Arthropod Management Tests 2012, Vol. 37
doi: 10.4182/amt.2012.E74
(E74)
TOMATO: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., ‘SecuriTy 28’
ARMYWORM MANAGEMENT ON FRESH MARKET TOMATO WITH FOLIAR APPLIED INSECTICIDES, SPRING
2011
Hugh A. Smith
University of Florida-IFAS
Gulf Coast Research and Education Center
14625 CR 672
Wimauma, FL 33598
Phone: (813) 633-4124
Fax: (813) 634-0001
E-mail: [email protected]
David J. Schuster
E-mail: [email protected]
Steve Kalb
E-mail: [email protected]
Curtis A. Nagle
E-mail: [email protected]
Beet armyworm (BAW): Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)
Fall armyworm (FAW): Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)
Southern armyworm (SAW): Spodoptera eridania (Stoll)
Tomato fruitworm (TFW): Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)
The efficacy of eight foliar applied insecticides was evaluated for armyworm control in tomato at the Gulf Coast Research and
Education Center, Wimauma, FL in the spring of 2011. ‘SecuriTy 28’ transplants were set 1 Apr, 18 inches apart within the row on 8inch-high and 32-inch-wide beds of Myakka fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 21-ft
long row per bed. Plots were spaced 5 ft apart between rows and 7 ft apart within rows. Treatments were replicated four times in a
RCB design. Treatments were applied on 11, 17 and 24 May (60 gpa) and on 3 and 10 Jun (90 gpa) (Table 1) using a 2.5 gal handheld sprayer with a spray wand outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and 45° core. The sprayer was pressurized by CO2 to 60
psi. Fruit from the middle 10 plants of each plot were harvested on 1 and 14 Jun. Fruit in all categories were counted and weighed.
Worm damaged fruit were separated and recorded first, without distinction of the damaging species involved. The remainder of the
fruit were classified as culls, where zippering, cat-facing or blossom end rot were present, or graded for size by machine where extra
large fruit were > 2.75 inches in diameter, large were 2.51 to 2.75 inches in diameter, medium were 2.26 to 2.5 inches in diameter and
small were 2.25 inches or less in diameter. The data were reported as marketable extra large, the sum of all marketable fruit, cull fruit
or worm damaged fruit per 10 plants. The percent of worm damaged fruit by weight and number was calculated [(worm damaged
fruit)/(total fruit)]×100 and transformed using arcsine [√(% of worm damaged fruit/100)] prior to ANOVA. Means were separated by
Fisher’s Protected LSD (P=0.05). Means and LSDs were reported in the original scale.
There were no significant differences among any treatments in total marketable yield on 1 Jun; however, plots treated with either
Coragen followed by MBI-203 or DiPel at 1 lb. yielded the greatest weight of extra large fruit (Table 2). The lowest numbers of worm
damaged fruit occurred with treatments of Agree, Coragen, DiPel alone and alternating with Xentari, and Javelin. The least percent of
worm damaged fruit, by number or weight, in either harvest occurred in plots treated with Coragen (Tables 2 & 3). The greatest
numbers of marketable fruit in the second harvest (14 Jun) occurred with treatments of Agree at 1 lb, Coragen followed by either
MBI-203 or MBI-206, and DiPel at 1 lb. Only treatments of Agree at 1 lb, Coragen followed by MBI-206, and DiPel at 1 lb possessed
weights of marketable fruit significantly greater than in the non-treated check (Table 3). The greatest numbers or weights of
marketable fruit of the total of both harvests occurred in plots treated with Agree at 1 lb, Coragen followed by either MBI-203 or
MBI-206, DiPel at 1 lb, either rate of Javelin, or Xentari at 0.5 lb (Table 4). However, only plots treated with Agree at 1 lb, Coragen
followed by either MBI-203 or MBI-206, or DiPel at 1 lb possessed marketable yield, by number or weight, greater than that in the
non-treated check (Table 4). No phytotoxicity was observed in any of the treatments. This research was supported by industry gift(s)
of pesticide and/or research funding.
