BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham International Migration Migration overview Migration, broadly defined as a change in a person’s usual place of residence, is an important contributor to population and social change. The office for National Statistics (ONS) publishes estimates for internal and international migration for local authorities in England & Wales. There is no comprehensive system for monitoring migration and it is necessary to draw on several data sources. Long‐term migrants, those staying for a year or more, are of the greatest interest for estimating the population. Nevertheless, short‐term migrants can have major impacts on the economy, communities and public services. Migration can be divided into moves across national boundaries (international) and within a country (internal). Net migration is the balance between migration to and from an area. In 2012‐2013 ONS estimated that net international migration was around +3,400 in Birmingham (Table 1). This consisted of 12,000 in‐migrants and 8,600 out‐migrants. The 2011 Census estimated that there were 5,100 short‐
term migrants 1 internal migration resulted in a net loss of ‐5,600 in population. Overall, there was a net decrease in 2012‐2013 population (‐2,200) due to migration. Table 1: Migration components of change in Birmingham's population 2011‐2013 (thousands) start year 2011 2012 2011 end year 2012 2013 2013 Migration within UK International migration other changes in 42,300 40,800 83,200 out 45,500 46,500 92,000 net ‐3,200 ‐5,600 ‐8,800 in 11,700 12,000 23,700 out 7,000 8,600 15,600 net 4,700 3,400 8,100 ‐0 100 100 Total migration & other changes net 1,500 ‐2,200 ‐700 Source: Office for National Statistics, Crown Copyright 2014 Rounded to the nearest 100
Figure 1 shows that internal out migration has increased while international in‐migration has decreased. This has resulted in a small overall reduction in population through migration. Figure 1: Birmingham migration 2011‐2013
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
‐2,000
‐4,000
‐6,000
‐8,000
2011‐12
within UK
2012‐13
International
net
1. A non‐UK born short‐term resident is defined as anyone living in England and Wales who was born outside the UK, who intended to stay in the UK for a period of between 3 and 12 months. Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham Migrant applications to work in the UK The department for Works and Pensions (DWP) publishes data on National Insurance Numbers (NINos) allocated to non‐UK nationals. National Insurance numbers are compulsory for people who wish to work in the UK, regardless of the length of employment. National Insurance numbers issued to foreign workers give an indication of migration changes. However it does not provide a reliable or complete measure on the number of international migrants. The total number of NINo registrations to adult overseas nationals entering the UK in 2012/13 was 562 thousand, a fall of 39 thousand (6%) on the previous year. Within the European Union registrations increased by 35 thousand (10%) on the previous year, while outside of the Union registrations decreased by 74 thousand (29%) on the previous year. Where National Insurance numbers were issued to foreign workers during 2012/2013? Table 2 shows the regional share of National insurance number allocation to foreign nationals in 2012/2013. London was the most popular region with foreign workers with 40% of registrations, Northern Ireland and the North East were the least popular, both with 1% each. The West Midlands region was home to 6.6% of National Insurance Number allocations to foreign nationals. Table 3 shows that Birmingham was the highest ranking local authority outside of London with 10,750 NINo registrations between 2012 and 2013. The only other local authorities outside of London featuring in the top 20 were Edinburgh, Manchester and Glasgow. Table 2: National Insurance numbers issued to foreign
