INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
NATURE, SOCIETY AND MAN “DUBNA”
DEPARTMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Preprint September 2001 (15 September 2000)
A.M. Chechelnitsky
SOLAR SYSTEM, OUTER HELIOSPHERE:
TRANS-PLUTO ORBITS,
HELIOPAUSE LOCALIZATION,
MEGAWAVE STRUCTURE
Dubna
2001
Chechelnitsky A. M.
Solar System, Outer Heliosphere: Trans-Pluto Orbits,
Heliopause Localization, Megawave Structure.
International University Nature, Society and Man “Dubna”,
Universitetskaja, 19;
Department of Sustainable Development;
141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia;
E’mail: [email protected]
 Chechelnitsky A.M. September 2001 (15 September 2000)
Chechelnitsky Albert Michailovich is an astrophysicist, cosmologist,
expert in space research, theoretical physics, theory of dynamic
systems,
automatic control, optimization of large systems,
econometrics, constructive sociology, anthropology;
COSPAR Associate: Member of International organization Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) - Member of B, D, E Scientific Commissions.
(COSPAR - most competent international organization, connected with fundamental interdisciplinar investigations of Space).
Author of the (Mega) Wave Universe Concept.
Chechelnitsky A.M.
Solar System, Outer Heliosphere: Trans-Pluto Orbits,
Heliopause Localization, Megawave Structure.
ABSTRACT
The alternative purposeful investigations of real existing astronomical
systems in framework of the Wave Universe concept and Wave astrodynamics (see monograph-Chechelnitsky A.M. Extremum, Stability, Resonance in Astrodynamics and Cosmonautics, Mashinostrojenie, 1980, 312
pp. and consequent publications) discovers the astonishing world of new
earlier unknown appearances, phenomena, effects. That is, first of all (in
connection with investigations of the closest and well observed object - the
Solar System) reality of its wave (megawave) structure of quantization "in
the Large" of its dynamical parameters, the order harmony of its natural
rhythms, etc.
Generality and universality of those striking phenomena are verified
also by existence of similar appearances in dynamical structure that were
well observed during "Voyager's" flights to the physically autonomous satellite systems of planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (see - Chechelnitsky A.M. Doklady AN SSSR, v.303, N5, 1988; Reports to World Space
Congress, Washington DC, 1992; Reports to COSPAR Congress, Hamburg, 1994, Birmingham, 1996, etc.), Galileo flight to the Jupiter.
In the frame of new ideas it is discussed the dynamics of small bodies of
the Solar system, dynamics of long-period comets (in particular, of Jovian,
Saturn families), and the megaquantum frankness of the Halley Comet.
It is proposed a principally new general method to determine of the
Magnetopauses of stellar bodies (theory-Jupiter 180.94R(J), Saturn
64.1R(SA), Uranus 23.07R(U), Neptune 28.139R(NE), etc.) and
Heliopause, Trans-Pluto physycally distinguished orbits. Its can be determined in the Solar system (being analized as wave dynamic system WDS) by using the Fine Structure Constant (FSC) - as the nondimansional
megaparameter of Universe.
In the framework of Wave Universe concept may be naturally obtain the
following surpriselly simple analytical and numerical (closed) representation
for the Fine Structure Constant that is proved to be correct by the logics of
the consistent theory (Chechelnitsky, (1986) 1996)
-1 = 239/4/2 = 137.0448088.
There are theoretical reasons to expect, that Heliopause may be found
at the distance a=90.5 AU. It must be expected, that the existence of the
Heliopause at the distance a=90,5 AU will be covered at the begining of
XXI Century.
Preprint
International University Nature, Society and Man “Dubna”
September 2001 (15 September 2000)
Solar System, Outer Heliosphere: Trans-Pluto Orbits,
Heliopause Localization, Megawave Structure
5
It is very difficult to predict something,
Especially - to predict the Future.
Chinese proverb.
HELIOSPHERE AND OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM:
AGENDA FOR BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY
At the frontier of Centuries problems and questions, arised
some earlier [see Chechelnitsky, 1997], as before, no fails its urgency:
# What are real dynamic structure, physical peculiarities and characteristics not only of internal fields of the Solar system, but of the region
which lies beyond the Pluto orbit?
