Midterm Review
Chapter 1
1. Define mass.
2. What field of science studies the interaction between matter and energy? Which one studies the
composition and structure of matter?
3. What are the steps in the scientific method? What do you do in each of the steps?
4. What is a scientific theory? Can scientific theories be proven?
5. What is a scientific model?
6. What is the most important safety rule?
7. Define the following terms:
a. Precision, accuracy, density
8. Scientific Notation
a. Write the following in scientific notation
i. 44,560,000
ii. 0.000347
9. What are the SI base units for mass, length, temperature, and volume?
10. Do the following metric conversions
a. 3.2mmdm
b. 2.54 kg  g
Chapter 2
11. Define the following terms:
a. Element, compound, homogeneous, heterogeneous, distillation, filtration
12. What are two types of pure substances?
13. What are physical properties? What are chemical properties?
14. Identify each as a physical or chemical property:
a. Mass
b. Ability to rust
c. Boiling point
15. Identify the following as a chemical change or physical change
a. Ice melts into liquid water or any phase change
b. rust forming on an iron fence
c. Cutting hair
d. Fermenting of cheese
16. Describe each mixture as homogeneous or heterogeneous
a. Raisin Muffin
c. Salt in Water (dissolved)
b. Milk
d. Pizza
Chapter 3
17. What is the difference between solids, liquids, and gases?
18. Which state of matter is the most abundant in the universe?
19. What three factors affect the pressure of a gas?
20. What happens to temperature during a phase change?
21. What is melting? Freezing?
22. What is an endothermic change?
a. Which phase changes are endothermic?
23. What is an exothermic change?
a. Which phase changes are exothermic?
24. Explain how you could determine the melting point and boiling point on a heating curve.
Chapter 4
25. Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons are located in an atom and what are the charges of each?
26. Define the following terms:
a. Atom, nucleus, electron cloud, atomic number, atomic mass, and isotope
27. Who was the first person to suggest the idea of atoms?
28. Who discovered the electron?
29. Who discovered the positive nucleus?
30. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in:
a. Chlorine
b. Gallium
c. Boron
31. How many neutrons does an element with a mass number of 42 and an atomic number of 20 have?
Chapter 5
32. Which direction are periods? Which direction are groups (families)?
33. What are the properties of metals, non-metals, and metalloids?
a. Where is each located on the periodic table?
b. Which includes the majority of the elements on the periodic table?
34. Define metal, transition metals, and periodic law.
35. Who arranged the elements according to atomic mass and used the arrangement to predict the
properties of missing elements?
36. What increases by one as you move across a row on the periodic table?
37. Define valence electrons.
a. What happens to valence electrons as you move from left to right across a period?
b. How many valence electrons are in the following atoms:
i. Nitrogen
ii. Iodine
Chapter 6
38. What is the charge of a cation? Of an anion?
39. Are electrons transferred or shared in an ionic bond?
40. Determine the charges of the following ions:
a. Potassium
b. Aluminum
c. Bromine
d. Beryllium
e. Phosphorus
41. Determine if the following are ionic or covalent:
a. S2O
b. PCl5
c. CaF2
d. Na2O
42. What is the formula for the following ionic compounds?
a. Calcium Oxide
b. Iron (III) Sulfide
43. Write the name for the following ionic compounds:
a. RbBr
b. Be3P
44. What does the roman numeral indicate in Zn (II)?
45. Show an example of a single bond, double bond, and a triple bond.