Table 3: National Insurance Numbers issued to foreign nationals 2012‐2013 – Regions nationals 2012‐2013 – Local Authorities Region London South East East of England North West West Midlands Scotland Yorkshire and The Humber East Midlands South West Wales North East Northern Ireland Overseas Residents Source: Department for Works and Pensions, Crown Copyright 2014 thousands
225.82 63.36 42.09 37.51 37.31 37.17 30.61 30.05 28.51 10.92 8.03 7.80 2.92 Local Authority Newham Tower Hamlets Brent Haringey Southwark Westminster Birmingham Lambeth Ealing Waltham Forest Edinburgh
Manchester Camden Barnet Wandsworth Hammersmith and Fulham Islington Hackney Hounslow Glasgow City thousands
16.16
14.82
14.49
11.85
10.83
10.76
10.75
10.62
10.60
10.55
10.53
9.69
8.59
8.30
8.29
8.19
7.91
7.55
7.28
6.89
Source: Department for Works and Pensions, Crown Copyright 2014 Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham Where did migrant National Insurance applicants come from? Figure 2: Figure 3: National Insurance numbers to overseas Nationals 2012 to 2013 ‐ Birmingham 12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
EU
non EU
Source: Department for Works & Pensions, Crown Copyright 2014
Figure 3 shows that the last two years have seen a decline in non‐EU NINos issued in Birmingham while EU applications are rising. Two factors thought to be influencing the trends in terms of NINo registrations across different Nationalities / world areas are:  The restrictions placed of non‐EEA workers and students  High unemployment rates, particularly from countries most severely impacted by the euro zone Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham Where did migrant National Insurance applicants come from? Table 4: National insurance numbers allocated in Birmingham to overseas nationals Country
Pakistan
Poland (Joined EU in 2004)
India
Spain
Romania (Joined EU in 2007)
China Peoples Rep
Italy
France
Netherlands
Rep of Lithuania (Joined EU in 2004)
Rep of Latvia (Joined EU in 2004)
Bangladesh
Portugal
Nigeria
Czech Rep (Joined EU in 2004)
Hungary (Joined EU in 2004)
Slovak Rep (Joined EU in 2004)
Iran
Greece
Rep of Ireland
2002/3
1,631
48
692
66
12
311
44
137
249
8
0
426
59
119
15
7
6
206
70
98
2003/4
1,269
95
806
74
23
520
59
155
316
16
5
373
76
132
6
8
13
153
76
136
2004/5
1,357
683
700
99
20
395
60
170
367
75
34
356
74
145
75
30
160
142
43
118
2005/6
1,387
2,472
921
94
20
347
82
186
304
152
137
371
77
175
125
90
351
251
50
117
2006/7
1,789
4,246
1,262
149
32
390
111
294
287
214
161
475
112
238
136
115
534
119
54
120
2007/8
1,741
3,217
1,164
108
133
440
95
309
233
155
87
413
93
267
151
137
498
125
74
89
2008/9
1,860
2,076
1,171
146
289
636
143
363
225
180
133
404
136
339
181
136
433
156
50
136
2009/10
1,485
1,029
1,787
123
265
509
98
279
172
226
266
597
85
360
158
89
279
165
41
100
2010/11
2,625
1,262
2,345
247
360
820
165
331
240
403
397
615
112
398
204
113
314
450
72
188
2011/12
3,026
1,246
1,470
331
311
662
208
320
212
350
315
329
151
369
192
173
230
194
85
169
2012/13
1,442
1,431
827
429
395
392
298
297
257
251
249
240
235
231
224
224
191
187
169
167
Total change change 2002/3 to 2002/3 to 2011/12 ‐ 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13
19,612
‐189
‐1,584
17,805
1,383
185
13,145
135
‐643
1,866
363
98
1,860
383
84
5,422
81
‐270
1,363
254
90
2,841
160
‐23
2,862
8
45
2,030
243
‐99
1,784
249
‐66
4,599
‐186
‐89
1,210
176
84
2,773
112
‐138
1,467
209
32
1,122
217
51
3,009
185
‐39
2,148
‐19
‐7
784
99
84
1,438
69
‐2
Europe ‐ EU excluding Accession Countries : (EU14) Founder members: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Spain, Sweden
Europe ‐ EU Accession Countries from 2004 Joined the EU 1st May 2004: (EU8) Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Republic of Latvia, Republic of Lithuania, Poland, Slovak Republic, Republic of Slovenia. Cyprus and Malta (Joined the EU 1st May 2004 but not referred to as part of the EU8)
Joined the EU 1st January 2007: (EU2) Bulgaria, Romania
Europe – Non EU: European countries that are not members of the EU at 1st April 2013. For the purpose of these statistics, this includes Croatia, who joined the EU in July 2013 – outside the
reporting period for this report.