# How far the Heliosphere stretches and what circumstances
determine it's sizes?
# Does such boundary, as Heliopause exist in the Trans-Pluto
region, and (if yes) where exactly is it displaced?
# What certain can be said about geometry and dynamic of potentially possible Trans- Pluto orbits and about existence of some
far celestial bodies?
# Can and must the extremally cometary aphelion distances be
determined by stronger laws - by more exact than now ultimate
representations of amorphous, uncertain Oort Cloud?
And so, what discoveries expect us in XXI Century?
Will they, as usually, be unexpected suprises for the ultimate
theory, capable only for post factum interpretation, or will they be
awaiting experimental and observational confirmations of some
effective, hard - working, "forward looking" system of concepts?
TOWARDS TO STARS
Artificial celestial objects - Pioneer 10, 11 and Voyager 1,2
spacecrafts are more and more departing from the planet where
they were created - to interstellar space.
At 2015 they will be 130 and 111 AU from the Sun.
Taking into account, that in the time of COSPAR Scientific Assembly-1994 (Abstracts,1994) these spacecrafts were positioned
at 55 AU (latitude 32°N) and 42 AU (11°S), it must be expected,
that the distance a=90.447 AU will be covered by them at the be-
6
Chechelnitsky A.M.
gining of XXI Century.
The Theory Which Knows and Predicts
The orbit having such semi-major axis represents the special,
physically distinguished, critical surface - Transsphere and, simultaneousely, is the Heliopause of the Solar system.
This affirmation follows from fundamental ideas of the Wave
Universe concept (Chechelnitsky, 1980-2000).
NEW PARADIGMA –
ALTERNATIVE TO STANDARD SOLAR WIND MODEL.
HELIOSPHERE AND MEGAWAVES
Vacuum or Medium?
Celestial Mechanics Models. According to the formed representations of the classical celestial mechanics, when spacecrafts
overcome giantic astronomical distances they move in vacuum,
effected action only by the World Gravity Law.
Astrophysics Models. Astrophysical information, obtained during the last century, adds to this, that spacecrafts move in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and flow by the Solar wind.
Standard Models of the Solar Wind. The central idea of these
representations (fluid and exospherical models) is idea, according
of which the Solar corona is not in a some hydrostatical equilibrium. By force of this effect it constantly extends in the interplanetary space. The flow of the coronal plasma in vacuum is the well known Solar wind. It is believed, that the extending plasma together with the carring out Solar magnetic field make the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF).
According to such ideas, the representations about structure of
far Solar space regions are developing.
"Heliosphere. Solar wind spreads in the nearby Solar space,
that is accordingly named Heliosphere; it is supposed to be limited
by the Heliopause located at distance (a=) R, where wind pressure
is balanced by pressure in the interestellar space.
The interstellar pressure is caused by joint action of Galaxy
magnetic field, cosmic rays and interstellar gas.
The value R is unknown, but the values R=50-100 AU are often
cited." (Ill. Glossary, 1977).
Solar System, Outer Heliosphere: Trans-Pluto Orbits,
Heliopause Localization, Megawave Structure
7
No Wind - No Heliopause?
Thus, in the discussed, standard, formed system of representations, the genesis of Heliosphere and Heliopause dynamic structure is essentially connected with the stop of the moving flow of
substance and fields on the barrier that has an external - exogenic
origin.
The following question arises. What must or may happen with
the Heliopause, when intensity of the Solar wind flow will decrease
abruptly or fall to zero? Will the Heliopause appear?
It is believed that the idea that translation of substance blown
by the Sun is the fundamental dynamic foundation of the observed
structure and geometry of the Heliosphere and of the Heliopause
existance. But then - remove the Sun wind and an emptiness is
left.
No Wind - No Waves?
Still within the frames of such representations, we must believe
also, that in epoches of extremally low Sun wind the waves in Heliopause don't have to spread, too. Why, the weaker the Sun wind
(translation of mass and fields to large distances) is, the less reason there is to speak about the waves, transferred by them.
According to this logic, when the Sun wind is completely absent,
there is no sense to speak about waves in the remaning emptiness.
Paradoxality of such situation, at least, makes us on the watch.
