The Future of Club Soccer: Implementing a Club Wide Curriculum By Don Norton, Jr. Director of Coaching Highland/NJ Rush “At a young age, winning is not the most important thing. The important thing is to develop creative and skilled players with good confidence.” Arsene Wenger (Arsenal) “I never look at the result. I mean, which player scored the most goals, and even which one runs the fastest. These factors can only have meaning according to the relevant stage of progress of the young player. I watch how the players run; for example, whether he runs lightly. Creativity with the ball is also important and, of course, the willingness to play as the love of the game. I think that those factors are crucial in forecasting how a player will present himself in the future.” -Wim Jonk - AFC Ajax’s Head of Youth Academy Here are a few things I try to remember before stepping on the field. 72% of participants quit youth sports in the US before the age of 13. Top 4 reason why they quit: 1. 2. 3. 4. Coach doesn’t understand me. I don’t play enough Practices are not fun There is too much emphasis on winning -Karl Dewazien , DOC California YSA- North Here are a few things I try to remember before stepping on the field. The number one reason a child comes to practice: “TO PLAY” The one thing that a coach working with players ages 6-10 must teach the players is: “TO LEARN TO LOVE TO PLAY SOCCER.” -Karl Dewazien , DOC California YSA- North Love of the ball Peter Rudbaek, the Danish FA’s technical director, had a “grassroots moment” many years ago when he was the head coach of Aalborg BK. Peter had just won the coach of the year award when he met his fiveyear-old neighbor in the street. In a loud, enthusiastic voice, the youngster said: “Congratulations Mr. Rudbaek. This makes you the third best coach in Denmark.” Peter thanked the boy and then asked: “Out of interest, who are first and second?” Without hesitation, the diminutive neighbor declare: “Mr. Sepp Piontek (Demarks national coach at the time) and Poul, my coach.” In the child’s small world, his football teacher was more important than the best club coach in the country. However, it was the inanimate object under the boy’s left arm that was more significant to him than any coach, no matter how famous or how personal. It was his ball that fascinated him – it was the ball that was at the center of his universe. - Andy Roxburgh, UEFA Technical Director, UEFA Grassroots newsletter no. 12 Dec. 2011 Youth Club Philosophy Core Principles: Develop the Person, Not Just the Athlete Individual Development Intrinsic Motivation, Enjoyment and Natural Ability Playing Philosophy Staff in Harmony with the Club’s Philosophy -Implementing a club wide curriculum by Jacob Daniel, p5 MISSION STATEMENT The mission of ABC youth soccer club is to help foster young player’s physical, mental and social growth so they can reach their potential in life through their participation in soccer. The club will provide the highest quality staff, facilities, environment and curriculum to give players the tools to succeed. The club’s vision is to develop a reputation for producing well trained athletes and gain the respect of the national soccer community as a true soccer academy. College coaches, national coaches and professional coaches will recognize the standards of excellence embodied by the club and expect those who graduate from the club to be quality players with a solid soccer foundation and good citizens. -Implementing a club wide curriculum by Jacob Daniel, p4 A Mission Statement • Holds a club accountable • Communicates core values – No verbal abuse towards referees – Equal playing time – Playing different positions – Training philosophy • Gives direction or purpose to club members • Posted on club website for all to see Why implement a curriculum guide for your Soccer Club? -Fun Stuff: Coaching the little ones U4-6 by Arne Barez Success in Soccer May 2001 p. 32 YOUTH SOCCER US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 8-9 “A club must have a model for the development of all players. The core for planned development is a sound curriculum. True player development occurs when each player’s daily training and playing environment is of the highest quality.” -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 8 The curriculum should consist of the four components of soccer used to develop player performance. To tie the four components together for both the player and the team as a whole, the principles of play must be evaluated. -Ideas for implementing the US soccer curriculum by Stan Baker. “A curriculum is a plan for teaching the subject. It is an attempt to account for all the learning guided by the coach. The process of learning is made easier if both the coach and the player know what the coach is trying to achieve.” Coach derived objectives Coach’s evaluation of player performance Player’s learning experience Coach’s reservoir of soccer training Soccer Skills Soccer environment Coach’s knowledge of evaluation methods Coach’s knowledge of the game -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 12 Curriculum No lines, no lectures, no laps. Be flexible. Every activity WITH a ball. Know age-group characteristics. How to write a training session plan. “A coach should