Note : European Economic Area (EEA) comprises of the member states of the European Union plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway
Source: Departmetn of Works and Pension, Crown Copyright 2014
Table 4 shows the top ten nationalities ranked by 2012/2013 National Insurance registrations to foreign workers. Pakistan provided the highest number of registrations until 2005 when following the expansion of the EU in 2004 Poland provided the highest number of registrations. However, since 2009/2010 Pakistani registrations once again outnumber the Polish. Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham Other migration indictors Flag4’s are codes the NHS use to identify records where someone registering with a NHS G.P was previously living overseas. In 2009/10 there were over 15,000 Flag 4 registrations. Figure 4 shows how numbers have been increasing since 2001, except for dips in 2003/4 and 2008/9. number of registrations
Figure 5: 2001‐2010 Birmingham FLAG 4 GP registrations 16,000
15,000
14,000
13,000
12,000
11,000
10,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Table 5 shows that there were 6,811 births to foreign born mothers in 2013, this is down slightly at 0.3% over the previous year but up 54.6% since 2001. The greatest numerical increase was among African‐born mothers, while there has been rapid growth in births to mother from new EU countries. Unfortunately there is no information on the mother’s date of entry to the UK. It is not possible to use this data to estimate migration, however, it illustrates the indirect, demographic effects of international migration.
1
Table 5:Live births (numbers): birthplace of mother and area of usual residence Birmingham 2001-2013
All
Birthplace of Mother
live
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Total 2001-2013
Difference
between 2001 &
2013
% Difference
Outside UK
Rest
of
World
births
United
Kingdom
Total
EU
New
2
EU
Europe
(non
EU)
14,426
14,597
15,324
15,720
15,893
16,287
16,975
17,311
17,329
17,240
17,423
17,766
17,421
10,021
9,827
10,179
10,340
10,184
10,359
10,659
10,668
10,630
10,695
10,743
10,932
10,609
4,405
4,770
5,145
5,380
5,709
5,928
6,316
6,643
6,699
6,545
6,680
6,833
6,811
203
202
208
214
304
379
490
576
653
733
800
894
986
26
38
40
63
109
185
313
383
455
531
579
667
762
79
76
68
85
73
66
72
71
62
72
70
91
93
3,531
3,706
3,768
3,811
3,965
3,994
4,167
4,351
4,302
4,127
4,168
4,175
4,062
333
467
690
895
981
1,104
1,226
1,284
1,319
1,318
1,319
1,341
1,379
259
319
411
375
386
385
361
361
363
295
323
332
291
213,712
135,846
77,864
6,642
4,151
978
52,127
13,656
4,461
2,995
20.8%
588
5.9%
2,406
54.6%
783
385.7%
736
2830.8%
14
17.7%
531
15.0%
1,046
314.1%
32
12.4%
Asia
Africa
3
1 Country Code Listing of country classifications and grouping available by contacting [email protected]
2 The 'New EU' constitutes the twelve countries which have joined the European Union since 2004. The twelve countries which
have joined the European Union since 2004 are included in both the New EU and the EU column.