SOLAR SYSTEM - AS THE WAVE DYNAMIC SYSTEM (WDS)
Not Vacuum - but Stationary Medium
As a matter of fact Solar System on principle, is a Wave Dynamic System (WDS) (Chechelnitsky, 1980) (Fig.1). That means,
also, that in the space between planets there is no emptiness
(vacuum) under any circumstances. In other words, interplanetary
space is constantly filled with medium, cosmic plasma. And this
affirmation is always valid - even then there are no observed Sun
wind flows.
Medium presence is spontaneously connected with the presence of stationary wave structure in it - of standing waves - of superposition of waves (megawaves), that run in opposite directions
(Chechelnitsky, 1984) (Fig.2).
Chechelnitsky A.M.
8
Geometry and dynamics of standing waves - megawave amphydromics - is the constantly existing, stationary, fundamental
foundation (Chechelnitsky, 1984), on which nonestationary transitive processes of matter and elementary particles transfer, of
shock waves spreading, of tangential breaks, of Sun wind flows
take place.
Such physical background, naturally organized cosmic medium
- wave dynamic system (WDS) - is characterized by the observed
stationar physical characteristics and, first of all, by velocity of
small disturbances spreading - (C*) sound velocity of cosmic
plasma [Chechelnitsky, 1986, 1988].
Within the frames of the background ideas (of Wave Universe
concept and Wave astrodynamics) the sufficiently exact values of
interplanetary medium-cosmic plasma physical characteristics are
adjusted and confirmed by the observed data. Thus, within the
frames of the theory representations, the Sun wind in wave dynamic system (Solar system) is the nonstationary process of
spreading of considerable disturbances, of nonstationary run
waves, of shock waves of tangential breaks, of field medium translation on fundamental background ("dynamic framework") of constantly keeping, selfrestoring, stable, stationary megawave structure.
COSMOGRAPHY OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
[0]
Near the Sun. Intra-Mercurian Space. G Shell. "Vulcan" Orbits
The region from the Sun to the Mercury orbits is the space of
[0]
the Solar system G Shell. The geometry of physycally distinguished - elite (dominant) orbits, their arangement consequences
are show in Fig.3.
Orbits of transient small bodies, probably observed in this region ("Vulcan" orbits, Nieto, 1972) in the past, correspond to these
[1]
[1]
more stable orbits. The presense of Transsphere TR* (a* ) at
[1]
the distance a* = 8R from the Sun, ab definitio, coinciding (or
[0]
[0]
close) with elite orbit TR of this G Shell is important.
The identification, conceptual and observing, of this pecular surface plays the extraordinary and heuristic role in the comprehension of the Solar system wave dynamic structure, for the first time
Solar System, Outer Heliosphere: Trans-Pluto Orbits,
Heliopause Localization, Megawave Structure
9
discovering the scale (standard) of the quantization "in the large"
(Fig.2).
[1]
I (Earth) Planetary Group Region. G Shell. The geometry, the
consequence of arrangement of elite (dominant) orbits and observing planets (and asteroids) of this group - Mercury (ME), Venus
(V), Earth (E), Mars (MA), Ceres (CE) - as the brightest representative of the small bodies (astreroids), are given in Fig. 3. The
transponated here (dominant) orbits - analogous to orbits Uranus
(U), Neptune (NE) and Pluto (P) are also shown.
[2]
It is interesting to pay attention to the existence of the TR*
[2]
[2]
(a* ) Transsphere at the distance a* =0.5 AU from the Sun, co[1]
[1]
inciding with the TR elite orbit of this G Shell.
[2]
II (Jupiter) Group Region. G Shell. Besides the regions, directly adjoining gaint planets, which are sufficiently investigated by
Pioneers and Voyagers, it's is interesting to study the general
structure, the order of physically distinguished orbits and, in par[3]
[3]
[3]
ticular, the TR* (a* ) Transsphere position at the distance a* =
6.727 AU from the Sun.
[2]
[2]
It coincides (or is close) with the TR elite orbit of this G Shell
of the Solar system.
Small Bodies of the Solar System.
Megaquantum Frankness of the Halley Comet
The Halley Comet is the most famous and long-time living object among small bodies of the Solar system. Due to the connection with the stability of orbital motion and properties of quantization "in the Large", it is naturally to expect a development of
megawave stability patterns in the special dynamical analysis of
Halley Comet orbits from point of view of the Wave astrodynamics. In fact, it is discovering very bright manifistations of megaquantum effect [Chechelnitsky, 1983] (see Fig. 4).
