A Health Profile of California’s Diverse Population
2011-2012 Race/Ethnicity Health Profiles
UCLA Center for Health Policy Research | 10960 Wilshire Blvd. | Suite 1550 | Los Angeles, CA 90024 | t: 310.794.0909 | f: 310.794.2686 | [email protected]
RACE & ETHNICITY
2011-2012 HEALTH PROFILES
This health profile provides information on key health topics for the approximately 27,796,000 adults (ages
18 and over) in California by racial/ethnic group. The racial/ethnic group definition used in this profile creates
all groups, with the exception of Latino, as non-Hispanic. The Latino category combines all persons who
identified as Latino regardless of race. Estimates are based on the 2011-2012 California Health Interview
Survey (CHIS).
Distribution of Racial and Ethnic Groups in California
Demographic Context
The figure to the right displays the distribution of major
racial/ethnic groups in California in 2011-2012. Racial and
ethnic categories are based on the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) definitions (see Appendix B for details).
AI/AN
Asian
0.4%
13.9%
Black
White
5.6%
43.5%
Latino
Other Race
Age Distribution
34.2%
2.4%
White Non-Hispanics have an estimated 23.7% of adults over the age of 65, over three times
as many when compared to Latino adults over 65, and one of the highest rates among all
racial / ethnic groups surveyed.
23.7%
7.7%
76.3%
92.3%
White
Latino
White
16.5%
28.4%
83.5%
11.8%
9.4%
88.2%
90.6%
Asian
Other/2+
Age 65+
Age 18-64
15.8%
84.2%
71.6%
Black
AI/AN
Adults with Income < 200% FPL
20.1%
Asian
California
An estimated 35.9% of adults in California
28.5%
Other/2+
An estimated 35.9% of adults in California receive an income
had an income below 200% of the Federal
below 200% of the Federal Poverty oLevel.
31.6%
Poverty Level.
AI/AN
40.6%
Black
42.3%
Latino
California
35.9%
58.2%
Among Latino adults, 58.2% were living
below 200% FPL, the highest proportion
among Racial & Ethnic groups in California.
1
RACE & ETHNICITY
2011-2012 HEALTH PROFILES
Access & Utilization
Approximately 1 in 3 Latino adults
aged 18-64 (38.6%) reported having
no health insurance for all or part of
the past year. That’s approximately
3.4 million individuals.
Proportion Uninsured (age 18-64)
38.6%
18.0%
19.8%
White
Asian
5.9%
27.5%
26.6%
23.4%
24.0%
Black
AI/AN Other/2+ Latino
CA
9.5%
11.6%
8.4%
21.6%
An estimated 6.2 million Californian
adults aged 18-64 (26.6%) had no
insurance for all or part of past year.
18.5%
17.4%
About 2.7 million Californian adults
aged 18-64 (11.6%) were estimated
to be enrolled in Medi-Cal for all of
the past year.
Of Black adults aged 18-64, over 21%
were estimated to be enrolled in Medi-Cal
for all of the past year, totaling nearly
300,000 individuals.
Medi-Cal Enrollment (age 18-64)
Employment-Based Insurance
Latino
36.3%
About half of all Californians (50.6%)
were estimated to have had employerbased health insurance through their
workplace for all of the past year. Only
about 36.3% of Latinos had employerbased coverage for all of the past year.
AI/AN
42.4%
Black
44.4%
Other/2+
49.3%
Asian
59.7%
White
61.9%
California
50.6%
2
RACE & ETHNICITY
2011-2012 HEALTH PROFILES
Access & Utilization
No Usual Source of Health Care
25.5%
Approximately 25.5% Latino adults had
no usual source of care when sick or in
need of health advice. That’s over 2.4
million Latinos across California, a rate
significantly larger when compared to the
State rate of 17.6% (p <0.05).