3 Rest of the World includes those records where the mother's country of birth was not stated.
4 This table excludes births to mothers whose usual residence was outside of England and Wales
Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS)
Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham Other migration indicators
Figure 6: Full‐time students# born outside the UK by country of birth
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
overseas students
Ireland
Accession
Countries
Rest of
Europe
Africa
Middle
East &
Asian
Americas
&
Caribbean
Other
countries
296
2,266
3,198
6,315
16,058
1,898
114
# aged over 16 years, Source: 2011 Census Student flows form a major part of migration to, from and within Birmingham. Movements tend to be cyclical, leading to higher rates of turnover, but not necessarily growth in the population. There were 107,735 students aged 16 years and over living in Birmingham, the majority (77,590) were UK born. Figure 5 shows the country of birth of overseas born full‐time students. Figure 6 shows the origin of foreign born students (30,145) by world region. The majority were born in the Asia and Middle East (53%), followed by African (21%). Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham What does the 2011 Census tell us about Migration? The 2011 Census refers to more than one definition of an international migrant. The analysis in the following section defines an international migrant as someone who was born overseas. How many people living in Birmingham were born abroad? According to the 2011 Population Census, 22.2% (238,313) of Birmingham’s population were born abroad. This figure shows that the majority of Birmingham residents were born in the UK, although at 77.8%, this is below the national (86.2%) and West Midlands (88.8%) averages. When did migrants living in Birmingham arrive in the UK? Less than 10% (20,100) of Birmingham residents born abroad arrived in the UK before 1961, while 45% (106,272) arrived between 2001 and 2011. The 70’s, 80’s and 90 saw on average 27,000 people arriving each decade. Figure 7: Year of arrival to the UK ‐ Birmingham residents born abroad Source: 2011 Census, Crown Copyright 2014 Age structure of foreign born residents compared with those born in the UK Figure 8: Age structure of UK born compared with non‐UK born
25.0
percentage
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
90 and over
85‐89
75‐84
born in the UK
65‐74
60‐64
45‐59
30‐44
25‐29
20‐24
15‐19
10‐14
5‐9
0‐4
born overseas
Figure 8 shows that the age structure of people born overseas is younger than the UK born population. The five year age groups show that the proportion of people born abroad in the younger age groups up to 44 years was higher than the UK born population. While the UK born population contained more people in the oldest age groups. 60% of people who were born abroad said they arrived in the UK between the ages of 18‐44 and almost one third said they were children when they arrived. Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham What were the most reported country of origin? Table 6: Twenty most reported countries of birth, 2011 % of total rank
population
country of birth number 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Pakistan India Ireland Jamaica Bangladesh Poland Somalia China Kenya Nigeria Zimbabwe Germany Iran North Africa Philippines Hong Kong France South Africa Romania United States 55,922 27,206 16,085 15,100 13,864 9,477 7,765 6,203 3,988 3,399 3,238 3,020 3,005 2,696 2,286 2,059 1,486 1,465 1,433 1,419 5.2
2.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Table 6 shows the twenty most reported countries of birth outside of the UK for Birmingham residents at the time of the 2011 Census. Overall, the most common country of birth after the UK was Pakistan (55,900), followed by India (27,200) and Ireland (16,085). Countries such as Poland ranked 6th, Iran (ranked 13), Somalia (ranked 7), Zimbabwe (ranked 11) and Romania (ranked 19) were not included in to the top 20 at the time of the 2001 Census. The country of origin by year of arrival has not been published for Birmingham. However figures for the West Midlands region shows the top three country of origin for international migrants arriving before 1961 were Ireland, India and Jamaica. For each of subsequent decade until 2001, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh were the most reported countries of origin. Since 2001, it has been Poland followed by Pakistan and India (table 9). Figures have been rounded to the neared hundred Source: Office for National Statistics, Crown Copyright 2014 Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham Where have migrants settled in Birmingham? Figure 9 shows the percentage of people who said they were born abroad by Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA) in Birmingham. The majority