not feel confined by a curriculum.” -Plan all training sessions in advance. -Every training session: Technical Tactical Physical Competition Age Appropriate Small sided games - Free play - Coach as facilitator -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 12 Small sided game video Curriculum “An integrated club-wide curriculum is the key for optimum player development. There must be a line that connects U-6 to U-19, a line that everyone in the club understands and follows. Without a curriculum, the player development process becomes disjointed, difficult to monitor and evaluate, causing players to graduate with skill gaps. A deficit in one stage of the development process will tend to inhibit acquisition of more complex skills at a later stage.” -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 13 Curriculum Stages for the Ages • U-6 Me and My Ball • U-8 Me and My Partner • U-10 The Start of Us • U12+ Us -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 27 Curriculum U-6 The Fundamental Stage Egocentric - a me, my, mine mentality. Young children do not play together; they play next to one another. -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 55 U-6 Curriculum • Fitness: Introduce the idea of how to warm-up and movement education. Begin education about nutrition with players and parents. Balance, walking, running, how to start and stop, jumping, hopping, rolling, skipping, changing direction, bending, twisting and reaching. • Technique: Dribbling (stop and start) and shooting. Experiment with qualities of a rolling ball. • Psychology: Sharing, fair play, parental involvement, “how to play” and emotional management. • Tactics: Where is the field? The concept of boundary lines, at which the goal to shoot and playing with the ball wherever it may go. *Please note that the components of the game are in a priority order for this age group. -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 56 U-8 Curriculum Igniting the Passion Stage “Igniting a passion for the game must be the number one objective for coaches of this age group. The aim of the coach is to keep their soccer experience fun, enjoyable and to foster a desire to play. This love of the game keeps people in the game for a lifetime.” -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 59 U-8 Curriculum • • • • Technique: Experiment with the qualities of a rolling or spinning ball. Introduce ball lifting, juggling, block tackle, receiving ground balls with the inside and sole of foot, shooting with the inside of the foot, toe passing and shooting and dribbling while changing direction. Introduce the push pass. Fitness: Agility, eye foot and eye hand coordination, balance, leaping, bounding, tumbling, catching, throwing, pulling, pushing, warm-up activities and movement education. Continue education on sports nutrition with players and parents. Psychology: Encouraging working in pairs, sportsmanship, parental involvement, how to play, emotional management, creativity, dynamic activities, participation of all players and a safe and fun environment. There is still a short attention span unless the player has peaked (keep interest high). Like to show what they can do-encourage trying new things. Developing selfesteem – activities should foster positive feed back and attainable positive success. Tactics: Back line and forward line, 1v1 attack and choosing to dribble and pass. Introduce the names of positions (fullbacks and forwards). Institute games of 2v1, 1v2 and 2v2, playing with the ball with a purpose and promote problem solving. *Please note that the components of the game are in a priority order for this age group. -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 61 “If we concentrated less on results at an early age, and more on technical development, and this idea of kids falling in love with the game, they would be much better off…” -John Hackworth, Philadelphia Union U-10 Curriculum The Learning to Train Stage “In this stage children gradually begin to change from being self-centered to self-critical and develop the need for group games. This is a flux phase in a youngster’s soccer career. The motivation to learn basic skills is very high at the age.” -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 64 U-10 Curriculum • • • • Technique: Experiment with the qualities of a bouncing ball and running with ball, passing with the inside and outside of the foot (emphasis on quality push pass), instep drive, receiving ground balls with the instep and outside of foot (body behind the ball), receiving bouncing balls with the instep (cushion) and the sole, inside and outside of foot (wedge), fakes in dribbling and turning with the ball. Introduce heading and crossing. Practice throw-ins. Psychology: Keep soccer enjoyable to foster a desire to play using selfmotivation. Working in groups of three, four or five, stay focused for one entire half. There is an increase in responsibility, sensitivity, awareness of how to win gracefully, fair play, parental involvement, how to play, communication and emotional management. Fitness: Factors are endurance, range of motion flexibility, rhythm exercises and running mechanics. Any fitness activities must be done with the ball. Introduce body resistance exercise