1
Arthropod Management Tests 2012, Vol. 37
doi: 10.4182/amt.2012.E74
Table 1.
Date of application (gpa)
Treatment/
a
Formulation
Rate amt
product/acre
Non-treated check
Agree
+ Dyne-Amic
Agree
+ Dyne-Amic
Coragen 200SC
Coragen 200SC
fb MBI-203
+ Induce
Coragen 200SC
fb MBI-206
+ Induce
DiPel DF
+ Dyne-Amic
DiPel DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Javelin
+ Dyne-Amic
Javelin
+ Dyne-Amic
MBI-203
+ Induce
MBI-203
+ Induce
MBI-206
+ Induce
MBI-206
+ Induce
Xentari DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Xentari DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Xentari DF
alt DiPel DF
BAS 310401 100EC
-1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
5.0 oz
5.0 oz
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
5.0 oz
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
1.0 lb.
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb.
0.05% vol/vol
1.0 lb.
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb.
0.05% vol/vol
6.0 qt.
0.5% vol/vol
4.0 qt.
0.5% vol/vol
6.0 qt.
0.5% vol/vol
4.0 qt.
0.5% vol/vol
1.0 lb.
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb.
0.05% vol/vol
1.0 lb.
1.0 lb.
4.0 oz.
11 May
(60)
17 May
(60)
X
X
X
X
X
X
24 May
(60)
3 Jun
(90)
10 Jun
(90)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
a
A ‘+’ sign indicates the products were combined, ‘fb’ followed by, ‘alt’ the products
were alternated in a plan.
2
Arthropod Management Tests 2012, Vol. 37
doi: 10.4182/amt.2012.E74
Table 2.
Earlier yield (1 Jun)/10 plants
Extra large
Treatment/
a
Formulation
Non-treated check
Agree
+ Dyne-Amic
Agree
+ Dyne-Amic
Coragen 200SC
Coragen 200SC
c
fb MBI-203
+ Induce
Coragen 200SC
c
fb MBI-206
+ Induce
DiPel DF
+ Dyne-Amic
DiPel DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Javelin
+ Dyne-Amic
Javelin
+ Dyne-Amic
MBI-203
+ Induce
MBI-203
+ Induce
MBI-206
+ Induce
MBI-206
+ Induce
Xentari DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Xentari DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Xentari DF
alt DiPel DF
BAS 310401 100EC
LSD (P=0.05)
F17,51
P-value
Rate amt
product/acre
No.
-3.8a
1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
3.5a
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
3.5a
5.0 oz
5.0a
5.0 oz
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
10.3a
5.0 oz
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
4.3a
1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol 11.0a
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
4.3a
1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
6.0a
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
7.3a
6.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
4.8a
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
5.5a
6.0 qt
0.5% vol/olv
6.8a
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
5.0a
1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
6.3a
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
3.5a
1.0 lb
1.0 lb
6.5a
4.0 oz
5.5a
-4.6
1.70
0.07
Marketable
Culls
b
Worm damaged
%
d
Wt (lb)
No.
Wt (lb)
No.
Wt (lb)
No.