of LSOAs (359, 56.2%) in Birmingham contained below average numbers of people who said they were born abroad. These areas were found mainly in the North, South and East peripheries of the city. There were 32 LSOAs where 1 in 2 of the population said they were born abroad. These LSOAs were found across wards in the middle third of Birmingham stretching from the West of the city to just short of the Eastern periphery. These wards are listed in Table 7. The table also shows that very high proportions of overseas migrants came to the UK between 2001 and 2011. The Birmingham city average was 45%. Wards with the highest number of recent migrants (arriving between 2001 and 2011) were Ladywood 73%, followed by Nechells (59.5%) and Harborne (50.7%). Fig 9 Table 7: Wards where at least 1 LSOA contain 50% or more of people who said
they were born abroad – 2011 Census
Wards Aston Bordesley Green Handsworth wood Harborne Ladywood Lozells and East Handsworth Nechells Soho Sparkbrook Springfield Total Ward All people Born outside UK 32,286 13,897
33,937 13,580
27,749 10,827
23,001 5,562
30,133 11,153
31,074 13,959
33,957 13,441
30,317 12,579
32,415 13,763
31,391 12,068
306,260 120,829
arrived since 2001
number percent
6,278
5,694
4,083
2,820
8,153
5,819
8,000
6,185
5,272
4,562
56,866
45.2
41.9
37.7
50.7
73.1
41.7
59.5
49.2
38.3
37.8
47.1
Source: 2011 Census [Key Statistics], Crown Copyright 2014 Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham A short‐term migrant is someone born outside the UK and living in England and Wales for a period of between 3 and 12 months. The 2011 Census estimated that there were around 5,100 short‐term migrants living in Birmingham. Figure 10 shows that the migrants were mostly aged between 20 and 24 reflecting that almost three quarters of migrants said they were in Birmingham to study. Short‐term migrants were most commonly from the Middle East, Asia and Europe (table 8). Figure 10: Age structure of short‐term migrants living in Birmingham 2011
90+
85‐89
80‐84
75‐79
70‐74
65‐69
60‐64
55‐59
50‐54
45‐49
40‐44
35‐39
30‐34
25‐29
20‐24
15‐19
10‐14
5‐9
0‐4
1500
1000
500
0
500
1000
1500
Source: 2011 Census, Crown Copyright 2014 Table 8: 2011 Census: Non‐UK born Short‐Term Residents ‐ Birmingham
All Europe Africa Middle East and Asia The Americas and the Caribbean Antarctica and Oceania number percent 5,063 100 1,367 27.0 391 7.7 3,047 60.2 215 4.2 43 0.8 Source: 2011 Census, Crown Copyright 2014
Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham Appendix I Table 9: 2011 Census: Year of Arrival in UK by 20 most common countries of origin - West Midlands
Region
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1961
Ireland
India
Jamaica
Germany
Italy
Pakistan
Poland
Canada
North Africa
South Africa
United States
Australia
Singapore
France
Kenya
Hong Kong
Malaysia
South America
Bangladesh
China
1961-1970
India
Pakistan
Jamaica
Ireland
Kenya
Germany
Bangladesh
Italy
Hong Kong
Singapore
Australia
Malaysia
United States
Canada
South Africa
Poland
South America
Spain
North Africa
Nigeria
1971-1980
Pakistan
India
Bangladesh
Kenya
Ireland
Germany
Hong Kong
Jamaica
Australia
South Africa
Iran
United States
Canada
Malaysia
South America
Singapore
Italy
China
France
Zimbabwe
1981-990
Pakistan
India
Bangladesh
Ireland
Germany
Hong Kong
South Africa
Jamaica
Kenya
United States
Australia
China
North Africa
Nigeria
Canada
France
Zimbabwe
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Malaysia
1991-2000
Pakistan
India
Bangladesh
Jamaica
Germany
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Ireland
China
Somalia
Iraq
United States
Hong Kong
France
North Africa
Afghanistan
Iran
Kenya
Philippines
Pakistan
2001-2011
Poland
India
Pakistan
China
Zimbabwe
Somalia
Nigeria
Bangladesh
Philippines
Iraq
Afghanistan
Jamaica
Lithuania
Germany
South Africa
Romania
Iran
North Africa
United States
Ireland
Europe ‐ EU excluding Accession Countries : (EU14) Founder members: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Spain, And Sweden Europe ‐ EU Accession Countries from 2004 Joined the EU 1st May 2004: (EU8) Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Republic of Latvia, Republic of Lithuania, Poland, Slovak Republic, and Republic of Slovenia. Cyprus and Malta (Joined the EU 1st May 2004 but not referred to as part of the EU8) Joined the EU 1st January 2007: (EU2) Bulgaria, Romania Europe – Non EU: European countries that are not members of the EU at 1st April 2013. For the purpose of these statistics, this includes Croatia, who joined the EU in July 2013 – outside the reporting period for this report. Note : European Economic Area (EEA) comprises of the member states of the European Union plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham Appendix 2 Migration Flows
Inflow is the number of people arriving in an area.
Outflow is the number of people leaving an area.
