Chapter 21
The Habsburg Empire, 1848–1914
Further reading
The two most accessible books on the Habsburg empire in the nineteenth century are A.J.P.
Taylor, The Habsburg Empire (London, Penguin, 1948) and A. Sked, The Decline and Fall
of the Habsburg Empire, 1815–1918 (London, Longman, 1984). Taylor’s book takes a
somewhat jaundiced view of the empire’s prospects, while Sked’s is more optimistic. E.
Crankshaw, The Fall of the House of Habsburg (London, Longmans, 1963), gives a lively
narrative account of the empire, and is particularly good on members of the Habsburg family.
For a fuller account of the empire see C.A. Macartney, The Habsburg Empire (London,
Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969) and its abbreviated version, The House of Austria
(Edinburgh University Press, 1978). A.J. May, The Hapsburg Monarchy, 1867–1914
(Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1951) is particularly strong on social and
cultural aspects of the empire. The empire’s foreign policy is well covered by F.R. Bridge,
From Sadowa to Sarajevo (London, Routledge, 1972). See also Samuel R. Williamson Jr.,
Austria Hungary and the Origins of the First World War, London, Macmillan, 1992. There is
a useful discussion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire between 1867 and 1914 in two articles
by John Garland: ‘The Strength of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1914’, parts 1 and 2, New
Perspective, vol. 3, numbers 1 and 2, September and December, 1997,
www.historyontheweb.co.uk
Web Sites
The two most useful sites are accessible through http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu
under headings for Austria and Serbia, and the linked site Habsburg Source Web Archive.
The Nationalities Problem
Map, Europe 1783–1914, see p. 373
Constitutional arrangements

The Austrian Constitution of 1867

The Hungarian-Croatian compromise, 1868
Both at http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu

Count Beust gives his explanation of the Ausgleich
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1867beust.html
The Near East Crisis, 1875–78

Correspondence respecting affairs in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Count Andrassy to Count
Beust, December, 1875

Correspondence respecting the affairs of Turkey, May 1876. Letter from Lord Odo
Russell (British Ambassador in Berlin) to the Earl of Derby (Foreign Secretary)
http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Main_Page see Serbia

Letters from Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer to W.E. Gladstone, 1875–78

Reports from the U.S. representative in Vienna, June–December, 1877
Both to be found at Habsburg Web Source Archive, via
http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Main_Page see Austria
Articles
John Garland, The Strength of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1914, New Perspective
vol.3, no. 1, vol. 3 no 2. http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~semp/strength1.htm