 Issue 8 – August 2016
Figure no. 2 crystal[5]
Entangled pair of photon through a
The given pair of photons are named as idler photon beam
and probe photon beam. In this phenomenon one half of
the entangled photon i.e. probe photon beam is incident
on the target and another half i.e. idler photon beam is
kept on the receiver side. If target is present then the
probe photon are reflected back to the detector where it
will perform interference with the saved idler beam. If the
entanglement between the two beams is broken up by the
noise in the environment some of the residual correlation
remains that will affect the interference so the reflected
probe photon can be detected by the background
photon.In quantum radar measurement of phase can be
done on the phenomena of mech zender interferometer. In
this phenomena the phase can be measured by using
different mirrors and a detector to detect the change in
length in one of the path of beams. Quantum radar
basically works on two modes first is single photon model
in which single photon is transmitted toward the target
and then detected by the detector at the receiver side.
Another mode of quantum radar is interferometric
quantum radar in which entangled photons are used as
explained above. [2]
4.Block representation of quantum radar
As similar to classical radar quantum radar also consists
of transmitting and receiver side. At transmitter path
entangled photons waveformgenerator and
down
convertor is used. Waveform generator generates the pairs
of entangled photon using a laser source. Photons
generated from the generator are not in the form of
microwave arrangement and sending them directly to the
environment is not suitable. To convert entangled photons
into microwave photon a down convertor is used after the
source generator.
Figure no 3. – Block diagram of quantum radar[2]
The receiver side consists of detector, signal quality
processor, signal data processor. Reflected signal from the
target is received by detector which help to detect the
quantum states of each photon to extract different
information from them. After this the signal is forward
toward the signal quality processor which performs the
decrement in the noise to provide improvement in the
signal quality. Ultimately the signal input is given to the
signal data processor which gives the ultimate
information of the target. A controller is used which is
connected to the both transmitter and receiver to control
and govern the whole system. Antenna connected to the
duplexer is controlled and positioned by the positional
system. Duplexer isolate both transmitter and receiver and
allow one device o perform at time.[2][1]
5. Conclusion
Although quantum radar is only explained in theoretical
not yet practically this is one of the limitation of quantum
radar. Quantum radar is a new technology which has the
capability to enhance the performance of radar system.
Theoretical study of quantum radar is still going on and
need to be improved so that it can be applicable
practically in the environment. If this technology is
cognizable then a new era of detection and ranging will
take place with high sensing power. Quantum radar cross
section is summarized and need to be improved and
applicable. If quantum radar is applicable then it will
replace the classical radar and will be able to detect the
stealth technology which is a big problem now a days.[2]
References
[1].
[2].
ISSN: 2348 – 8549
Yan chen, Hongyu Yang, Hui Zhao “ Quantum radar
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SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) – Volume 3 Issue 8 – August 2016
[3].
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Kang Liu, Huaiti Xiao, Hongqi Fan , Qiang Fu “ Analysis of
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http://physics.aps.org/articles/v8/18
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_radar.
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