WHERE THE SOLAR SYSTEM ENDS?
Of course, such a problem is specially attractioning and interesting, when spacecrafts Pioneer 10, 11 and Voyager 1,2 still did't
achieve the intriguing, significant barrier of the Solar system - Heliopause.
10
Chechelnitsky A.M.
Some astrophysicists are inclined to consider the Heliopause as
objectively detectable external boundary of the Solar system. But
astronomers - observers will hardly agree with this conclusion.
Resulting from these and other, more fundamental ideas, it will be
reasonable to suppose, that the region beyond Heliopause also
has very nontrivial properties. Just from the fact that for a long time
it has been considered as inexhaustable reservoure of comet bodies.
Near the Stars. Trans - Pluto Space. Heliopause Region
The prognosis, based upon the conceptions, besides the existence regions – G[1], that is occupied by the space of I (Earth)
group planets, and G[2], that is occupied by the space of II (Jupiter)
group, predicts the existens of at least, Trans - Pluto G[3] Shell and,
probably, the following it G[4] Shell [Chechelnitsky, 1992 a, b, c].
[3]
G Shell. The dominant orbits system in this Trans-Pluto Shell
with using of the (linearsize) distance quantum
[3]
[3] 2
a = K/( C* ) = 6.7276 AU
[s]
[s] 2
in the main approach is as follow (aN =a N /2, K - gravitational
parameter of Sun):
[3]
a = 68.5(70); 90.44; 129.5; 181; 257; 274; 407(403); 495(500);
542(530) AU
[4]
G Shell. In this far region of the Solar system with the usage
of the (linear size) distance quantum
[4]
[4] 2
a = K/(C ) = 90.447 AU
the geometry of dominant orbits (semi-major axes values) seem
as following
a[4] = 921; 1216; 1742; 2433; 3458; 3680; 5474; 6654; 7287 AU
Heliosphere Boundaries. Heliopause
According to the ideas of modern astrophysics, the interaction
of the Sun with interstellar medium, surrounding it, results in formation of the Solar system Heliosphere (that in some sence reminds the well investigated Earth magnetosphere). Depending on
the chosed parameters, it is believed that the bow shock, after
which the Heliosphere begins, can be located at the distance 30 50 AU or 75 - 200 AU.
There are reasons to expect, that the bow shock (and inside it the Heliopause) may be discovered at the heliocentric distance
Solar System, Outer Heliosphere: Trans-Pluto Orbits,
Heliopause Localization, Megawave Structure
11
[Chechelnitsky, 1992 a,b,c]
[4]
[4] 2
a= a = K/(C ) = 90.447 AU,
connected with the Solar system G[4] Shell (Fig. 3, 5).
Trans - Pluto Celestial Bodies
The potentially possible Trans - Pluto celestial bodies most
probably can be discovered on these dominant orbits.
The experience of space researches of the Solar system and
satellite systems of planets (not depending on the succeses in far
celestial bodies continuating search) show, that dominant orbits
are physically distinguished states in many other, fixed by observations, aspects (for instance, - in measurements of energetic proton
count intensity, etc.) [Chechelnitsky, 1992 a].
The Dynamic Regularity of Long –
Period (Trans - Pluto) Comets
Geometry and dynamics of Heliosphere periphery regions, obvious after consideration of Solar system - as of the wave dynamic
system (WDS), essentially determine the geometry and the dynamics of existing and observing in it celestial bodies, in particular,
of long - period comets [Marsden, 1986]
# The existence of periphery Shells of the Solar system cause
the presence of dominant orbits in them.
# With such quantization "in the large" the properties of discretability of array of observing long - period comets and of it's disintegration to compact groups are connected (associated).
In particular, the following assertion is valid.
Suggestion. Compact multitudes - families of long - period
(Trans - Pluto) comets are determined by belonging of its aphelion
distances Q=a(1+e) (e - eccentricity) to semi - major axes a of
physically distinguished - dominant orbits.