and the idea of cool down. Tactics: 1v1 defending, roles of 1st attacker and defender, 2v1 attacking, what it means to get goal-side, small group shape in pairs and threes (emphasize support on both attack and defense), playing on and around the ball as a group with purpose, playing a variety of positions to develop the complete player, introduce the principles of attack and set plays. *Please note that the components of the game are in a priority order for this age group. -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 67-68 U-12 Curriculum For the Love of the Game “Many players at this age are deciding if they want to commit deeply to soccer, stay in the game with a parttime commitment or drop the sport all together.” -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 70 U-12 Curriculum • • • • Technique: Moving throw-in, master the qualities of a bouncing spinning ball. Experiment with the qualities with a flighted ball, feints with the ball, receiving bouncing and air balls with the thigh and chest, first touch receiving, heading to score goals and for clearances while standing or jumping, outside of foot passing, receiving with either foot, short passing with both feet, bending shots, crossing to near post space and penalty spot space and heel and flick passing. Introduce half volley and volley shooting, chipping to pass and slide tackle. Tactics: 2v1 defending, 2v2 attacking and defending, roles of 2nd attacker and defender, man-to-man defense, combination passing, playing on and around the ball as a group with purpose, verbal and visual communication for all positions, halftime analysis, general work on all restarts, wall pass at a variety of angles, passing combinations on the move and rotation of all players through the team everyone plays in each position. Reinforce the principles of defense. Psychology: Keep it fun and enjoyable to foster a desire to play, self-motivation. Focus on teamwork, confidence, desire, mental skills, handling distress, how to learn from each match, fair play, parental involvement and emotional management (discipline). Fitness: Fitness work continues to be done with the ball. Strength can be improved with body resistance and aerobic exercises. Also focus on agility and speed (sharp turn), acceleration, deceleration, reaction speed, range of motion exercises, proper warm-up and cool-down (include static stretching in the cool-down) are highly recommended. *Please note that the components of the game are in a priority order for this age group. -US Youth Soccer Player Development Model pg. 73 Facilities Issues That Can Side-Track Your Curriculum Planning your Season Too much training, too many games, too many tournaments U-6 - 1 day per week, 45 minutes. U-8 - 45-60 minutes U-10 - 60-75 minutes U-12 – 75 minutes U-14 – 75-90 minutes My 10 Rules for every training session Training Session 1. Arrive 20-25 minutes before every session, well groomed and wearing appropriate soccer gear. I have always told my players that if they arrive on time, they are late. They know that means they need to get to training before it is scheduled. (I do realize young players don’t drive themselves ...) When I blow my whistle all my players have water, their socks are pulled up, shin guards on and their shirt is tucked in. They are ready to train. Training Session 2. Check the field to make sure that it is safe to train upon. I always walk around and check all areas of the field and make sure that the goals are properly secured and that there are no holes in the nets. The environment that my players train in must be safe. Training Session 3. Carefully empty the ball bag, bibs and lay out all my cones for that day’s session. I never waste time putting cones down during training. Having cones laid out makes for a smooth transition from one activity to another, saves valuable time, and shows my commitment to the session. We all ask a lot from our players and we must give back just as much. Being prepared for every session is a given. And yes from time to time I will stop play and quickly “adjust” the distance of the cones that I laid out. Training Session 4. I welcome every player with a smile and a handshake. I am a role model. The words I choose when speaking are important. I know that my player’s experience in training and in the games can have a lasting impact on them. Training Session 5. Start every session on time. I bring all my players together and they know that “if I can’t see your face, you are in the wrong place.” I take the sun and position my players so that there no distractions. I give a very brief age-appropriate talk about the day’s activities and off we go. “No lines, no lectures and no laps.” In every session we play small-sided games. I try to have a relaxed tone to my sessions, meaning players are never afraid to make mistakes and are encouraged to “try moves.” Training is where mistakes are made, confidence is born and a love for the game blooms. Training Session 6. Have my training session written down on a notecard that I carry with me. Coaches of all levels across the world carry them. If I need to refer to it, and I often do, it’s there for me. Training Session 7. Deliver coaching points to my players using the PIP method. Positive -- “I loved your run