Latino
20.2%
15.1%
11.8%
9.7%
16.8%
17.6%
Other/2+
CA
Asian
Black
White
AI/AN
Delayed getting prescription
drugs or medical services in past year
About 1 in 4 White Californian adults reported
having delayed getting prescription drugs or medical
services in the past year, significantly higher than
California overall, at 21.5% (p <0.05).
Asian
Latino
20.8%
23.8%
Black
24.5%
AI/AN
CA
An estimated 1 in 4 Latino adults and 1 in 5 Black
adults in California had difficulty in reliably putting
food on the table in the past year, at 26.8% and
19.5% respectively. These estimates were significantly
higher than the State, at 14.9% (p <0.05).
7.2% White
White
13.9%
White
Other/2+
Food Insecurity
26.5%
29.0%
8.2% Asian
Asian
Other/2+
AI/AN AI/AN
18.4%
BlackBlack
19.5%
Latino
26.8% Latino
CA
21.5%
15.3% Other/2+
14.9% CA
3
RACE & ETHNICITY
2011-2012 HEALTH PROFILES
Health Conditions
Diabetes
Obesity
Other/2+ 6.8%
Other/2+
25.5%
9.7%
21.9%
Asian
White
Latino
32.6%
36.1%
Black
36.2%
AI/AN
Asian
7.1%
White
7.2%
Latino
9.9%
Black
11.4%
AI/AN
24.8%
CA
CA
American Indian/Alaska
Native, Black, and Latino
groups all had diabetes rates
that were significantly higher
than the State (p <0.05).
13.9%
8.4%
Over 2.3 million Californian adults (or
1 in 10) were estimated to have ever
been diagnosed with diabetes.
Over 6.8 million Californian adults (or 1 in
4) were estimated to be obese.
27.5%
25.6%
Fair or Poor Health
23.3%
An estimated 19.4% of Californian adults
reported having either fair or poor overall
health. Latinos had the highest rate of fair/
poor health, at 27.5% (over 2.6 million).
Black
17.7%
17.8%
Asian
Other/2+
19.4%
CA
13.1%
White
High Blood Pressure (Ever Diagnosed)
Asian
20.7%
AI/AN
43.4%
Other/2+
23.2%
Black
40.5%
Latino
23.9%
White
30.3%
Latino
AI/AN
CA
27.3%
High blood pressure was highest among American Indian/
Alaska Natives and Blacks, where over 1 in 3 adults were
estimated to have ever been diagnosed with high blood
pressure, rates that are almost double the state average of
27.3%.
Over 7.5 million Californian adults reported ever
being diagnosed with high blood pressure (1 in 4).
4
RACE & ETHNICITY
2011-2012 HEALTH PROFILES
Health Behaviors
Cigarette Smoker
28.7%
AI/AN
14.7%
12.3%
10.1%
20.2%
20.7%
Other/2+
Black
13.8%
White
CA
Latino
Asian
Smoking rates were highest among
American Indian/Alaska Native
adults at 28.7%, followed by Black
at 20.7%. Asian and Latino adults
had the lowest smoking rates at
10.1% and 12.3% respectively.
Over 3.8 million Californian adults smoke cigarettes.
Ate Fruits & Vegetables 3 or
More Times Yesterday
Regular Walking In Past Week
Black adults had the lowest proportion of
individuals who engaged in regular walking
in the past week (27.4%), significantly
different from the State (p<0.05).
Black
21.1%
Latino
21.4%
AI/AN
27.2%
Asian
27.9%
Other/2+
30.5%
Latino
34.8%
White
32.1%
AI/AN
35.0%
CA
27.2%
Asian
35.4%
Black
27.4%
White
32.1%
Other/2+
Only an estimated 27.2% of
Californian Adults ate 3 fruits/
vegetables the previous day.