MM-analogy:
Isomorphism of Planetary (Solar) and Satellite Systems
The more steady investigation of the more accessible now outer
Shells of satellite systems (large) Planets-giants Jupiter, Saturn,
etc. may give clear, experimentally caused representation about
news, that expect the investigators on the outside of Heliopause,
and about that, how as a matter of fact, Trans-Pluto space of Solar
system is arranged [Chechelnitsky, 1980, 1986, 1992 a, b, c].
Chechelnitsky A.M.
12
Peripheric Bodies of Neptune and Solar systems. Analogy.
Isomorphysm of geometry and dynamics of wave dynamic systems (WDS) give possibility to examine analogous of the wellknown Neptune peripheric satellites - Triton and Nereid, that are
displaced (transponated) to periphery (to Trans - Pluto region) of
the Solar system.
Orbits - Analogous of Triton and Nereid Orbits. Using the
known [Chechelnitsky, 1992 a] values of main quantum numbers N
(normalized sectorial velocities) for Triton (NTT = 24.046) and Nereid (NNR = 25.853), we can be obtain semi-major axes of orbits,
[2]
transponated in the Solar system periphery (in the G Shell,
[2]
a =0.5 AU)
[2]
[2]
2
a (TT)=a* (N /2)=46.0125 AU
a
[2]
(NR)
[2]
2
=a* (N /2)=53.175 AU
Long - Period Cometary Families
The observation information [Marsden 1986, Chebotarev 1965]
about existence of separated, discret multitudes - families of long period comets [Guliev, Dadashov 1989] can be interpreted in connection with nearness of their aphelion distances Q to elite (dominant) values of semi-major axes a (Fig, 5). In particular, Q=47  57
AU cometary set belongs, apparently, to families of transponated
[2]
[2]
orbits a (TT) ~ 46 AU and a (NR) ~ 53 AU. For potentially possible
celestial bodies, moving by that Trans - Pluto orbits on periphery of
[2]
the Solar system G Shell, by analogy with the retrograd motion of
Triton with the i=157 inclination the unusial (out of ecliptic) motion
must expected.
Available observation data, including those connected with motions of small celestial bodies in the Solar system (for instance, with the distribution of semi - major axes and aphelion distances of
long - period comets) [Chebotarev 1965; Whitmire, Matese 1985]
point to the preferable character of dominant orbits.
The data of infrared spacecraft IRAS [Space World, 1984] show
on the existence of dozens of nonidentified cold objects at distances a>6000 AU. Nevertheless, decisive evidences of celestial
bodies existence at far periphery of the Solar system must be
awaited from future purposeful space researches.
Solar System, Outer Heliosphere: Trans-Pluto Orbits,
Heliopause Localization, Megawave Structure
13
Dominant Orbits and Cosmic Plasma Observations
It is interesting to pay attention to some observation data, which
directly point on the existence of physically distinguished belts in
interplanetary (cosmic) plasma. In accordance with expectations of
theory, they coincide with (or are close to) dominant (elite) orbits.
Such is the situation not only in the Solar (planetary) system, but in satellite systems of planets [Chechelnitsky, 1992 a].
Bursts of Comets
This representation opens the possibility to understand some
aspects of cometary bursts phenomenon. It may be asserted, that
comets have a tendency to increase their brightness at transition
[1]
of physically distinguished - dominant orbits in the G Shell of the
Solar system [see also Andrienko 1981].
Doppler Scintillation
Modern space investigations give the new convincing information about interplanetary plasma properties [Woo, Gazis 1993;
Houminer, Hewish 1972; Ananthakrishnan et al., 1980]. For instance, Woo and Gazis (1993) (using the radio-scattering of interplanetary plasma) observed its special regions (belts) with distinctive fluctuations of physical properties (of electron density, etc.). It
may be shown, that discrete set of that belts coincides with domi[0]
[1]
nant orbits of G , G Shells. He pays special attention to the feature in the a ~ 0.5 AU region ("narrow region of enhanced scintillation"). But that is, as a matter of fact, direct confirmation of
[2]
[1]
[1]
Transsphere existence at a* =0.5 AU (TR orbits in G Shell),
which was predicted in the frame of Wave astrodynamics [Chechelnitsky, 1984, 1986 a,b]. No doubt that following investigations
will confirm the existence of physical features at predicted distances (at dominant orbits, Transspheres) in other, more distant
Shells of the Solar system ([Woo, 1993, Fig. 3], Fig. 7).