down the flank." Information -“Don’t forget to lock your ankle and get your hips square when shooting.” Positive – “Keep up the good work.” I try to never “over coach,” meaning I don’t stop play often and strive to always have a theme and flow to training. I am always reminded of Alex Ferguson’s quote that “talking too much is a big danger for a coach. The words get lost in the wind.” Training Session 8. Have our assistant coach lead parts of every training session. I value “my colleagues” knowledge and want him to know that I respect his talents. Former Scottish national team head coach Craig Brown spoke at my SFA course and said “I never referred to our assistants as my assistants, but as my colleagues as a sign of respect.” There is no better way to show him (and the players) your confidence in his abilities than to have your colleague lead parts of training. No egos allowed; it’s not about me, but always the team. The beauty of the game is that every coach brings his own style and unique perspectives to training and games. I believe that a player needs to hear different voices throughout his soccer career. Training Session 9. Bring all players together at the end of training and very briefly summarize a few points about the session and make some “house-keeping” points if needed. I always want to leave my players on a positive note. Coming to training and playing the world’s greatest game should always be something that all players relish. I am the last person to leave the field. Training Session 10. Evaluate the session in my Log Book later that day. I grade myself regarding what went well during the session, were my objectives achieved and what could I have done better. We all learn from our mistakes and every coach has had training sessions that they wish they could do over. Even though we have a plan for our training being flexible is important. Sometimes our players lead training in a different direction that is to be expected. I begin to prepare for the next training session. “Let us say that you and I coached two teams with kids that are 10, 11, and 12 years-old and all are about equally good. You try to teach them to play good football, a passing game with tactical basics while I tell mine to only play long balls and try to shoot. I can assure you that at first I will always win against you, by using your mistakes. Intercept a bad pass and goal. If we however continue with the same training methods during a three year period, you will most likely win every game against us. Your players will have learned how to play while mine haven’t. That’s how easy it is.” Laureano Ruiz (Former Head Coach and Youth Academy Coordinator F.C. Barcelona) Coaching in the Game Always remember soccer is a player's game and not a coach's game. Youth soccer must always be about player development and enjoyment. It must never be (just) about winning and losing. Our youth players should never play a game afraid of making mistakes. Unlike other sports, soccer coaches cannot script out the exact play in front of them. Those coaches can signal for a bunt, screen pass or jump shot. We can’t. During the game we should value our player’s creativity, flair and imagination just as much as their hard work and commitment. We must allow our player’s the freedom to think for themselves and display their talents within a team concept without constant harping from the touchline. Coach, but don’t over-coach. Coaching in the Game 4. Keep a small note pad and pen with you so that you can record your observations. This will help you to remember those key points to stress to your team moments before the game, at halftime, after the match and to guide your upcoming training sessions. Note everything from injuries to equipment needs! Coaching in the Game 5. Your notebook pad will ensure that you don’t forget a coaching point during the match. In time, it can grow to become a valuable resource guide. After some reflection, write down additional thoughts about the match later that evening or the next day. Keep your note pad(s) going for all your training sessions as well. Coaching in the Game 6. During the match quietly observe your strikers, midfielders, defenders and goalkeeper. How are my players performing individually? As groups, collectively? Do they complement each other other’s play? What are their technical, tactical and physical levels. How do they (and you) respond to the countless game situations that arise every match such as different scores, formations, styles of play, changing tempos, skill levels, field conditions, and time management, etc. Coaching in the Game 7. Again, how your players respond to what the game presents them will determine the focus of your comments at halftime, after the game, and will be a factor in your preparation for upcoming training sessions. With very young players, your comments are always directed to their ability to master the ball and enjoy the game in safe conditions. Coaching in the Game 8. Explain to the parents at a mandatory preseason meeting that they are not to make negative comments or yell instructions from the touchline during the game. These types of comments serve no purpose and are a distraction to players and coaches and are disrespectful to referees. They also do nothing to