Net flow is the difference between inflow and outflow.
Net Outflow is where there are more people leaving than arriving in an area.
Net Inflow is where there are more people arriving than leaving an area.
Internal Migration
An Internal Migrant is a person who between one year and the next, change their area of residence within England
and Wales.
There is no single system to record population moves between local authorities, therefore internal
migration estimates are derived using administrative data from the National Health Service Central Register (NHSCR),
the GP Patient Register Data System (PRDS) and Higher Education Statistics.
International Migration
A Long-term International Migrant is a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence
for a period of at least a year, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual
residence.
Estimates of international migrants are obtained from the following main sources:
 International Passenger Survey (IPS)
 Labour Force Survey (LFS) and
 Home Office data on asylum seekers and their dependents
The IPS is a voluntary sample survey of passengers arriving at, or departing from, major UK airports, sea ports and
the Channel Tunnel. The survey asks how long migrants intend to stay in or outside of the UK.
To take account of people who change their intentions about their original length of stay an adjustment is made to
the IPS estimates for long-term international migration. Some migrants do not know where they are going to live;
some may state a big city when asked, but in fact take up residence in a nearby area; others move on quickly from
their original destination.
Regional estimates of in-migration are obtained from the IPS and Labour Force Survey, a quarterly sample survey of
households. It provides information about the labour market and is also used to estimate international migration that
has already occurred. It excludes students in halls of residents who do not have a UK resident parent and people in
most other types of communal establishments.
Regional estimates of out-migrants are estimated directly from the IPS.
Local authority estimates of in- and out-migration are estimated using a statistical model. This methodology was
introduced in 2010. Previous estimates for the period 2002-8 have been revised.
Asylum Seekers
Measurement of asylum seekers is done separately as the IPS does not cover all asylum seekers entering and leaving
the UK. Applications for asylum are the basis for estimated inflows. An adjustment is made for those removed from
the UK within one year and the small number of asylum seekers recorded by the IPS. Regional and local authority
estimates are obtained by using information on the location of asylum seekers receiving financial support and / or
accommodation.
Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208 BDB 2015/01, 2012 to 2013 International Migration in Birmingham Appendix 2 (continued)
National Insurance Number Allocations to non UK Nationals
The Department for Work and Pensions annually publishes data on National Insurance Numbers (NINos) allocated to
non-UK nationals in local authorities. It includes variables such as nationality, age and gender. NINos are required
for employment/self-employment purposes or to claim benefits or tax credits. The figures cover new registrations;
people may have been in the UK for some time before applying for a NI number. There is no data on how many
people subsequently leave the UK; a proportion may be short-term migrants. It will not cover all migrants (e.g.
children).
A2 and A8 Nationals are from countries that have recently joined the EU. A8 Countries joining in 2004, are Czech
Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. Cyprus and Malta also joined in 2004
but were not included in the A8. Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 and are known as the A2 countries.
Worker Registration Scheme (WRS) Nationals of the A8 Countries need to register with the WRS if they want to
work in the UK. The self-employed do not need to register. Place of work address is used rather than residential
address.
FLAG4 is a code the NHS uses record where someone registering with an NHS G.P was previously living overseas.
Statistics of registrations are published annually and provide another indicator of recent immigration, although the
information is limited. As well as picking up those born outside of the UK entering England & Wales for the first time,
it also picks up individuals whose previous address was outside the UK and time spent outside the UK was more than
three months. The flag is removed when someone registers with another GP. As the data is collated annually, it will
exclude those who re-register with a second GP during their first year of entry to the UK Not all migrants register with
G.P; young males (making up a large proportion of international migrants) are less likely than other groups to register
with a G.P.
Short-term migrants are people who visit for longer than three months but stay longer than a year.
Year of arrival, this question from the 2011 Census asks about year of last arrival in the UK, it excludes short visits.
This is open to interpretation and not everyone will have applied the same definition of a short visit. Therefore year
of last arrival may not reflect when respondents became UK residents.
Service Development Team, Planning & Regeneration, www.birmingham.gov.uk/census, [email protected], 0121 303 4208