Mirage of Oort Cloud and Realities of the Trans-Pluto Space
According to this, instead of amorphous, very far and not known
where located Oort Cloud, Wave astrodynamics deals with potentially detectable, really existing wave dynamic structure of outer
regions of the Solar system.
14
Chechelnitsky A.M.
Thus, indefinity and diffusive character of hypotetic Oort Cloud
yield place to definity and non-ambiguity of dynamic structure of
physically distinguished dominating Trans-Pluto space orbits. They
[3]
[4]
belong to the G , G Shells. It is on them that there may be celestial bodies, that are inexhaustible reservoir of "suddenly" appearing
"roaming" celestial bodies - comets. As a matter of fact, these
small celestial bodies so naturally leave the far Trans-Pluto physically distinguished orbits, especially in the extremally caused periods of cosmogenic shocks.
CHELLENGE OF MICRO - MEGA ANALOGY.
MEGAWORLD AND MICROWORLD:
HELIOSPHERE, HELIOPAUSE AND
THE FINE - STRUCTURE CONSTANT
Wonderful surprises are in store for an investigator who consistently goes along the way of MM - analogy (micro-mega analogy)
[Chechelnitsky, 1980]. (Fig.1, 7)
It is known what creative part the analogy of atom model with
astronomical systems structure - Solar system, satellite planet systems, in particular, of Saturn, has played in the construction of
atom model at the begining of the century.
The last quarter of the century is apparently, the time of reverse
homomorphism Atom - Solar system.
Purposeful and consistent investigations, stimulated by MManalogy and by Wave Universe concept, which considers atom
and astronomical systems as wave dynamical systems, lead to the
unexpected, nontrivial consequences.
Some of those are connected with the wave genesis and particular (special) part, which the so called "Fine-Structure Constant"
plays not only in atoms world, but also among giantic astronomical
systems.
Microworld: Quantum Wave Mechanics and
Fine Structure Constant
From all modern theories of microworld - quantum electrodynamics (QED) describes the dynamic structure and the interaction
of elementary particles (photons, electrons, muons) most exactly.
There is the fundamental parameter (coupling constant, interaction parameter), that lies in the basis of that advanced and consis-
Solar System, Outer Heliosphere: Trans-Pluto Orbits,
Heliopause Localization, Megawave Structure
15
tent theory - the Fine Structure Constant (FSC), [Born, 1963].
The theoretical representation of this constant is unknown up till
now. "The Mysterious Number 137" - so titled Max Born the famous paper of 1936 [Born, 1936].
2
The Fine Structure Constant (FSC)  = 2e /hc or nondimen-1
sional number  137 (where e - electron charge, h - Planck constant, c - speed of the light) was introduced in the theoretical physics by Arnold Sommerfeld in 1915 [Sommerfeld, 1973]. That is the
fundamental parameter of the all atomic spectroscopy. At present,
-1
only its experimental value is known ( = 137.036).
Megaworld:
Megaquantum Wave Astrodynamics and Astrophysics:
Earth Orbit and Heliopause
We shall cite only one fragment of the new knowledge [Chechelnitsky, 1996], that is spontaneously connected with discussed
theme - with wave structure, geometry and dynamics of Solar system.
The Assertion
 There is regular connection between planetary orbits arrangement and special critical surface of Solar system - Heliopause location.
 This connection may be presented by using the Fine - Structure Constant, that is considered as megaparameter of astronomical systems.
 In particular, when using the Earth orbit, the following most
a
simple relation between the Keplerian periods of Earth orbit TE =1
and of Heliopause T* is valid:
a
T  STE  861 , S = 2/  2137  861
The appearing from the above relation between semi-major axis
of Earth orbit aE = 1 AU and of Heliopause a* is like this:
2/3
a  S aE = 90.5 AU
These relations reflect the presence of spontaneous and close
connection between Wave astrodynamics (celestial mechanics) geometry and dynamics of regular set of elite (dominante) Solar
system planetary orbits - and geometry and dynamics of Heliopause (of Solar system magnetosphere, or of standing shock
wave of Heliosphere), that is traditionally regarded as an object of
16
Chechelnitsky A.M.
astrophysics.