promote soccer in this country and make the world’s greatest game less enjoyable for players, coaches and referees. Coaching in the Game 9. At halftime take your players to an area just close enough to your team bench, but where there are no distractions. The coach always takes the sun on his/her face. Don’t speak until you have every player’s undivided attention. As I say to my players, “If you can’t see my face, you're in the wrong place.” Make a few brief points about the first half. Speak slowly and clearly using words your players will understand. The younger the player, the shorter the attention span. Coaching in the Game 10. Be positive. Make sure all players sip water or a sports drink. Stress two or three areas that the team needs to focus on for the second half. Again give good information. Young players tend to have an abundance of emotions and are eager to learn. Give them positive feedback about their play and what they can do to improve it rather then solely a pep talk. Coaching in the Game 11. From time to time players will give a comment or idea at halftime. Respect these comments and the spirit in which they are offered. After all, they are competing on the field and can see things that no one else can. The more our players feel a part of the team the better. If a player is struggling, look to briefly take him/her aside after you have spoken to the team and offer some words of encouragement. It only takes one shot; pass etc. to go from a poor first half to the second-half hero. Coaching in the Game 12. Strive to give all players equal playing time. Gradually rotate your players during the season to different positions. This will (hopefully) force the left-footed players to use their right foot by placing them in a situation that requires them to use their right foot. Rotating your players takes them out of their comfort zone and demands them to think differently about their role on the field. Coaching in the Game 13. Gradually they will begin to better understand the everchanging roles and responsibilities within the game. Rarely does one player play solely one position from youth to senior adult. Some of the world’s best defenders were once strikers, etc. In today’s modern game defenders must be able to attack and strikers must be able to defend. If they have never been exposed to other positions they are being denied a chance to further develop a more well-rounded game. Also for young players it is fun to play new position and this adds to their enjoyment of the sport. Coaching in the Game 14. Are the players communicating or just talking at each other? There is a big difference. We want our players to rapidly communicate valuable information to each other for the entire match. That information must be precise. Many times when things aren’t going well players talk at each other instead of talking to each other. In Scotland they have a saying that when the game ends the players should be “daffy.” Meaning they should be mentally fatigued as well as physically spent. Coaching in the Game 15. Sportsmanship matters. When a player is injured the ball must be kicked out of play immediately. Players should never talk trash. When the game ends everyone shakes hands. This type of behavior promotes the game we all love and want to grow in this country. It also teaches our children valuable life lessons. Inappropriate language and behavior before, during and after the match by coaches, players and parents can never be tolerated. Coaching in the Game 16. Respect the game and everyone associated with it. If a coach is out of control during the match how can we expect his players to play under control? Technical Content and Coaching • The majority of clubs have a consistent system of play, the 4-3-3 being frequently mentioned (52%), followed by 4-4-2 (28%) • 66% of the clubs focus on individual progression rather than team development; however, most training sessions are organized with the team • All clubs have defined learning objectives and most work with 3 age groups: under 12, 13-15 age, 16 and above age group -ECA report on Youth Academies in Europe Technical Content and Coaching • Team sessions: U-12 41-42 weeks, 3x per week 4-5 hrs per week; ages 13-15 44 weeks, 5x per week, 7 hours per week; 16 and above 5x per week, 7-9 hours per week • Individual sessions: U12 once per week, 30-60 minutes and > 12 at least 2x per week, 90 minutes to 2 hours per week • Game time: U12, 22-26 matches of 50-60 minutes; 13-15 age group 30 matches of 70 minutes; above 16 30 official matches 90 minutes • Number of tournaments decrease over the years (from 10 to 6 per year), whilst international tournaments increase (1 to 2 per year) -ECA report on Youth Academies in Europe Parent Education Advice for parents: “Parents are always asking me, ‘Can you watch my boy play? Do you think he can go pro? Do you think he can get a scholarship?’ …They should be more concerned that their children are having fun.” “I go to youth games, U-10, U-11 –in the United States and Mexico - - and the parents are screaming, ‘Go up! Go back! Do this! Do that!” He finishes mimicking the parents’ gestures and shakes his head. - Jorge Campos, Soccer America.com 8-28-13 Educating Parents “We must not forget to make special efforts to educate parents. Those famous rides home in the family car could involve conversations that chip away at the tremendous strides we make in teaching good soccer. Are we able to conduct soccer education for parents? Consider how easier it would be to advance possession – based, risk – taking, attacking soccer without the shouts from the sideline to “Boot it! Get ride of it! Send it!” Can we perhaps add them to our email list so that those who do not prematurely hit the delete button may be exposed to wholesome soccer writings? This also may serve to demonstrate to parents that they play a pivotal roll in the success of their children’s development and a club’s vision.” -The Substitute Coach by Lou Mignone, NSCAA Soccer Journal, Nov./Dec. 2012 p. 54 Educate Parents Communication with parents/guardians: -Coaching clinics -State coaching license programs -Emails -Handouts -Web information Dutch Video 1 1. 2. 3. 4. Quality training for youth players Educating youth coaches Training – “Guiding” the children Coaching in the match: – Before, during and after 5. Age Characteristics 6. Youth Philosophy 7. Website (design your training) Dutch Video 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. FUN Tips for training children Organization of a session Players “Enjoy their soccer” Let players make decisions Age appropriate sessions Continuing education courses for coaches • * You are a role model to your players. The words you choose, your appearance, it all matters. Young players are influenced by their coaches and often continue those same traits if they become coaches. There is no better feeling in life than to have former players come back and thank you for making a positive difference in their life. The major challenge is finding the right balance between technical and tactical development of the players. Within the different age groups with the increasing speed of the game, it is even more important to focus on technical development in all age groups (in the youngest age group, all the individual creativity unwinds through fun and play without coaching interferences, the middle age group sees introduction of more specific technical development for defense, midfield and forward positions and, in older age groups there is more focus on tactical playing systems). Suggested Readings US Youth Soccer Player Development Model US Soccer Curriculum ECA Report on Youth Academies in Europe US Youth Soccer - How to Write a Training Session Plan Implementing a Club Wide Curriculum – by Jacob Daniel, Georgia Soccer Director of Coaching May 2008 Our Competition is the World - Ideas for implementing the United States Soccer Curriculum – by Stan Baker “TRUTHS” about children and sports Fun is pivotal – if it’s not “fun”, young people won’t play a sport. Skill development is a crucial aspect of fun - it is more important than winning even among the best athletes. The most rewarding challenges of the sports are those that lead to self-knowledge. Intrinsic rewards (self-knowledge that grows out of self-competition) are more important in creating lifetime athletes than extrinsic rewards (victory or attention from others). 1 During childhood allow the children to have a good time playing the game while instilling the passion to love playing soccer on their own. Only a passion for the game can lead to success. “Success is something players take ownership of and in time it becomes personally meaningful. Success is a process, not a product. The process of doing one’s best is the key to success. The determining criterion of success is whether a player gave his or her best that day. Doing one’s best is the most important statement a player can make about the importance of an activity and the meaning it has. With years of experience comes self-knowledge and self-awareness. So players learn over time what it means to do your best, to give 100%.” 2 “Winning isn’t everything, but trying is!” -Rainer Martens, sports psychologist --------------------------------------------------------------------1 Ewing, M.E. & V. Seefeldt V. (1990). – American youth sport participation. 2 Fine, Aubrey H., Ph.D. & Sachs , Michael L., Ph.D. – The Total Sports Experience for Kids. Special Thanks Sam Snow – Director of Coaching US Youth Soccer Rick Meana - Director of Coaching NJ Youth Soccer Lou Mignone – Director of Coaching West Orange United FC Steve Davis – Director of Coaching NY Rush Tom Turner – Director of Coaching Ohio North Youth Soccer • “Like any teacher, a soccer coach must decide what skills will be introduced during the year and in what sequence.” • Seasonal Planning Required • Implementing a Club Wide Curriculum (May 2008) Jacob Daniel, DOC Georgia Soccer • ECA • 96 clubs from 41 countries participated in the ECA (European Club Association). • Youth survey. www.ecaeurope.com • “Nurturing talent and future players should be the main role of a club. If each club has its own traditions and if there is no single recipe for success. The case studies clearly show that the most effective Youth Academics are those which pursue their vision and their objective with perseverance. It is not only a question of size; it is a question of spirit and belief.” -ECA report on Youth Academies in Europe
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