CA
36.1%
33.3%
5
RACE & ETHNICITY
2011-2012 HEALTH PROFILES
All Racial & Ethnic Groups
The following profile provides data on key health topics for the 27,796,000 adults (ages 18 and over) in California by
racial/ethnic group. Estimates are based on the 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS).1
White
Latino
Black
AI/AN
Asian
Other/2+
California
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Age 18-64
76.3
92.3
83.5
71.6
88.2
90.6
84.2
Age 65 and over
23.7
7.7
16.5
28.4
11.8
9.4
15.8
Adults with income less than
200% FPL2
20.1
58.2
42.3
40.6
28.5
31.6
35.9
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
18.0*
38.6*
23.4
24.0
19.8*
27.5
26.6
(17.6 - 22.0)
(21.9 - 33.2)
(25.7 - 27.4)
Demographics
Access and Utilization
Uninsured all or part year (age 18-64)
Employment-based insurance, all year
(age 18-64)
Medi-Cal, all year (age 18-64)
Other coverage, all year (age 18-64)3
No usual source of health care4
Delayed getting prescription drugs or
medical services in past year
(17.0 - 19.1)
(36.9 - 40.2)
(19.8 - 26.9)
(14.9 - 33.1)
61.9*
36.3*
44.4*
42.4†
59.7*
49.3
50.6
(60.7 - 63.2)
(34.7 - 37.9)
(40.5 - 48.2)
(31.6 - 53.2)
(57.0 - 62.4)
(43.4 - 55.2)
(49.7 - 51.5)
5.9*
17.4*
21.6*
18.5
8.4*
9.5
11.6
(5.3 - 6.5)
(16.1 - 18.7)
(18.3 - 24.8)
(11.2 - 25.8)
(6.8 - 10.0)
(5.8 - 13.2)
(11.0 - 12.2)
14.1*
7.7*
10.7
15.2
12.2
13.7
11.3
(13.3 - 15.0)
(6.9 - 8.6)
(8.3 - 13.2)
(6.5 - 23.8)
(10.5 - 13.9)
(9.9 - 17.5)
(10.7 - 11.8)
11.8*
25.5*
15.1
9.7*
16.8
20.2
17.6
(11.0 - 12.5)
(24.1 - 26.9)
(12.6 - 17.7)
(3.9 - 15.4)
(14.8 - 18.8)
(15.2 - 25.1)
(16.9 - 18.2)
23.8*
20.8
24.5
29.0
13.9*
26.5
21.5
(22.9 - 24.7)
(19.6 - 22.1)
(21.5 - 27.5)
(19.2 - 38.8)
(12.2 - 15.6)
(21.4 - 31.6)
(20.9 - 22.2)
* Statistically significant difference between state and race/ethnic group at p < 0.05.
† Estimate should be interpreted with caution because it is either unstable (coefficient of variation ≥ 40%) or it has a wide confidence interval ( 20%)
Endnotes 1-15 and racial/ethnic definitions can be found in the online appendices: http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/health-profiles/race_ethnicity/Documents/Appendices.pdf
UCLA Center for Health Policy Research | 10960 Wilshire Blvd. | Suite 1550 | Los Angeles, CA 90024 | t: 310.794.0909 | f: 310.794.2686 | [email protected]
RACE & ETHNICITY
2011-2012 HEALTH PROFILES
All Racial & Ethnic Groups
Health Outcomes
Serious psychological distress in the
past year5
Fair or poor health6
Current asthma7
Ever diagnosed with diabetes8
Obese9
Ever diagnosed with high blood
pressure