Theoretical Representations of FSC
In the framework of Wave Universe concept may be naturally
obtain the following surpriselly simple analytical and numerical
(closed) representation for the Fine Structure Constant that is
proved to be correct by the logics of the consistent theory (Chechelnitsky, (1986) 1996)
-1 = 239/4/2 = 137.0448088.
That is fundamental constant not only of microworld (atoms),
but also – of megaworld (astronomical systems) – one of the general nondimensional parameter of Universe.
HELIOSPHERE RHYTHMS
The Earth and cosmic phenomena rhythmicity more and more
becomes the dominante of scientific observations information, inevitably acquiring universality features. According to the fundamental Nature and Cosmos conformities, we must expect also,
that with time the formed "monotone" models of Sun wind will
leave dominating position in astrophysycs. Their place will be inevitably taken by the models which are in definite sense "nonemonotone", among which much attention is paid to the rhythms set
generation, the models, that adequately explain observed variations in time of important Cosmos and environment medium characteristics.
Were Rhytms are Born?
In the utmost short summary, the answer to this question may
sound like this. The rhythms are born not only on Sun [Chechelnitsky, 1986] but also in the very Solar system - in Heliosphere, in all
its Shells.The alternative Wave astrodynamics paradigma proceeds from the essentially differtnt (from the formed) representations [Chechelnitsky, 1980-1996].
Heliosphere - as Cosmic Resonator
If we imagine such wave dynamic system as Solar system such
a giantic wave resonator of astronomical size, then the rhythms,
freguencies, variations of observed Solar system dynamic and
physical characteristics generate only where the main exitation
Solar System, Outer Heliosphere: Trans-Pluto Orbits,
Heliopause Localization, Megawave Structure
17
generator, the central energy origin - the Sun is located, but after
all, are formed by cavity and by Shells of giantic cosmic resonator the Solar system, of the Heliosphere.
The details of such wave (megawave) representations are quite
proofable.
Rhythms and Interaction of Cosmos and Geospheres
(Magnetosphere, Atmosphere, Ocean)
The well - known in the astrogeophysics wide spectrum of periodicities (in particular, the cycles of the Solar activity, Solar oscillations, orbital and rotational motions of celestial bodies, cycles of
geospheres - magnetosphere, atmosphere, ocean, tectonosphere,
etc.) is represented in the framework of the Wave Universe conception and Wave astrodynamics [Chechelnitsky, 1980-1996].
This is a set of rhythms, whose genesis depends on the wave
structure of the Solar system and the existence of a large length
and great periods of waves (megawaves) in the cosmic plasma.
The researches show that this spectrum belongs to the theoretically calculated Fundamental spectrum (of periods) of the Solar
system, namely to its megaspectroscopy.
Fundamental Wave Spectrum of the Solar System
The scheme of astrodynamics levels (Fig. 8) is deliberately represented in the form resembling the scheme of spectroscopic levels of hydrogen-like atom (Bohr - Grotrian diagram). By analogy
with the well-known radiation (wave) series - terms and intercombinations in an atom (Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, etc.series), in the
scheme there are series of wave periods (d - days, a - years) of
the Solar system - terms and their intercombinations between astrodynamics (elite) dominant levels, corresponding to the planets
(the asteroids series - of Ceres - is given conventionally).
Wave resonance
The concept of the wave resonance [Chechelnitsky, 1983,1986,
1992 b, c, d] of the Wave astrodynamics indicates a tendency of
commensurability of wave periods (represented in the Fundamental wave spectrum of the Solar system) with periods of (Keplerian)
orbital, spin, precession - nutation motions and also with nomerous
well-known rhythms of astrogeophysics - with rhythms of Cosmos
and geospheres (magnetosphere, atmosphere, ocean, tectono-
18
Chechelnitsky A.M.
sphere, etc.).
