The Return of Sec.onalism and the Rise of Andrew Jackson Unit 4, Lesson 4 Essen.al Idea •  Sec.onalism returned as the country expanded and evolved and when Andrew Jackson rose to power. Era of Good Feelings? •  Misnomer? •  Even during the “Era of Good Feelings,” signs of sec.onalism arose •  Sec.onalism-­‐ growing separa.on and tension between the North and South (and West) North vs. South: Federal Power • 
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Issue #1: Federal Power North’s View: Strong federal government, weak state governments South’s View: Weak federal government, strong state governments Why Sec.onalism Increased: John Marshall’s rulings strengthened federal power over states The South feared a strong federal government threatened slavery North vs. South: Vision for Country Issue #2: Vision for Country North’s View: Economy based on manufacturing and commerce •  South’s View: •  Economy based on agrarianism—
especially slavery-­‐
based coZon • 
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North vs. South: American System •  Why Sec.onalism Increased: •  Federal policies, like the American System, favored manufacturing and commerce •  The South and West did not trust the BUS •  The South hated protec.ve tariffs and had fewer internal improvements North vs. South: Westward Expansion • 
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Issue #3: Westward Expansion North’s View: Did not want slavery to expand westward South’s View: Wanted slavery to expand westward Why Sec.onalism Increased: North and South disagreed on future of slavery in America Imbalance between free and slave states would allow one side to dominate in Congress The Missouri Compromise (1820) • 
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Conflict: Missouri wanted to be admiZed as a slave state, which would upset the balance Tension rose because this would upset the free/slave state balance in Congress Compromise: Missouri Compromise Proposed by Henry Clay, the “Great Compromiser” The Missouri Compromise (1820) • 
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Terms: Part 1: Missouri admiZed as a slave state, Maine admiZed as a free state Effect: Free and slave states stayed equal in number Part 2: 36’30⁰ Line-­‐ divided the rest of the Louisiana Territory Future state above the line would be free Future states below the line would be slave Effect: Issue of slavery in the West temporarily seZled, easing tension Elec.on of 1824 •  Major Candidates in 1824: •  Andrew Jackson-­‐ “Old Hickory,” the war hero •  John Quincy Adams-­‐ •  Henry Clay-­‐ “Great Compromiser,” developer of the American System The Elec.on Hits a Snag •  Ini.al Results: •  Jackson won the most electoral votes, but no one won the MAJORITY •  The elec.on was decided in the House of Representa.ves The “Corrupt Bargain” •  The “Corrupt Bargain:” •  In the House, Clay gave his votes to Adams, who became president •  Adams made Clay his secretary of state •  Jackson was furious and called it a “corrupt bargain” Poli.cal Par.es Return •  Poli.cal Par.es Return: •  The Democra.c-­‐Republican party split •  The two-­‐party system and poli.cal tension returned •  New Party: •  Democrats •  Supported: •  Andrew Jackson •  Loca.on of Supporters: •  South and West •  Government Power: •  Weak federal, strong states Poli.cal Par.es Return • 
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New Party: Whigs Supported: Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams Loca.on of Supporters: North Government Power: Strong federal, weak states Universal White Male Suffrage •  Universal White Male Suffrage: •  From 1824 to 1828, many states dropped their property requirements for vo.ng •  Consequences: •  Universal White Male Suffrage-­‐ white men, even poor (“common”), could vote •  This gave the “common man” more influence in elec.ons •  The common man loved Andrew Jackson • 
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Elec.on of 1828 Candidates in 1828: Democrats-­‐ Andrew Jackson Whigs-­‐ John Quincy Adams Impact of Universal White Male Suffrage: Jackson got more votes than in 1824 because he appealed to the common man, who could now vote Candidates had to campaign for the first .me to aZract votes from the common man Mudslinging-­‐ candidates used nega.ve cri.cism of each other to aZract votes Elec.on of 1828 •  Results: •  Jackson won easily •  Sec.onalism returned to poli.cs •  Jackson’s elec.on helped usher in the “Era of the Common Man”