Name: _________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________ Biology Notes: Chromosomes Directions: Fill in the blanks as we cover the topic in the PowerPoint. Chromosomes • Defined: Tightly __________________________ DNA • _______________________ when cells ________________________ – Chromosomes __________________________ for the __________________________ cells • 2 Parts: 1) Chromatids: 2 ______________________ parts of a chromosome 2) Centromere: __________________________ chromatids together Karyotype • Defined: ____________________of an individual’s ______________________ – Help identify ________________ & ________________________ defects • Size of __________________ pair identifies ____________________ Additional Information
– Same size: XX = __________________________ •
– Different size: XY = __________________________ __________________________ human will have ________________ chromosomes _____________ cell Types of chromosomes • _________________________: chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to gender. - In Humans these are chromosome pairs ________ ‐ ________ • ___________________________: chromosomes that directly control the development of gender (sexual characteristics). - In Humans these are chromosome pair _________ Down Syndrome: What’s Wrong? • Writing notation: – 1st: ____________________ chromosome # – 2nd: ____________________ chromosomes – 3rd: extra ________________ missing • Down Syndrome notation: ___________, ___________, __________ Turner’s Syndrome • Write the notation: ____________, ____________, ____________ Patau’s Syndrome • Write the notation: : ____________, ____________, ____________ Klinefelter’s Syndrome • Write the notation: : ____________, ____________, ____________ Diploid Cells • We inherit ______________ our chromosomes from _____________ parent – (__________ from mom; __________ from dad) •
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Diploid Cells: Cells with ____________________ set of chromosomes –
____________________ chromosomes –
Humans: 23 ___________________; 46 ____________________ Somatic (____________________) cells are ____________________ –
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Ex: Skin, __________________, Nerve, ________________ Cells Created by ____________________ Haploid Cells • Haploid Cells = Cells with _____________ the ___________________ number of chromosomes •
Gametes (________________) are the only ________________ cells –
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Ex: ____________________, ____________________, Pollen Created by ____________________ –
Chromosome number ____________________ by ___________ • How do humans get 46 chromosomes? 1 Minute: Discuss this RAT KARYOTYPE with your neighbor: 1) Gender? ____________________ Number of chromosomes in a… 2) In a somatic cell? ____________________ 3) In a skin cell? ____________________ 4) In a gamete? ____________________ 5) In a diploid cell? ____________________ 6) In a sperm cell? ____________________ 1 Minute: Discuss this GORILLA KARYOTYPE with your neighbor. Number of chromosomes… 1) In a haploid cell? ____________________ 2) Gamete? ____________________ 3) In a muscle cell? ____________________ 4) In a zygote? ____________________ 5) In an egg cell? ____________________ 6) In a somatic cell? ____________________ Additional Information
Review 1) What is the difference between chromatin, chromatids, and chromosomes? _______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Name the location where chromatids connect: ________________________________________________ 3) Examine the karyotype: a) What the haploid number? __________ b) Diploid number? ___________ c) Somatic number? ___________ d) Gamete number? __________ 4) What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes? _______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5) Circle which of the following cells are created by mitosis? Skin Nerve Sperm Brain Kidney Stomach Pollen 6) Circle which of the following cells are created by meiosis? Skin Nerve Sperm Brain Kidney Stomach Pollen 7) Circle which of the following cells are haploid? Skin Nerve Sperm Brain Kidney Stomach Pollen 8) Circle which of the following cells are diploid? Skin Nerve Sperm Brain Kidney Stomach Pollen Use the karyotypes below to answer 8 – 12: 9) A, B, or C: Which karyotype is from a diploid cell? __________ 10) A, B, or C: Which karyotype could be from a muscle cell? __________ 11) A, B, or C: Which two karyotypes could be from a sperm cell? __________ 12) A, B, or C: Which karyotype is from an egg cell? __________ 13) A, B, or C: Which two karyotypes are from a haploid cell? __________