1.5c
15.5a
4.6a
18.0a
2.5a
28.8bc
47.2a-e
4.1a-d
38.2a-c
1.6c
13.5a
4.3a
13.5a
2.9a
12.0e-g
29.0d-g
2.5d-f
23.8cd
1.5c
2.1c
12.5a
13.0a
3.9a
4.4a
13.5a
7.0a
2.5a
1.5a
9.3e-g
1.0g
34.0c-g
5.7hi
1.7fg
0.3g
29.7b-d
5.0ef
4.2ab
24.5a
8.1a
21.0a
4.5a
1.5fg
2.9i
0.4g
3.0f
1.7c
10.8a
3.6a
15.0a
3.3a
1.0g
3.6i
0.3g
4.0ef
4.9a
25.8a
9.0a
16.8a
3.8a
12.3e-g
22.8fg
2.3ef
16.0de
1.9c
10.8a
3.7a
9.5a
1.6a
15.0de
41.3b-f
2.7c-f
34.4a-c
2.6bc
17.3a
5.8a
14.8a
2.5a
7.8e-g
19.7g
1.1fg
12.2de
3.1a-c 17.8a
6.0a
15.8a
3.3a
11.5e-g
21.9gh
2.4ef
17.7de
1.9c
15.3a
4.8a
17.3a
3.2a
27.5bc
51.9a-c
4.2a-c
42.7a-c
2.4bc
13.8a
4.7a
15.5a
2.1a
37.3ab
54.5ab
5.5ab
44.5ab
3.0bc
16.8a
5.5a
9.0a
1.7a
25.3cd
50.6a-d
4.4ab
39.2a-c
2.1c
20.8a
6.6a
11.5a
2.3a
31.3a-c
54.4ab
4.4ab
41.9a-c
2.5bc
13.3a
4.6a
17.0a
3.0a
26.5b c
47.8a-e
3.8b-e
34.5a-c
1.5c
13.3a
4.0a
11.5a
2.5a
24.3cd
51.1a-c
4.3a-c
42.5a-c
2.8bc
2.6bc
1.9
18.0a
11.0a
15.2
5.9a
4.2a
4.3
13.8a
8.3a
9.0
2.6a
1.4a
2.1
12.8ef
41.3a
11.3
29.2e-g
66.3a
19.5
2.7c-f
5.8a
1.7
24.6b-d
51.5a
18.3
1.97
0.03
0.67
0.82
0.95
0.52
1.40
0.18
1.26
0.26
9.83
<0.0001
9.75
<0.0001
8.38
<0.0001
7.54
<0.0001
a
%
d
Wt (lb)
Means within columns not followed by the same letter are significantly different using Fisher’s Protected LSD (P=0.05.) A ‘+’ sign
indicates the products were combined, ‘fb’ followed by, ‘alt’ the products were alternated in a plan.
b
Worm damaged fruit were not included in ‘culls’.
c
MBI-203 and MBI-206 were applied three times, weekly, beginning 2 wks after the application of Coragen.
d
Percent values were transformed using arcsine[√(%x/100)] prior to ANOVA; non-transformed means were reported.
3
Arthropod Management Tests 2012, Vol. 37
doi: 10.4182/amt.2012.E74
Table 3.
Later yield (14 Jun)/10 plants
Extra large
Treatment/
a
Formulation
Non-treated check
Agree
+ Dyne-Amic
Agree
+ Dyne-Amic
Coragen 200SC
Coragen 200SC
fb. MBI-203c
+ Induce
Coragen 200SC
fb. MBI-206c
+ Induce
DiPel DF
+ Dyne-Amic
DiPel DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Javelin
+ Dyne-Amic
Javelin
+ Dyne-Amic
MBI-203
+ Induce
MBI-203
+ Induce
MBI-206
+ Induce
MBI-206
+ Induce
Xentari DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Xentari DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Xentari DF
alt DiPel DF
BAS 310401 100EC
LSD (P=0.05)
F17,51
P-value
Rate amt
product/acre
-1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
5.0 oz
5.0 oz
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
5.0 oz
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
6.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
6.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
1.0 lb
1.0 lb
4.0 oz
--
Marketable
Culls
Wt (lb)
No.
b
Worm damaged
No.
Wt (lb)
No.
Wt (lb)
No.