The periodical components of the Fundamental wave spectrum
of the Solar System are found in numerous phenomena of the Solar system - from differential spin of the Sun (commensurability
d
d
with wave periods  = 27 .277- 31 .713), variations of the neutrino
a
flow (Sacuraii, 1971) from the Sun (T=2 .212), Mercury's own spin
d
(T = 58 .68), variations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) (T
d
d
= 27 .277 - 31 .7) - to variations and "seasonel" effects on the
Earth's orbits and cycles (near month, half - year, year, Chandler
term, long terms, etc.) of geospheres - magnetosphere, atmosphere, ocean, tectonosphere (commensurability with wave periods
d
d
d
d
d
a
 = 27 .277-31 .713, 184 .299, 366 .613, 443 .317, 2 .212,
a
10 .194, etc.)
The megaspectroscopy (that is understood in wide sense and
connected with the Fundamental wave spectrum of Solar system)
discovers the new possibility in investigation and interpretation of
rhythms genesis and interaction of Cosmos and geospheres
(magnetospheres, atmosphere, ocean, tectonosphere).
WAVE COSMOGEONOMY
In light of accumulated information it becoms evident that wide
complex of Wave astrodynamics representations can be promote
to the new comprehension of not only special problems of astrodynamics and of celestial mechanics.
The wide set of problems not only of astrophysics, but also of
Earth sciences, including biosphere sciences, can be comprehended in the frameworks of the Wave Cosmogeonomy - that is of
the science about Cosmos and Earth, its interaction. Some representation about its principles, and constructive content following
assertions give [Chechelnitsky, 1992 b, c, d].
Thesises (of the Wave Cosmogeonomy)
(1) The Cosmogenical Induction. Dominate (and, it seems, endogenic) processes taking place in all Shells of Earth (including - in
the Biosphere), in the significant degree, are controlled by the located out of Earth cosmogenical factors.
(2) Wave Channel. The material channel of the short-range action, the energy, impuls, momentum impuls carrier, that realizes
Solar System, Outer Heliosphere: Trans-Pluto Orbits,
Heliopause Localization, Megawave Structure
19
the interaction between processes following in Earth Shells and in
the Solar system, and thus realizes the interaction of endogenic
and cosmogenic factors, is the wave channel.
(3) Fundamental Spectrum and Wave Resonance. The rhythmics of astrophysical, geophysical, biological and another natural
processes corresponds to the rhythmics of the wave processes in
the Solar system, and thus the dominate frequences spectrum of
astrophysics, geophysics, chronobiology belong to the Fundamental Spectrum of the Solar system [see Fig. 8; periods indicate in
days (d). years (a)].
(4) Spectroscopy - Unity and Universality. The spectroscopy
(and megaspectroscopy), corresponding to this Fundamental
Spectrum of the Solar system, is the dynamic basis of existence of
observating spectrums of the cosmogeonomy (astrophysics, geophysics, chronobiology), of theirs unity and universality.
PEERING INTO THE FUTURE
The Time inevitably approaches moments of coming of principally new, critical information that concerns the above discussed
prognoses. The most important part of it, we may hope, Pioneer
10, 11 and Voyager 1, 2 will bring.
Why the assurance, for instance, of detecting the Heliopause
near a ~ 90.5 AU to takes place?
Just because the prognoses of planetary magnetopauses,
based on unity approach of Wave astrodynamics, have already
been prove with convincing accuracy (see Fig. 5). There is no reason for the Sun, as a celestial body, to fall out from the general
regularity.
Meanwhile, it is interesting to observe the very significent simptomatics. From the time of publishing in 1992 the prognosis
(a=90.5 AU), based on theory [Chechelnitsky, 1992 a, b, c] the
clear tendency of bringing together other authors' prognoses
(based on theoretical processing of radioemission observing data)
with indicated above expectation takes place.
If earlier, according to [McNutt 1988, Suess 1990, Passes et al.,
1993] the sizes of heliospheric cavity, connected with inner shock,
varied between 60 and 150 AU, later [Grzedzielsky and Lasarus
1993, Belcher et al., 1993, Steinofson and Gurnett, 1995, Macek,
1996] suppose that already the heliocentric distance to (inner) ter-
20
Chechelnitsky A.M.
mination shock is near D ~ 90 AU. And nevetherless, we must with
impatience expect new data from spacecrafts in XXI Century,
bearing in mind the exhaustable possibilities of Nature, its unimaginable variety.
Because - "Mind faster gets tired to grasp, then Nature - to
supply".
Solar System, Outer Heliosphere: Trans-Pluto Orbits,
Heliopause Localization, Megawave Structure
21
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