Health Behaviors
White
Latino
Black
AI/AN
Asian
Other/2+
California
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
7.6
8.8
9.4
10.6
5.2*
13.3*
7.9
(7.0 - 8.2)
(7.9 - 9.6)
(7.2 - 11.6)
(5.6 - 15.6)
(4.1 - 6.4)
(9.5 - 17.2)
(7.5 - 8.4)
13.1*
27.5*
23.3*
25.6
17.7*
17.8
19.4
(12.4 - 13.7)
(26.1 - 28.9)
(20.5 - 26.2)
(17.6 - 33.7)
(16.1 - 19.3)
(14.0 - 21.6)
(18.8 - 20.0)
9.5*
5.5*
12.1*
23.4*
5.1*
9.7
7.7
(8.9 - 10.1)
(4.8 - 6.1)
(9.8 - 14.3)
(14.6 - 32.1)
(4.1 - 6.2)
(6.9 - 12.6)
(7.3 - 8.1)
7.2*
9.9*
11.4*
13.9*
7.1*
6.8
(6.7 - 7.6)
(9.0 - 10.8)
(9.5 - 13.2)
(8.5 - 19.4)
(6.0 - 8.1)
(4.5 - 9.0)
8.4
(7.9 - 8.8)
21.9*
32.6*
36.1*
36.2*
9.7*
25.5
24.8
(21.1– 22.7)
(31.1 - 34.0)
(32.8 - 39.4)
(27.4 - 44.9)
(8.2 - 11.3)
(20.8 - 30.1)
(24.1 - 25.5)
30.3*
23.9*
40.5*
43.4*
20.7*
23.2
27.3
(29.4 - 31.1)
(22.6 - 25.2)
(37.2 - 43.8)
(33.9 - 52.8)
(18.9 - 22.5)
(19.0 - 27.3)
(26.6 - 27.9)
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
Engaged in regular walking in the past
week10
32.1*
34.8
27.4*
35.0
35.4
36.1
33.3
(31.1 - 33.0)
(33.3 - 36.3)
(24.3 - 30.5)
(25.2 - 44.8)
(33.0 - 37.9)
(30.7 - 41.5)
(32.5 - 34.1)
Ate fruits and vegetables 3 or more
times yesterday11
32.1*
21.4*
21.1*
27.2
27.9
30.5
27.2
(31.2 - 33.0)
(20.1 - 22.7)
(18.3 - 23.9)
(19.1 - 35.2)
(25.8– 30.1)
(25.7– 35.3)
(26.5 - 27.9)
Current smoker12
Binge drinking13
Other Factors
Food insecure14
Limited English proficiency15
14.7
12.3*
20.7*
28.7*
10.1*
20.2*
13.8
(13.9 - 15.5)
(11.2 - 13.3)
(17.7 - 23.6)
(19.6 - 37.8)
(8.4 - 11.7)
(15.6 - 24.7)
(13.2 - 14.3)
33.6*
32.5
24.3*
29.6
21.4*
36.4
31.1
(32.6 - 34.6)
(31.0 - 34.1)
(21.2 - 27.4)
(21.3 - 37.8)
(19.2 - 23.7)
(31.0 - 41.7)
(30.3 - 31.8)
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
7.2*
26.8*
19.5*
18.4
8.2*
15.3
14.9
(6.5 - 7.8)
(25.3 - 28.2)
(16.6 - 22.4)
(11.1 - 25.7)
(6.7 – 9.6)
(11.4 - 19.3)
(14.3 - 15.6)
2.9*
55.8
3.0*
4.3*†
45.3*
3.7*
26.9
(2.5 - 3.3)
(54.3 - 57.4)
(1.9 - 4.1)
(0.0 - 8.9)
(42.9– 47.7)
(1.7 - 5.6)
(26.2 - 27.7)
* Statistically significant difference between state and race/ethnic group at p < 0.05.
† Estimate should be interpreted with caution because it is either unstable (coefficient of variation ≥ 40%) or it has a wide confidence interval ( 20%)
Endnotes 1-15 and racial/ethnic definitions can be found in the online appendices: http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/health-profiles/race_ethnicity/Documents/Appendices.pdf
UCLA Center for Health Policy Research | 10960 Wilshire Blvd. | Suite 1550 | Los Angeles, CA 90024 | t: 310.794.0909 | f: 310.794.2686 | [email protected]