18.3a
8.3a
114.8ef
36.0cd
18.8a
6.4a
44.3a-c
28.8a 13.6a
172.0a-c
54.4ab
41.8a
12.7a
17.5a
10.8a
8.2a
8.6a
131.3d-f
141.3b-e
34.6cd
46.1a-c
23.5a
32.8a
15.8a
7.0a
165.5a-d
47.7a-c
22.3a 10.3a
188.3a
29.0a 13.4a
16.8a
17.3a
%
d
d
Wt (lb)
%
24.2a
11.0ab
20.1a
16.0b-f
6.6e
4.5c-f
6.1de
7.2a
10.0a
14.0c-f
0.8f
8.6de
0.5f
4.3c-f
0.2f
8.8c-e
0.5f
38.0a
11.5a
0.5f
0.3f
0.1f
0.2f
55.2a
42.5a
13.1a
0.8f
0.3f
0.3f
0.4f
174.8ab
55.1a
34.0a
11.3a
13.3d-f
6.1e
3.9d-f
5.3e
7.3a
125.3ef
37.1cd
29.5a
9.8a
24.3b-f
14.4b-d
7.1b-e
13.9a-c
8.0a
150.5b-e
45.4a-c
31.8a
9.8a
9.3ef
4.9e
2.5ef
4.3e
26.3a 12.9a
148.0b-e
48.2a-c
24.5a
7.8a
19.5b-f
10.1c-e
5.2c-f
8.6c-e
16.5a
7.5a
96.5f
30.6d
38.5a
8.4a
41.3a-d
22.6ab
9.6a-c
19.2ab
14.5a
6.7a
117.0ef
35.0cd
24.0a
7.8a
33.8b-e
19.4a-c
8.9a-c
17.1ab
23.0a 10.9a
126.0ef
41.6a-d
34.8a
12.3a
39.3b-e
20.8a-c
9.7a-c
16.4a-c
13.3a
116.5ef
44.3a-d
23.5a
10.1a
71.3a
28.9a
24.0a 11.4a
135.5c-e
42.5a-d
28.0a
8.9a
21.8b-f
11.5c-e
6.5b-e
10.8b-d
20.8a
9.9a
150.3b-e
47.9a-c
27.3a
8.8a
34.3b-e
16.4a-d
9.6a-c
14.7a-c
15.0a
20.5a
15.0
7.3a
9.9a
6.8
135.0de
121.5ef
37.0
41.3a-d
40.7b-d
14.0
33.0a
26.0a
17.5
10.3a
8.7a
5.2
19.5b-f
45.8ab
30.5
10.2de
23.8ab
11.0
5.0c-f
12.8a
5.7
8.7c-e
20.8a
8.4
0.98
0.49
0.96
0.52
2.14
0.02
1.22
0.29
1.08
0.40
3.07
0.001
11.28
<0.0001
4.53
<0.0001
11.98
<0.0001
6.1a
3.46
0.0003
14.1a
a
20.6ab
Means within columns not followed by the same letter are significantly different using Fisher’s Protected LSD (P=0.05.) A ‘+’ sign
indicates the products were combined, ‘fb’ followed by, ‘alt’ the products were alternated in a plan.
b
Worm damaged fruit were not included in ‘culls’.
c
MBI-203 and MBI-206 were applied three times, weekly, beginning 2 wks after the application of Coragen.
d
Percent values were transformed using arcsine[√(%x/100)] prior to ANOVA; non-transformed means reported.
4
Arthropod Management Tests 2012, Vol. 37
doi: 10.4182/amt.2012.E74
Table 4.
Total Yield (1 Jun + 14 Jun)/10 plants
Extra large
Treatment/
a
Formulation
Non-treated check
Agree
+ Dyne-Amic
Agree
+ Dyne-Amic
Coragen 200SC
Coragen 200SC
c
fb MBI-203
+ Induce
Coragen 200SC
c
fb MBI-206
+ Induce
DiPel DF
+ Dyne-Amic
DiPel DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Javelin
+ Dyne-Amic
Javelin
+ Dyne-Amic
MBI-203
+ Induce
MBI-203
+ Induce
MBI-206
+ Induce
MBI-206
+ Induce
Xentari DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Xentari DF
+ Dyne-Amic
Xentari DF
alt. DiPel DF
BAS 310401 100EC
LSD (P=0.05)
F17,51
P-value
Rate amt
product/acre
-1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
5.0 oz
5.0 oz
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
5.0 oz
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
6.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
6.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
4.0 qt
0.5% vol/vol
1.0 lb
0.05% vol/vol
0.5 lb
0.05% vol/vol
1.0 lb
1.0 lb
4.0 oz
--
Marketable
Culls
b
Worm damaged
d
Wt (lb)
73.0a-c
30.4ab
15.1ab
15.6a
28.0e-g
9.6f
7.0d-f
8.1f
37.0a
39.8a
9.7a
11.4a
23.3e-g
1.8g
12.1ef
1.0g
6.0d-f
0.5f
10.6ef
0.9g
55.7ab
59.0a
16.0a
2.0g
0.8g
0.6f
0.7g
199.0a
58.8ab
57.5a
16.3a
1.8g
0.7g
0.6f
0.7g
40.0a 18.3a
200.5a
64.1a
50.8a
15.1a
25.5e-g
9.3f
6.2d-f
7.1f
21.0a
136.0de
40.8c-e
39.0a
11.3a
39.3c-f
19.0de
9.7b-e
16.4b-e
23.3a 10.6a
167.8a-d
51.2a-d
46.5a
12.2a
17.0fg
7.3f
3.6ef
5.3f
33.5a 16.0a
165.8a-d
54.1a-c
40.3a
11.1a
31.0d-g
12.5ef
7.6c-e
10.1ef
21.3a
9.4a
111.8e
35.3e
55.8a
11.6a
68.8a-c
29.4a-c
13.9a-c
23.3ab
20.0a
9.1a
130.8de
39.7c-e
39.5a
9.9a
71.0a-c
28.9a-c
14.4ab
22.1a-c
29.8a 13.9a
142.8de
47.2b-e
43.8a
14.0a
64.5b-d
26.9a-d
14.1a-c
19.9a-c
18.3a
8.1a
137.3de
50.9a-d
35.0a
12.4a
34.0ab
18.6a
22.5a-c
30.3a 13.9a
148.8c-e
47.1b-e
45.0a
12.0a
48.3c-f
19.5c-e
10.4b-d
14.3c-e
24.3a 11.4a
163.5a-d
51.9a-d
38.8a
11.4a
58.5b-e
22.5b-d
13.9a-c
18.2a-d
21.5a 10.0a
26.0a 12.5a
15.2
6.9
153.0b-d
132.5de
40.3
47.1b-e
44.9b-e
14.7
46.8a
34.3a
18.2
13.0a
10.1a
5.6
32.3d-g
87.0ab
35.3
13.6ef
34.1a
10.2
7.7c-e
18.6a
6.6
11.0d-f
25.2a
8.0
2.30
0.01
1.58
0.10
1.27
0.25
5.90
<0.0001
17.47
<0.0001
6.46
<0.0001
15.64
<0.0001
No.
Wt (lb)
No.
22.0a
9.8a
130.3de
40.6c-e
36.8a
8.9a
32.3a 15.2a
185.5a-c
58.6ab
55.3a
21.0a 9.7a
15.8a 10.7a
143.8de
154.3b-d
38.5de
50.5a-d
26.0a 11.2a
190.0ab
26.5a 12.0a
1.29
0.24
9.2a
1.28
0.24
3.24
0.0006
Wt (lb)
No.
Wt (lb)
No.
102.5a
%
a
%
23.3ab
Means within columns not followed by the same letter are significantly different using Fisher’s Protected LSD (P=0.05.) A ‘+’ sign
indicates the products were combined, ‘fb.’ followed by, ‘alt.’ the products were alternated in a plan.
b
Worm damaged fruit were not included in ‘culls’.
c
MBI-203 and MBI-206 were applied three times, weekly, beginning 2 wks after the application of Coragen.
d
Percent values were transformed using arcsine[√(%x/100)] prior to ANOVA; non-transformed means were reported.
5
d